【7A文】雅思机经真题预测
2023年雅思阅读机经类7
和古代奴隶小孩旳例子。
英文原文阅读Mistakes Improve Children's LearningEveryone makes mistakes and children are no exception. What's important is how we learn from them. Yet, children grow up in a society that pressures them to be perfect and intelligent - to achieve the highest SAT scores, land prized scholarships, and get into the best universities. Parents reinforce this pressure at home when they cover up children's mistakes, correct homework to improve grades, or drill knowledge into kids until they get it right. Stress is increased when children are constantly praised for their intelligence. How does this focus on perfection and IQ affect learning? And how can we help children and teens believe in themselves by accepting their mistakes and learning from them?A recent Scientific American article, Getting it Wrong: Surprising Tips on How to Learn,supports a number of learning and developmental theories. Historically, many educators have created conditions for learning that do not encourage errors. And parents have followed suit. For example, if we drill children over and over again with the same math problem, they will eventually remember the answer. And if they are lucky, they will remember the answer on a standardized test.This approach to learning assumes that if students are allowed to make mistakes, they will not learn the correct information. However, recent research shows this to be an incorrect assumption. In fact, studies have found that learning is enhanced when children make mistakes!Whether it involves homework, developing friendships, or playing soccer, learning is enriched through error. Making mistakes is part of how kids are challenged to learn to do things differently. It motivates them to try new approaches.Carol Dweck, a professor at Stanford University, studies the importance of challenging children, even if they get things wrong. Her research shows that praising children for their intelligence can actually make them less likely to persist in the face of challenge. She and her colleagues followed hundreds of 5th grade children in New York City schools. One group was praised for their intelligence while the other group was praised for their effort.When the 5th graders were challenged with an extremely difficult test designed for 8th graders, a surprising result occurred. The students who had been praised for their effort worked very hard, even though they made a lot of mistakes. The kids praised for being smart became discouraged and saw their mistakes as a sign of failure. Intelligence testing for the kids praised for their effort increased by 30% while the kids praised for their intelligence dropped by 20%.。
雅思考试真题汇编及详解(IELTS 7)(1-2章)【圣才出品】
第1章雅思（IELTS）考试指南1.1雅思考试简介1.雅思考试性质雅思（IELTS）考试，全称International English Language Testing（国际英语语言测试系统），为剑桥大学考试委员会外语考试部、英国文化协会和IDP教育集团共有，而在中国的雅思考试主要由英国文化协会负责。
该考试以其特有的可靠性和权威性，目前已得到全球多所院校机构、政府部门和职业机构的认可。
该项考试是为打算在交流语言为英语的国家或地区进行学习或工作的人们所设置的英语语言水平考试。
2.雅思考试分类和目的雅思考试分为学术类（Academic）和培训类（General Training）两种类型，学术类在于测试考生是否有在英语环境中就读高校本科或研究生课程的语言能力；普通培训类适用计划移民、出国工作或申请国外非学术培训、中学课程的考生，侧重点在于评估考生是否掌握足够英语技能在英语国家生活的能力。
1.2雅思考试试题分析及解题技巧雅思考试是对考生听说读写四项英语交流能力的测试，测试内容包括听力、阅读、写作和口语共四部分。
雅思考试的试卷结构如下所示：雅思学术类和培训类考试总时间均为2小时24分钟，其中对于听力和口语部分，学术类和培训类考试的测试内容完全相同；而阅读部分和写作部分则使用不同的试题。
需要注意的是除口语外，听力、阅读和写作均在同一天进行测试。
1.雅思听力试题分析及解题技巧雅思听力部分主要是对考生在英语语境中，对实际使用中英语的适应和理解能力的测试。
雅思听力由四部分构成，难度会依次递增，第一部分为两人对话，第二部分通常为一段独白（对话的形式较少出现），第三部分为多人对话（最多四人），第四部分又是一段独白。
其中前两部分内容涉及社会课题，而后两部分与与教育或培训课题相关。
听力时间为30分钟，录音结束后会有10分钟誊写答案的时间，需注意雅思听力中的录音只放一遍。
雅思听力的测试形式多样，其中历年考试中考过的题型达到十几种，主要包括选择题、简答题、完成句子题、完成笔记/表格/图表/摘要/流程图/时间表题、为图表/设计图/地图做标记题、分类和配对题等。
2024年全年雅思机经写作TASK2汇总
2024年全年雅思写作Task 2机经题目汇总
1.城市化的利弊
2.现代社会是否过于依赖技术和科学
3.教育的重要性和影响
4.年轻人太忙是否是一种好现象
5.大城市的生活与农村生活的对比
6.艺术和音乐在教育中的重要性
7.年轻人选择职业的因素
8.博物馆是否应该免费向公众开放
9.知识应该与实践相结合还是应该分开对待
10.国内外旅游的利与弊
11.越来越多的人使用自行车作为交通工具，这是一种好现象吗
12.经济发展是否应该以环境保护为首要考虑
13.选举投票的重要性和影响
14.经济发展与传统文化之间的关系
15.个人成功与人际关系的重要性
16.保护动物的重要性
17.广告是否对人们的购买行为有重要影响
18.是否应该对城市建成环境进行更多的限制
19.青少年是否应该继续接受家庭教育而不是学校教育
20.嫁给富人和嫁给有责任感的人之间的区别
以上是2024年全年雅思写作Task 2机经题目的汇总，希望对你的备考有所帮助。
雅思考试真题汇编及详解(IELTS 7)(Test 4)【圣才出品】
Test 4LISTENINGSECTION 1 Questions 1-10Questions 1-6Complete the form below.Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR NUMBER for each answer.Questions 7-10Answer the questions below.Write NO MORE THAN TWO WORDS for each answer.7 What does the student particularly like to eat?8 What sport does the student play?9 What mode of transport does the student prefer?10 When will the student find out her homestay address?【答案与解析】1. Keiko 对话中student在回答他的first name时说“It’s Keiko. K-E-I-K-O.”，故此处填Keiko。
此处注意人名首字母必须大写。
2. JO6337 录音中为your passport number is JO 6337，注意: 当数字和字母混和在一起时, 字母必须大写。
3. 4 months 录音中为About four months，可知答案为4 months。
4. (Advanced) English (Studies) 录音中为I’ve enrolled for twenty weeks in the..,urn... Advanced English Studies特别注意: 课程名称为专有名词, 首字母必须大写。
5. (young) children 录音中Do you have any preferences for a family with childrenor without children? I’d like…bu t中的but说明否定了有孩子的家庭。
雅思阅读预测真题库5参考答案
Novice and expertprinciples and rules/mentor/journeyman/patterns of behavior/complex FALSE/TRUE/TRUE/NOT GIVEN/FALSEmodels/consensus/manifestationsMuseum BlockbusterC /A /B /BCustomers/public relation skills /(the new) museology /tourist attractions A D/B C ESir Francis Ronalds and TelegraphG/A/E/D/ILetters and numbers(or alphabet and numbers)/glass tubes/800km/frictional-electricity(machine)D/A/E/C/GBestcom-Considerate ComputingFALSE/TRUE/TRUE/TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVENclues/relationship/message/reschedule/mail/cellphone/meetingVideo Game’s Unexpected Benefits to Human Brain C / D / B / D /NOT GIVE / TRUE / NOT GIVEN / FALSE /C / F / B / E / A /Fossil Files --- the Paleobiology Database iii/i/ii/vi/v/ivB/D/C/B/D/B/CScent of Success1-6题的NB可以忽略C/B/A/F/G/E/B/D/A/E/D/C/BA New Ice AgeD/C/A/D/B/A/B/Cheat/denser/Great Ocean Conveyor/freshwater/southwardSoviet’s New Working Weeki/xii/ii/x/i/ix/v/viiC/A/DYuri Larin/color-coding/familyThe PersuadersYES/NOT GIVEN/YES/NOB/C/D/Ctrolleys/aisles/loyalty card/cosmetics/groupWater Filterclay/water/straw/cow manure/950 degrees/60 minutes FALSE/TRUE/NOT GIVEN/NOT GIVENC/D/AMungo ManTRUE/NOTGIVEN /TRUE/ FALSE /TRUE /NOTGIVENA /E /A /B /C /D /B / ABamboo, A Wonder plantE/D/B/A/D/C/B/A/B/B/Dsoil erosion/paperThe Gap of IngenuityC/A/B/D/B/B/C/YES/YES/YES/NO/NOT GIVEN/YES/NOCorporate Soical Responsibility v/viii/iv/vii/i/iii/iiequal opportunity/internal costC/C/A/BAmateur NaturalistsB/C/H/G/E/D/ABeekepping/life cycle/droughtC/B/A/AThomas Young : The Last True Know-It-AllTRUE/FALSE/FALSE/FALSE/TRUE/TRUE/NOT GIVENhuman eye(or human eye accommodation)/Indo-European/Richard Brocklesby/Royal Institution/gas lightingHow to Achieve Happinessvi/vii/iv/ix/iiB/D/A/C/B/D/F/BAquaculture in New Zealand忽略NBF/E/D/I/GFuel/power/water streams/contaminant/harvesting/Government B5(target)/increase(producing/production)capacity/photosynthesisConsecutive and Simultaneous TranslationB/D/C/C/A2-3 seconds/10 seconds/100-120/200/95-164B/C/E/FThe Future Never Dies?YES/NO/YES/NG/NO/NGtemperature/(molten)rock(or ash)/food/tidal wave/ice age/rocket/D。
【7A文】雅思听力机经词汇
