中译第2讲2012
商务英语翻译(第二讲)
investment in the infrastructure industry will not (at least in the short term) bring high economic
benefits.③ It is imperative to orient the investment to enterprises with better economic benefits, but
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
• 如果一方违反任何其根据第18.1条所作的陈述或担保，则另一方除 根据本合同或使用法律寻求任何可能的其他救济之外，违约方应当 赔偿另一方或合营公司因此种违约行为而招致的任何损失、损害、 费用、开支、责任或索赔。
• （分析：英语合同文本中的长句首先要仔细分析句子的内部结构， 判断句子是简单句、并列句、复合句，还是并列复合句。其次是找 出句中的主要成分，即主语和谓语动词。）
• 例2： Online culture thinks highly of the notion that the information flowing onto the screen come there by specific request.
• 在线文化赞赏这样的主张：不经用户特别请求，别把广告发到用户 的屏幕上。
• 例： Monetarists, led by University of Chicago Professor Emeritus Friedman armed themselves with evidence showing that free markets on their own produce as much growth and employment as an economy can sustain.
2012版自考英语二课文中英文对照
第1课Text AText A Critical ReadingCritical reading applies to non-fiction writing in which the author puts forth a position or seeks to make a statement. Critical reading is active reading. It involves more than just understanding what an author is saying. Critical reading involves questioning and evaluating what the author is saying, and forming your own opinions about what the author is saying. Here are the things you should do to be a critical reader.批判性地阅读批判性阅读适合于那种作者提出一个观点或试图陈述一个说法的纪实类写作。
批判性阅读是积极阅读。
它不仅仅包括理解作者说了些什么，还包括质疑和评价作者的话，并对此形成自己的观点。
成为一名批判性阅读者需要做到以下几点。
Consider the context of what is written. You may be reading something that was written by an author from a different cultural context than (=from) yours. Or, you may be reading something written some time ago in a different time context than yours. In either case, you must recognize and take into account any differences between your values and attitudes and those represented by the author.考虑写作背景。
第2讲 翻译中的形合与意合汇总
我于冬日前去参观，但见衰柳寒烟，一水茫 茫而已。(沈复“浮生六记”） “衰柳寒烟”，“一水茫茫”
译文1：I went there in winter, and could see nothing but unanimated trees and smokes. There is only a range of poor water. 译文2： I went there on a winter day and saw only a stretch of cold water against some sparse willows trees and a frosty sky. 译文3：While in winter, nothing was enjoyable but the lovely willows and quiet water.
念死书念出来的学问是没有多大用处的 Learning by rote will be unprofitable. 学是学了,没有结果;做是做了,没有成功 I have made proposals, but in vain; I have made attempts but without success.
第二讲：词汇翻译(上)
词汇翻译技巧 3.介词增减:英译汉时很多介词可以省略， 3.介词增减:英译汉时很多介词可以省略，汉译英时 介词增减
则需根据英语的行文需要增加适当的介词。 则需根据英语的行文需要增加适当的介词。
1）She was one of my colleagues at the ） university at which I taught. 她是我任教的那所大学的同事。 她是我任教的那所大学的同事。 2）I get positively angry with the ） impertinence of it and the everlastingness. 这么卤莽无礼，没完没了，真让我生气。 这么卤莽无礼，没完没了，真让我生气。 3）他已经把这事忘得一干二净了。 ）他已经把这事忘得一干二净了。 He has forgotten all about it. 4）接到信时我高兴得跳了起来。 ）接到信时我高兴得跳了起来。 I jumped with joy when I received the letter.
