研究生英语课文翻译第十单元
研究生英语1—9单元课文+翻译
Unit 1Ghosts for Tea' Ten pence for a view over the bay' . said the old man with the telescope.'Lovely clear morning. Have a look at the old lighthouse and the remains of the great shipwreck of 1935.'Ten pence was sheer robbery, but the view was certainly magnificent.Cliffs stretched into the distance, sparkling waves whipped by the wind were unrolling on to the beach,and a few yachts,with creamy-white sails, were curving and dodging gracefully on the sea . Just below,a flock of seagulls were screaming at one another as they twisted and glided over the water. A mile out to sea, the old lighthouse stood on a stone platform on the rocks, which were being greedily licked by the waves. In no way indeed did I grudge my money. As I directed the telescope towards the lighthouse, the man beside me tapped my wrist.' Have you heard about the terrible tragedy that occurred there in that lighthouse?' he asked in a hushed whisper.'I imagine there may be plenty of legends attached to such a dramatic-looking place' , I suggested.'It's no legend' , declared the old man. 'My father knew the two men involved.lt all took place fifty years ago to-day. Let me tell you.His voice seemed to grow deeper and more dramatic.'For a whole week that lighthouse had been isolated by storms' , he began, 'with terrifying seas surging and crashing over the rocks. People on shore were anxious about the two men working there. They'd been on the best of terms until two or three weeks before, when they had quarrelled over cards in the village inn. Martin had accused Blake of cheating. Blake had vowed to avenge the insult to his honour. But thanks to the wise advice of a man they both respected, they apologised to each other, and soon seemed to have got over their disagreement. But some slight resentment and bitterness remained. and it was feared that the strain of continued isolation and rough weather might affect their nerves, though, needless to say, their friends had no idea how serious the consequences would be.'Fifty years ago to-night,no light appeared in the tower, and only at two o'clock in the morning did the beam suddenly start to flash out its warning again.'The next morning the light was still visible. The storm had almost blown itself out, so a relief boat set out to investigate. A grim discovery awaited the crew . The men's living-room was in a horrifying state. The table was over-turned: a pack of playing cards was scattered everywhere: bloodstains splashed the floor. The relief men climbed the winding stair to the lantern room and there discoveredMartin's body, crouched beside the burning lamp. He had been stabbed and was dead. Two days later, Blake's body was washed up. scratched, bruised, and terribly injured.' Only then could we really start guessing what had happened. This great tragedy could only have been due to a renewal of their quarrel. Bored and depressed as a result of their isolation, Martin and Blake must have started to play cards. Again suspecting cheating, Martin had accused his former friend of dishonesty; a fight had broken out and Blake had seized his knife. In a fit of madness he had attacked his companion, who had fallen mortally wounded. Then, appalled by what he had done, the loneliness, the battering of wind and waves, Blake had rushed to the parapet and flung himself on to the rocks below, where the sea had claimed him.'But Martin was still alive. Hours later, after darkness had fallen, he had recovered consciousness. He remembered his job of lighting