2016年6月大学英语四级听力新题型样卷
2016年6月四级听力新题型模拟试题1
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5. How are about two-thirds of the courses taught? A) Through the School of Design and Visual Arts. B) Through the School of Social Work C) Through the School of Business. D) Through the Arts and Sciences program.
• If one happens, 50 underground stations will be under water. Electricity, gas and phone services will be out of action. Roads will be drowned. It will be impossible to cross any of the bridges between north and south London.
News Item Two
• A few months ago, millions of people in London heard alarms all over the city The emergency services, the Fire Departments, the police, hospitals, and ambulances stood by, ready to go into action. In railway and underground stations, people read notices and maps which told them where to go and what to do in the emergency.
2016年6月英语四级听力真题试卷及答案
2016年6月英语四级听力真题试卷及答案【完整版】News Report 1The International Labor Organization says the number of people without jobs is increasing. In its latest update on global employment trends, the agency says projections of the number of unemployed people this year range from 210 million to nearly 240 million people. The report warns that 200 million poor workers are at risk of joining the ranks of people living on less than 2 dollars per day in the past three years. The director general of the International Labor Organization Juan Somavia notes that some countries have taken measures to address the effects of the global crisis.However, he points out that many countries have not done so. And based on past experiences, it takes four to five years after economic recovery for unemployment to return to pre-crisis levels. Mr. Somavia says the International Labor Organization is proposing a global jobs' agreement to deal with unemployment. 'It's key objective is to play so the center of recovery efforts, measures that would generate high levels of employment and provide basic social protection for the most vulnerable.'Q1. What is the news report mainly about?Q2. What does, Juan Somavia, the director general of the International Labor Organization say?1.C)Risingunemploymentworldwide.2.A)Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.kind rule, requiring themCathy Nurses is with the New York City department of health, 'We wanted to give people an opportunity to actually see the calories before they purchased the food and make a decision and inform decision. That if they want to make their healthier choice, if they want to eat fewer calories they can. And we expect this will have a huge impact on obesity. And of course, if it has an impact on obesity, it will have an impact on diabetes and heart disease and high blood pressure. 'The new rules will introduce as a part of anti-obesity campaign. That also includes a recent citywide ban and artificial trans-fats in restaurant food. The menu roll only applies to restaurants that serve standardized potion sizes and have fifty more locations nationwide. Starting last Saturday, chains big enough to fall under the rule will face penalties about 2000 dollars for not showing calorie information in a prominent spot on their menus preferably next to the price.Q3. What are big fast food chains in New York City require to do according to the new rule?Q4. What would happen to big restaurant chains that violate the new rule?3.B)Putcalorieinformationonthemenu.4.A)Theywillbefined.Almost all companies recognize the importance of innovation today. But not many are able to integrate innovation into their business.A commentary in the Shanghai Daily points out that innovation doesn't mean piles of documents. It is something more practical. The article says many people tend to assume that innovation just means creating something new, but actually it's more than that. It's an attitude of doing things. A company should find ways to innovate not just in products but also in functions, business models and processes.The article cites the global giant Procter & Gamble as an example, saying a real innovative company should develop an innovation culture and use it as a primary tool for success. Procter & Gamble has a “Corporate Innovation Fund” which offers big rewards for high-risk ideas that succeed. It also has a special innovation facility for its employees. Sometimes its employees are released from their daily jobs for weeks and spend their time interacting in the innovation facility instead. In conclusion,the article says innovative ideas alone do not ensure success. It's pointless unless there is a repeatable process in place to turn inspiration into financial performance.Q5. What is the problem with many companies according to the news report?Q6. What do many people tend to think of innovation?Q7. What does the company Procter & Gamble owe its success to?5.D)Failuretointegrateinnovationintotheirbusiness6.B)Itisthecreationofsomethingnew.7.C)Itsinnovationculture.Conversation OneM: So, Linzy, do you like to text message on your cell phone?W: Yeah, I text message a lot.M: I don't do it so much. I prefer to make a call if I'm in a hurry.W: Yeah, I go both ways. Sometimes I don’t really want to talk to the person. I just want to ask them one question, so it's much easier for me just to text message. If I call them, I'll have to have a long conversation.M: Yeah, I can see what you mean. But I get off the phone pretty quickly when I call. I'm not a big talker.W: Yeah, that's true. You don't talk a lot.M: So are you fast at writing the messages with your thumb?W: Well, when I first got a cell phone, I was so slow. I thought I would never text message. But then people kept text messaging me, so I felt obliged to learn how to text message. So now I'm pretty fast. What about you?M: Actually I have the opposite problem. When I first got my cell phone, I thought it was so cool to text message all my friends who have one, and I was pretty fast with my thumb then. But it seems like now I don't use it so much, I've got slower actually.W: Yeah, I think text messaging actually is what you have to do with your age. For example, people in high school, they text message a lot. But I ask my father if he texted messages, and guess what he said?M: What?W: He said he'd never text message.He thinks it's very childish and unprofessional to text message.M: Yeah, I can see what he means. It's considered pretty informal to text message to someone.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you've just heard.Q8: What does the man say about himself?Q9: What does the woman tend to do while she is on the phone?Q10: Why did the man text message all his friends when he first got his cell phone?Q11: What does the woman's father think of text messaging?Conversation TwoW: Good morning, Mr. Johnson. How can I help you?M: Well, I'd like to talk to you about Tim Bond, the department manager.W: What seems to be the problem?M: Well, ever since Sandra left the department, I feel like I've been targeted to do all her work as well as mine. I'm expected to attend too many meetings and I seem to be spending a lot of my time doing unnecessary paper work.W: I'm sorry to hear that.M: And, on top of that, I'd specifically asked if I could leave early last Friday as I done a lot of overtime during the week. But that afternoon, even though I'd finished my assigned work, I was told to help other colleagues finish their work, too.W: But surely that's a positive sign showing that Mr. Bond has a lot of trust in you.M: Yes, but other colleagues get to leave early, and they don't have such a lot of work to do.W: So you feel he's really making unrealistic demands on you?M: Yes, absolutely.W: Have you approached Mr. Bond about this particular problem?M: I've tried, but it seems like he just has no time for me.W: Well, at this stage, it would be better if you approached him directly. If nothing else showing that you've tried to solve the problem yourself before you take it further. Makes it clear that you're just not a complainer. Why don't you send an email requesting a meeting with him in private?M: Hmm, I've been a bit worried about his reaction. But anyway I'll send him an email to request a meeting, and I'll see what happens from there. Thanks for your advice.W: Good luck. And let us know the outcome.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you've just heard.Q12. What do we learn about the man from the conversation?Q13. What is the man's chief complaint?Q14. How does the woman interpret the fact that the man was asked to help his colleagues with their work?Q15. What did the woman advise the man to do?12.A)Hewantstochangehisjobassignment.（推断）13.A)Hisworkloadwasmuchtooheavy.（细节）14.C)Hisbosshasalotoftrustinhim.（细节）15.D)Talktohisbossinpersonfirst.（细节）PassagesPassage OneThe massive decline in sleep happened so slowly and quietly that few seemed to notice the trend. Was it because of the growing attraction of the Internet, video games and endless TV channels? Never disconnecting from work? No matter how it happened, millions of Americans are putting their health, quality of life and even length of life in danger.New evidence shows why getting enough sleep is a top priority. Some 40% of Americans get less than 7 hours of shut-eye on week nights."The link between sleep and health, and bad sleep and disease is becoming clearer and clearer." says Lawrence Alberstaine, a sleep expert at Harvard University. For example, sleep duration has declined from some 8 hours in the 1950s to 7 in recent years. At the same time, high blood pressure has become an increasing problem. Blood pressure and heart rate are typically at their lowest levels during sleep. People who sleep less tend to have higher blood pressure, heart attack, diabetes, weight gain and other problems.Sleeping better may help fight off illness. "When people are sleep-derived, there are higher levels of stress hormones in their bodies which can decrease immune function." says Doctor Felice, of Northwestern University in Chicago. A university of Chicago study shows people who sleep well live longer. So say good night sooner and it may help you stay active and vital to a ripe old age.Q16. What is the speaker mainly talking about?Q17. What do we learn from the talk about today's Americans?Q18. What does the speaker say will happen to people who lack sleep?16A)Theimportanceofsleeptoahealthylife17C)Theygetlessandlesssleep18D)TheirbloodpressurewillrisePassage TwoParents and teachers will tell you not to worry when applying for a place at a university. But in the same breath will remind you that it is the most important decision of your life.The first decision is your choice of course. It will depend on what you want to get out of university, what you are good at and what you enjoy. The next decision is where to apply. Aim high but within reason. Do you have the right combination of subjects and are your expected grades likely to meet entry requirements? The deadline is January 15th. But it is best to submit your application early because universities begin work as soon as forms start rolling in.The most important part of the application is the much feared personal statement. This is your chance to convey boundless enthusiasm for the subject. So economy of expression is foremost. Omit dull and ineffective generalities and make sure you give concrete examples.Admissions officers read every personal statement that arrives. It is not convincing if you say you have chosen the subject because you enjoy it. You have to get across what it is about a particular area that has inspired you. They will look for evidence that you have reflected and thought about the subject.Applicants should be honest. There is no point saying you run marathons, if you are going to be out of breath arriving at the interview on the second floor.Q19. What is the first decision you should make in preparing to apply for a place at a university?