词汇翻译技巧 移植法 直接移植:在译文中将原文的词语原封不动地 直接移植: 挪用过来。如“卡拉 厅”、KTV包房 、“BP 挪用过来。 卡拉OK厅 、 包房”、 卡拉 包房 唱盘”、 光片 光片”、 发了一份 发了一份e-mail”、 机”、“CD唱盘 、“X光片 、“发了一份 、 唱盘 、 “进入 进入WTO”、“Word文件”、“如何执行 进入 、 文 、 如何执行 Windows 2000的应用程序”、“股票ABC”、 2000的应用程序 的应用程序”、“股票 股票ABC”、 NBA、CIA、IBM、IQ、EQ等等，汉语短语或句 等等， 、 、 、 、 等等 子中夹杂的这些英语单词就是直接移植过来的。 子中夹杂的这些英语单词就是直接移植过来的。 直接移植似乎多应用于科技翻译和新闻媒体 文学翻译则少见。 中，文学翻译则少见。
201211CATTI二级笔译中译英第2篇真题+参考答案
20121111二级笔译实务中译英第2篇原文+参考答案详见烁烁英语试题原文作为远古人类留给我们的宝贵的文化遗产，岩画堪称是记载人类早期社会生活的百科全书，它不仅传承着源远流长的古代文明，也是史前人类文化、宗教、民俗以及原始艺术史的见证。
在世界上，中国岩画是诞生最早、分布最广、内容最丰富的国家之一，而贺兰山又是华夏土地上遗存最集中、题材最广泛、保存最完好的岩画地区之一。
在贺兰山腹地，共发现20余处遗存岩画，其中最具代表性的是贺兰山贺兰口岩画。
贺兰山岩画在山口内外分布着近6000幅岩画，其中罕为人见的人面像岩画就有70幅之多。
据考证，贺兰山口岩画是不同时期先后刻制的，大多为北方游牧民族创作.岩画造型粗犷稚拙、构图朴实自然，牛、马、驴、鹿、鸟、虎等动物栩栩如生，各种人头的造型同样是千奇百态。
凭着自己对社会现实的理解与感悟，对美好生活的追求与向往，把自己的亲身感受与体验，忠实地记录在岩石之上，同时也为后人留下了神秘瑰丽的贺兰山岩画。
有学者说贺兰口是史前人类凭借自然魅力打造的祭祀圣地，又有专家认为，贺兰口岩画是象形文字前的图画文字，在文字没有发明前，这里的人们艰难地把他们的理想、愿望、欢乐、悲伤，通过岩画的形式表现出来。
于是，在亘古不变的贺兰山上，写就了一部史前人类的“天书”。
参考译文As a precious cultural heritage left by ancient people, rock-painting can be said as an encyclopedia recording the early social lives of human, which not only transmits the ancient civilization with long times, but also serves a witness of the culture, religion, folk-custom and ancient artistic history of prehistory people.China is one of the countries whose rock-carvings boast the earliest creation, the widest distribution and the richest content in the world, while Helan Mountain is one of the regions whose rock-carvings boast the most concentrated distribution, the widest theme and the best preserved condition in China. In the depth/hinterland of Helan Mountain, more than 20 relic places with rock-paintings have been discovered, among which, the most representative ones are those at the mouth of Helan Mountain.There are some 6000 rock-paintings near the mouth of Helan Mountain, among which rare rock-paintings of human faces hits over 70. According to research and study, the rock-paintings at the mouth of Helan Mountain were carved during different periods, and most were created by nomad nationality in north China. These rock-paintings are characterized by rough and adorned sculpt, as well as simple and natural composition, of vivid animals such as cattle, horses, donkeys, deer and tigers, as well as human heads carrying thousands expressions. The rock-paintings are faithfully recorded by ancient people of their pursuits and aspirations for happy life in future as well as their personal experiences and feelings based on understanding and thoughts of then social reality, meanwhile leaving these mysterious and magnificent rock-painting heritages in Helan Mountain.Some scholars said that Helan Mountain are created by prehistory people as their sacrifice place by virtue of natural charm, while some held that rock-paintings here are drawing writings before pictographs, through which people take paints to express their ideals, wishes, happiness and sadness before the creation of characters. In this way, “Heaven Book” of prehistory people hasbeen written on the everlasting Helan Mountain.。
第二讲：汉译英的特点与翻译
他妻子拿着一个盘子走过去，他连一句话也没跟她 说。 He said no word to his wife as she passed with a plate.