雅思听力机经词汇 租房场景HouseRental 房子出租tenant 房客[ˈten ənt]housingagency 房屋中介，物业agentlocation 地段，位置 property 财产，物业 rent 租金deposit 押金，定金 refund 退还，反还 weekly按周（支付租金） monthly 按月（支付租金） 周一到周日开头字母大写 MondayT ue sday Wedn e sdayThursday JanuaryFebruary MarchMay JuneJulyAugustSeptemberOctoberNovemberDecemberhouserules 租房规矩 agreement 协议，契约 contract 合同fa ’cility 设施，设备 furniture 家具well-furnished （家具）全配 partiallyfurnished （家具）简配 repairs 报修occupancy 房屋已租occupy vacancy 房屋空置[ˈve ɪk ənsi:] bill 账单（通常是指水电费各项杂费的账单）phonebill/fee 电话费 electricitybill/fee 电费 waterfee 水费Incomingcalls 打入的电话，在住房场景中，有些房东只允许房客接incomingcalls SourceofHouses 房源StudentAccommodationCenter 学生住宿管理中心StudentAccommodationOfficer 学生住宿管理员housingcoordinator 住宿协调员newspaperadvertisement报纸广告realestate房地产商Location地理位置downtown/citycenter市中心suburb/suburban/outskirts市郊road(Rd.)路street(St.)街avenue街[ˈævinju:]lane小巷[lein]drive车道Suburb郊区outskirts市郊[ˈautskə:ts] ruralarea乡下地区[ˈruərəl] urbanarea城市地区isolatedspot离市区远的地方bungalow平房[ˈbʌŋɡələu] Gcottage农舍小屋[ˈkɔtidʒ]['terəst]terraced house联排房屋（英）rowhouse联排房屋（美）commonresidence普通住宅compleG建筑群或街区sharedsocialarea/commonarea公共活动区House&Building住房dormit ory学生宿舍（美）G hallofresidence学生宿舍（英，雅思专用考试词汇）high-rise高层(建筑)flat公寓(英式)apartment公寓(美式)[ˈstju:diəu]studio apartment小套房（卧室，厨房，卫生间各一个）motel汽车旅馆brunch早产午餐studenthostel学生旅店youthhostel青年旅店, homestay,hostfamily留宿当地人家residen tial college大学里的寄宿学院boarding school指小学，初中或高中的寄宿abode住所[əˈbəʊd]G dwelling住处[ˈdwelɪŋ] residence住宅bungalow/ranchhouse平房，小屋，农场房屋semi-detached[dɪˈtætʃt]house双户住宅[ˈdju:pleks]dupleGhouse双户住宅blockofflats/apartmentbuilding公寓楼sky scraper摩天大楼compleG综合建筑high-rise高层mansion大厦[ˈmænʃən]villa别墅[ˈvɪlə]greenhouse温室，花房pagoda宝塔[pəˈgəʊdə] pavilion亭，阁[pəˈvɪljən]hut小屋，棚屋shanty简陋小屋，棚屋EGteriorStructure外部结构archway拱门，拱道backyard后院，后庭balcony阳台[ˈbælkəni] baywindow凸窗chimney烟囱[ˈtʃimni] courtyard院子dome圆屋顶dr ain p i pe排水管[ˈdreinpaip] drive/driveway私人车道，汽车道dustbin/garbagecan垃圾箱facade（建筑的）正面，外观G[fəˈsɑ:d]fence篱笆，围栏fountain喷泉G Frenchwindow落地长窗garage车库[ˈɡærɑ:ʒ][ɡəˈrɑʒ,-ˈrɑdʒ]garden/yard花园gatepost门柱gateway门前过道gutter檐槽排水沟[ˈɡʌtə]he dg e树篱，篱笆[hedʒ]porch门廊，游廊skylight天窗stairs/steps台阶terrace露台[ˈterəs][taild]tiledroof用瓦平铺的屋顶TV ae rial[ˈɛəriəl]电视天线TVante nn a[ænˈtenə]电视天线veranda门廊，阳台[vəˈrændə] windowsill窗台wing楼房的侧翼，侧楼InteriorStructure内部结构attic阁楼（可用做房间）[ˈætik] banister（楼梯的）扶手，栏杆[ˈbæn ɪst ə] baseboard 踢脚板basement 地下室（可用做房间） cell ar 地窖，酒窖[ˈsel ə] 区别于cello [ˈt ʃel əʊ]大提琴 closet 壁橱，储藏室G[ˈkl ɔzit] corridor 室内走廊[ˈk ɔrid ɔ:] firedoor/fireescape 消防逃生道 floorboards 地板foyer 门厅[ˈf ɔɪə,ˈf ɔɪˌe ɪ,ˈfw ɑ:ˌje ɪ] EntranceHall 门厅 loft 阁楼（多用于储藏） storeroom 储藏室 study 书房chain-guard 防护链条 意思一样两个的单词重点记忆 doorhandle 门把手（长型） door k nob 门把手（圆形） door mat 擦鞋垫 inter com 对讲装置 lock 锁rack 架子[ræk]spyhole/peephole 猫眼 coat-hanger 衣架[ˈhæŋə] umbrellastand 伞架 chest 箱子[t ʃest] SittingRoom 客厅 air-conditioner/AC 空调 armchair 扶手椅 ashtray 烟灰缸[ˈæʃˌtre ɪ] bench 长凳子 bookcase 书橱 carpet 地毯[ˈk ə:tnz]c ur tains/drapes 窗帘 cushion[ˈku ʃən]垫子 drinkingmachine 饮水机 fan 风扇扇子 fireplace 壁炉 floorlamp 落地灯 heater 加热器ornament 装饰品[ˈɔ:n əm ənt] plasma 等离子[ˈplæzm ə]plug插头[plʌɡ]potplant/houseplant盆栽植物powerpoint/outlet（电流）插座internetaccess/connection网路连接radiator散热器rearprojector背投remotecontrol遥控器rug小毯settee有靠背的长椅[seˈti:] sittingroom/livingroom起居室，客厅smokealarms烟雾警报socket（灯泡）插口[ˈsɔkit]sofa/couch沙发speaker音箱stereo system立体声音响stool凳子switch开关teatable/coffeetable茶几，咖啡桌vacuumcleaner真空吸尘器video cassette recorder/VCR录象机[kəˈset,kæ-] walllamp壁灯Bedroom卧室singleroom单人房doublebedroom/twinroom标房，双床房singlebed单人床doublebed双人床folding bed折叠床king-sizebed特大床queen-sizebed大床cot轻便小床[kɔt]区别coat[kəut]上衣bed-li nen床上用品[ˈlinin] bedsidecabinet床头柜bedsidelamp床头灯blanket毯子chestofdrawer衣柜，五斗橱dressingtable/dresser梳妆台duvet羽绒被[ˈdu:vei] fireblanket灭火毯mattress床褥，床垫pillowcase枕头套pillow枕头quilt被子[kwilt]sheet被单tick被套wardrobe衣橱[ˈwɔ:drəub] weavingblanket编织毯子DiningRoom餐厅bowl碗candlestick烛台china瓷器coffeeset咖啡用具diningchair餐椅diningset餐具diningtable饭桌fork叉glassware玻璃器皿knife刀pitcher水罐[ˈpɪtʃə] placemat/tablecloth台布plate餐盘saltshaker盐瓶saucer茶托[ˈsɔ:sə] serviette/napkin餐巾，围脖silverware银器soupladle汤勺[ˈleɪdl] spoon调羹sugarbowl糖钵teapot茶壶tureen汤碗[təˈri:n]wineglass酒杯Kitchen厨房canopener/tinopener开瓶器choppingboard/cuttingboard切菜板，砧板cleaver切肉刀[ˈkli:və]cooker/stove炉灶corkscrew拔软木塞的起子cupboard碗橱detergent洗洁精[diˈtə:dʒənt] dishwasher洗碗机fridge/refrigerator/freezer冰箱funnel漏斗[ˈfʌn(ə)l]grater擦菜板，磨碎器grill/broiler烤架[ˈbrɔilə]kettle水壶kitchenventilator抽油烟机microwaveoven微波炉miGer/blender搅拌机peeler削皮机rollingpin擀面棍sieve/skimmer漏勺，过滤器sink洗涤槽squeezer榨汁机tap/faucet水龙头toaster烤炉，烤面包机vegetableknife切菜刀whisk搅拌器Bathroom&Toilet浴室，厕所basin脸盆[ˈbeisn]bath浴室bathroomtile浴室瓷砖conditioner护发素drier干衣机flush/toilet/lavatory抽水马桶hair-drier吹风机mirror镜子[ˈmirə]razor剃须刀[ˈreizə]shampoo洗发精shaver电动剃须刀showercubicle淋浴房[ˈkju:bɪkəl] showercurtain浴帘shower莲蓬头soap肥皂大[səup]区别于soup[su:p] sponge海绵tissue绵纸，纸巾toiletpaper卫生纸toiletroll卫生纸卷桶toilet盥洗室，马桶toothbrush牙刷toothpaste牙膏[ˈtu:θˌpeɪst] towel毛巾[ˈtauəl] washingmachine洗衣机waterheater/boiler热水器warmbath热水澡学术场景词汇CampusLife学校生活welcomepackage入学或旅游时收到的欢迎辞Reception招待会，接待处orientation新生入学教育会[ˌɔ:rienˈteiʃən] accommodation住宿homestay寄宿于当地人家里studenthostel学生公寓，学生宿舍dormitory寝室roomallocation房间分配flat/apartment公寓（出租给学生）oncampus住校offcampus不住校studentunion学生会auditor iu m大礼堂[ˌɔ:diˈtɔ:riəm] resourcecentre资料中心gym体育馆cafeteria自助餐厅refectory学院餐厅[rɪˈfektəri:] canteen食堂[kænˈti:n] commonroom（学校）休息室modernsportsfacilities现代体育设施specializedsportsfacilities专门体育设施eGperimentalfacilities实验设施labequipment实验器材busing校车接送studentunion学生会fraternity（美）大学兄弟会enrollment入学注册registration登记，报到ˌredʒɪˈstreɪʃən]noticeboard布告栏（英国用noticeboard，北美用bulletinboard）留学生通常会遇到的问题attendance出勤，出席deadline最后期限playhooky/playtruant[ˈtru:ənt]逃课eGtension延期（无法按时交作业）academicdishonesty学术欺诈行为plagiarism剽窃，抄袭[ˈpleɪdʒəˌrɪzəm]cheating考试作弊doublesubmissionofpapers试卷重复使用aidingandabettingdishonesty协助学术欺诈fabrication伪造成绩，捏造行为falsificationofrecords篡改成绩socialproblems社会问题：Homesick 想家，Lonely孤独academicproblems学习问题：Cannotmeetthedeadline不能在最后期限内完成任务，Managetimebetter合理管理时间distantdeadline离最后期限还有段时间dropoutrate辍学率feedback反馈stresslevels压力程度stressmanagement压力管理possiblecausesofstress压力来源powerlessness无力感copingwithstress缓解压力Courses课程academicyear学年schoolcalendar校历，大学情况一览schoolcatalog[ˈkætəlɔɡ] academiccalendar校历，大学情况一览yearbook毕业留念册term/semester学期（一学期四个月，一学年两学期）quarter/trimester学季（一学期三个月，一学年三学期）orientation新生和老师的见面会course课程（包括上课，作业，考试等）crashprogram/intensivecourse速成课程，强化课程majorcourse/mandatorycourse主修课程electivecourse/optionalcourse选修课correspondencecourse函授课程[ˌkɔrisˈpɔndəns] introductorycourse基础入门课程coreprogram核心课程advancedcourse高级课程intermediatecourse中级课程beginningcourse入门课程basiccourse基础课程compulsory/obligatory/requiredc ourse必修课specializedcourse专业课survivalcourse生存课程ˈsɪləbəs] curriculum全部课程（集合）[kəˈrikjuləm]eGtracurricular课外课程major主修minor辅修lecture讲课，讲座tutorial（英）个别辅导课seminar研讨会，研讨班课程[ˈseminɑ:]fieldtrip实地考察课程internship实习，见习Studies&Tests学习考试Universityguide大学指南lecture授课session课程，时间readingsession阅读课assignment/project课外作业，工作任务presentation陈述，口头作业give/deliveraspeech作演讲[ˈesei]essay/theme[ˈesei]论文，作文termpapers学期论文thesis毕业论文dissertation毕业论文（尤指博士）entranceeGamination入学考试assessment评估achievementtest/standardizedtest 标准化测试[ˈstændəˌdaizd] placementtest入学分级测试aptitudetest能力测试midtermtest/midtermeGam期中考试finaleGam期末考试openbookeGam开卷考试closed-bookeGam闭卷考试multiple-choicetest选择题考试poptest抽试oraltest口试quiz小测试publicskills大众技能publiceGamination公共考试failurerate不及格率answerquestions/oraldefense答辩(通常论文的考核形式）academicrecords/transcript学术成绩，成绩报告researchmethod研究方法（写论文的前期准备）slidepresentation幻灯片演讲OHP=overheadprojector投影仪visualaids视觉辅助[ˈviʒuəl] whiteboard白板teGtbook教材second-bookteGtbooks二手教材handout讲义questionnaire问卷调查interview访谈，采访in-depthcasestudy案例深入分析observation观察研究（多用于科学实验）bibliography[ˌbibliˈɔɡrəfi]参考文献，书目pass-fail考查课，有及格分数线的考试creditsystem学分系统，积分成绩senseofachievement成就感tutorial/seminar小组讨论studyclub学习小组result/score/mark/record/assessm ent/appraisal成绩[əˈpreizəl] record成绩；记录；唱片tape/cassette磁带[kəˈset,kæ-] cassetterecorder卡带式录音机videotape录像带letterofrecommendation推荐信takenotes记笔记note-taking(这个词组的发音很像notaking，一定要注意)hit引人注意的东西，技巧readinghits阅读技巧Teachingstaff教学人员faculty院系，教职员工[ˈfækəlti] tutor（英）导师，家教instructor（美）助教，讲师lecturer讲师[ˈlektʃəə] assistantprofessor助理教授associateprofessor副教授coordinator课程协调老师schoolconsultant/adviser指导老师，校顾问studentteacher实习教师（在校生）[ˈli:eɪˌzɔn,li:ˈeɪ-]liaisonofficer校联络人员departmentalhead/chairperson系主任dean（大学学院）院长principal/chancellor/universitypres ident[ˈtʃɑ:nsələ]（大学）校长headmaster/headmistress（中小学）校长Students学生flatmate/roommate室友undergraduate/undergrad本科生graduate毕业生，研究生postgraduate/graduatestudent研究生freshman大学或高中一年级新生sophomore[ˈsɔfəmɔ:]大学或高中二年级学生junior大学或高中三年级学生senior大学或高中四年级学生underclassman大学一、二年级学生upperclassman大学三、四年级学生alumnus/alumni(pl.)