（细节）Q20. What is the most important part of the application?（细节）Q21. What must applicants do in their personal statements?（推断题）19.B)Whatcourseyouaregoingtochoose20.D)Thepersonalstatement21.C）IndicatetheyhavereflectedandthoughtaboutthesubjectPassage ThreeIt is widely believed that German invented the first car in 1885. It was actually a tricycle with a petrol motor at the rear. Soon, members of the royal family and other wealthy people took up motoring as a sport. Many of the early cars had 2 seats. There were no petrol pumps and few garages, so every driver had to be his own engineer for the frequent breakdowns.By 1905, cars began to look like cars of today, with head lamps, wind screen, rubble tires and number plates. Henry Ford's Model T introduced in America in 1909 was cheaper because it was made on the assembly line. It brought cars closer towards the reach of ordinary people. With the popularity of the car, registration became a must in 1903 with the motor car act. Competency tests were introduced in 1935.Today, the legal driving age for a car in the UK is 17. You are not allowed to drive a car unsupervised until you have passed a driving test. In 1958, Britain celebrated the opening of its first motor way –thePreston Bypass. Until then, no one really understood what a motor way was, not even the laborers who were building it. The bypass held a new era in motor travel and was greeted with excitement and optimism. Service stations came with the motor way and the legend of the transport cafe was born. Of course, the service station has diversified greatly. But whether it’s an English-cooked breakfast or a coffee and a sandwich, one thing has remained the same: the prices.Q22. What does the speaker say about the first motor car?（四个题全是细节题）Q23. What was the problem with the early cars in Britain?Q24. Why did Henry Ford's Model T cars cost less?Q25. What do we learn about the Preston Bypass?22B)Itwasbuiltinthelate19thcentury.23D)Theyoftenbrokedown.24A)Theywereproducedontheassemblyline.25C)Itmarkedanewerainmotortravel.。
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案解析(全)
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及参考答案Part ⅡListening Comprehension（听力部分共有两套）四级第一套Section A1. C) Rising unemployment worldwide.2. A) Many countries have not taken measures to create enough jobs.3. B) Put calorie information on the menu.4. A) They will be fined.C) They will get a warning.5. D) Failure to integrate innovation into their business.6. B) It is the creation of something new.7. C) Its innovation culture.Section B8. D) He does not talk long on the phone.9. B) Talk at length.10. A) He thought it was cool.11. C) It is childish and unprofessional.12. B) He is unhappy with his department manager.13. A) His workload was much too heavy.14. C) His boss has a lot of trust in him.15. D) Talk to his boss in person first.Section C16. A) The importance of sleep to a healthy life.17. C) They get less and less sleep.18. D) Their blood pressure will rise.19. B) What course you are going to choose.20. D) The personal statement.21. C) Indicate they have reflected and thought about the subject.22. B) It was built in the late 19th century.23. D) They often broke down.24. A) They were produced on the assembly line.25. C) It marked a new era in motor travel.四级第二套Section A1. C) Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.2. C) Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.3. B) Whether the British irports Authority should sell off some of its assets.4. D) Lack of runway and terminal capacity.5. D) Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.6. A) The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like.7. B) They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.Section B8. A) Holland.9. D) Learning a language where it is not spoken.10. C) Trying to speak it as much as one can.11. A) It provides opportunities for language practice.12. B) Rules and regulations for driving.13.C) Make cars that are less powerful.14. D) They tend to drive responsibly.15. C) It is not useful.Section C16. D) The card reader failed to do the scanning.17. B) By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic.18. A) Produce many low-tech fixes for high-tech failures.19. A) They vary among different departments.20.D) By contacting the deparmental office.21. B) They specify the number of credits students must earn.22. C) Students in health classes.23. A) Its overemphasis on thinness.24. B) To explain how computer images can be misleading.25. C) To promote her own concept of beauty.Part ⅢReading Comprehension四级第一套Section A26.O) tend27.M) review28.L) performance29.K) particularly30.N) survive31.E) dropping32.J) mutually33.H) flow34.F) essential35.I) moodSection B36.E）“We thought we would see differences based on the housing types,” said the lead author of the study, Julie Robison, an associate professor of medicine at the university. A reasonable assumption—don't families struggle to avoid nursing homes and suffer real guilt if they can't?37.L）Of course, sons and daughters want to visit the facilities, talk to the administrators and residents and other families, and do everything possible to fulfill their duties. But perhaps they don't have to turn themselves into private investigators or Congressional subcommittees. “Families can look a bit more for where the residents are going to be happy,” Dr. Sloane said. And involving the future resident in the process can be very important.38.B）Does assisted living really mark a great improvement over a nursing home, or has the industry simply hired better interior designers? Are nursing homes as bad as people fear, or is that an out-moded stereotype (固定看法)？Can doing one's homework really steer families to the best places? It is genuinely hard to know.39.H）An elderly person who describes herself as in poor health, therefore, might be no less depressed in assisted living (even if her children preferred it) than in a nursing home. A person who had input into where he would move and has had time to adapt to it might do as well in a nursing home as in a small residential care home, other factors being equal. It is an interaction between the person and the place, not the sort of place in itself, that leads to better or worse experiences. “You can't just say, ‘Let's put this person in a residential care home instead of a nursing home—she will be much better off,’” Dr. Robison said. What matters, she added, “is a combination of what people bring in with them, and what they find there.”40.N）The daughter feared her mother would be ignored there, and so she decided to move her intoa more welcoming facility. Based on what is emerging from some of this research, that might have been as rational a way as any to reach a decision.41.J）As I was considering all this, a press release from a respected research firm crossed my desk，announcing that the five-star rating system that Medicare developed in 2008 to help families compare nursing home quality also has little relationship to how satisfied its residents or their family members are. As a matter of fact, consumers expressed higher satisfaction with the one-star facilities, the lowest rated, than with the five-star ones.(More on this study and the star ratings will appear in a subsequent post.)42.F）In the initial results, assisted living residents did paint the most positive picture. They were less likely to report symptoms of depression than those in the other facilities, for instance, and less likely to be bored or lonely. They scored higher on social interaction.43.C）I am about to make things more complicated by suggesting that what kind of facility an older person lives in may matter less than we have assumed. And that the characteristics adult children look for when they begin the search are not necessarily the things that make a difference to the people who are going to move in. I am not talking about the quality of care，let me hastily add. Nobody flourishes in a gloomy environment with irresponsible staff and a poor safety record. But an accumulating body of research indicates that some distinctions between one type of elder care and another have little real bearing on how well residents do.44.I）Such findings, which run counter to common sense, have surfaced before. In a multi-state study of assisted living, for instance, University of North Carolina researchers found that a host of variables—the facility's type, size or age; whether a chain owned it; how attractive the neighborhood was—had no significant relationship to how the residents fared in terms of illness, mental decline, hospitalizations or mortality. What mattered most was the residents' physical health and mental status. What people were like when they came in had greater consequence than what happened once they were there.45.G）But when the researchers plugged in a number of other variables, such differences disappeared. It is not the housing type, they found, that creates differences in residents' responses. “It is the characteristics of the specific environment they are in, c ombined with their own personal characteristics—how healthy they feel they are, their age and marital status,” Dr. Robison explained. Whether residents felt involved in the decision to move and how long they had lived there also proved significant.Section C46. C) It can be avoided if human values are translated into their language.47.D) They are ill-bred.48. C) By picking up patterns from massive data on human behavior.49. B) Stop to seek advice from a human being.50. A) Determine what is moral and ethical.51. A) to see whether people's personality affects their life span52. D) They are more likely to get over hardship.53. C) Such personality characteristics as self-discipline have no effect on longevity.54. D) Mothers' negative personality characteristics may affect their children's life span.55. B) Longevity results from a combination of mental and physical health.