the lamp; suffering intense pain, the poor wretch crawled slowly up the winding staircase, dragging himself from step to step till he got to the lantern. At his last ' gasp he managed to light this before finally collapsing.'For years afterwards it was said that the lighthouse was haunted, and, owing to these stories, they didn't have any applicants for the job of lighthouse-keeper from among the superstitious local inhabitants. And now they say that on every anniversary of that day, especially when the sea is rough, you can stand in the living-room, hear the cards failing and the sound of angry cries, see the flash of a blade,and then glimpse a figure rushing to the parapet. And then you hear the slow dragging of a body from step to step towards the room above.'The old man paused and I turned to go.'By the way' , he added, 'have you any free time this afternoon? If so, why don't you have teain the lighthouse? We are putting on a special boat trip to-day. We're charging a pound. And my brother, who bought the old lighthouse when they built the new one just on the point, can serve very good teas there - included in the price of the boat trip - a bargain, considering the problem of obtaining the food. And if you are at all sensitive to the supernatural, you're likely to have an unusual, perhaps an uncanny experience there.I eyed him appreciatively. 'You're wasting your talents' , I said. 'You should have been a fiction writer. ''You don't believe it? exclaimed the old man indignantly.'I'd find it a job,' I answered. ' My father, Henry Cox, started as keeper of that lighthouse fifty- two years ago, and he and Jim Dowley, now retired on a pension, were in charge for ten years. Come and see my dad one day with that tale; he'd enjoy it' .But the old man had already turned his attention to a more likely client.Google翻译：“10便士比湾景”。
新世纪研究生英语教程(第四版)课文译文第10单元
Unit 10为何要争权夺利科学正在解释男人们永无休止地争强好胜的生物学根源乔弗雷·考利[1] 成吉思汗不是一个为性别角色而烦恼的人,他放纵性欲、追逐权力, 而且毫不讳言。
"人之快乐莫过于征服敌人,令其俯首称臣 ", 这位皇帝曾经叫嚣到,"夺其马匹,掠其财物。
"13 世纪早期,成吉思汗征服了当时已知世界的三分之二,建立了一个西起东欧、东至朝鲜的蒙古帝国。
他还可能创下了生物学家所称的生殖成功的最高历史纪录, 在他死后33年写成的一份材料认为,其子孙后代达20,000 人。
今天, 研究人员认为,8%生活在原蒙古帝国的人可能拥有这位伟人的基因。
[2] 自成吉思汗以来,男人们的行为举止已经有了显著的改进, 一夫多妻制在几百年前已不再流行,即使是暴君现在也否认掠夺和压迫是理想的手段。
然而在内心,我们和800年前没什么不同,也就是说, 我们是权位的追逐者。
我们可能会谈论平等与友爱, 我们可能会努力消除阶级差别。
然而,我们却在继续构筑等级制度,并在其中争权夺利。
我们是否可以摒弃这一趋势? 或许不能。
因为科学家们发现争权夺利并不仅仅是一种习惯或文化传统,它是雄性心理的固有特征——一种根植于神经系统并且由荷尔蒙和脑化学物质控制的生物驱动力。
这种渴望统治的驱动力扭曲我们的感知、玷污我们的友谊、左右我们的情绪和影响我们的健康,但这种动力并不总是给我们带来负面效应。
等级制度不仅产生争斗和不公,也能创造和谐。
即使我们无法消除等级制度,但毫无疑问,我们可以使它们变得更加有益。
[3] 男性并不是唯一追逐权位的人,但在生命的每个阶段,我们对此都比女性更加执著。
研究表明,与女孩相比,男孩十三个月时更任性,蹒跚学步时更具攻击性,几乎在所有年龄段都更好胜。
女生通常做集体游戏,而男生从六岁便开始建立等级关系,并通过暴力游戏加以维持。
青少年时期,我们比女孩更爱吹嘘、威吓他人、与别人争抢。
新世纪研究生公共英语教材阅读B课文翻译第9.10.13.14单元
Unit 9 动物的情感劳拉·坦利非常的开心，浪漫的爱情，悲痛的哀悼，科学家说宠物和野生动物也有感情。
1一头在阿根廷海岸附近的水域中游动的露脊鲸，在众多热烈追求她的求偶中只选出一名幸运儿。
“完婚之后，两头露脊鲸并排在水中徜徉，它们用鳍肢相互抚摸，最后又一起在水中滚动，看上去就像在相互拥抱。
然后，两头露脊鲸开始游向远方，鳍肢相互触摸，慢慢并排游动，一会潜入水中，一会又浮出水面，它们动作完美和谐，直至最终在视线中消失。
2在坦桑尼亚，致力于研究黑猩猩行为的灵长类动物学家记录了一个黑猩猩群落中享年50岁的“女族长”弗洛死后发生的一些事情。
弗洛的儿子弗林特第二天一整天都坐在母亲的尸体旁边，有时还会抓住她的手发出几声呜咽。
在此后的几个星期里，弗林特的情绪越来越低落，它离群索居并且不再进食，尽管他的兄弟姐妹设法想让他回到群体中来。
终于，在弗洛死后的第三个星期，原本年轻健康的黑猩猩弗林特也死了。
3悲伤过度的黑猩猩？坠入情网的海洋巨兽？由于深爱迪斯尼卡通片中感性多情的动物性形象的影响，很多人会说这两个真实的故事更加证实了他们认为动物有人类般强烈感情的看法。
从他们的角度来看，全国六千一百万拥有宠物的人完全不需要提供什么证据来证实宠物狗和宠物猫会生气、郁闷、得意洋洋——甚至会嫉妒或困窘。
最近在动物行为学和神经生物学之类的边缘学科的研究证实了这种普遍看法。
其他的证据只是些轶事趣闻，特别是一些有关宠物的事，例如狗会在失去心爱的同伴后变得沮丧，甚至死去。
但是轶闻趣事——或用科学的术语称之为案例研究——现在已经获得了研究动物行为的研究人员的重视。
正如科罗拉多大学的生物学家马克·贝科夫所说：“大量的轶事趣闻就是数据。
”4但是，许多科学家仍然对动物也有情感的观点持有异议。
研究人员之所以会表示怀疑，部分原因是他们出于职业习惯讨厌拟人论，因为他们认为这是一种将人类的特性强加在非人类生物身上的毫无科学根据的主观倾向。
