英语四级范文背诵60篇[2018年6月英语四级阅读范文动物中的声音]
2018年6月四级全套答案及听力原文
*注：2018年6月全国大学英语四级考试共有两套听力。
听力第一套Section ANews Report OneA message in a bottle sent out to sea by a New Hampshire man more than five decades ago was found 1500 miles away and he’s been returned to his daughter. The long lost message was discovered by Clint Buffington of Utah while he was vacationing. Buffington says he found a soda bottlehalf-buried in the sand that looked like it had been there since the beginning of time.The note inside the bottle said, "Return to 419 Ocean Street and receive a reward of $150 from Richard and Tina Pierce, owners of the beach Comber motel.The motel was owned by the Paula Pierce in 1960. Her father had written the notes as a joke and had thrown it into the Atlantic Ocean. Buffington flew to New Hampshire to deliver that message to Pola Pierce. She held up to her father's promise giving Buffington that reward. But the biggest reward is the message in a bottle finding its way back home.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. What is the news report mainly about?2. Why did Paula Pierce give Clint Buffington the reward?News Report TwoMillions of bees have died in South Carolina during aerial insect spraying operations that were carried out to combat the Zika virus. The insects spraying over the weekend left more than 2 million bees dead on the spot in Dorchester county South Carolina, where four travel-related cases of Zika disease have been confirmed in the area. Most of the deaths came from Flower Town Bee farm, a company in Somerville that sells bees and honey products. Juanita Stanley who owns the company said the farm looks like it's been destroyed. The farm lost about 2.5 million bees. Dorchester county officials apologized for the accidental mass killing of bees. Dorchester County is aware that some beekeepers in the area that was sprayed on Sunday lost their bee colonies. County manager Jason Ward said in a statement. “I'm not pleased that so many bees were killed.”Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. Why was spraying operations carried out in Dorchester County?4. What does the news reports say about Flower Town Bee farm?News Report ThreeThe world's largest aircraft has taken to the skies for the first time. The Airlander 10 spent nearly 2 hours in the air having taken off from Coddington airfield in Bedfordshire. During its flight it reached 3000 feet and performed a series of gentle turns all over a safe area. The aircraft is massive as long as a football field and as tall as 6 double decker buses and capable of flying for up to 5 days. It was first developed for the US government as a long range spy aircraft, but was abandoned following budget cutbacks. The aircraft cost 25 million pounds and can carry heavier loads than huge jet planes while also producing less noise and omitting less pollution. The makers believe it's the future of aircraft and one daywe'll be using them to go places. But there's still a long way to go. The Airlander will need to have 200 hours flying time before being allowed to fly by the aviation administration if it passes though we can hope we'll all get some extra legroom.Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. What do we learn about the first flight of the Airlander 10?6. What caused the US government to abandon the Airlander 10 as a spy aircraft?7. What is the advantage of the Airlander 10 over huge jet planes?Section BConversation OneM: Do you feel like going out tonight？W：Yeah，why not，we haven’t been out for ages, what’s on? M: Well, there’s a film about climate change. Does it sound good to you?W: No, not really, it doesn’t really appeal to me. What’s it about? Just climate change?M: I think it’s about how climate change affects everyday life.I wonder how they make it entertaining.W: Well, it sounds really awful, it’s an important subject I agree. But I am not in the mood for anything depressing. What else is on?M：There’s a Spanish dance festival.W: Oh, I love dance. That sounds really interesting.M: Apparently, it’s absolutely brilliant. Let’s see what it says in the paper. A leads an exciting production of the greatSpanish love story Kamen.W: Ok, then. What time is it on?M: At 7:30.W: Well, that’s no good. We haven’t got enough time to get there. Is there anything else?.There’s a comedy special on.W: Where’s it on?M: It’s at the city theater. It’s a charity comedy night with lots of different acts. It looks pretty good. The critic in thelocal the paper says it’s the funniest thing he’s ever seen. It says here Roger Whitehead is an amazing host to a night of fun performances.W: Em.. I am not keen on him. He is not very funny.M: Are you sure your fancy going out tonight? You are notvery enthusiastic.W: Perhaps you are right. Okay, let’s go to see the dance. But tomorrow, not tonight.M: Great, I’ll book the tickets online.Questions 8 and 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. What does the women think of the climate change?9. Why do the speakers give up going to the Spanish dance festival tonight?10. What does the critic say about the comedy performed at the city theater?11. What does the woman decide to do tomorrow?Conversation TwoW: Good morning Mr. Lee, May I have a minutes of your time? M: Sure Katherine, what can I do for you?W: I’m quiet anxious about transferring over to our college, I’m afraid I won’t fit in.M: don't worry Katherine, it’s completely normal for you to be nervous about transferring schools, this happens to many transfer students.W: Yes, I know, but I’m younger than most students in my year and that worries me a lot.M: Well, you may be the only younger one in your year, but you know, we have a lot of after-school activities you can join in, and so, this way, you will be able to meet new friends of different age groups.W: That’s nice, I love games and hobby groups.M: I’m sure you do, so will be just fine, don’t worry so much and try to make the most of what we have on offer here, also, remember that you can come to me anytime of the day if you need help.W: Thanks so much, I definitely feel better now, as a matter of fact, I’ve already contacted one of the girls who will be living in the same house with me, and she seemed really nice. I guess living on campus, I'll have a chance to have a close circle of friends, since we'll be living together.M: All students are very friendly with new arrivals. Let me check who would be living with you in your flat. Okay. There are Hannah, Kelly, and Bree. Bree is also a new student here, like you, I’m sure you two ‘ll have more to share with each other.Questions 12 and 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. Why does Katherine feel anxious?13. What does Mr. Lee encourage Katherine to do?14. What does Mr. Lee promised to do for Katherine?15. What do we learn about Katherine’schoolmate Bree?Section CPassage OneHave you ever felt like you would do just about anything to satisfy your hunger? A new study in mice may help to explain why hunger can feel like such a powerful motivating force. In the study, researchers found that hunger outweighed other physical drives, including fear, thirst and social needs.To determine which feeling won out, the researchers did a series of experiments. In one experiment, the mice were both hungry and thirsty. When given the choice of either eating food or drinking water, the mice went for the food, the researchers found. However, when the mice were well-fed but thirsty, they opted to drink, according to the study. In the second experiment meant to pit the mice's hunger against their fear, hungry mice were placed in a cage that had certain "fox-scented" areas and other places that smelled safer (in other words, not like an animal that could eat them) but also had food. It turned out that, when the mice were hungry, they ventured into the unsafe areas for food. But when the mice were well-fed, they stayed in areas of the cage that were considered "safe." Hunger also outweighed the mice's social needs, the researchers found. Mice are usually social animals and prefer to be in the company of other mice, according tothe study. When the mice were hungry, they opted to leave the company of other mice to go get food.