看到这惨状，大家立即陷入了恐慌。 译文1. On seeing this miserable scene, people got panic-stricken very soon. 译文2. At the sight of this miserable scene, people was seized with panic/overwhelmed by panic/great terror, or people were thrown in panic. 译文3. The sight of this miserable scene threw people in panic.
6-5 Passable translation with some inaccuracies The translation adequately reflects most of the original passage with occasional errors of vocabulary, syntax, spelling or punctuation. The translation is, for the most part, readable. 4-3 Inadequate translation with frequent inaccuracies half, with frequent errors; in some parts, unreadable 2-1 Poor translation less than half Almost all sentences contain errors of… For the most part, unreadable
00015英语二(2012版)讲义第02章
Unit 2 Mistake to SuccessA Famous QuoteSuccess is going from failure to failure without losing your enthusiasm.——Winston Churchill成功就是经历一次一次失败后，热情依旧。
——温斯顿・丘吉尔TEXT A Spilt Milkcry over spilt milk express regret for sth. that has happened and cannot be remedied 为已经发生而无法补救的事懊悔New Wordsspill v.（especially of liquid） to flow over the edge of the container by accident （使）洒出，泼出，溢出respond v. to do something as a reaction to something that somebody has said or done 作出反应，响应interview v. to ask somebody questions about their life, opinions, etc., especially on the radio ortelevision for a newspaper or magazine （媒体）采访；访问creative adj. involving the use of skill and the imagination to produce something new or a work of art创造（性）的；创作的occur v. to happen 发生；出现remove v. to take something or somebody away from a place 移开；拿开；去掉refrigerator n. a piece of electrical equipment in which food is kept cold so that it stays fresh 冰箱grip n. an act, of holding somebody/something tightly 紧握；紧抓slippery adj. difficult to hold or to stand or move on, because it is smooth, wet or polished 滑的；滑的抓不住（或站不稳，难以行走）的content n. the things that are contained in something 所容纳之物；所含之物veritable adj. a word used to emphasize that somebody/something can be compared to somebody/ something else that is more exciting, more impressive, etc. 十足的；名副其实的；不折不扣的yell v. to shout loudly, for example, because you are angry, excited, frightened or in pain 喊；大喊；吼叫lecture n. a long angry talk that somebody gives to one person or a group of people because they havedone something wrong（冗长的）教训，训斥，谴责mess n. a dirty or untidy state 肮脏；杂乱；不整洁rarely adv. not very often 罕有；很少；不常puddle n. a small amount of water or other liquid, especially rain, that has collected in one placeon the ground 水洼；小水坑eventually adv. at the end of a period of time or a series of events 最后；终于restore v. to bring somebody/something back to a former condition, place or position 使复原；使复位，使复职sponge n. a piece of artificial or natural material that is soft and light and full of holes and canhold water easily, used for washing or cleaning 海绵块effectively adv. in a way that produces the intended result or a successful result 有效的tiny adj. very small in size or amount 极小的；微小的discover v. to find out about something or information about something 了解到；认识到；查明grasp v. to take a firm hold of somebody/ something 抓紧；抓牢lip n. the edge of a container or a hollow place in the ground （容器或凹陷地方的）边，边沿renowned adj. famous and respected 有名的；闻名的；受尊敬的remark v. to say or write a commend about something/somebody 谈论；评论opportunity n. a time when a particular situation makes it possible to do or achieve something 机会；时机scientific adj. connected with science 科学（上）的；关于科学的valuable adj. very usefu1 很有用的；很重要的；宝贵的Phrases and Expressionsin this manner in the way which something is done or happens 用这种方式set ,apart from to make somebody/ something different from or better than others 区别；使与众不同重点词汇讲解spill v.（especially of liquid） to flow over the edge of the container by accident （使）洒出，泼出，溢出eg: The ink spilt all over the desk. 墨水洒了一桌子。
翻译实践 第二讲.ppt
What is Translation?