研究生公共英语教材阅读B第3、4、10、11、14课文原文及翻译
Unite 3 Doctor’s Dilemma: Treat or Let Die?Abigail Trafford1. Medical advances in wonder drugs, daring surgical procedures, radiation therapies, and intensive-care units have brought new life to thousands of people. Yet to many of them, modern medicine has become a double-edged sword.2. Doctor’s power to treat with an array of space-age techniques has outstripped the body’s capacity to heal. More medical problems can be treated, but for many patients, there is little hope of recovery. Even the fundamental distinction between life and death has been blurred.3. Many Americans are caught in medical limbo, as was the South Korean boxer Duk Koo Kim, who was kept alive by artificial means after he had been knocked unconscious in a fight and his brain ceased to function. With the permission of his family, doctors in Las Vegas disconnected the life-support machines and death quickly followed.4. In the wake of technology’s advances in medicine, a heated debate is taking place in hospitals and nursing homes across the country --- over whether survival or quality of life is the paramount goal of medicine.5. “It gets down to what medicine is all about, ” says Daniel Callahan, director of the Institute of Society, Ethics, and the Life Sciences in Hastings-on-Hudson, New York. “Is it really to save a life? Or is the larger goal the welfare of the patient?”6. Doctors, patients, relatives, and often the courts are being forced to make hard choices in medicine. Most often it is at the two extremes of life that these difficultyethical questions arise --- at the beginning for the very sick newborn and at the end for the dying patient.7. The dilemma posed by modern medical technology has created the growing new discipline or bioethics. Many of the country’s 127 medical s chools now offer courses in medical ethics, a field virtually ignored only a decade ago. Many hospitals have chaplains, philosophers, psychiatrists, and social workers on the staff to help patients make crucial decisions, and one in twenty institutions has a special ethics committee to resolve difficult cases.Death and Dying8. Of all the patients in intensive-care units who are at risk of dying, some 20 percent present difficult ethical choices --- whether to keep trying to save the life or to pull back and let the patient die. In many units, decisions regarding life-sustaining care are made about three times a week.9. Even the definition of death has been changed. Now that the heart-lung machine can take over the functions of breathing and pumping blood, death no longer always comes with the patient’s “last gasp” or when the heart stops beating. Thirty-one states and the District of Columbia have passed brain-death statutes that identify death as when the whole brain ceases to function.10. More than a do zen states recognize “living wills” in which the patients leave instructions to doctors not to prolong life by feeding them intravenously or by other methods if their illness becomes hopeless. A survey of California doctors showed that 20 to 30 percent were following instructions of such wills. Meanwhile, the hospicemovement, which its emphasis on providing comfort --- not cure --- to the dying patient, has gained momentum in many areas.11. Despite progress in society’s understanding of death and dying, t heory issues remain. Example: A woman, 87, afflicted by the nervous-system disorder of Parkinson’s disease, has a massive stroke and is found unconscious by her family. Their choices are to put her in a