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What is the researchers’purpose in carrying out the serious experiment with mice?17. In what circumstances, do mice venture into unsafe areas?18. What is said about mice at the end of the passage?Passage TwoThe United States has one of the best highway systems in the world. Interstate highways connect just about every large and mid-sized city in the country. Did you ever wonder why such a complete system of excellent roads exists? For an answer，you would have to go back to the early 1920s. In those years, just after World War I, the military wanted to build an American highway system for national defense. Such a system could, if necessary, move troops quickly from one area to another. It could also get people out of cities in danger of being bombed. So-called roads of national importance were designated, but they were mostly small country roads. In 1944, Congress passed a bill to upgrade the system, but did not fund the plan right away. In the 1950s, the plan began tobecome a reality. Over $25 billion was appropriated by congress, and construction began on about 40,000 miles of new roads. The idea was to connect the new system to existing expressways and freeways. And though the system was built mostly to make car travel easier, defense was not forgotten. For instance, highway overpasses had to be high enough to allow trailers carrying military missiles to pass under them. By 1974, this system was mostly completed. A few additional roads would come later. Quick and easy travel between all parts of the country was now possible.Questions 19 and 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What does the speaker say about the American highway system?20. What was the original purpose of building a highway system?21. When was the interstate highway system mostly completed?Passage ThreeTexting while driving was listed as a major cause of road deaths among young Americans back in 2013. A recent study said that 40% of American teens claim to have been in a carwhen the driver used a cell phone in a way that put people in danger. This sounds like a widespread disease but it's one that technology may now helped cure. T.J. Evarts, a 20-year-old inventor, has come up with a novel solution that could easily put texting drivers on notice. It's called Smart Wheel, and it's designed to fit over the steering wheel of most standard vehicles to track whether or not the driver has two hands on the wheel at all times. Evarts’invention warns the drivers with the light and the sound when they hold the wheel with one hand only, but as soon as they place the other hand back on the wheel the light turns back to green and the sound stops. It also watches for what's called “close by hands”, where both hands are close together near the top of the wheel so the driver can type with both thumbs and drive at the same time. All the data Smart Wheel collects is also sent to a connected app. So any parents who install Smart Wheel can keep track of the teens’driving habits. If they try to remove or damage the cover, that's reported as well.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What is a major cause of road deaths among young Americans?23. What is Smart Wheel?24. What happens if the driver has one hand on the wheel?25. How do parents keep track of their teens’driving habits?参考答案：ABBCA CDADC BDCAD BACDB ABACB听力第二套参考答案：Section A1. B) Scared.2. D) It was covered with large scales.3. A) A Study of the fast-food service.4. C) Increased variety of products.5. C) US government’s approval of private space missions.6. A) Deliver scientific equipment to the moon.7. B) It is promising.Section B8. D) Lying in the sun on a Thai beach.9. A) She visited a Thai orphanage10. D)His phone is running out of power.11. C ) He collects things from different countries.12. D) Trying out a new gym in town.13. C) A discount for a half-year membership.14. D) The operation of fitness equipment.15. C) She knows the basics of weight-lifting.Section C16. B) They often apply for a number of positions..A) Get better organized.18. D) Apply for more promising positions.19. B) If not forced to go to school, kids would be out in thestreets.20. D) Design activities they now enjoy doing on holidays.21. D)Take kids out of school to learn at first hand22. C) It is seen almost anywhere and on any occasion.23 D) It offers people a chance to socialize.24 A) Their state of mind improved.25 B) It is life.阅读第一套Section A26. E) constructed27. O) undertaken28. F) consulted29. C) collection30. N) scale31. I) eventually32. K) necessarily33. L) production34. A) cheaper35. J) heightSection B36. K）A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normally…37. D）“When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly(垄断), a new way to lock students around this system,”…38. M）Harper, a poultry（家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy a new access code to hand in her homework…39. G）The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, they’re the future…40. B）The codes—which typically range in price from ＄80 to ＄155 per course—give students online access to systems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson…41. L）Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeed News that…42. H）A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that “digital materials are less expensive and a good investment”that offer new features,…43. F）She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically $150-$200, to pay for the code…44. J）David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled out digital textbooks across its math and psychology departments,…45. C）But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos(观念) of the textbook business, and are even harder for students to opt out of…Section CPassage One开头英语为：Losing your ability46. A) Not all of them are symptoms of dementia.答案出处: There are pretty clear differences between signs of dementia and age-related memory loss.47. C) Communication within our brain weakens.答案出处: Changes in brain cells can affect communication between different regions of the brain.48. A) Totally forgetting how to do one's daily routines.答案出处: Forgetting how to operate a familiar object like a microwave oven, or forgetting how to drive to the house of a friend you’ve visited many times before can also be signs of something going wrong.49. C) Turn to a professional for assistance.答案出处: Daffner suggests going to your doctor to check on medications, health problems and other issues that could be affecting memory.50. D) Staying active both physically and mentally.答案出处: And the best defense against memory loss is to try to prevent by building up your brain's cognitive reserve.In other words, keep your brain busy and working. And also get physically active, because exercise is a known brain booster.Passage Two文章开头是A letter51. What happened to Darwin's letter in the 1970s?B) It was stolen more than once.答案出处：“We realized in the mid-1970s that it was missing,”…. likely taken by an intern (实习生)”…“The intern likely took the letter again once nobody was watchingit.”52. What did the FBI do after the recovery of the letter?A) They proved its authenticity.答案出处：Their art crime team recovered the letter but were unable to press charges because the time of limitations had ended. The FBI worked closely with the Archives to determine that the letter was both authentic and definitely Smithsonian’s property.53. What is Darwin's letter about?D) His acknowledgement for help from a professional.答案出处：The letter was written by Darwin to thank an American geologist, Dr. Ferdinand Vandeveer Hayden, for sending him copies of his research into the geology of the region that would become Yellowstone National Park.54. What will the Smithsonian Institution Archives do with the letter according to Kapsalis?D) Make it available online.