Not an easy question. Some of definitions
Translation, essentially, is the faithful representation, in one language, of what is written or said in another language. —Zhong Shukong A Handbook of Translation What is translation? Often, though not by any means always, it is rendering the meaning of a text into another language in the way the author intended the text. —Peter Newmark A Textbook of Translation
What is Translation
…aesthetics, linguistics, rhetoric, psychology, so on and so forth.
A polyseme: the process or the product; written translation only or both written translation and interpretation.
Translation: A Long History
The Tower of Babe: in the valley of Shinar According to historians:
the earliest translation activities in China: Zhou dynasty (1100.BC); and in the west: the first traces date from 3000 BC, during the Egyptian Old Kingdom and the first translator was a Greek slave Livius Andronicus, who in about 240 B.C. put the Odyssey into Latin verse. In China
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中级笔译第二讲3. 英译汉技巧3.1 选词技巧3.1.1 根据词性选词He is up in mathematics.他精通数学。
They went up wind.他们迎风而行。
The ship is sailing up the river.这船正向河的上游航行。
The new museum is up and opens to the public.新博物馆已落成开放。
We all have our ups and downs.命运盛衰无定。
(人生总有起起落落)Prices are being upped by 20 %.价格上涨了百分之二十。
She upped and threw the teapot at him.她跳起来, 将茶壶向他掷去。
3.1.2 根据搭配选词good soil肥沃的土壤a good money真的货币a good river畅通的河道a heavy eater食量大的人heavy food难消化的食物That beat me.真把我难住了。
We can beat them.我们可以打败他们。
3.1.3 根据上下文选词No context, no text.His spoken English isn‟t good enough because of lack of exposu re.他的英语口语不太好，因为缺乏英语环境。
Throughout centuries London has claimed to be the foremost city of the world.几个世纪以来, 伦敦堪称世界一流城市。
Oxford claims a large share in the making of England.牛津大学对英国的发展贡献很大。
The explosion claimed more than twenty lives.这次爆炸使20多人丧生。
An aggressive country is always ready to start a war.一个好侵略的国家总是挑起战争。
An aggressive young man can go far in our firm.一个富有进取心的年轻人在我们公司前途无量。
The illegal search was an invasion of their civil liberties.那次非法搜查是对他们公民自由权的侵犯。
Our conference did in the end make detailed plans for the invasion. The date was to be 1May, 1944.我们的会议最后确实制定了进攻的详细计划, 进攻日期定在1944 年5 月1日。
3.2 增词技巧3.2.1增加适当的数量词、单字重叠或其他表示复数概念的词。
如：“们、一批、许多、几次、几个、大量、之类、一些、那些、各种、种种”等。
A red sun rose slowly from the calm sea.一轮红曰从风平浪静的海面冉冉升起。
the Soviet Union，the United States，England and France苏、美、英、法四国In spite of the difficulties, our task was got over well.虽然有各种困难，但我们的任务已顺利完成。
3.2.2 增加宾语。
英语不及物动词有隐含宾语，译成汉语时往往需要把它清楚表达出来。
to wash before meal饭前洗手Day after day she came to her work - sweeping, scrubbing and cleaning.她每天来干活——扫地，擦地板，收拾房间。
3.2.3 翻译英语省略句时，根据汉语习惯增加省略的部分。
We won‟t retreat, we never have and never will.我们不后退，我们从来没后退过，我们将来也决不后退。
Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; writing an exact man.读书使人充实；讨论使人机智；写作使人准确。
doing3.2.4增加语气词。
英译汉时一味照字面直译, 会导致误译,或是虽勉强可懂, 但达不到原文作者所要表达的效果。
增加语气词可较好地解决这一问题。