nursing home until she dies or to send her to a medical center for diagnosis and possible treatment. The family opts for a teaching hospital in New York city. Tests show the woman’s stroke resulted from a blood clot that is curable with surgery. After the operation, she says to her family: “Why did you bring me back to this agony?” Her health continues to worsen, and two years later she dies.12. On the other hand, doctors say prognosis is often uncertain and that patients, just because they are old and disabled, should not be denied life-saving therapy. Ethicists also fear that under the guise of medical decision not to treat certain patients, death may become too easy, pushing the country toward the acceptance of euthanasia.13. For some people, the agony of watching high-technology dying is too great. Earlier this year, Woodrow Wilson Collums, a retired dairyman from Poteet, Texas, was put on probation for the mercy killing of his older brother Jim, who lay hopeless in his bed at a nursing home, a victim of severe senility resul ting from Alzheimer’s disease. After the killing, the victim’s widow said: “I think God, Jim’s out of his misery. I hate to think it had to be done the way it was done, but I understand it. ”Crisis in Newborn Care14. At the other end of the life span, technology has so revolutionized newborn carethat it is no longer clear when human life is viable outside the womb. Newborn care has got huge progress, so it is absolutely clear that human being can survive independently outside the womb. Twenty-five years ago, infants weighting less than three and one-half pounds rarely survived. The current survival rate is 70 percent, and doctors are “salvaging” some babies that weigh only one and one-half pounds. Tremendous progress has been made in treating birth deformities such as spina bifida. Just ten years ago, only 5 percent of infants with transposition of the great arteries --- the congenital heart defect most commonly found in newborns --- survived. Today, 50 percent live.15. Yet, for many infants who owe their lives to new medical advances, survival has come at a price. A significant number emerge with permanent physical and mental handicaps.16. “The question of treatment and nontreatment of seriously ill newborns is not a single one,”says Thomas Murray of the Hastings Center. “But I feel strongly that retardation or the fact that someone is going to be less than perfect is not good grounds for allowing an infant to die.”17. For many parents, however, the experience of having a sick newborn becomes a lingering nightmare. Two years ago, an Atlanta mother gave birth to a baby suffering from Down’s Syndrome, a form of mental retardation; the child also had blocked intestines. The doctors rejected the parents’ plea not to operate, and today the child, severely retarded, still suffers intestinal problems.18. “Every time Melanie has a bowel movement, she cries,” explains her mother.“She’s not able to take care of herself, and we won’t live forever. I wanted to save her from sorrow, pain, and suffering. I don’t understand the emphasis on life at all costs, and I’m very angry at the doctors and the hospital. Who will take care of Melanie after we’re gone? Where will you doctors be then?”Changing Standards19. The choices posed by modern technology have profoundly changed the practice of medicine. Until now, most doctors have been activists, trained to use all the tools in their medical arsenals to treat disease. The current trend is toward nontreatment as doctors grapple