答案出处：After it is repaired, we will take digital photos of it and that will be available online.55. What has the past half century witnessed according to Kapsalis?B) Radical changes in archiving practices.答案出处：…“Archiving practices have changed greatly since the 1970s,”says Kapsalis, “and we keep our high value documents in a safe…”阅读第二套Section A26-30 M N C J F 31-35 K L B I E26. M) pollutants27. N) restricted28. C) consequence29. J) innovation30. F) detail31. K) intended32. L) outdoor33. B) collaborating34. I) inhabitants35. E) creatingSection BAs Tourists Crowd Out Locals, Venice Faces “Endangered”List36. E Just beyond St. Mark’s Square…37. J Earlier this year …38. G Venice’s deadline passed with …39. C Venice is one of…40. N Then it hits him…41. F For a time, UNESCO, …42. B “People are cheering and holding …”43. L The city’s current mayor, Luigi Brugnaro …44. D Laura Chigi, a grandmother at the march, …45. H But UNESCO didn’t even hold a vote …Section CPassage one46. C) Help them build a positive attitude towards life.47. A) Earn more money.48. C) How long its positive effect lasts.49. D) Their communication with others improved.50. A) Find financial support.Passage Two51. C) They all experienced terrible misfortunes.52. B) The utmost comfort passengers could enjoy.53. A) It was a mere piece of decoration.54. D) The belief that they could never sink with adouble-layer body.55. A) She was used to carry troops.阅读第三套Section A26. C) cast27. L) replaced28. F) efficient29. J) professionals30. E) decorative31. G) electrified32. I) photographed33. B) approach34. K) quality35. H) identify长篇阅读n-American students have been eager participants…37.C.But instead of bringing families together…38.I.The issue of the stresses felt by students in elites school…39.E.The district has become increasingly popular with..40.B.With his letter…41.K.Not all public opinion…42.H.Jennifer Lee…43.D.About 10 minutes44.A.This fall…45.G.Both Asian-American and white families…Section C仔细阅读Passage One46. A) Senesa’s thinking is still applicable today.47. B) It is a teaching tool under development.48. C) It helps them learn their academic subjects better.49. D) They use various ways to explain the materials.50. B) Their emotional involvement.Passage Two51:D) They are beter educated than their counterparts.52 C ) They think it needs further improving.53. B) Job stability and flexibility.54. D) The balance between work and family.55. A) They still view this world as one dominated by males. 翻译第一套：过去，乘飞机出行对大多数中国人来说是难以想象的。
2018年6月英语四级第一套卷真题和答案
2018年6月英语四级第一套卷真题及答案Part I Writing （30 minutes）（请于正式开考后半小时内完成该部分，之后将进行听力考试）Directions： For this part， you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importance ofspeaking/writing/reading ability and how to develop it。
You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words。
［参考范文］It cannot be denied that reading plays a key role in people’s growth and development in any era。
The 21th century is a time of knowledge explosion and reading ability becomes increasingly important。
How to develop reading ability？ Based on this concrete and meaningful question， some steps should be taken。
First and foremost， the main growth in your reading skill and ability will come from reading as much as you cando。
Try to make a book list that you take interest in and make a practical plan。
Just as the proverb goes that，“Don’t bite off more than one can chew。
2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案听力原文与解析-
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to writea short essay on the importance of writing ability and howto develop it. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than180 words.【参考范文】No body could deny that writing is one of the basic abilities for men. Putit another way, it is unlikely to imagine human civilization without writing ability.At the top of the list, if we overlook the significance of writing ability, wewill suffer a great difficulty in our daily written communication. Inaddition to what has been mentioned above, it is advisable for us toattach importance to this ability because writing plays a key in ouracademic performance. To summarize,writing does carry a positive implication for our life and study.In view of the great value of writing ability, we should take actions todevelop this capability. For my part, initially, we are supposed to keep in mind that reading is the first step of writing, so we should read greatbooks as many as possible, learning from the great works how to write concisely and effectively. Moreover, owing to the fact that practicemakes perfect, we should frequently practice writing; for example, wemay develop the habit of keeping a diary.PartⅡListening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. Atthe end of each news report, you will hear two or threequestions. Both the news report and then questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) andD).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two longconversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hearfour questions. Both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have justheard.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At theend of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D）．Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.【参考答案】暂缺Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a listof choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog.Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the AmericanLung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United Statesfor levels of 26 . Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of thePacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾). Nor is the state’s had air 27 to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America foryear-round pollution. Residents’hearts and lungs are affected asa 28 .All of which, combined with California’s reputation as the home oftechnological 29 , makes the place ideal for developing and testingsystems designed to monitor pollution in 30 . And that is just whatAclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past fewmonths. It has been trying out monitoring that are 31 to yieldminute-to-minute maps of 32 air pollution. Such stations will also beable to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, includingoffices.To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google’s Street View system.Davida Herzl, Aclima’s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs ondays when San Francisco’s transit workers went on strike and the city’s 34 were forced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to work”days have done their job by 35 pollution lows.A.assistedB.collaboratingC.consequenceD.consumersE.creatingF.detailG.domesticH.frequentlyI.inhabitantsJ.innovationK.intendedL.outdoorM.pollutantsN.restrictedO.Sum【参考答案】.M pollutants ..N restricted .. C consequence . .J innovation .. F detail ..K intended ..L outdoor .33. B collaborating .34. I inhabitants .35. E creating.26. M pollutants . 解析：of前边是levels级别，等级的意思，of后应该是名词形式，翻译为_____的级别，根据文章首句说南加利福尼亚的雾霾是出了名的差可判断这篇文章关于坏境。
2018年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案 第3套
2018年6月英语四级阅读真题及答案第3套阅读真题阅读答案Neon (霓虹) is to Hong Kong as red phone booths are to London and fog is to San Francisco. When night falls, red and blue and other colors __26__ a hazy (雾蒙蒙的) glow over a city lit up by tens of thousands of neon signs. But many of them are going dark, __27__ by more practical, but less romantic, LEDs (发光二极管).Changing building codes, evolving tastes, and the high cost of maintaining those wonderful old signs have businesses embracing LEDs, which are energy __28__ , but still carry great cost. "To me, neon represents memories of the past," says photographer Sharon Blance, whose series Hong Kong Neon celebrates the city's famous signs. "Looking at the signs now I get a feeling of amazement, mixed with sadness."Building a neon sign is an art practiced by __29__ trained on the job to mold glass tubes into __30__ shapes and letters.They fill these tubes with gases that glow when __31__ . Neon makes orange, while other gases make yellow or blue. It takes many hours to craft a single sign.Blance spent a week in Hong Kong and __32__ more than 60 signs; 22 of them appear in the series that capture the signs lighting up lonely streets-an __33__ that makes it easy to admire their colors and craftsmanship. "I love the beautiful, handcrafted, old-fashioned __34__ of neon," says Blance. The signs do nothing more than __35__ a restaurant, theater, or other business, but do so in the most striking way possible.A.alternativeB.approachC.castD.challengingE.decorativeF.efficientG.electrifiedH.identifyI.photographedJ.professionalsK.quality L.replaced M.stimulate N.symbolizes O.volunteers阅读答案26.C27.L28.F29.J30.E31.G32.I33.B34.K35.H。