“I‟m sorry for it, Miss Catherine.” It was my response, and I p roceeded assiduously with my occupation .（Wuthering Heights by Emily Bronte）“真是对不起了,凯瑟琳小姐!”我应道,然后又只管埋头干我的活。
Well, mankind is not doing a very good job of running the earth right now.（Maybe when the time comes, we ought to step gracefully aside and hand over the job to someone who can do it better.）唉，反正人类现在也没有做好管理地球的工作。
3.2.5增关联词，使得上下文衔接紧密,语气较为顺畅。
Being a good conductor, copper is generally used to conduct electricity.因为铜是一种良导体,故一般用它导电。
Were there no gravity, there would be no air around the earth.假如没有重力,地球周围就没有空气。
It was the best of times, it was the worst of times ;it was the age of wisdom ,it was the age of foolishness ;it was the epoch of belief ,it was the epoch of incredulity. (A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens)这是一个盛隆之世, 但也是一个衰微之世; 这是一个智慧的时代, 但也是一个愚蠢的时代;这是一个有信仰的新纪元, 但也是一个充满怀疑的新纪元。
3.2.6 增加具体名词, 如：“状态”、“工作”、“过程”、“现象”、“方式”、“情况”、“作用”、“部分”、“方面”、“化”等词。
The teacher is not satisfied with our preparation.老师对我们的准备工作不满意。
militarily, politically and economically军事、政治、经济方面Speed and reliability are the chief advantages of the electronic computer.译文1：速度、可靠性是电子计算机的主要优点。
译文1：速度快、可靠性高是电子计算机的主要优点。
3.2.7根据汉语的措辞习惯，增词He was weak and old.他又老又虚弱。
These commodities are cheap and fine.这些商品又便宜又好。
glib tongue油嘴滑舌live and learn活到老，学到老3.3 减词技巧英汉比较：If there is food, let everyone share it.有饭大家吃。
3.3.1省代词。
He who has never reached the Great Wall is not a true man.不到长城非好汉。
3.3.2省重复词Through Tom I learned: ……Nothing is impossible and never, never give up or quit.”在汤姆身上我学到了：“一切皆有可能。
永远不要放弃。
”3.3.3省连接词We, especially the younger generations of China and the United States, must make common cause of our common challenges, so that we can, together, shape a new century of brilliant possibilities.我们，尤其中美两国的青年一代，必须齐心协力，共同迎接挑战，共同创造光辉灿烂的新世纪。
The parties must act in accordance with the principle of good faith, no matter (whether) in exercising rights or in performing obligations.当事人行使权利、履行义务应当遵循诚实信用原则。
3.3.4 省动词Without sense of your fault, how can repentance and amendment be expected?如果对自己的错误都不认识怎么能悔恨和改正呢。
3.3.5 为了表现汉语简练、紧凑、清晰的修辞特点。
the old，the weak，the sick and the disabled老、弱、病、残者in the course of the same year同年the earliest possible date尽早advertisement and commercials广告As it is late, let us go to bed.不早了，睡吧！3.4 词义引申技巧3.4.1词义具体化将原文中词义比较宽泛、笼统、抽象概念或一般行为的词引申为具体的意义或动作，即缩小外延而丰富内涵，符合译文的语义逻辑和表达习惯。
There is much woman about him.他的举止颇带女人气。
woman“女人”→女人气There are three steps which must be taken before we graduate from the integrated circuit technology.要完全掌握集成电路技术，必须要分三步走。
graduate from “毕业于”→完全掌握Is the emigration of intelligence to become an issue as absorbing as the immigration of strong muscle?知识分子移居国外是不是会和体力劳动者迁居国内一样构成令人注目的问题?intelligence“智力”→“知识分子”muscle“体力”→“体力劳动者”A pale face of a young woman was raised feebly from the pillow; and a faint voice imperfectly articulated the words, “Let me see the child, and die.”imperfectly：有缺点地；articulate:清楚地表达一个年轻女子有气无力地从枕头上仰起毫无血色的面孔，用微弱的声音含糊不清地吐出这样几个字来：“让我看看孩子再死。