（美）校友（男）alumna/alumnae(pl.)（美）校友（女）eGchangestudent交换学生（留学生为主）local/resident/domesticstudent当地学生overseasstudent留学生[ˈfeləu]fellowstudent同学TA/teachingassistant助教（以研究生为主）peeradviser高年级学生顾问floorsenior寝室楼负责人（高年级学生为主）studentunionofficer学生会工作人员presidentofstudentunion学生会主席vice-presidentofstudentunion学生会副主席intern实习生Diploma&Degreecertificate证书diploma文凭，毕业证书degree学位bachelor’sdegree/undergraduatedegree学士学位[ˈbætʃələ]master’sdegree硕士学位doctorate博士头衔B.A./BachelorofArtsdegree文学学士学位B.S./BachelorofSciencedegree理学学士学位M.A./MasterofArtsdegree文学硕士学位M.S./MasterofSciencedegree理学硕士学位M.D./DoctorofMedicine医学博士Ph.D./DoctorofPhilosophy博士postdoctoral博士后（研究人员）[ˈɔnəˌreri:]honorarydegree荣誉学位Graduationannouncements毕业典礼请柬Educationsystem教育制度preschooleducation学前教育pre-elementaryeducation学前教育elementaryeducation/primaryedu 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Appliedmathematics/science应用数学/科学Archaeology考古学Architecture建筑学Arts文科Finearts美术Astronomy天文学(astrology占星术)Biology生物学Chemistry化学Discipline纪律，学科Finance金融学Geography地理学geographiclocation地理位置History历史（historian历史学家）Law法学Linguistics语言学MassMedia大众传媒学Microbiology微生物学Philosophy哲学Photojournalism摄影新闻学Physics物理学Physiology生理学Politics政治学Psycholinguistics心理语言学psychologicalpatients心理有病的人Psychology心理学SchoolofArtsandScience文理学院Science理科(lifescience生命科学) Sociology社会学Statistics统计学Environmentalstudies环境学Environmentalscience环境科学environmentally-friendly环保的respectthelocalenvironment保护当地环境paper/essay论文theoryofapplication应用理论applicationform申请表dissertation/thesis[ˈθi:sis]学位论文project研究课题（通常是学期作业）videoproject录像作业draft草稿[drɑ:ft]script手稿abstract/summary摘要bibliography参考书目[ˌθiəˈretikəl]theoreticalbackgroun d理论背景chapter章节[ˈtʃæptə]topic话题indeG索引[ˈindeks]outline/essayplan/mind map大纲（写论文前先列给导师的论文提纲或思路）keyword关键词conclusion结论论文写作方法method/approach/strategy 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雅思阅读预测真题库6参考答案
T-Rex HunterTRUE/FALSE/NOTGIVEN//TRUE/NOTGIVEN/TRUE/FALSEshin bone/slow walker/cheetah/run fast/blunt/crushThe British Bitternii/v/viii/i/vi/iii/iv1950s/shy/starvation/fish/otter/BTravel AccountsPersian wars/allies/geographical knowledge/pilgrimage/Buddhist teachers/colonies/principles/wealthyD/B/A/C/D/DTasmanian Tiger Extinction Is Forever?striped coat/Australia/4000 years/Tasmania/European(settlers)/captivity E/F/A/D/B/A/C/DThe Ant and the MandarinE/G/C/D/B/TRUE/FALSE/FALSE/TRUE/TRUE/NOTGIVEN/TRUE/NOT GIVENAsian Space--Satellite Technologyiv/vii/iii/x/ii/ixB/D/AFALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/FALSEThomas Harriot --The Discovery of Refractionx/v/ix/iii/viimagnification/a prism(prisms)/language/ship design/rainbow refraction(refraction in rainbow)D/B/E/ASmell and Memory-Smells Like YesterdayA/B/A/C/C/D/B/C/Ccreate a story/brain scans/olfactory cortex/spiceFlight from RealityNavigation and communications/radiation/antennae/smokeC/D/B/E/ATRUE/TRUE/NOT GIVEN/TRUEWhat Are You Laughing at?D/B/A/C/B/A/H/F/I/DFALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUESongs of StonesNOT GIVEN/TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/TRUE/TRUE Stonemason/Gian Giorgio Trissino/Inigo Jones/Temple(architecture)/Quattro Libri dell’Architettura/benevolent calmFather of Modern Managementv/iii/ix/i/viii/iiNOT GIVEN/TRUE/TRUE/FALSEAE/BD----------------------------------------------------98 The Innovation of Grocery StoresD/A/F/C/Eclerk/lobby/galleries/stockroom/customers/shoppersC/B/CCoral ReefsA/C/A/D/E/DTRUE/TRUE/NOT GIVEN/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/NOT GIVENBCharles Darwin’s Theory and Frinchesdrought/large seeds/heavy rains/small seeds/wetter weather/smaller bills/medium-sized bills/riceFALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUE/FALSE/TRUEThe Secrets of PersuasionNOT GIVEN/TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVENB/B/B/A/G/D/F/B/IThe Culture of ChimpanzceH /J /I /K/G(Inthe) 1960s /Tanzania /(close) observation/observers /(A) culture origin NOT GIVEN /TURE /TURE /FALSE /FALSEExtinct Giant Deer Survied Ice AgeThe Mozart EffectD/G/B/A/Fshort/complex/ratsTRUE/FALSE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN/TRUEElephant Communicationhammer/body/toe/Pad/Cavities/trunks and feet/infrasonic/ecology/seimic messages/acoustic communication/mate/ground/A/B。
2020年雅思考试预测机经（听力+阅读）
2020年雅思考试预测机经（听⼒+阅读）2020年1⽉4⽇雅思考试预测机经听⼒部分2020年1⽉听⼒重点为⼤家整理出了20篇复习题⽬，s1,s4以填空题为主，s2,s3以选择题为主。
考察的答案词汇已为⼤家整理出词汇表并附⾳频。
Section1预测重点（5篇）主题提⽰：迪拜的“⼟豪国际学校”主题提⽰：社区新移民咨询主题提⽰：⽣态农场预定主题提⽰：驾驶学校的驾照申请Section2预测重点（5篇）主题提⽰：沉船博物馆主题提⽰：澳洲野⽣动物园主题提⽰：租房信息主题提⽰：成为旅游景点的railway主题提⽰：名叫eyesaver的慈善组织介绍Section3预测重点（5篇）主题提⽰：公司研发创新专利流程的company’spatent application主题提⽰：⽕⼭的知识讲座主题提⽰：坐车上学家庭⼉童肥胖案例研究主题提⽰：Paul’s tutorial主题提⽰：⼥⼈要求换课程（两个表格填空）主题提⽰:公司创新专利申请Section4预测重点（5篇）主题提⽰：Pay-as-you-go主题提⽰：Biomasses development主题提⽰：Red imported fire ants主题提⽰：Ancient language learning主题提⽰：⼈类嗅觉的研究Section1主题提⽰：迪拜的“⼟豪国际学校”International school in Dubai1-10)completions1.location of school:is opposite to a golf course2.meet the class supervisor:on Wednesday他想和⽼师见⾯，约定在周三12点153.school uniform:blue skirt4.early:breakfast5.class time:7.15-12.40原⽂是课程开始是~，但是学校是2点钟关门/doc/49556f9c7d192279168884868762caaedd33bac2.html ter this week activities:swimming 之前会说以前举办的活动是什么，然后说这周的活动7.provide piano lessonsSpanish course8.age from7son is89.also have a science teacher10.telephone number:044298611Section1主题提⽰：社区新移民咨询PDA details1-10)completions1.exceptions can be made if your doctor get permission2.who have a yearly income under$250003.be a resident of the community4.must be entrain age(yet not a senior)5.have a job that is permanent6.for those who have no insurance7.should provide an identification showing your address8.have to submit your document from a bank to check9.you are up to date with your tax10.telephone:186********Section1主题提⽰：⽣态农场预定A woman called to book aeco-farm1.family name:Pennington2.e-mail address:Helen@/doc/49556f9c7d192279168884868762caaedd33bac2.htmlJohn@/doc/49556f9c7d192279168884868762caaedd33bac2.html 官⽅出题两个答案交替考3.home address:66Lake Road4.the source of information:radio5.membership number:ID UK765024EGContrast her family and the club member:Section1主题提⽰:驾驶学校的驾照申请Applying a driver’s license1-10）completionSection1主题提⽰：慈善晚餐charity host1-10）completion1.charity style:Newwith no experience before2.address:Grant Street3.postal code:********4.family style:housing5.