四级第二套Section A26.G) growing27.A) dependent28.C) fast29.F) give30.H) launch31.N) successful32.I) policyl33.B) designed34.O) treatments35.E) gainedSection B36.D)As we begin to examine our life, Soupios says, we come to Rule No. 2: Worry only about things that you can control. “The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher. His name is Epictetus,” he says. “And what the Stoics say in general is simply this: There is a larger plan in life. You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan. You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan.”37.B)The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it wa s first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration (失效) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I think that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry (诡辩). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”38.F)To have a meaningful, happy life we need friends. But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don't qualify as true friendships. “Just because I have a business relationship with an individual and I can profit from that relationship, it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend,” Soupios says. “Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul. It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers.”39.A) Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars, terrorism, economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases? The answer is yes, according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules: Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life. The book is co-authored by Long Island University's philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas.40.L)“This is Aesop, the fabulist (寓言家), the man of these charming little tales, often told interms of animals and animal relationships,” he says. “I think what Aesop was suggesting is that when you offer a good turn to another human being, one can hope that that good deed will come back and sort of pay a profit to you, the doer of the good deed. Even if there is no concrete benefit paid in response to your good deed, at the very least, the doer of the good deed has the opportunity to enjoy a kind of spiritua lly enlightened moment.”41.H)“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans,” Soupios says. “This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modern era. I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness, a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way, which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure.”42.C)Soupios, along with his co-author Panos Mourdoukoutas, developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle, Socrates, Epictetus and Pythagoras, among others. The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book. Soupios says that it is based on Plato's observation that the unexamined life is not worth living. “The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in, in terms of convictions (信念),” he says. “So take a step back, switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities, our values, and our relationships.”43.K)Instead, Soupios says, ancient wisdom urges us to do good. Golden Rule No. 10 for a good life is that kindness toward others tends to be rewarded.44.B)The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless, says Soupios. The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago. “There is no expiration (失效) date on wisdom,” he says. “There is no shelf life on intelligence. I thi nk that things have become very gloomy these days, lots of misunderstanding, misleading cues, a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry (诡辩). The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole, in a way that we tend not to see life today.”45.J)“This is Hesiod, of course, a younger contemporary poet, we believe, with Homer,” Soupios says. “Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world's great religions, in the Judeo-Christian tradition and in Islam and others—that in some sense, when you hurt another human being, you hurt yourself. That damaging other people in your community and in your life, trashing relationships, results in a kind of self-inflicted (自己招致的) spi ritual wound.”Section C46. D) It usually draws different reactions from different age groups.47. A) It does not seem to create a generational divide.48. B) It helps with their mobility.49. A) The location of their residence.50. C) The wealthy.51. C) Their daily routine followed the rhythm of the natural cycle.52. B) It brought family members closer to each other.53. D) Pace of life.54. B) It is varied, abundant and nutritious.55. A) They enjoyed cooking as well as eating.四级第三套Section A26.M) provide27.A) abandoned28.I) frequent29.L) merely30.C) biased31.G) dependent32.F) dampens33.E) commitment34.N) understandably35.O) unrealisticallySection B36.［F］In contrast, the recent surge in world grain prices is trend-driven, making it unlikely to reverse without a reversal in the trends themselves. On the demand side, those trends include the ongoing addition of more than 70 million people a year, a growing number of people wanting to move up the food chain to consume highly grain-intensive meat products, and the massive diversion （转向）of U.S. grain to the production of bio-fuel.37.［K］In response to those restrictions, grain-importing countries are trying to nail down long-term trade agreements that would lock up future grain supplies. Food-import anxiety is even leading to new efforts by food-importing countries to buy or lease farmland in other countries. In spite of such temporary measures, soaring food prices and spreading hunger in many other countries are beginning to break down the social order.38.［C］As demand for food rises faster than supplies are growing, the resulting food-price inflation puts severe stress on the governments of many countries. Unable to buy grain or grow their own, hungry people take to the streets. Indeed, even before the steep climb in grain prices in 2008, the number of failing states was expanding. If the food situation continues to worsen, entire nations will break down at an ever increasing rate. In the 20th century the main threat to international security was superpower conflict; today it is failing states.39.［L］Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends thatcause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families40.［B］I can no longer ignore that risk. Our continuing failure to deal with the environmental declines that are undermining the world food economy forces me to conclude that such a collapse is possible.41.［H］What about supply? The three environmental trends—the shortage of fresh water, the loss of topsoil and the rising temperatures—are making it increasingly hard to expand the world's grain supply fast enough to keep up with demand. Of all those trends, however, the spread of water shortages poses the most immediate threat. The biggest challenge here is in irrigation, which consumes 70% of the world's fresh water. Millions of irrigation wells in many countries are now pumping water out of underground sources faster than rainfall can refill them. The result is falling water tables （地下水位）in countries with half the world's people, including the three big grain producers—China, India and the U.S.42.［M］For many in the development community, the four objectives were seen as positive, promoting development as long as they did not cost too much. Others saw them as politically correct and morally appropriate. Now a third and far more significant motivation presents itself: meeting these goals may be necessary to prevent the collapse of our civilization. Yet the cost we project for saving civilization would amount to less than $200 billion a year, 1/6 of current global military spending. In effect, our plan is the new security budget.43.［J］As the world's food security falls to pieces, individual countries acting in their own self-interest are actually worsening the troubles of many. The trend began in 2007, when leading wheat-exporting countries such as Russia and Argentina limited or banned their exports, in hopes of increasing local food supplies and thereby bringing down domestic food prices. Vietnam banned its exports for several months for the same reason. Such moves may eliminate the fears of those living in the exporting countries, but they are creating panic in importing countries that must rely on what is then left for export.44.［L］Since the current world food shortage is trend-driven, the environmental trends that cause it must be reversed. We must cut carbon emissions by 80% from their 2006 levels by 2020, stabilize the world's population at eight billion by 2040, completely remove poverty, and restore forests and soils. There is nothing new about the four objectives. Indeed, we have made substantial progress in some parts of the world on at least one of these—the distribution of family-planning services and the associated shift to smaller families.45.［G］As incomes rise among low-income consumers, the potential for further grain consumption is huge. But that potential pales beside the never-ending demand for crop-based fuels.A fourth of this year's U.S. grain harvest will go to fuel cars.Section C46. B) It weakens in one's later years.47. D) Some of them begin to decline when people are still young.48. C) They function quite well even in old age.49. D) can put what they have learnt into more effective use50. A) find ways to slow down our mental decline51. C) Scholars and policymakers have different opinions about it.52. A) Pre-K achievements usually do not last long.53. B) When it is made part of kids' education.54. D) She is a firm supporter of pre-K.55. C) Early intervention.Part ⅣTranslation四级第一套功夫(Kung Fu)是中国武术（martial arts）的俗称。