英语四级真题2018年6月份(第三套)试卷及答案解析
2018年6月四级考试真题（第三套）Part I Writing (30 minutes) Directions :几r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write a short essay on the importanceof speaking ability and how to develop it. You should write at least 120 words butno more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension说明：2018年6月四级真题全国共考了两套听力。
本套的听力内容与第二套的完全一样，只是选项的顺序不一样而巳Reading Comprehension (40 minutes) Part IDSection ADirections:/几th"i s section, there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of cho即es given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before makingyour choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for eachitem on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bankmore than once.An office tower on Miller Street in Manchester is completely covered in solar panels. They areused to create some of the energy used by the insurance company inside. When the tower wasfrrst 26 in 1962, it was covered with thin square stones. These small square stones becamea problem for the building and continued to fall off the face for 40 years until a major renovationwas 27 . During this renovation the building's owners, CIS, 28 the solar panel company, Solarcentury. They agreed to cover the entire building in solar panels. In 2004, the completed CIStower became Europe's largest 29 of vertical solar panels. A vertical solar project on such alarge 30 has never been repeated since.Covering a skyscraper with solar panels had never been done before ,and the CIS tower waschosen as one ofthe "10 best green energy projects" . For a long time after this renovation project, it was the tallest building in the United Kingdom, but it was 31 overtaken by the Millbank Tower.Green buildings like this aren't 32 cost-efficient for the investor, but it does produce muchless pollution than that caused by energy 33 through fossil fuels. As solar panels get 34 , the world is likely to see more skyscrapers covered in solar panels, collecting energy much liketrees do. Imagine a world where building the tallest skyscraper wasn't a race of 35 , but ratherone to collect the most solar energy.A)cheaper B)cleaner C)collectionD)competed E)constructed F)consultedG)dimension H)discovered I)eventuallyJ)height K)necessarily L)productionM)range N)scale0)undertakenSection BDirections: In this section, you are going to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived.You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questionsby marking the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2.Some College Students Are Angry That They Have to Pay to Do Their HomeworkA)Digital learning systems now charge students for access codes needed to complete coursework, t ake quizzes, andtum in homework. As universities go digital, students are complaining of anew hit to their finances that's replacing—and sometimes joining—expensive textbooks: priceyonline access codes that are required to complete coursework and submit assignments.B)The codes—which typically range in price from MYM80 to MYM155 per course—give students onlineaccess tosystems developed by education companies like McGraw Hill and Pearson. Thesecompanies, which long reaped big profits as textbook publishers, have boasted that their newonline offerings , when pushed to students through universities they partner with, represent thefuture of the industry.C)But critics say the digital access codes represent the same profit-seeking ethos (观念）of thetextbook business ,and are even harder for students to opt out of. W压le they could once buysecond-hand textbooks, or share copies with friends, the digital systems are essentially impossible to avoid.D)"When we talk about the access code we see it as the new face of the textbook monopoly (垄断），a new way tolock students around this system," said Ethan Senack, the higher educationadvocate for the U.S. Public Interest Research Group, to BuzzFeed News. "Rather than MYM250(for a print textbook) you're paying MYM120,"said Senack. " B ut because it's all digital it eliminates the used book market and eliminates any sharing and because homework and tests arethrough an access code, it eliminates any ability to opt out. "E)Sarina Harper, a 19-year-old student at Virginia Tech, was faced with a tough dilemma whenshe first startedcollege in 2015—pay rent or pay to tum in her chemistry homework. She toldBuzzFeed News that her freshman chemistry class required her to use Connect, a systemprovided by McGraw Hill where students can submit homework, take exams and track theirgrades. But the code to access the program cost MYM120—a big sum for Harper, who hadalready put down MYM450 for textbooks, and had rent day approaching.F)She decided to wait for her next work-study paycheck, which was typically MYM150-MYM200, topay for thecode. She knew that her chemistry grade may take a dive as a result. "It's abalancing act, "she said. " C an I really afford these access codes now?" She didn't hand in herfI T st two assignments for chemistry, which started her out in the class with a failing grade.G)The access codes may be another financial headache for students, but for textbook businesses, t hey're the future.McGraw Hill, which controls 21 %of the higher education market, reportedin March that its digital content sales exceeded print sales for the first time in 2015. Thecompany said that 45% of its MYM140 million revenue in 2015 "was derived from digital products. "H)A Pearson spokesperson told BuzzFeed News that "digital materials are less expensive and agood investment"that offer new features, like audio texts, personalized knowledge checks andexpert videos. Its digital course materials save students up to 60% compared to traditionalprinted textbooks, the company added. McGraw Hill didn't respond to a request for comment, b ut its CEO David Levin told the Financial Times in August that "in higher education ,the era ofthe printed textbook is now over. "I)The textbook industry insists the online systems represent a better deal for students. "Thesedigital products aren't just mechanisms for students to submit homework, they offer all kindsof features, "David Anderson, theexecutive director of higher education with the Associationof American Publishers, told BuzzFeed News. "It helps students understand in a way that youcan't do with print homework assignments. "J)David Hunt, an associate professor in sociology at Augusta University, which has rolled outdigital textbooks across its math and psychology departments, told BuzzFeed News that heunderstands the utility of u sing systems that require access codes. But he doesn't require hisstudents to buy access to a learning program that controls the class assignments. "I try tomake things as inexpensive as possible, "said Hunt, who uses free digital textbooks for hisclasses but designs his own curriculum. "The online systems may make my life a lot easier butl feel like I'm giving up control. The discussions are the things where my expertise can benefitthe students most. "K)A 20-year-old junior at Georgia Southern University told BuzzFeed News that she normallyspends MYM500-MYM600 on access codes for class. In one case, the professor didn't require students to buy a textbook, just