厨具stew and microwave6.clean-up:dishwasher7.park place:drive waynot on side street8.charity name:garden project9.the nearest bus route:No.1310.the news come from one neighborSection2主题提⽰：沉船博物馆11-16)Multiple Choices11Which River was the sunk ship built?A Ohio RiverB MississippiC Missouri12Why did it sink?A collided with a piece of woodB collided with another boatC collided with a hard rock13The reason of difficulties for finding the sunk wreckage isA it lost in too much depthB the river had changed the courseC暂缺14What they found in the box?A foodB gold and silver coinsC footwear15Where did they find it?A farmhouseB a corner of the field barnC near an old machinery16The museum was established byA a businessmanB city state councilC community of local17-20)MatchingA a bottle of perfume as souvenirB a toyC a woman dress in traditional designed clothD a film about Blue Moon GreyE a small piece made into boat modelF a film book with pictures and stories17gift shop F18figure C19photo framing E20the real Blue Moon ASection2主题提⽰：澳洲野⽣动物园11-15)Multiple Choice11New activity in June in Australia Zoo is A visitors can see animals at nights B暂缺C people usually hold parties there12The most popular presentation is aboutA kangarooB koalaC snake13What is the tip of feeding Kangaroo?A feed a lot of food to many of themB touch baby kangaroosC stand up straight14Why the section of wild dog was closed?A enclosure is being repairedB wild dogs are unwellC wild dogs haven’t arrived15Where can visitors get discount this year?A photo shopB暂缺C暂缺16-20)Map Matching16Arena17Educational Place18Picnic Spot19Photo Shop20Gift ShopSection2主题提⽰：租房信息11-14)MatchingA flatB houseC hostel11with a garden A12each with a garage A13security with alarming system B 14new furniture B 15-20)Map Matching15bank16house17hostel18flat19post office20bus stopSection2主题提⽰：成为旅游景点的railway11-15)Multiple Choices11Why does the railway trip interests people?A the engine is so smallB it has a lot of viewsC暂缺12Why the railway station was closed?A no much mining industryB transferring to transport goods and peopleC暂缺13What is the new attraction of the park facilities?A a playground for childrenB a dining areaC a new look for visitors14The park is now run byA international volunteersB a charity organismC a local private businessman15题⽬暂缺can hire bicycles16题⽬暂缺opens all year around17-20)Matching17A(good start point for a walk path)18D(on the accommodation)19E(good view point to see wildlife)20C(excellent food to enjoy)Section2主题提⽰：名叫eyesaver的慈善组织介绍11-16)Multiple Choices11Eyesaver was founded forA15yearsB30yearsC60years12The original aim of insight objects isA offer equipment with little techniquesB offer children who got eye diseaseC offer operational help13The main funding comes fromA final pay every monthB donation from peopleC money collected on the street14Listener needs toA receive glasses from patientsB gives money donationC check website15The main aim of this program is toA show people how easy their small donation can make big differences（有争议）B show people how easy eyes problems can be cured（有争议）C XX eye disease16How does the speaker advertise the program?A recordingsB computersC training17-20)Matching17for XX E（more significant）18for elder people D（ads or equipment）19for educational institution C（link with academic institutions）20for young children B（link with school students）Section3主题提⽰：公司研发创新专利流程的company’s patent application21-26)Matching21Copyright---F（automatically create awarded）22Patent draft---D（help from external expert）23Trade mark---B（increase confidence of company’s product）24Design---G（used by telecommunication company）25Circuit---C（cannot be used oversea）26Company trade secrets---A（sign a special contract）27-30)Matchingflow chartSection3主题提⽰:⽕⼭的知识讲座Volcano presentation21-25)Matching⽕⼭和说明的配对26-30)multiple choices26Ekri(⼥)the area has been neglectedB he does not understand the main reason27关于怎么选择材料问⼥的Erick准备加什么？A part of documentaryB photographs including in the handoutsC via internet video film programs28关于“dead”和“dormant”两个词的in order toA help distinguish between scientific and popular term29那个⼥同学last presentation被教授认为不⾜的原因是A not in deep discussionB lack of sufficient dataC not developed personal own point30⽕⼭的volcanoes benefitsA it is not fully exploitedB overweighC it is not recognizedSection3主题提⽰:坐车上学家庭⼉童肥胖案例研究Research about children who are driven to school by their parents 21-26)Multiple Choices21why为什么要研究这个？the main idea of the paper?C increase children obesity22why care about exercise instead of diet?A already know something about exerciseB less in known about exerciseC it is easier to collect the data of exercise23有个问题是问教授的观点opinion?A more incidents of the crimesB more awareness of the crimesC more accurate statistics data24⽗母开车送孩⼦parents driving children to and from school leads toA more accident and congestionB the increase of two-cars in familyC there were more awareness on crimes25current problem met y early researchers?学⽣说不知道如何着⼿not knowing where to start27-28)多选题选择experiment调查样本怎么样的对照组reference criteriaA brothers andsistersB****C similar ageD the same distance to schoolsE varying height and weight29-30)多选题男孩expectto discover…from students who walk to school A less rate of being obese B⾛路去学校的⼩孩有什么不⼀样C more sports activitiesD在学校表现less energeticSection3主题提⽰:Paul’s tutorial学⽣Paul参加⼀个⼥⽼师意见的教学反馈21-25)multiple choices21是tutor认为男⽣的topic很特别第⼀个怎么⼿机数据选B tape-recording22tutor建议男⽣应该C involve more respondents23男⽣获得useful topic materials given by tutors的途径？A websiteB是运⽤APPC从seminar classD journal24employer什么情况下同意员⼯flexible work hour?C meet a requirement this term25下个学期（next semester）什么让学⽣excited?A prospect of learning new thingsB learn in adifferent way26-30)Matching题⽬给了6个选项26Friday morning:career opportunity just for graduate27Saturday morning:raise your question28Saturday afternoon:how to attend an interview29Saturday evening:personal statement and resume20Sunday morning:publish an articleSection3主题提⽰:⼥⼈要求换课程（两个表格填空）Table表格1：Original Course Title:21Economic HistoryBegin at:22last SeptemberShe want to change:the First Option:23PoliticsThe2nd Option:24PhilosophyTable2Three Major Problems:29Next visiting time:17th February for feedback;this date,tutor will not be in school,thus she can go to contact30Senior AdvisorSection4主题提⽰：Pay-as-you-goExample:dentist31.how to charge the lawyer32.method of payment depends on what personality33.type of customs used:formal and private34.⼀种one-time payment:付费的“insurance”effect35.