2016年6月四级听力新题型官方样题+听力原文打印版A4纸8
2016年6月大学英语四级考试听力样题Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports、At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions、Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once、After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D)、Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre、Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item、1、A) Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels、B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi、C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala、D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital、2、A) On Christmas Eve、C) During a security check、B) Just before midnight、D) In the small hours of the morning、Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item、3、A) It is likely to close many of its stores、B) It is known for the quality of its goods、C) It remains competitive in the recession、D) It will expand its online retail business、4、A) Expand its business beyond groceries、B) Fire 25,000 of its current employees、C) Cut its DVD publishing business、D) Sell the business for one pound、Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item、5、A) All taxis began to use meters、B) All taxis got air conditioning、C) Advertisements were allowed on taxis、D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs、6、A) A low interest loan scheme、C) Taxi passengers’ complaints、B) Environmentalists’ protests、D) Permission for car advertising、7、A) There are no more irregular practices、B) All new cabs provide air-conditioning、C) New cabs are all equipped with meters、D) New legislation protects consumer rights、Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations、At the end of each conversation, you willhear four questions、Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once、After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D)、Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre、Conversation OneQuestions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard、8、A) It has a partnership with LCP、C) It specializes in safety from leaks、B) It is headquartered in London、D) It has a chemical processing plant、9、A) He is a chemist、C) He is a safety inspector、B) He is a salesman、D) He is Mr、Grand’s friend、10、A) The public relations officer、C) Director of the safety department、B) Mr、Gra nd’s personal assistant、D) Head of the personnel department、11、A) Wait for Mr、Grand to call back、B) Leave a message for Mr、Grand、C) Provide details of their products and services、D) Send a comprehensive description of their work、Conversation TwoQuestions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard、12、A) Teacher、C) Editor、B) Journalist、D) Typist、13、A) Some newly discovered scenic spot、B) Big changes in the Amazon valley、C) A new railway under construction、D) The beautiful Amazon rainforests、14、A) In news weeklies、C) In newspapers’ Sunday editions、B) In a local evening paper、D) In overseas editions of U、S、magazines、15、A) To become a professional writer、C) To get her life story published soon、B) To be employed by a newspaper、D) To sell her articles to a news service、Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages、At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions、Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once、After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D)、Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre、Passage OneQuestions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard、16、A) She is both a popular and a highly respected author、B) She is the first writer to focus on the fate of slaves、C) She is the most loved African novelist of all times、D) She is the most influential author since the 1930’s、17、A) The Book Critics Circle Award、C) The Pulitzer Prize for fiction、B) The Nobel Prize for literature、D) The National Book Award、18、A) She is a relative of Morrison’s、C) She is a skilled storyteller、B) She is a slave from Africa、D) She is a black woman、Passage TwoQuestions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard、19、A) They are very generous in giving gifts、B) They refuse gifts when doing business、C) They regard gifts as a token of friendship、D) They give gifts only on special occasions、20、A) They enjoy giving gifts to other people、B) They spend a lot of time choosing gifts、C) They have to follow many specific rules、D) They pay attention to the quality of gifts、21、A) Gift-giving plays an important role in human relationships、B) We must be aware of cultural differences in giving gifts、C) We must learn how to give gifts before going abroad、D) Reading extensively can make one a better gift-giver、Passage ThreeQuestions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard、22、A) She tenderly looked after her sick mother、B) She developed a strong interest in finance、C) She learned to write for financial newspapers、D) She invested in stocks and shares on Wall Street、23、A) She inherited a big fortune from her father、B) She sold her restaurant with a substantial profit、C) She got 7、5 million dollars from her ex-husband、D) She made a wise investment in real estate、24、A) She was dishonest in business dealings、B) She frequently ill-treated her employees、C) She abused animals including her pet dog、D) She was extremely mean with her money、25、A) She carried on her family’s tradition、B) She made huge donations to charities、C) She built a hospital with her mother’s money、D) She made a big fortune from wise investments、Tape Script of Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports、At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions、Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once、After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D)、Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre、Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item、Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi、The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala、Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people、Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital、The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala、Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check、Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground beside the vehicle、Just hours earlier, Uganda’s police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels、1、What is the news report mainly about?2、When did the incident occur?Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item、Woolworths is one of the best known names on the British High Street、It’s been in business nearly a century、Ma ny of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token £1 failed、The company has huge debts、The immediate cause for the collapse has been Britain’s slide towar d recession, which has cut into consumer spending、However, the business had been in trouble for years、Known for low-priced general goods, Woolworths has struggled in the face of competition from supermarkets expanding beyond groceries and a new generation of internet retailers、Many of the store group’s 25,000 employees are likely to lose their jobs、Some profitable areas such as the DVD publishing business will survive、3、What do we learn about Woolworths from the news report?4、What did Woolworths attempt to do recently?Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item、Cairo is known for its overcrowded roads, irregular driving practices and shaky old vehicles, but also for its air pollution、In recent months, though, environmental studies indicate there have been signs of improvement、That’s due in part to the removal of many of the capital’s old-fashioned black and white taxis、Most of these dated back to the 1960s and 70s and were in a poor state of repair、After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars、The government pays about $900 for old ones to be discarded and advertising on the new vehicles helps cover repayments、The idea has proved popular with customers ― they can now travel in air-conditioned comfort and because the new cabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares、Banks and car manufacturers are glad for the extra business in tough economic times、As for the taxi drivers, most are delighted to be behind the wheel of new cars, although there have been a few complaints about switching from black and white to a plain white colour、5、What change took place in Cairo recently?6、What helped bring about the change?7、Why do customers no longer argue with new cab drivers?Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two long conversations、At the end of each conversation, you will hear four questions、Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once、After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D)、Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre、Conversation OneW: Morning, this is TGC、M: Good morning、Walter Barry here, calling from London、Could I speak to Mr、Grand, please? W: Who’s calling, please?M: Walter Barry, from London、W: What is it about, please?M: Well, I understand that your company has a chemical processing plant、My own company, LCP, Liquid Control Products, is a leader in safety from leaks in the field of chemical processing、I would like to speak to Mr、Grand to discuss ways in which we could help TGC protect itself from such problems and save money at the same time、W: Yes, I see、Well, Mr、Grand is not available just now、M: Can you tell me when I could reach him?W: He’s very busy for the next few days –then he’ll be away in New York、So it’s difficult to give you a time、M: Could I speak to someone else, perhaps?W: Who in particular?M: A colleague for example?W: You’re speaking to his personal assistant、I can deal with calls for Mr、Grand、M: Yes, well, could I ring him tomorrow?W: No, I’m sorry he won’t be free tomorrow、Listen, let me suggest something、You send us details of your products and services, together with references from other companies and then we’ll contact you、M: Yes, that’s very kind of you、I have your address、W: Very good, Mr…、M: Barry、Walter Barry from LCP in London、W: Right, Mr、Barry、We look forward to hearing from you、M: Thank you、Goodbye、W: Bye、Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard、8、What do we learn about the woman’s company?9、What do we learn about the man?10、What is the woman’s position in her company?11、What does the woman suggest the man do?Conversation TwoM: You’re going to wear out the computer’s keyboard!W: Oh, hi、M: Do you have any idea what time it is?W: About ten or ten-thirty?M: It’s nearly midnight、W: Really? I didn’t know it was so late、M: Don’t you have an early class to teach tomorrow morning?W: Yes, at seven o’clock、My commuter class, the students who go to work right after their lesson、M: Then you ought to go to bed、What are you writing, anyway?W: An article I hope I can sell、M: Oh, another of your newspaper pieces? What’s this one about?W: Do you remember the trip I took last month?M: The one up to the Amazon?W: Well, that’s what I’m writing about—the new highway and the changes it’s making in the Amazon valley、M: It should be interesting、W: It is、I guess that’s why I forgot all about the time、M: How many articles have you sold now?W: About a dozen so far、M: What kind of newspapers buy them?W: The papers that carry a lot of foreign news、They usually appear in the big Sunday editions where they need a lot of background stories to help fill up the space between the ads、M: Is there any future in it?W: I hope so、There’s a chance I may sell this article to a news service、M: Then your story would be published in several papers, wouldn’t it?W: That’s the idea、And I might even be able to do other stories on a regular basis、M: That would be great、Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard、12、What is the woman’s occupation?13、What is the woman writing about?14、Where do the woman’s articles usually appear?15、What does the woman expect?Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear three passages、At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions、Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once、After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D)、Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre、Passage OneIn today’s class, we’ll discuss Toni Morrison’s novel Beloved、As I’m sure you all know, Morrison is both a popular and a highly respected author, and it’s not easy to be both、Born in 1931, Morrison has written some of the most touching and intelligent works on the African-American experience ever written by anyone, and yet to call her an “African-American writer” doesn’t seem to do her justice、In many ways, she’s simply an American writer—and certainly one of our best、Beloved is a truly remarkable work、It was recommended for nearly every major literary prize, including the National Book Award and the National Book Critics Circle Award, and it in fact won the Pulitzer Prize for fiction in 1988、Morrison herself is distinguished for having won the Nobel Prize for literature in 1993、What makes Beloved unique is the skillful, sure way in which Morrison blends intensely personal storytelling and American history, racial themes and gender themes, the experience of Blacks with the experience of all people everywhere, the down-to-earth reality of slavery with a sense of mysteriousspirituality、We’ll be paying special attention to these themes as we discuss this work、I’m particularly interested in your views on the relative importance of race and gender in this book、Is it more important that Sethe, the main character, is black or that she’s a woman? Which contributes more to her being? What does Morrison tell us about both?Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard、16、What do we learn about Toni Morrison?17、What honor did Toni Morrison receive in 1993?18、What does the speaker tell us about Sethe, the main character in Morrison’s novel Beloved? Passage TwoThe topic of my talk today is gift-giving、Everybody likes to receive gifts, right? So you may think that gift-giving is a universal custom、But actually, the rules of gift-giving vary quite a lot, and not knowing them can result in great embarrassment、In North America, the rules are fairly simple、If you’re invited to someone’s home fo r dinner, bring wine or flowers or a small item from your country、Among friends, family, and business associates, we generally don’t give gifts on other occasions except on someone’s birthday and Christmas、The Japanese, on the other hand, give gifts quite frequently, often to thank someone for their kindness、The tradition of gift-giving in Japan is very ancient、There are many detailed rules for everything from the color of the wrapping paper to the time of the gift presentation、And while Europeans don’t generally exchange business gifts, they do follow some formal customs when visiting homes, such as bringing flowers、The type and color of flowers, however, can carry special meaning、Today we have seen some broad differences in gift-giving、I could go on with additional examples、But let’s not miss the main point here: If we are not aware of and sensitive to cultural differences, the possibilities for miscommunication and conflict are enormous、Whether we learn about these differences by reading a book or by living abroad, our goal must be to respect differences among people in order to get along successfully with our global neighbors、Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard、19、What does the speaker say about gift-giving of North Americans?20、What do we learn about the Japanese concerning gift-giving?21、What point does the speaker make at the end of the talk?Passage ThreeHetty Green was a very spoilt, only child、She was born in Massachusetts, USA, in 1835、Her father was a millionaire businessman、Her mother was often ill, and so from the age of two her father took her with him to work and taught her about stocks and shares、At the age of six she started reading the daily financial newspapers and opened her own bank account、Her father died when she was 21 and she inherited $7、5 million、She went to New York and invested on Wall Street、Hetty saved every penny, eating in the cheapest restaurants for 15 cents、She became one of the richest and most hated women in the world、At 33 she married Edward Green, a multi-millionaire, and had two children, Ned and Sylvia、Hetty’s meanness was well known、She always argued about prices in shops、She walked to the local grocery store to buy broken biscuits which were much cheaper, and to get a free bone for her much loved dog、Once she lost a two-cent stamp and spent the night looking for it、She never bought clothes and always wore the same long, ragged black skirt、Worst of all, when her son Ned fell and injured his knee,she refused to pay for a doctor and spent hours looking for free medical help、In the end Ned lost his leg、When she died in 1916 she left her children $100 million、Her daughter built a hospital with her money、Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard、22、What do we learn about Hetty Green as a child?23、How did Hetty Green become rich overnight?24、Why was Hetty Green much hated?25、What do we learn about Hetty’s daughter?参考答案Part II Listening ComprehensionSection A 1、 B 2、 C 3、 A 4、 D 5、 D 6、 A 7、 CSection B 8、 D 9、 B 10、 B 11、 C 12、 A 13、 B 14、 C 15、 D Section C 16、 A 17、 B 18、 D 19、 D 20、 C21、 B 22、 B 23、 A 24、 D 25、 C附录:四级听力试题的调整——1)取消短对话 2)取消短文听写 3)新增短篇新闻(3段)其余测试内容不变。
大学英语四六级新题型听力考试说明及新题型听力样题
大学英语四六级听力考试说明原四六级听力题型一、四级听力试题的调整1.取消短对话2.取消短文听写3.新增短篇新闻（3段）其余测试内容不变。
2016年6月四级听力题型调整后四级听力部分的试题结构见下表：2016年6月四级听力短篇新闻的考试指令：Section ADirections: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.二、六级听力试题的调整1.取消短对话2.取消短文听写3.听力篇章调整为2篇（原3篇）4.新增讲座/讲话（3篇）其他测试内容不变。
2016年6月四级听力题型调整后六级听力部分的试题结构见下表：Section CDirections: In this section, you will hear recordings of lectures or talks followed by some questions. The recordings will be played only once.After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.四级听力样题Questions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.Kenyan police say one person was killed and 26 injured in an explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi. The blast hit a bus about to set off for the Ugandan capital Kampala. Last July, the Somali group al-Shabab said it was behind the blasts in the Ugandan capital which killed more than 70 people. Will Ross reports from the Kenyan capital.The explosion happened beside a bus which was about to set off for an overnight journey from Nairobi to the Ugandan capital Kampala. Some eyewitnesses report that a bag was about to be loaded on board, but it exploded during a security check. Windows of the red bus were left smashed, and blood could be seen on the ground beside thevehicle. Just hours earlier, Uganda’s police chief had warned of possible Christmas-time attacks by Somali rebels.1. What is the news report mainly about？2. When did the incident occurQuestions 1 and 2 will be based on the following news item.Christmas-time attacks made by Somali rebels.B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda’s capital.On Christmas Eve. C) During a security check.B) Just before midnight. D) In the small hours of the morning.Questions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.Woolworths is one of the best known names on th e British High Street. It’s been in business nearly a century. Many of its 800 stores are likely to close following the company’s decision to call in administrators after an attempt to sell the business for a token £1 failed.The company has huge debts. Th e immediate cause for the collapse has been Britain’s slide toward recession, which has cut into consumer spending. However, the business had been in trouble for years.Known for low-priced general goods, Woolworths has struggled in the face of competition from supermarkets expanding beyond groceries and a new generation of internet retailers.Many of the store group’s 25,000 employees are likely to lose their jobs. Some profitable areas such as the DVD publishing business will survive.3. What do we learn about Woolworths from the news report？4. What did Woolworths attempt to do recentlyQuestions 3 and 4 will be based on the following news item.3. A) It is likely to close many of its stores.B) It is known for the quality of its goods.C) It remains competitive in the recession.D) It will expand its online retail business.4. A) Expand its business beyond groceries.B) Fire 25,000 of its current employees.C) Cut its DVD publishing business.D) Sell the business for one pound.Questions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.Cairo is known for its overcrowded roads, irregular driving practices and shaky old vehicles, but also for its air pollution. In recent months, though, environmental studies indicate there have been signs of improvement. That’s due in part to the removal of many of the capital’s old-fashioned black and white taxis. Most of these dated back to the 1960s and 70s and were in a poor state of repair.After new legislation demanded their removal from the roads, a low interest loan scheme was set up with three Egyptian banks so drivers could buy new cars. The government pays about $900 for old ones to be discarded and advertising on the new vehicles helps cover repayments.The idea has proved popular with customers ― they can n ow travel in air-conditioned comfort and because the new cabs are metered, they don’t have to argue over fares. Banks and car manufacturers are glad for the extra business in tough economic times. As for the taxi drivers, most are delighted to be behind the wheel of new cars,although there have been a few complaints about switching from black and white toa plain white colour.5. What change took place in Cairo recently？