an access code to tum in homework. This year she said she spentMYM900 on access codes to books and programs."That's two months of r ent," she said. "Youcan't sell any ofit back. With a traditional textbook you can sell it for MYM30-MYM50 and that helpsto pay for your new semester's books. With an access code, you're out of that money. "L)Benjamin Wolverton, a 19-year-old student at the University of South Carolina, told BuzzFeedNews that "it's ridiculous that after paying tens of thousands in tuition we have to pay for allthese access codes to do our homework. "Many of the access codes he's purchased havebeen required simply to complete homework or quizzes. "Often it's only 10% of y our grade inclass," he said. "You're paying so much money for something that hardly affects your grade—but if y ou didn't have it, it would affect your grade enough. It would be bad to start out at a Bor C." Wolverton said he spent MYM500 on access codes for digital books and programs thissemester.M)Harper, a poultry (家禽）science major, is taking chemistry again this year and had to buy anew access code to hand in her homework. She rented her economics and statistics textbooksfor about MYM20 each. But her access codes for homework, which can't be rented or boughtsecond-hand, were her most expensive purchases: MYM120 and MYM85.N)She still remembers the sting of h er frrst experience skipping an assignment due to the highprices. "We don't really have a missed assignment policy," she said. "If you miss it, you justmiss it. I just got zeros on a couple of frrst assignments. I managed to pull everything back up. B ut as a scared freshman looking at their grades, it's not fun."36.A student's yearly expenses on access codes may amount to their rent for two months.37.The online access codes may be seen as a way to tie the students to the digital system.38.If a student takes a course again, they may have to buy a new access code to submit theirassignments.39.McGraw Hill accounts for over one-fifth of t he market share of c ollege textbooks.40.Many traditional textbook publishers are now offering online digital products, which theybelieve will be thefuture of t he publishing business.41.One student complained that they now had to pay for access codes in addition to the hightuition.42.Digital materials can cost students less than half t he price of t raditional printed books accordingto a publisher.43.One student decided not to buy her access code until she received the pay for her part-time job.44.Online systems may deprive teachers of o pportunities to make the best use of th eir expertisefor their students.45.Digital access codes are criticized because they are profit-driven just like the textbook business. Section CDirections: There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice andmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.For thousands of years, people have known that the best way to understand a concept is toexplain it to someone else. "While we teach, we learn," said Roman philosopher Seneca. Nowscientists are bringing this ancient wisdom up-to-date. They're documenting why teaching is sucha fruitful way to learn, and designing innovative ways for young people to engage in instruction.Researchers have found that students who sign up to tutor others work harder to understandthe material, recall it more accurately and apply it more effectively. Student teachers score higheron tests than pupils who're learning only for their own sake. But how can children, still learningthemselves, teach others? One answer: They can tutor younger kids, Some studies have found that frrst-bom children are more intelligent than their later-born siblings (兄弟姐妹）. This suggests their higher IQs result from the time they spend teaching their siblings. Now educators are experimenting with ways to apply this model to academic subjects. They engage college undergraduatesto teach computer science to high school students, who in turn instruct middle school students onthe topic.But the most cutting-edge tool under development is the "teachable agent"—a computerizedcharacter who learns, tries, makes mistakes and asks q uestions just like a real-world pupil. Computer scientists have created an animated (动画的）figure called Betty's Brain, who has been "taught" about environmental science by hundreds of middle school students. Student teachers aremotivated to help Betty master certain materials. W压le preparing to teach, they organize theirknowledge and improve their own understanding. And as they explain the information to it, theyidentify problems in their own thinking.Feedback from the teachable agents further enhances the tutors'learning. The agents'questions compel student tutors to think and explain the materials in different ways, and watching theagent solve problems allows them to see their knowledge put into action.Above all, it's the emotions one experiences in teaching that facilitate learning. Student tutorsfeel upset when their teachable agents fail, but happy when these virtual pupils succeed as theyderive pride and satisfaction from someone else's accomplishment.46.What are researchers rediscovering through their studies?A)Seneca's thinking is still applicable today.B)Better learners will become better teachers.C)Human intelligence tends to grow with age.D)Philosophical thinking improves instruction.47.What do we learn about Betty's Brain?A)It is a character in a popular animation.B)It is a teaching tool under development.C)It is a cutting-edge app in digital games.D)It is a tutor for computer science students.48.How does teaching others benefit student tutors?A)It makes them aware of what they are strong at.B)It motivates them to try novel ways of teaching.C)It helps them learn their academic subjects better.D)It enables them to better understand their teachers.49.What do students do to teach their teachable agents?A)They motivate them to think independently.B)They ask them to design their own q uestions.C)They encourage them to give prompt feedback.D)They use various ways to explain the materials.50.What is the key factor that eases student tutors'learning?eir emotlonal involvement.A)Their sense of responsibility.B)Th· C)The learning strategy acquired.D) Passage Two Questions 51 to 55 are based on the following passage.The teaching expenence gained.A new batch of young women —members of the so-called Millennial (千禧的）generation —has been entering the workforce for the past decade. At the starting line of their careers, they arebetter educated than their mothers and grandmothers had been —or than their young male counterparts are now. But when they look ahead, they see roadblocks to their success. They believe thatwomen are paid less than men for doing the same job. They think it's easier for men to get topexecutive jobs than it is for them. And they assume that if and when they have children, itwi且beeven harder for them to advance in their careers.While the public sees greater workplace equality between men and women now than it did 20-30 years ago, most believe more change is needed. Among Millennial women, 75% say this country needs to continue making changes to achieve gender equality in the workplace, compared with57% of Millennial men. Even so, relatively few young women (15%) say they have been discriminated against at work because of their gender.As Millennial women come of age they share many of the same views and values about workas their male counterparts. They want jobs that provide security and flexibility, and they placerelatively little importance on high pay. At the same time, however, young working women are lesslikely than men to aim at top management jobs: 34% say they're not interested in becoming a bossor top manager; only 24% of young men say the same. The gender gap on this question is evenwider among working adults in their 30s and 40s, when many women face the trade-offs that gowith work and motherhood. These findings are based on a new Pew Research Center survey of 2 , 002 adults, including 8 l OMillennials (ages 