另⼀种出租是：⽤多少付多少the“taxi”effect36.period of10weeks37.take the gym as example people overestimate consideration of cost rather than quality38.you can get online brochure or post monthly per booklet39.collect data with satisfaction in consumers40.when doing…it helps offer the customers a calculatorSection4主题提⽰：Biomasses developmentBackground:Advantages31.Biomasses fuel on finance:product at no cost32.convenience and easy to handle and storeProduction33.materials processed as powder form34.need add some substances,like starch35.mixture with different shapes e.g.holes36.only need input a little energy of electricityApplications37.in USA and Europe,biomasses already used in agriculture38.In China,year2002,there are already600factories39.In Uganda,biomasses are applied mainly in researches and business40.in the future,it is predicted that the demand will increaseSection4主题提⽰：Red imported fire ants31.fire ants live in environment except for desert and artic areas32.carried in soil with farming equipment33.fire ants was first found in Brisbane in2001,itis near the port34.often being found under rocks35.aided by well-trained dogs36.prevent people from getting water they need37.camera wired to a helicopter38.insecticide and bait mixed with corn39.reduce the use of sports supportfacilities40.damage the electrical systemSection4主题提⽰：Ancient language learning31.Lingua Franca need to know the background of an existing language32.The language itself can promote the global commerce33.The grammar is a standard34.One example people are familiar is Greek35.Pidgin was created for children36.It has many limitations37.RussnOrsk is a mixture of two different languages38.Creole is an entirely invented new language39.The language is very advanced compels40.It has a lot of rare vocabularySection4主题提⽰：⼈类嗅觉的研究From previous research31.the animal of monkeys32.can smell tiny chemical33.can easily know it is chocolate34.the smell of orange in a nightclub35.detect fear in the man’s sweat36.Not good at finding the source of a smellReasons why smell is important37.cannot be very accurate38.recall the memories of childhood best39.whether we are in emotion of sad40.for people good at smelling spices阅读部分Human Remain In GREEN SAHARAA On October13,2,000,a small team of paleontologists led by Paul Sereno of the University of Chicago clambered out of three battered Land Rovers,filled their water bottles,and scattered on foot across the toffee-colored sands of the Tenere desert in northern Niger.The Tenere,on the southern flank of the Sahara,easily ranks among the most desolate landscapes on Earth.The Tuareg,turbaned nomads who for centuries-have ruled this barren realm,refer to it as a"desert within a desert"a California-size ocean of sand and rock,where a single massivedune might stretch a hundred miles,and the combinationof120-degreeheat andinexorable winds can wick the water from a human body in less than a day.The harsh conditions,combined with intermittent conflict between the Tuareg and the Niger government,have kept the region largely unexploredB Mike Hettwer,a photographer accompanying the team,headed off by himself toward a trio of small dunes.He crested the first slope and stared in amazement.The dunes were spilling over with bones.He took a few shots with his digital camera and hurried back to the Hettwer said Land Rovers."I found some bones:when the team had regrouped."But they're not dinosaurs.They are human.’’C In the spring of2005Sereno contacted Elena Garcea,an archaeologist at the University of Cassino,in Italy,invitingher to accompany him on a return to the site Garcea had spent three decades working digs along the Nilein Sudan and in the mountains of the Libyan Desert and was well acquainted with the ancient peoples of the Sahara.But she had neverheard of Paul Sereno.His claim to have found so many skeletons in one place seemed far fetched,given that no other Neolithic cemetery contained more than a dozen or so.Some archaeologists would later be skeptical;one sniped that he was just a"moonlighting paleontologist."But Garcea was too intrigued to dismiss him as an interloper.She agreed to join him.D Garcea explained that the Kiffian were a fishing-based culture and lived during the earliest wetperiod,between8,000and10,000years ago.She held a Kiffian sherd next to a Tenerian one."Whatis so amazing is that the people who made these two pots lived morethan a thousand years apart.E Over the next three weeks,Sereno and Garcea--along with five American excavators,five Tuareg guides,and five soldiers from Niger's army,sent to protect the camp from bandits--made adetailed map of the site,which they dubbed Gobero,after the Tuareg name for the area.They exhumed eight burials and collected scores of artifacts from both cultures.In a dry lake bed adjacent to the dunes,they found dozens offishhooks and harpoons carved from animal bone.Apparently the Kiffian fishermenweren't just going after small fry:Scattered near the dunes were the remains of Nile perch,a beast of a fish that can weigh near300pounds,as well ascrocodile and hippo bones.F Sereno flew home with the most important skeletons and artifacts and immediately began planning for the next field season.In the/meantime,he carefully removed one tooth from each of four skulls and sent them to a lab for radiocarbon dating.The results pegged the age of the tightly bundled burials at roughly9,000years old,the heart of the Kiffian era.The smaller sleeping"skeletons turned out to be about6,000years old,well withinthe Tenerian period.At least now the scientists knew who was who.G In the fall of2006they returned to Gobero,accompanied by a larger dig crew and six additional scientists.Garcea hoped to excavate some80burials,and the team began digging.As the skeletonsbegan to emerge from the dunes,each presented a fresh riddle,especially the Tenerian.A male skeleton had been buried with a finger in his mouth.H Even at the site,Arizona StateUniversity bioarchaeologist Chris Stojanowski could begin to piece together someclues.Judging by the bones,the Kiffian appeared to be a peaceful,hardworking people."The lack of head and forearm injuries suggests they were not doing much fighting,he told me."And these guy were strong."He pointed to a long,narrow ridge running along a femur.That's the muscle attachment,"he said."This individual had hu.eg muscles,which means he was eating a lot of protein and had a strenuous lifestyle both consistent with a fishing way of life."For contrast,he showed me the femur of a Tenerianmale.The ridge was barely perceptible."This guy had a much less strenuouslifestyle,"he said,"which you might expect of a herderI Stojanowski's assessment that theTenerian were herders fit the prevailing view among scholars of life in theSahara6,000years ago,when drier conditions favored herding over hunting.Butif the Tenerian were herders,Sereno pointed out,where were the herds?Amongthe hundreds of animal bones that had turned up at the site,none belonged to goats or sheep and only three came from a cow species."It's not unusual for a herding culture not to slaughter their cattle,particularly in a cemetery,M Garcea responded,noting that even modern pastoralists,such as igersWodaabe,are loath to butcher even one animal in their herd.Perhaps,Serenoreasoned,the Tenerian at Gobero were a transitional group that had not fully adopted herding and still relied heavily on hunting and fishing.J Back in Arizona,Stojanowski continues toanalyze the Gobero bones for clues to the Green Saharans'health and diet.Other scientists are trying to derive DNA from the teeth,which could revealthe genetic origins of the Kiffian and Tenerian-and possibly link them to descendants livingtoday.Sereno and Garcea estimate a hundred burials remainto be excavated.But as the harsh Tenere winds continue to erode the dunes,time is running out."Every archaeological site has a life cycle,"Garcea said."It begins when people begin to use the place,followedby disuse,then nature takes over,and finally it is gone.Gobero is at the endof