6. What helped bring about the change？7. Why do customers no longer argue with new cab driversQuestions 5 to 7 will be based on the following news item.5. A) All taxis began to use meters.B) All taxis got air conditioning.C) Advertisements were allowed on taxis.D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs.6. A) A low interest loan scheme. C) Taxi passengers’ complaints.B) Environmentalists’ protests. D) Permission for car advertising.7. A) There are no more irregular practices.B) All new cabs provide air-conditioning.C) New cabs are all equipped with meters.D) New legislation protects consumer rights.Section A1. B2. C3. A4. D5. D6. A7. C六级听力样题Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.Moderator （会议主持人）:Hello Ladies and Gentleman, it gives me great pleasure to introduce our keynote speaker for today’s session, Dr. Howard Miller. Dr. Miller, Professor of Sociology at Washington University, has written numerous articles and books on the issues facing older Americans in our graying society for the past 15 years. Dr. Miller: Dr. Miller:Thank you for that introduction. Today, I’d like to preface my remarks with a story from my own life which I feel highlights the common concerns that bring us here together. Several years ago when my grandparents were well into their eighties, they were faced with the reality of no longer being able to adequately care for themselves. My grandfather spoke of his greatest fear, that of leaving the only home they had known for the past 60 years. Fighting back the tears, he spoke proudly of the fact that he had built their home from the ground up, and that he had pounded every nail and laid every brick in the process. The prospect of having to sell their home and give up their independence, and move into a retirement home was an extremely painful experience for them. It was, in my grandfather’s own words, like having a limb cut off. He exclaimed in a forceful manner that he felt he wasn’t impo rtant anymore. For them and some older Americans, their so-called “golden years” are at times not so pleasant, for this period can mean the decline of not only one’s health but the loss of identity and self-worth. In many societies, this self-identity is closely related with our social status, occupation, material possessions, or independence. Furthermore, we often live in societies that value what is “new” or in fashion, and our own usage of words in the English language is often a sign of bad news for older Americans. I mean how would your family react if you came home tonight exclaiming, “Hey, come to the living room and see the OLD black and white TV I brought!” Unfortunately, the word “old” calls to mind images of the need to replace or discard.Now, many of the lectures given at this conference have focused on the issues of pension reform, medical care, and the development of public facilities for senior citizens. And while these are vital issues that must be addressed, I’d like to focus my comments on an important issue that will affect the overall success of the other programs mentioned. This has to do with changing our perspectives on what it means to be a part of this group, and finding meaningful roles the elderly can play and should play in our societies.First of all, I’d like to talk about . . .16. What does the introduction say about Dr. Howard Miller’s articles and books？17. What is the greatest fear of Dr. Miller’s grandfather？18. What does Dr. Miller say the “golden years” can often me an？19. What is the focus of Dr. Miller’s speechNow listen to the following recording and answer questions 16 to 19.16. A) They investigate the retirement homes in America.B) They are on issues facing senior citizens in America.C) They describe the great pleasures of the golden years.D) They are filled with fond memories of his grandparents.17. A) The loss of the ability to take care of himself.B) The feeling of not being important any more.C) Being unable to find a good retirement home.D) Leaving the home he had lived in for 60 years.18. A) The loss of identity and self-worth.B) Fear of being replaced or discarded.C) Freedom from pressure and worldly cares.D) The possession of wealth and high respect.19. A) The urgency of pension reform.B) Medical care for senior citizens.C) Finding meaningful roles for the elderly in society.D) The development of public facilities for senior citizens.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.20. A) It seriously impacts their physical and mental development.B) It has become a problem affecting global economic growth.C) It is a common problem found in underdeveloped countries.D) It is an issue often overlooked by parents in many countries.21. A) They will live longer. C) Theyget along well with people.B) They get better pay. D) Theydevelop much higher IQs.22. A) Appropriated funds to promote research of nutrient-rich foods.B) Encouraged breastfeeding for the first six months of a child’s life.C) Recruited volunteers to teach rural people about health and nutrition.D) Targeted hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children.Now listen to the following recording and answer questions 20 to 22.The 2010 Global Hunger Index report was released today by the International Food Policy Research Institute (IFPRI). It notes that, in recent years, experts have come to the conclusion that undernourishment between conception and a child’s second birthday can have serious and long-lasting impacts.Undernourishment during this approximately 1,000-day window can seriously check the growth and development of children and render them more likely to get sick and die than well-fed children. Preventing hunger allows children to develop both physically and mentally.Says IFPRI’s Marie Ruel, “They will be more likely to perform well in school. They will stay in school longer. And then at adulthood, IFPRI has actually demonstrated that children who were better nourished have higher wages, by a pretty large margin,by 46 percent.”Ruel says that means the productivity of a nation’s future generations depends in a large part on the first 1,000 days of life.“This is why we’re all on board in focusing on those thousand days to improve nutritio n. After that, the damage is done and is highly irreversible.”The data on nutrition and childhood development has been slowly coming together for decades. But Ruel says scientific consensus alone will not solve the problem. “It’s not enough that nutritionists know you have to intervene then, if we don’t have the politicians on board, and also the...people that implement [programs] in the field.”Ruel says there are encouraging signs that politicians and implementers are beginning to get on board. Many major donors and the United Nations are targeting hunger-relief programs at pregnant women and young children. They focus on improving diets or providing micro-food supplements. They improve access to pre-birth care and encourage exclusive breastfeeding for t he first six months of a child’s life. Ruel says in the 1980s Thailand was able to reduce child undernourishment by recruiting a large number of volunteers to travel the countryside teaching about health and nutrition.“They really did very active promoti on of diversity in the diet and good eating habits. So they were providing more food to people, but also educating people on how to use them, and also educating people on how to feed their young children.”Ruel says countries may take different approaches to reducing child undernutrition. But she says nations will not make progress fighting hunger and poverty until they begin to focus on those critical first thousand days.20. What is the experts’ conclusion regarding children’s undernourishment in their earliest days of life21. What does IFPRI’s Marie Ruel say about well-fed children in their adult life？22. What did Thailand do to reduce child undernourishment in the 1980sNow listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.I’d like to look at a vital aspect of e-commerce, and that is the nature of the product or service. There are certain products and services that are very suitable for selling online, and others that simply don’t work.Suitable products generally have a high value-to-weight ratio. Items such as CDs and DVDs are obvious examples. Books, although heavier and so more expensive to post, still have a high enough value-to-weight ratio, as the success of Amazon, which started off selling only books, shows. Laptop computers are another good product for selling online.Digital products, such as software, films and music, can be sold in a purely virtual environment. The goods are paid for by online transactions, and then downloaded onto the buyer’s computer. There are no postage or delivery costs, so prices can be kept low.Many successful virtual companies provide digital services, such as financial transactions, in the case of Paypal, or means of communication, as Skype does. The key to success here is providing an easy-to-use, reliable service. Do this and you can easily become the market leader, as Skype has proved.Products which are potentially embarrassing to buy also do well in the virtual environment. Some of the most profitable e-commerce companies are those selling sex-related products or services. For a similar reason, online gambling is highly popular.Products which are usually considered unsuitable for selling online include those that have a taste or smell component. Food, especially fresh food, falls into this category, along with perfume. Clothes and other items that need to be tried on such as diamond rings and gold necklaces are generally not suited to virtual retailing,and, of course, items with a low value-to-weight ratio.There are exceptions, though. Online grocery shopping has really taken off, with most major supermarkets offering the service. The inconvenience of not being able to see the food you are buying is outweighed by the time saved and convenience of having the goods delivered. Typical users of online supermarkets include the elderly, people who work long hours and those without their own transport.23 What is important to the success of an online store？24. What products are unsuitable for selling online？25. Who are more likely to buy groceries onlineNow listen to the following recording and answer questions 23 to 25.23. A) The guaranteed quality of its goods.B) The huge volume of its annual sales.C) The service it provides to its customers.D) The high value-to-weight ratio of its goods.24. A) Those having a taste or smell component.B) Products potentially embarrassing to buy.C) Those that require very careful handling.D) Services involving a personal element.25. A) Those who live in the virtual world.B) Those who have to work long hours.C) Those who are used to online transactions.D) Those who don’t mind paying a little more.Section C16. B 17. D18. A 19. C20. A21. B 22. C23. D 24. A25. B。