18-32), conducted Oct. 7-27, 2013. The survey finds that, in spite of the dramatic gains women have made in educational attainment and labor force participation in recentdecades , young women view this as a man's world —j ustas middle-aged and older women do. 51.What do we learn from the frrst paragraph about Millennial women starting their careers?A)They can get ahead only by striving harder.B)They expect to succeed just like Millennial men.C)They are generally quite optimistic about their future.D)They are better educated than their male counterparts.52.How do most Millennial women feel about their treatment in the workplace?A)They are the target of discrimination.B)They find it satisfactory on the whole.C)They think it needs further improving.D)They find their complaints ignored.53.What do Millennial women value most when coming of age?A)A sense of accomplishment.B)Job stability and flexibility.C)Rewards and promotions.D)Joy derived from work.54.What are women in their 30s and 40s concerned about?A)The welfare of their children.B)The narrowing of the gender gap.C)The fulfillment of their dreams in life.D)The balance between work and family.55.What conclusion can be drawn about Millennial women from the 2013 survey?A)They still view this world as one dominated by males.B)They account for half the workforce in the j ob market.C)They see the world differently from older g enerations.D)They do better in work than their male counte rp arts.Part IV Translation (30 minutes) Directions : 的r this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to translate a passage f rom Chinese into English. You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.公交车曾是中国人出行的主要交通工具。
大学英语四视听阅读英语翻译
1在世界各地,如西非,成群的蝗虫,瘟疫的损伤面积通常达到灾难性的比例。
有时,国家数十亿蝗虫袭击,可以轻易进入整个地区,贪婪地吃一切。
一个群沙漠蝗虫可以每天消费超过70000吨的植被,足以养活2亿人。
蝗虫是世界上最具有破坏性的昆虫之一,和对一些人来说,他们想起的画面恐怖和破坏。
这些看似无害的昆虫有毁灭性的影响一个国家的粮食储备大量出现。
这些disaster-causing昆虫生活几乎在世界各地,所以他们能影响很多人,然而,有一个大陆蝗虫根本不存在的地方。
目前,北美是地球上唯一大陆不在家的蝗虫,但有趣的是,这并不总是真的。
数百年来,落基山脉蝗虫是一个非常常见的害虫在美国西部,造成大规模破坏农业经济作物和昂贵的干扰。
然而,在1800年代末,一个非常奇怪的现象涉及落基山脉蝗虫的发生。
这种情况在历史上多次被记录的人目睹了它,几乎没有文档,事件似乎不真实。
早在1800年代中期,成千上万的先驱人在美国西部的马拉战车寻找免费土地覆盖,开阔的空间和新的机会。
他们定居在西方国家的边境,并开始农场土地集约,种植玉米和其他作物。
他们从土壤中难以谋生,工作数日将地球为宜耕字段只使用马匹,犁,很多汗水。
然后在1875年,从哪来的,这是一种罕见的气流、干旱、和基本生物学产生正确的条件,一个不可思议的事件。
这是有史以来最糟糕的风暴的记录:一个巨大的风暴的蝗虫,“完美的蜂群。
这个巨大的质量饥饿昆虫地平线上出现一个奇怪的,乌云,云不包括数百万甚至数十亿,但是数以万亿计的昆虫,生活龙卷风席卷大地像。
那些看到了从来没有忘记他们目睹了令人难以置信的事件和幸存下来。
蝗虫群聚集在德克萨斯州,并很快迅速穿过边境的巨大破坏性的云近3000公里。
当人们看到云出现在天空,他们完全惊讶,然后很自然地成为了害怕。
农民们以前从未见过像蜂群,并立即开始运行领域他们的房子的庇护和安全。
蝗虫的风暴保持移动和传播来自德克萨斯州北部地区现在被称为俄克拉何马州,堪萨斯州、内布拉斯加、南和北达科他。
全网最全——2018年6月英语四级真题听力原文及答案解析
全网最完整2018年四级必备2018年6月英语四级真题听力原文及答案解析（完整版）Section ANews Report OneA message in a bottle sent out to sea by a New Hampshire man more than five decades ago was found 1500 miles away and he’s been returned to his daughter. The long lost message was discovered by Clint Buffington of Utah while he was vacationing. Buffington says he found a soda bottle half-buried in the sand that looked like it had been there since the beginning of time.The note inside the bottle said, "Return to 419 Ocean Street and receive a reward of $150 from Richard and Tina Pierce, owners of the beach Comber motel.The motel was owned by the Paula Pierce in 1960. Her father had written the notes as a joke and had thrown it into the Atlantic Ocean. Buffington flew to New Hampshire to deliver that message to Pola Pierce. She held up to her father's promise giving Buffington that reward. But the biggest reward is the message in a bottle finding its way back home.Questions 1 and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard.1. What is the news report mainly about?2. Why did Paula Pierce give Clint Buffington the reward?News Report TwoMillions of bees have died in South Carolina during aerial insect spraying operations that were carried out to combat the Zika virus. The insects spraying over the weekend left more than 2 million bees dead on the spot in Dorchester county South Carolina, where four travel-related cases of Zika disease have been confirmed in the area. Most of the deaths came from Flower Town Bee farm, a company in Somerville that sells bees and honey products. Juanita Stanley who owns the company said the farm looks like it's been destroyed. The farm lost about 2.5 million bees. Dorchester county officials apologized for the accidental mass killing of bees. Dorchester County is aware that some beekeepers in the area that was sprayed on Sunday lost their bee colonies. County manager Jason Ward said in a statement. “I'm not pleased that so many bees were killed.”Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. Why was spraying operations carried out in Dorchester County?4. What does the news reports say about Flower Town Bee farm?News Report ThreeThe world's largest aircraft has taken to the skies for the first time. The Airlander 10 spent nearly 2 hours in the air having taken off from Coddington airfield in Bedfordshire. During its flight it reached 3000 feet and performed a series of gentle turns all over a safe area. The aircraft is massive as long as a football field and as tall as 6 double decker buses and capable of flying for up to 5 days. It was first developed for the US government as a long range spy aircraft, but was abandoned following budget cutbacks. The aircraft cost 25 million pounds and can carry heavier loads than huge jet planes while also producing less noise and omitting less pollution. The makers believe it's the future of aircraft and one day we'll be using them to go places. But there's still a long way to go. The Airlander will need to have 200 hours flying time before being allowed to fly by the aviation administration if it passes though we can hope we'll all get some extra legroom.Questions 5 and 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. What do we learn about the first flight of the Airlander 10?6. What caused the US government to abandon the Airlander 10 as a spy aircraft?7. What is the advantage of the Airlander 10 over huge jet planes?Section BConversation OneM: Do you feel like going out tonight？W：Yeah，why not，we haven’t been out for ages, what’s on?M: Well, there’s a film about climate change. Does it sound good to you?W: No, not really, it doesn’t really appeal to me. What’s it about? Just climate change?M: I think it’s about how climate change affects everyday life. I wonder how they make it entertaining.W: Well, it sounds really awful, it’s an important subject I agree. But I am not in the mood for anything depressing. What else is on?M：There’s a Spanish dance festival.W: Oh, I love dance. That sounds really interesting.M: Apparently, it’s absolutely brilliant. Let’s see what it says in the paper.A leads an exciting production of the great Spanish love story Kamen.W: Ok, then. What time is it on?M: At 7:30.W: Well, that’s no good. We haven’t got enough time to get there. Is there anything else?M: There’s a comedy special on.W: Where’s it on?M: It’s at the city theater. It’s a charity comedy night with lots of different acts. It looks pretty good. The critic in the local the paper says it’s the funniest thing he’s ever seen. It says here Roger Whitehead is an amazing host to a night of fun performances.W: Em.. I am not keen on him. He is not very funny.M: Are you sure your fancy going out tonight? You are not very enthusiastic.W: Perhaps you are right. Okay, let’s go to see the dance. But tomorrow, not tonight.M: Great, I’ll book the tickets online.Questions 8 and 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. What does the women think of the climate change?9. Why do the speakers give up going to the Spanish dance festival tonight?10. What does the critic say about the comedy performed at the city theater?11. What does the woman decide to do tomorrow?Conversation TwoW: Good morning Mr. Lee, May I have a minutes of your time?M: Sure Katherine, what can I do for you?W: I’m quiet anxious about transferring over to our college, I’m afraid I won’t fit in.M: don't worry Katherine, it’s completely normal for you to be nervous about