its life.”Questions1-3Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading PassageIn boxes I-3on your answer sheet,writeTRUE if the statement agrees with the informationFALSE if the statement contradicts the informationNOT GIVEN if there is no information in the passageI Hettwer accidently found human remains in the desert2Sereno and Garcea have cooperated in some archaeological activities before3The pictures of rock engravings found in Green Sahara is similar to other places Questions4-7Answer the questions belowChoose No MORE THAN THREE WORDS AND/OR A NUMBER from the Passage for each answer4What did Sereno and Garcea produce in the initial weeks before digging work?5For what purpose did Sereno send one tooth from each of four skulls to the laboratory?6How old is the bigger tightly bundled burials being identified?7What part of the body remains did the scientists send for inspection to find out the genetic origins of the Kiffian and Tenerian?Questions8-14SummaryComplete the following summary of theparagraphs of Reading Passage,using no more than two words from theReading Passage for each answer.Write your answers in boxes8--14on youranswer sheet.On the basis of bone judgment,kiffican seemed to be a8___hardworking people,because we did not find9___on head and forearm.Through observation of the huge leg muscles,it can be inferred that their diet had plenty of10___,and their lifestyle was11___.All evidence pointed compliance with a fishing way of life.On the other hand,Stojanowski presumed that Tenerian preferred to live herding over12___,but only some animal bones such as13___were found,which Sereno supposed that Tenerian at Gobero lived in a14___groupat that time.Answers：1.TRUE2.FALSE3.NOT GIVEN4.map/a map5.radiocarbon dating6.9000years7.teeth8.peaceful9.injuries10.protein11.strenuous12.hunting13.cow species14.transitional写作部分●Since money for postgraduate research is limited,some people think financial support fromthe government should only be provided for scientific research rather than the research for less useful subjects.To what extent do you agree or disagree?★●In recent years,pressure on school and university students have been increasing and they arepushed to work very hard from a young age.Do you think this is a positive or negativedevelopment?★★★●Some people believe that in order to improve educational quality,we should encouragestudents to make comments or even criticism on their teachers,but others think it will lead to the loss of respect and discipline in the classroom.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.★★●Many customs and traditional ways of behavior are no longer relevant to modern life and notworth keeping.Do you agree or disagree?★★★●Some people who have been in prison become good citizens later.Some people think thatthey are the best people to talk to school students the danger of committing a crime.Do you agree or disagree?★★●Many countries believe that international tourism has harmful effects.Why do they thinkso?What can be done to change their views?★●Today,newspapers and televisions are giving detailed descriptions of crimes.Some peoplebelieve such a practice will cause bad consequences and thus media should be restricted.To what extent do you agree or disagree?★★★●New parents should attend parenting courses to bring up their children well.To what extentdo you agree or disagree?★★★●Some people think young people are not suitable for important positions in the government，while other people think it is a good idea for young people to take on these positions.Discuss both views and give your own opinion.★★★●Many animal species in the world are becoming extinct nowadays.Some people say thatcountries and individuals should protect these animals from dying out,while others say we should concentrate more on problems of human beings.Discuss both views and give your opinion.★★★●More and more companies are allowing employees to work at home.Do you think this is apositive or negative development?★。
雅思阅读机经真题解析--CosmeticsInAncientPast
雅思阅读机经真题解析--CosmeticsInAncientPast为了帮助大家在备考雅思的时候能够练习到更多的真题材料，下面小编给大家带来雅思阅读机经真题解析--Cosmetics In Ancient Past，望喜欢！雅思阅读机经真题解析--Cosmetics In Ancient PastASince cosmetics and perfumes are still in wide use today, it is interesting to compare the attitudes, customs and beliefs related to them in ancient times to those of our own day and age. Cosmetics and perfumes have been popular since the dawn of civilization; it is shown by the discovery of a great deal of pertinent archeological material, dating from the third millennium BC. Mosaics, glass perfume flasks, stone vessels, ovens, cooking-pots, clay jars, etc., some inscribed by the hand of the artisan. evidence also appears in the Bible and other classical writings, where it is written that spices and perfumes were prestigious products known throughout the ancient world and coveted by kings and princes. The written and pictorial descriptions, as well as archaeological findings, all show how important body care and aesthetic appearance were in the lives of the ancient people. The chain of evidence spans many centuries, detailing the usage of cosmetics in various cultures from the earliest period of recorded history.BIn antiquity, however, at least in the onset, cosmetics served in religious ceremonies and for healing purposes. Cosmetics were also connected with cultic worship and witchcraft: to appease the various gods, fragrant ointments were applied to the statuary images and even to their attendants. From this, in the course oftime, developed the custom of personal use, to enhance the beauty of the face and the body, and to conceal defects.CPerfumes and fragrant spices were precious commodities in antiquity, very much in demand, and at times even exceeded silver and gold in value. Therefore they were luxury products, used mainly in the temples and in the homes of the noble and the wealthy. The Judean kings kept them in treasure houses (2 Kings 20:13).And the Queen of Sheba brought to Solomon "camels laden with spices, gold in great quantity and precious stones." (1 Kings 10:2,10). However, within time, the use of cosmetics became the custom of that period. The use of cosmetics became widespread among the lower classes as well as among the wealthy; in the same way they washed the body, so they used to care for the body with substances that softened the skin and anoint it with fragrant oils and ointments.DFacial treatment was highly developed and women devoted many hours to it. They used to spread various scented creams on the face and to apply makeup in vivid and contrasting colors. An Egyptian papyrus from the 16th century BC contains detailed recipes to remove blemishes, wrinkles, and other signs of age. Greek and Roman women would cover their faces in the evening with a "beauty mask" to remove blemishes, which consisted mainly of flour mixed with fragrant spices, leaving it on their face all night. The next morning they would wash it off with asses' milk. The very common creams used by women in the ancient Far East, particularly important in the hot climate and prevalent in that area of the globe, were made up of oils and aromatic scents. Sometimes the oil in these creams was extracted from olives,almonds, gourds, sesame, or from trees and plants; but, for