2016年6月大学英语四级听力真题及答案详解word文本
2016年6月英语四级听力真题及答案详解Section A News ReportDirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports。
At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question，youmust choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C）and D）。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Drections: Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 1A) How college students can improve their sleep habits.B) Why sufficient sleep is important for college students.C) Why college students are more likely to have stress problems.D) How college students can handle their psychological problems.Question 2A) It is not easy to improve one’s sleep habits.B) It is not good for students to play video games.C) Students who are better prepared generally get higher scores in examinations.D) Making last-minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping.Drections: Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 3A) Whether more airports should be built around London.B) Whether adequate investment is being made to improve airport facilities.C) Whether the British Airports Authority should sell off some of its assets.D) Whether the Spanish company could offer better service.Question 4A) Inefficient management.B) Poor ownership structure.C) Lack of innovation and competition.D) Lack of runway and terminal capacity.Drections: Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Question 5A) Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes.B) Set a limit to the production of their cigarettes.C) Take steps to reduce nicotine in their products.D) Study the effects of nicotine on young smokers.Question 6A) The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like.B) Big tobacco companies were frank with their customers about the hazards of smoking.C) Brands which contain higher nicotine content were found to be much more popular.D) Tobacco companies refused to discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products.Question 7A) They promised to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes.B) They have not fully realized the harmful effect of nicotine.C) They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study.D) They will pay more attention to the quality of their products.Section B ConversationDirections：In this section，you will hear two long conversations。
2016年6月大学英语四级真题及答案
2016年6月英语四级考试真题及答案Part I Writing （30 minutes）Directions：For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty。
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes）Section ADirections: In this section，you will hear three news reports。
At the end of each news report，you will hear two or three questions。
Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once。
After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B）, C）and D）。
Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre。
Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. A）The International Labor Organization’s key objective.B)The basic social protection for the most vulnerable.C）Rising unemployment worldwide。
2016年6月四级考试真题卷一及答案解析
2016年6月四级考试真题(第一套)Part Ⅰ Writing(30 minutes)Directions：For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write a letter to express your thanks to one of your friends who helped you most when you were in difficulty．You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words．Part Ⅱ Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section，you will hear three news reports．At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions．Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A．，B．，C．,and D．,Then mark the corresponding letter on answer Sheet 1 with d single line through the centre.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard．1．A． How college students can handle their psychological problems．B． Why college students are more likely to have stress problems．C． Why sufficient sleep is important for college students．D． HOW college students can improve their sleep habits．2．A．It is not easy to improve one’s sleep habits．B．It is not good for students to play video games．C．Making last．minute preparations for tests may be less effective than sleeping．D．Students who are better prepared generally get higher scores in examinationsQuestions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard .3．A．Whether adequate investment is being made to improve airport facilitiesB．Whether the British Airports Authority should sell off some of its assets．C．Whether the Spanish company could offer better service．D．Whether more airports should be built around London．4．A．Poor ownership structure．C．Lack of innovation and competition．B．Inefficient management．D．Lack of runway and terminal capacity．Questions 5 to7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5．A．Study the effects of nicotine on young smokers．B．Set a limit to the production of their cigarettes．C．Take steps to reduce nicotine in their products．D．Report the nicotine content of their cigarettes．6．A．The biggest increase in nicotine content tended to be in brands young smokers like．B． Brands which contain higher nicotine content were found to be much more popular．C．Tobacco companies refused to discuss the detailed nicotine content of their products．D．Big tobacco companies were flank with their customers about the hazards of smoking ．7．A．They will pay more attention to the quality of their products．B．They were not prepared to comment on the cigarette study．C．They promised to reduce the nicotine content in cigarettes．D．They have not fully realized the harmful effect of nicotine．Section BDirections：In this section，you will hear two long conversations．At the end of each conversation，you will hear four questions．Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A，B，C and D．Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre．Questions 8 tol1 are based on the conversation you have just heard．8．A．Holland．B．Indonesia．C．England．D．Sweden．9．A．Talking with her boyfriend in Dutch．B．Getting a coach who can offer real help．C．Acquiring the necessary ability to socialize．D．Learning a language where it is not spoken．10．A．Practicing reading aloud as often as possible．B．Listening to language programs on the radio．C．Trying to speak it as much as one can．D．Making friends with native speakers．11．A．It provides opportunities for language practice．B．It trains young people’s leadership abilities．C．It offers various courses with credit points．D．It creates an environment for socializing ．Questions 12 tol5 are based on the conversation you have just heard．12．A．A sense of freedom driving gives．B．Rules and regulations for driving ．C．The role policemen play in traffic safety．D． The impact of engine design on road safety．13．A．Make cars with automatic control．B．Make cars with higher standards．C．Make cars that are less powerful．D． Make cars that have better brakes．14．A．They follow traffic rules closely．B． They keep within speed limits．C．They like to go at high speed．D． They tend to drive responsibly．15．A． It is a bad idea．B．It is as effective as speed bumps．C．It is not useful．D．It should be combined with education．Section CDirections：In this section，you will hear three passages．At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions．Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once．After you hear a question，you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A，B，C,and D,Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet l with a single line through the centre．Questions 16 tol8 are based on the passage you have just heard．16．A．The card got damaged．B．The card was found invalid．C．The card reader broke down unexpectedly．D．The card reader failed to do the scanning．17．A．By seeking help from the card reader maker Verifone．B．By covering the credit card with a layer of plastic．C．By calling the credit card company for confirmation．D．By typing the credit card number into the cash register．18．A．Produce many low-tech fixes for high．tech failures．B． Give birth to many new technological inventions．C． Change the lifestyle of many Americans．D． Affect the sales of high．tech appliances．Questions 19 to21 are based on the passage you have just heard．19．A．They vary among different departments．B．They leave much room for improvement．C．They are determined by the advising board．D．They are set by the dean of the graduate school．20．A．By consulting the examining committee．B． By reading the Bulletin of Information．C． By visiting the university’s website．D． By contacting the departmental office．21．A．They are harder to meet than those for undergraduates．B．They specify the number of credits students must earn．C．They have to be approved by the examining committee．D．They are the same among various divisions of the university．Questions 22 to 25 are based oil the passage you have just heard．22．A．Ph．D．candidates in dieting．B．Students majoring in nutrition．C．Students in health classes．D．Middle and high school teachers．23．A．Its overemphasis on thinness．B．Its changing criteria for beauty．C．Its mistaken conception of nutrition．D．Its overestimate of the effect of dieting．24．A．To demonstrate the magic effect of dieting on women．B．To explain how computer images can be misleading．C．To prove that technology has impacted our culture．D．To illustrate her point that beauty is but skin deep．25．A．To help students rid themselves of bad living habits．B．