transferring schools, this happens to many transfer students.W: Yes, I know, but I’m younger than most students in my year and that worries me a lot.M: Well, you may be the only younger one in your year, but you know, we have a lot of after-school activities you can join in, and so, this way, you will be able to meet new friends of different age groups.W: That’s nice, I love games and hobby groups.M: I’m sure you do, so will be just fine, don’t worry so much and try to make the most of what we have on offer here, also, remember that you can come to me anytime of the day if you need help.W: Thanks so much, I definitely feel better now, as a matter of fact, I’ve already contacted one of the girls who will be living in the same house with me, and she seemed really nice. I guess living on campus, I'll have a chance to have a close circle of friends, since we'll be living together.M: All students are very friendly with new arrivals. Let me check who would be living with you in your flat. Okay. There are Hannah, Kelly, and Bree. Bree is also a new student here, like you, I’m sure you two ‘ll have more to share with each other.Questions 12 and 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. Why does Katherine feel anxious?13. What does Mr. Lee encourage Katherine to do?14. What does Mr. Lee promised to do for Katherine?15. What do we learn about Katherine’ schoolmate Bree?Section CPassage OneHave you ever felt like you would do just about anything to satisfy your hunger?A new study in mice may help to explain why hunger can feel like such a powerful motivating force. In the study, researchers found that hunger outweighed other physical drives, including fear, thirst and social needs.To determine which feeling won out, the researchers did a series of experiments. In one experiment, the mice were both hungry and thirsty. When given the choice of either eating food or drinking water, the mice went for the food, the researchers found. However, when the mice were well-fed but thirsty, they opted to drink, according to the study. In the second experiment meant to pit the mice's hunger against their fear, hungry mice were placed in a cage that had certain "fox-scented" areas and other places that smelled safer (in other words, not like an animal that could eat them) but also had food. It turned out that, when the mice were hungry, they ventured into the unsafe areas for food. But when the mice were well-fed, they stayed in areas of the cage that were considered "safe." Hunger also outweighed the mice's social needs, the researchers found. Mice are usually social animals and prefer to be in the company of other mice, according to the study. When the mice were hungry, they opted to leave the company of other mice to go get food.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. What is the researchers’purpose in carrying out the serious experiment with mice?17. In what circumstances, do mice venture into unsafe areas?18. What is said about mice at the end of the passage?Passage TwoThe United States has one of the best highway systems in the world. Interstate highways connect just about every large and mid-sized city in the country. Did you ever wonder why such a complete system of excellent roads exists? For an answer，you would have to go back to the early 1920s. In those years, just after World War I, the military wanted to build an American highway system for national defense. Such a system could, if necessary, move troops quickly from one area to another. It could also get peopleout of cities in danger of being bombed. So-called roads of national importance were designated, but they were mostly small country roads. In 1944, Congress passed a bill to upgrade the system, but did not fund the plan right away. In the 1950s, the plan began to become a reality. Over $25 billion was appropriated by congress, and construction began on about 40,000 miles of new roads. The idea was to connect the new system to existing expressways and freeways. And though the system was built mostly to make car travel easier, defense was not forgotten. For instance, highway overpasses had to be high enough to allow trailers carrying military missiles to pass under them. By 1974, this system was mostly completed. A few additional roads would come later. Quick and easy travel between all parts of the country was now possible.Questions 19 and 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. What does the speaker say about the American highway system?20. What was the original purpose of building a highway system?21. When was the interstate highway system mostly completed?Passage ThreeTexting while driving was listed as a major cause of road deaths among young Americans back in 2013. A recent study said that 40% of American teens claim to have been in a car when the driver used a cell phone in a way that put people in danger. This sounds like a widespread disease but it's one that technology may now helped cure. T.J. Evarts, a 20- year-old inventor, has come up with a novel solution that could easily put texting drivers on notice. It's called Smart Wheel, and it's designed to fit over the steering wheel of most standard vehicles to track whether or not the driver has two hands on the wheel at all times. Evarts’invention warns the drivers with the light and the sound when they hold the wheel with one hand only, but as soon as they place the other hand back on the wheel the light turns back to green and the sound stops. It also watches for what's called “close by hands”, where both hands are close together near the top of the wheel so the driver can type with both thumbs and drive at the same time. All the data Smart Wheel collects is also sent to a connected app. So any parents who install Smart Wheel can keep track of the teens’ driving habits. If they try to remove or damage the cover, that's reported as well.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. What is a major cause of road deaths among young Americans?23. What is Smart Wheel?24. What happens if the driver has one hand on the wheel?25. How do parents keep track of their teens’ driving habits?参考答案：ABBCA CDADC BDCAD BACDB ABACB1.A)The return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter2.B)She wanted to honor her father's…3.B) Several cases of Zika disease had been identifed4.C)It lost a huge stock of bees.5.A)It stayed in the air for about two hours6.C) Inadequate funding7.D)It is more environmentally friendly8.A)lt seems a depressing topic.9.D)They can't make it to the theater10.C) It is the most amusing show he has ever seen11.B) Go and see the dance12.D) She worries she wont ft in as a transfer student.13.C) Participate in after-school activities14.A) Give her help whenever she needs15.D) She has just transferred to college16.B) To fnd out which physical drive is the most powerful17.A) When they are hungry18.C) They prefer to be with other mice19.D) It is one of the best in the world20.B) To move troops quickly from place to place21.A) in the 1970s22.B) Messaging while driving23.D) A device to ensure people drive with both hands24.C) They are alerted with a light and a sound25.B) Using a connected app1. A）The return of a bottled message to its owner's daughter.【解析】根据原文：A message in a bottle sent out to sea by a New Hampshire man more than five decades ago was found 1500 miles away and he’s been returned to his daughter.可以得到答案。
2018年6月大学英语四级考试真题及参考答案听力原文与解析
Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part，you are allowed 30 minutes to writea short essay on the importance of writing ability and howto develop it. You should write at least 120 words but nomore than180 words.【参考范文】No body could deny that writing is one of the basic abilities for men. Put it another way, it is unlikely to imagine human civilization without writing ability.At the top of the list, if we overlook the significance of writing ability, we will suffer a great difficulty in our daily written communication. In addition to what has been mentioned above, it is advisable for us to attach importance to this ability because writing plays a key in our academic performance. To summarize,writing does carry a positive implication for our life and study.In view of the great value of writing ability, we should take actions to develop this capability. For my part, initially, we are supposed to keep in mind that reading is the first step of writing, so we should read great books as many as possible, learning from the great works how to write concisely and effectively. Moreover, owing to the fact that practicemakes perfect, we should frequently practice writing; for example, we may develop the habit of keeping a diary.PartⅡListening Comprehension ( 25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section, you will hear three news reports. Atthe end of each news report, you will hear two or threequestions. Both the news report and then questions will bespoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choosethe best answer from the four choices marked A），B), C) andD).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions l and 2 are based on the news report you have just heard. Questions 3 and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard. Questions 5 to 7 are based on the news report you have just heard.Section BDirections: In this section, you will hear two longconversations. At the end of each conversation, you will hearfour questions. Both the conversation and the questions willbe spoken only once. After you hear a question, you mustchoose the best answer from the four choices marked A），B），C)and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on AnswerSheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Questions 12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.Section CDirections:In this section, you will hear three passages. At theend of each passage, you will hear three or four questions.Both the passage and the questions will be spoken onlyonce. After you hear a question, you must choose the bestanswer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D）．Thenmark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a singleline through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard. Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.【参考答案】暂缺Part ⅢReading Comprehension ( 40 minutes) Section ADirections: In this section, there is a passage with ten blanks.You are required to select one word for each blank from a listof choices given in a word bank following the passage. Readthe passage through carefully before making your choices.Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please markthe corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 witha single line through the centre. You may not use any of thewords in the bank more than once．Questions 26 to 35 are based on the following passage.Since the 1940s, southern California has had a reputation for smog. Things are not as bad as they once were but, according to the American Lung Association, Los Angeles is still the worst city in the United States for levels of 26 . Gazing down on the city from the Getty Center, an art museum in the Santa Monica Mountains, one would find the view of thePacific Ocean blurred by the haze (霾). Nor is the state’s had air 27 to its south. Fresno, in the central valley, comes top of the list in America for year-round pollution. Residents’hearts and lungs are affected asa 28 .All of which, combined with California’s reputation as the home oftechnological 29 , makes the place ideal for developing and testing systems designed to monitor pollution in 30 . And that is just what Aclima, a new firm in San Francisco, has been doing over the past few months. It has been trying out monitoring that are 31 to yieldminute-to-minute maps of 32 air pollution. Such stations will also be able to keep an eye on what is happening inside buildings, including offices.To this end, Aclima has been 33 with Google’s Street View system.Davida Herzl, Aclima’s boss, says they have revealed pollution highs on days when San Francisco’s transit workers went on strike and the city’s 34 were forced to use their cars. Conversely, “cycle to work”days have done their job by 35 pollution lows.A.assistedB.collaboratingC.consequenceD.consumersE.creatingF.detailG.domesticH.frequentlyI.inhabitantsJ.innovationK.intendedL.outdoorM.pollutantsN.restrictedO.Sum【参考答案】.M pollutants . .N restricted .. C consequence . .J innovation .. F detail ..K intended ..L outdoor .33. B collaborating .34. I inhabitants .35. E creating.26. M pollutants . 解析：of前边是levels级别，等级的意思，of后应该是名词形式，翻译为_____的级别，根据文章首句说南加利福尼亚的雾霾是出了名的差可判断这篇文章关于坏境。
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英语四级范文背诵60篇[2018年6月英语四级阅读范文动物
中的声音]
Not all sounds made by animals serve as language, and we have only to turn to that extraordinary discovery of echolocation (回声定位) in bats to see a case in which the voice plays a strictly practical role.
To get a full appreciation of what this means we must turn first to some recent human inventions. Everyone knows that if he shouts near a wall or a mountainside, an echo will e back. The further off this solid obstacle, the longer time it will take for the return of the echo. A sound made by tapping on the main body of a ship will be reflected from the sea bottom, and by measuring the time interval between the taps and the receipt of the echoes the depth of the sea at that point can be calculated. So was born the echo-sounding equipment, now in general use in ships. Every solid object will reflect a sound, varying aording to the size and nature of the object. A shoal of fish will do this. So it is a paratively simple step from locating the sea bottom to locating a shoal of fish. With experience, and with improved equipment, it is now possible not
only to locate fish but to tell if it is herring, cod, or other well-known fish, by the pattern of its echo.
A few years ago it was found that certain bats emit squeaks (吱吱声) and by receiving "he echoes they could locate and steer clear of obstacles--or locate flying insects on which they feed. This echolocation in bats is often pared with radar, the principle of which is similar.
练习题：
Choose correct answers to the question:
1.The main purpose of this passage is to ______.
A. describe that animals can make different sounds
B. prove that animals" voices can play practical roles
C. inspire the readers to make more inventions
D. startle the readers with some shocking facts
2. The discovery of echolocation may help with all of the following EXCEPT
A. measuring the depth of the sea
B. distinguishing different kinds of fish
C. improving the functions of radar
D. varying the size and nature of an object
3. By saying "A shoal of fish will do this"(Lines 6-7, Para.
2), the author means ________.
A. only one special kind of fish can reflect sounds
B. only one special kind of fish can be used to help locate a ship
C. a large group of fish can reflect sounds
D. a large group of fish can be used to help locate a ship
4. As it is discussed in the passage, the squeaks of bats can be functionally pared with ________.
A. human languages
B. a mountainside
C. a shoal of fish
D. taps on a ship
5. Which of the following statements can be inferred from the passage?
A. Animals are more intelligent than humans.
B. Humans are more intelligent than animals.
C. Animals are often pared with human inventions.
D. Humans are often inspired by animals.
1.[B] 主旨大意题。
文章第1段就点明主题，明确指出以蝙蝠为例，动物发出的声音有实际作用，只有B可以概括文章的这个写作目的。
2.[C] 事实细节题。
本题考査列举处，可用排除法解答。
A、B、C在文中都有相关提及。
D利用第2段中的varying制造干扰。
在原文中，指的是回声因障碍物的不同而不同，而D偷换概念、曲解文意，D中的varying为及物动词，意为“改变”,显然不可能是回声定位的发现带来的功效。
3.[C] 词义推断题。
本题考查对shoal的词义推测及代词this 的理解。
依据第2段最后几句话,可推测出a shoal of fish指的是“海里的一群鱼”;this则是指上一句提到的“任何固体都可以反射声音”，因此这句话表明一大群鱼就能像一个固体一样反射声音。
4.[D] 推理判断题。
根据最后一段可知，蝙蝠发出吱吱声可以探测障碍物的距离，而第2段也指出轻敲船体可测知海底的距离，因此在功能上,D与蝙蝠的吱吱声相同。
A中的human languages在文中未提到;B和C在文中各自的例子中充当的都是障碍物的角色，因此都不正确。
5.[D] 推理判断题。
文章先说动物的回声定位功能,再说到回声定位探测仪的发明,由此可见，是动物的某些能力启发了人类的创造，因此只有D可从文中推测。
文章并没有从智力方面比较人类和动物，因此可以排除A 和B;尽管文章说到了蝙蝠和雷达的原理相似，但是C中的often一词无据可循，且C的说法浮于表面，没有说到重点，故排除。
内容仅供参考。