those of limited means, scented animal and fish fats were commonly used.EWomen in ancient past commonly put colors around their eyes. Besides beautification, its purpose was also medicinal as covering the sensitive skin of the lids with colored ointments that prevented dryness and eye diseases: the eye-paint repelled the little flies that transmitted eye inflammations. Egyptian women colored the upper eyelid black and the lower one green, and painted the space between the upper lid and the eyebrow gray or blue. The women of Mesopotamia favored yellows and reds. The use of kohl for painting the eyes is mentioned three times in the Bible, always with disapproval by the sages (2 Kings, 9:30; Jeremiah 4:30; Ezekiel 23:40). In contrast, Job names one of his daughters “Keren Happukh” —“horn of eye paint” (Job 42:14) FGreat importance was attached to the care for hair in ancient times. Long hair was always considered a symbol of beauty, and kings, nobles and dignitaries grew their hair long and kept it well-groomed and cared for. Women devoted much time to the style of the hair, while not culling, they would apply much care to it by arranging it skillfully in plaits and "building it up" sometimes with the help of wigs. Egyptian women generally wore their hair flowing down to their shoulders or even longer. In Mesopotamia, women cherished long hair as a part of their beauty, and hair flowing down their backs in a thick plait and tied with a ribbon is seen in art. Assyrian women wore their hair shorter, braiding and binding it in a bun at the back. In Ancient Israel, brides would wear their hair long on the wedding day as a sign of their virginity.Ordinary people and slaves, however, usually wore their hair short, mainly for hygienic reasons, since they could not afford to invest in the kind of treatment that long hair required.GFrom the Bible and Egyptian and Assyrian sources, as well as the words of classical authors, it appears that the centers of the trade in aromatic resins and incense were located in the kingdom of Arabia, and even as far as India, where some of these precious aromatic plants were grown. "Dealers from Sheba and Rammah dealt with you, offering the choicest spices..." (Ezekiel 27:22). The Nabateans functioned as the important middlemen in this trade; Palestine also served as a very important component, as the trade routes crisscrossed the country. It is known that the Egyptian Queen Hatsheput (15th century BC) sent a royal expedition to the Land of Punt (Somalia) in order to bring back myrrh seedlings to plant in her temple. In Assyrian records of tribute and spoils of war, perfumes and resins are mentioned; the text from the time of Tukulti-Ninurta II (890-884 BC) refers to balls of myrrh as part of the tribute brought to the Assyrian king by the Aramaean kings. The trade in spices and perfumes is also mentioned in the Bible as written in Genesis (37:25-26), "Camels carrying gum tragacanth and balm and myrrh".Questions 15-21Reading Passage 2 has 7 paragraphs A-G.Which paragraph contains the following information?Write your answers in boxes 15-21 on your answer sheet.15 recipes to conceal facial defects caused by aging16 perfumes were presented to conquerors in war17 long hair of girls had special meanings in marriage18 evidence exists in abundance showing cosmetics use inancient times19 protecting eyes from fly-transmitted diseases20 from witchcraft to beautification21 more expensive than goldQuestions 22-27Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 2?In boxes 22-27 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement is trueFALSE if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage22 The written record for cosmetics and perfumes dates back to the third millennium BC.23 Since perfumes and spices were luxury products, their use was exclusive to the noble and the wealthy.24 In ancient Far East, fish fats were used as cream by women from poor households.25 The teachings in the Bible were repeatedly against the use of kohl for painting the eyes.26 Long hair as a symbol of beauty was worn solely by women of ancient cultures.27 The Egyptian Queen Hatsheput sent a royal expedition to Punt to establish a trade route for myrrh.文章题目：古代化妆Cosmetics In Ancient Past篇章结构体裁论说文题目古代化妆结构A段：化妆品和香水在古代就已经非常流行B段：化妆品最早用于宗教和治疗目的C段：香水和香料在古代是奢侈品，但仍被广泛使用D段：古时面部护理十分发达，女性广泛使用面霜和面膜E段：古代女性也将色彩涂在眼睛周围F段：古代人们非常重视头发的保养G段：古代的香料运输及贸易Cosmetics In Ancient Past试题分析Question 1题目类型：题号定位词文中对应点题目解析15 recipe; age D段第四句D段主要在讲古代女性非常重视面部护理，第三句话提到一份埃及莎草纸上记载了去除面部瑕疵的方法，这句话中的recipes to remove blemishes...other signs of age可以对应题干中的recipe和facial defects caused by aging，故此题选D。
雅思阅读机经真题解析-Novice and Expert
雅思阅读机经真题解析-Novice and Expert小站独家，雅思阅读机经真题解析。
一切患有雅思阅读刷题强迫症的烤鸭，请看这里。
小站精心整理了一批雅思阅读机经真题。
如果你的剑桥雅思阅读已是烂熟于心，那么这一系列的雅思阅读机经真题真的很适合你，搭配上绝对原创的讲解，还有全文的中文翻译，这等阅读大餐，还等什么!You should spend about 20 minutes on Question 14-26 which are based on Reading Passage below.Becoming an ExpertExpertise is commitment coupled with creativity. Specifically, it is the commitment of time, energy, and resources to a relatively narrow field of study and the creative energy necessary to generate new knowledge in that field. It takes a considerable amount of time and regular exposure to a large number of cases to become an expert.AAn individual enters a field of study as a novice. The novice needs to learn the guiding principles and rules of a given task in order to perform that task. Concurrently, the novice needs to be exposed to specific cases, or instances, that test the boundaries of such heuristics. Generally, a novice will find a mentor to guide her through the process. A fairly simple example would be someone learning to play chess. The novice chess player seeks a mentor to teach her the object of the game, the number of spaces, the names of the pieces, the function of each piece, how each piece is moved, and the necessary conditions for winning or losing the game.BIn time, and with much practice, the novice begins to recognize patterns of behavior within cases and. thus, becomes a journeyman. With more practice and exposure to increasingly complex cases, the journeyman finds patterns not only within cases but also between cases. More importantly, the journeyman learns that these patterns often repeat themselves over time. The journeyman still maintains regular contact with a mentor to solve specific problems and learn more complex strategies. Returning to the example of the chess player, the individual begins to learn patterns of opening moves, offensive and defensive game-playing strategies, and patterns of victory and defeat.CWhen a journeyman starts to make and test hypotheses about future behavior based on past experiences, she begins the next transition. Once she creatively generates knowledge, rather than simply matching superficial patterns, she becomes an expert. At this point, she is confident in her knowledge and no longer needs a mentor as a guide—she becomes responsible for her own knowledge. In the chess example, once a journeyman begins competing against experts, makes predictions based on patterns, and tests those predictions against actual behavior, she is generating new knowledgeand a deeper understanding of the game. She is creating her own cases rather than relying on the cases of