To establish an emotional connection with students．C．To promote her own concept of beauty．D．To persuade girls to stop dieting．Part Ⅲ Reading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections：In this section，there is a passage with ten blanks．You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage．Read the passage through carefully before making your choices．Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter． Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre．You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once．Signs barring cell—phone use are a familiar sight to anyone who has ever sat in a hospital waiting room．But the 26 popularity of electronic medical records has forced hospital．based doctors to become 27 on computers throughout the day,and desktops—which keep doctors from bedsides—are 28 giving way to wireless devices． As clerical loads increased，“something had to 29 ．and that was always face time with patients．”says Dr．Bhakti Patel．a former chief resident in the University of Chicago’s intenal-medicine program．In fall2010，she helped 30 a pilot project in Chicago to see if the iPad could improve working conditions and patient care．The experiment was so 31 that all internal．medicine residents at the university now get iPads when they begin the program．Johns Hopkins’ internal．medicine program adopted the same 32 in 2011．Medical schools at Yale and Stanford now have paperless．iPad-based curriculums．“You’11 want an iPad just so you can wear this”is the slogan for one of the new lab coats 33 with large pockets to accommodate tablet computers． A study of the University of Chicago iPad project found that patients got tests and 34 faster if they were cared for by iPad．equipped residents．Many patients also 35 a better understanding of the illnesses mat landed them in the hospital in the first place．A．dependentB． designedC． fastD． flyingE．gainedF．giveG．growingH．launchI．policyJ．prospectK．ratherL．reliableM．signalN．successfulO．treatmentsSection BDirections：In this section，you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it．Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs．Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived You may choose a paragraph more than once．Each paragraph is marked with a letter．Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2．Ancient Greek Wisdom Inspires Guidelines to Good LifeA．Is it possible to enjoy a peaceful life in a world that is increasingly challenged by threats and uncertainties from wars，terrorism，economic crises and a widespread outbreak of infectious diseases?The answer is yes，according to a new book The 10 Golden Rules．"Ancient Wisdom from the Greek Philosophers on Living a Good Life．The book is co-authored by Long Island University’s philosophy professor Michael Soupios and economics professor Panos Mourdoukoutas．B．The wisdom of the ancient Greek philosophers is timeless，says Soupios．The philosophy professor says it is as relevant today as when it was first written many centuries ago．“There is no expiration(失效) date on wisdom．”he says．“There is no shelf life on intelligence．I think that things have become very gloomy these days，lots of misunderstanding，misleading cues，a lot of what the ancients would have called sophistry(诡辩)．The nice thing about ancient philosophy as offered by the Greeks is that they tended to see life clear and whole，in a way that we tend not to see life today．”Examine your lifeC．Soupios，along with his co—author Panos Mourdoukoutas，developed their 10 golden rules by turning to the men behind that philosophy—Aristotle，Socrates，Epictetus and Pythagoras，among others．The first rule—examine your life—is the common thread that runs through the entire book．Soupios says that it is based on Plato’s observation that the unexamined life is not worth living．“The Greeks are always concerned about boxing themselves in，in terms of convictions(信念)，”he says．“So take a step back， switch off the automatic pilot and actually stop and reflect about things like our priorities，our values， and our relationships．”Stop worrying about what you can not controlD．As we begin to examine our life，Soupios says，we come to Rule No．2：Worry only about things that you can control．“The individual who promoted this idea was a Stoic philosopher．His name is Epictetus，”he says．“And what the Stoics say in general is simply this：There is a larger plan in life．You are not really going to be able to understand all of the dimensions of this plan．You are not going to be able to control the dimensions of this plan．”E．So，Soupios explains，it is not worth it to waste our physical，intellectual and spiritual energy worrying about things that are beyond our control．“I can not control whether or not l wind up getting the disease swine flu，for example，”he says．“I mean，there are some cautious steps I can take，but ultimately I can not guarantee myself that．So what Epictetus would say is sitting at home worrying about that would be wrong and wasteful and irrational．You should live your life attempting to identify and control those things which you can genuinely control．’’Seek true pleasureF．To have a meaningful，happy life we need friends．But according to Aristotle—a student of Plato and teacher of Alexander the Great—most relationships don’t qualify as true friendships．“Just because I have a business relationship with an individual．In our pursuit of the good life，he says，it is important to seek out true pleasures—advice which was originally offered by Epicurus．But unlike the modem definition of Epicureanism as a life of indulgence (放纵)and luxury,for the ancient Greeks，it meant finding a state of calm，peace and mental ease．dual and I can profit from that relationship．it does not necessarily mean that this person is my friend，”Soupios says．“Real friendship is when two individuals share the same soul．It is a beautiful and uncharacteristically poetic image that Aristotle offers．”H．“This was the highest and most desirable form of pleasure and happiness for the ancient Epicureans，” Soupios says．“This is something that is very much well worth considering here in the modem era．I do not think that we spend nearly enough time trying to concentrate on achieving a sort of calmness，a sort of contentment in a mental and spiritual way,which was identified by these people as the highest form of happiness and pleasure．”Do good to othersI． Other golden rules counsel us to master ourselves，to avoid excess and not to be a prosperous(发迹的) fool．There are also rules dealing with interpersonal relationships：Be a responsible human being and do not do evil things to others．J．“This is Hesiod，of course，a younger contemporary poet，we believe，with Homer,”Soupios says．“Hesiod offers an idea—which you very often find in some of the world’s great religions。
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2016年6月大学英语四级听力新题型样卷
2016年6月考试起将对四、六级考试的听力试题作局部调整：已经使用多年的的短对话和短文听写题型将退出历史舞台，取而代之的是新闻听力和学术讲座。
以下是小编为大家收集的对应2016年6月四级考试听力新题型样题卷，希望对大家有一定的帮助!
PartII ListeningComprehension (25minutes)
Section A
Directions: In this section, you will hear three news reports. At theend of each news report, you will hear two or three questions. Both the newsreport and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line throughthe centre.
Questions 1 and 2 will bebased on the following news item.
1. A) Christmas-timeattacks made by Somali rebels.
B) An explosion at a bus station in central Nairobi.
C) The killing of more than 70 Ugandans in Kampala.
D) Blasts set off by a Somali group in Uganda's capital.
2. A) On Christmas Eve. C) During a security check.
B) Just before midnight. D) In the small hours of the morning. Questions 3 and 4 will bebased on the following news item.
3. A) It is likely toclose many of its stores.
B) It is known for the quality of its goods.
C) It remains competitive in the recession.
D) It will expand its online retail business.
4. A) Expand itsbusiness beyond groceries.
B) Fire 25,000 of its current employees.
C) Cut its DVD publishing business.
D) Sell the business for one pound.
Questions 5 to 7 will be basedon the following news item.
5. A) All taxis beganto use meters.
B) All taxis got air conditioning.
C) Advertisements were allowed on taxis.
D) Old taxis were replaced with new cabs.
6. A) A low interestloan scheme. C) Taxi passengers' complaints.
B) Environmentalists' protests. D)Permission for car advertising.
7. A) There are no moreirregular practices.
B) All new cabs provide air-conditioning.
C) New cabs are all equipped with meters.
D) New legislation protects consumer rights.
Section B
Directions: In this section, you will hear two long conversations. Atthe end of each conversation, you will hear four questions. Both theconversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear aquestion, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B),C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.
Conversation One
Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
8. A) It has apartnership with LCP. C) Itspecializes in safety from leaks.
B) It is headquartered in London. D) It has a chemical processing plant.
9. A) He is a chemist. C) He is a safety inspector.
B) He is a salesman. D) He is Mr. Grand's friend.
10. A) The publicrelations officer. C) Directorof the safety department.
B) Mr. Grand's personal assistant. D) Headof the personnel department.
11. A) Wait for Mr. Grand tocall back.
B) Leave a message for Mr. Grand.
C) Provide details of their products and services.
D) Send a comprehensive description of their work.
Conversation Two
Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.
12. A)Teacher. C) Editor.
B) Journalist. D) Typist.
13. A) Some newlydiscovered scenic spot.
B) Big changes in the Amazon valley.
C) A new railway under construction.
D) The beautiful Amazon rainforests.
14. A) In news weeklies. C) In newspapers' Sunday editions.
B) In a local evening paper. D) In overseas editions of U.S. magazines.
15. A) To become aprofessional writer. C) To get her life story publishedsoon.
B) To be employed by a newspaper. D) To sell her articles toa news service.
Section C
Directions: In this section, you will hear three passages. At the endof each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and thequestions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark thecorresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.
Passage One
Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.<div class='pages'<ul id='page_slice'<li共2页: </li<li上一页</li<li
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