others.DThe chess example is a rather short description of an apprenticeship model. Apprenticeship may seem like a restrictive 18th century mode of education, but it is still a standard method of training for many complex tasks. Academic doctoral programs are based on an apprenticeship model, as are fields like law, music, engineering, and medicine. Graduate students enter fields of study, find mentors, and begin the long process of becoming independent experts and generating new knowledge in their respective domains.EPsychologists and cognitive scientists agree that the time it takes to become an expert depends on the complexity of the task and the number of cases, or patterns, to which an individual is exposed. The more complex the task, the longer it takes to build expertise, or, more accurately, the longer it takes to experience and store a large number of cases or patterns.FThe Power of ExpertiseAn expert perceives meaningful patterns in her domain better than non-experts. Where a novice perceives random or disconnected data points, an expert connects regular patterns within and between cases. This ability to identify patterns is not an innate perceptual skill; rather it reflects the organization of knowledge after exposure to and experience with thousands of cases. Experts have a deeper understanding of their domains than novices do, and utilize higher-order principles to solve problems. A novice, for example, might group objects together by color or size, whereas an expert would group the same objects according to their function or utility. Experts comprehend the meaning of data and weigh variables with different criteria within their domains better than novices. Experts recognize variables that have the largest influence on a particular problem and focus their attention on those variables.GExperts have better domain-specific short-term and long-term memory than novices do. Moreover, experts perform tasks in their domains faster than novices and commit fewer errors while problem solving. Interestingly, experts go about solving problems differently than novices. Experts spend more time thinking about a problem to fully understand it at the beginning of a task than do novices, who immediately seek to find a solution. Experts use their knowledge of previous cases as context for creating mental models to solve given problems.HBetter at self-monitoring than novices, experts are more aware of instances where they have committed errors or failed to understand a problem. Experts check their solutions more often thannovices and recognize when they are missing information necessary for solving a problem. Experts are aware of the limits of their domain knowledge and apply their domain's heuristics to solve problems that fall outside of their experience base.IThe Paradox of ExpertiseThe strengths of expertise can also be weaknesses. Although one would expect experts to be good forecasters, they are not particularly good at making predictions about the future. Since the 1930s, researchers have been testing the ability of experts to make forecasts. The performance of experts has been tested against actuarial tables to determine if they are better at making predictions than simple statistical models. Seventy years later, with more than two hundred experiments in different domains, it is clear that the answer is no. If supplied with an equal amount of data about a particular case, an actuarial table is as good, or better, than an expert at making calls about the future. Even if an expert is given more specific case information than is available to the statistical model, the expert does not tend to outperform the actuarial table.JTheorists and researchers differ when trying to explain why experts are less accurate forecasters than statistical models. Some have argued that experts, like all humans, are inconsistent when using mental models to make predictions. A number of researchers point to human biases to explain unreliable expert predictions. During the last 30 years, researchers have categorized, experimented, and theorized about the cognitive aspects of forecasting. Despite such efforts, the literature shows little consensus regarding the causes or manifestations of human bias.Questions 1-5Complete the flow chartChoose No More Than Three Words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 1-5on your answer sheet.From a novice to an expertNovice:↓need to study 1 under the guidance of a23↓start to identify 4 for cases within or between study more 5 ways of doing thingsExpert:create new knowledgeperform task independentlyQuestions 6-10Do the following statements agree with the information given in Reading Passage 1?In boxes 6-10 on your answer sheet, writeTRUE if the statement is trueFALSE if the statement is falseNOT GIVEN if the information is not given in the passage6. Novices and experts use the same system of knowledge to comprehend and classify objects.7. The focus of novices' training is necessarily on long term memory8. When working out the problems, novices want to solve them straight away.9. When handling problems, experts are always more efficient than novices in their fields.10. Expert tend to review more than novices on cases when flaws or limit on understanding took place.Questions 11-13Complete the following summary of the paragraphs of Reading Passage, using No More Than Two Words from the Reading Passage for each answer. Write your answers in boxes 11-13 on your answer sheet.While experts outperform novices and machines in pattern recognition and problem solving, expert predictions of future behavior or events are seldom as accurate as simple actuarial tables. Why? Some have tried to explain that experts differ when using cognitive 11 to forecast. Researchers believe it is due to 12 . However attempting endeavor of finding answers did not yet produce 13 .文章题目：Novice and Expert篇章结构体裁论说文题目新手与专家结构A 新手进入业界的首要任务B 新手积累经验之后的任务C 新手如何向专家过渡D 学徒关系训练法的重要性E 决定成为专家时间的因素F 专家更善于觉察并聚焦对于特定稳定有最大影响的变脸G 专家与新手的区别H 专家相对新手更擅长自我检测I 专家在预测未来方面不如数据统计J 专家预测未来逊于统计模型的原因试题分析Question 1-13题目类型：Question 1-5 Complete the flow chartQuestion 6-10 TRUE, FALSE, NOT GIVENQuestion 11-13 Answer the questions below题号定位词文中对应点题目解析1A novice , requires to studyA段第二句本题可以根据线索词novice定位在A-C段，由requires to study可以判断A段第二句中needs to learn为同义词。
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20XX.9.3雅思机经真题预测免费下载地址：
/20XX0707/yszh-fsy-93ysjj.html?seo=wenku6.83 20XX.9.3雅思机经真题预测出来了，是马叔为即将参加考试的你准备的最好的冲刺学习资料哦！
20XX.9.3雅思机经真题预测口语部分内容：
ATeamUWerePartOf
Describeateamyouwerepartof.
Youshouldsay:
whentheteamwasformed
whoelseparticipatedinit
whatyoudidthere
andeGplainwhyyoubecamepartoftheteam.
Part3
Whatdochildren(or,youngpeople)usuallydoingroups?
Doyoulikeco-operatingwithothers?
Whatqualities(attributes)doesapersonneedtobeabletoco-operatewithoth ers?
Whichismorepopularinyourcountry,teamsportsorindividualsports?
Doyouthinkco-operationbetweencountriesisimportant?
20XX.9.3雅思机经真题预测写作部分内容：
Itisnotnecessarytotraveltootherplacestolearnabouttheotherculture.Weca nlearnasmuchasfrombooks,filmsandinternet.TowhateGtentdoyouagreeo rdisagree？
思路分析：
去其他地方旅游从而学习其他文化是没有必要的。
我们通过书本，电影和网络也可以学到同样多的东西。
你是否同意？
这是一道文化类的两方对比题，需要考生比较旅游以及书本网络等媒体各自对于陌生文化学习方面的好处。
20XX.9.3雅思机经真题预测免费下载地址：
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