with questions not just of who should get care but when to take therapy away.20. Always in the background is the threat of legal action. In August, two California doctors were charged with murdering a comatose patient by allegedly disconnecting the respirator and cutting off food and water. In 1981, a Massachusetts nurse was charged with murdering a cancer patient with massive doses of morphine but was subsequently acquitted.21. Between lawsuits, government regulations, and patients’ rights, many doctors feel they are under siege. Modern technology actually has limited their ability to make choices. More recently, these actions are resolved by committees.Public Policy22. In recent years, the debate on medical ethics has moved to the level of national policy. “It’s just beginning to hit us that we don’t have unlimited resources,” says Washington Hospital Center’s Dr. Lynch. “You can’t talk about ethics without talkingethics without talking about money.”23. Since 1972. Americans have enjoyed unlimited access to a taxpayer-supported, kidney dialysis program that offers life-prolonging therapy to all patients with kidney failure. To a number of police analysts, the program has grown out of control --- to a $1.4billion operation supporting 61,000 patients. The majority are over 50, and about a quarter have other illness, such as cancer or heart disease, conditions that could exclude them from dialysis in other countries.24. Some hospitals are pulling back from certain lifesaving treatment. Massachusetts General Hospital, for example, has decided not perform heart transplants on the ground that the high costs of providing such surgery help too few patients. Burn units --- through extremely effective --- also provide very expensive therapy for very few patients.25. As medical scientists push back the frontiers of therapy, the moral dilemma will continue to grow for doctors and patients alike, making the choice of to treat the basic question in modern medicine.1. 在特效药、风险性手术进程、放疗法以及特护病房方面的医学进展已为数千人带来新生。
研究生科技英语阅读课文翻译(1-10)
Unit 1 Genetically modified foods -- Feed the World?If you want to spark a heated debate at a dinner party, bring up the topic of genetically modified foods. For many people, the concept of genetically altered, high-tech crop production raises all kinds of environmental, health, safety and ethical questions. Particularly in countries with long agrarian traditions -- and vocal green lobbies -- the idea seems against nature.如果你想在某次晚宴上挑起一场激烈的争论，那就提出转基因食品的话题吧。
对许多人来说，高科技的转基因作物生产的概念会带来诸如环境、健康、安全和伦理等方面的各种问题。
特别是在有悠久的农业生产传统和主张环保的游说集团的国家里，转基因食品的主意似乎有悖自然。
In fact, genetically modified foods are already very much a part of our lives. A third of the corn and more than half the soybeans and cotton grown in the US last year were the product of biotechnology, according to the Department of Agriculture. More than 65 million acres of genetically modified crops will be planted in the US this year. The genetic is out of the bottle.事实上，转基因食品已经成为我们生活重要的一部分。
《研究生英语阅读教程中高级本》Unit1-7、Unit10课文翻译
Unit1在美国人们庆祝母亲节与父亲节，然而父母亲所受到的礼物却是不尽相同的，这篇文章研究这个问题的原因。
我们必须正视这么一个事实，丝绸领带伤害了感情。
（人们在表达感情是受到某种约束）尽管上个周末父亲节使这个五月充满了150万张纪念卡和多得使线路堵塞的长途电话，但是父亲们都明白，父亲节也是收到对方付费电话和收到引以为傲最新款领带最多的一天。
虽然老爸们不介意父亲节母亲节的差异，但是这却反映了父母亲在子女成长中的所扮演的各自不同角色。
Scott Coltrane说道，父亲节半正式的礼物说明了我们对父亲情感的矛盾的文化。
Wellford,s,c感情丰富，但是他承认在父亲节上他很难将他的感情完全地表达出来。
随着年龄的增长，他对父亲越来越有距离感，看他更像个英雄。
作为成年人他说，我对他的情感越来越深，但是我仍然会送他幽默卡和一些实用的礼物。
随着时间的改变，对父亲的态度也随之发生改变。
例如，Mr.Bridges他自己就一个已经需要照顾三个孩子的父亲。
Mr.Bridges说道：“我整年里每天都是父亲节”他并不介意这个周末他得到什么。
他经常将信藏在他孩子的背包里，告诉他们他已他们为骄傲。
最近，他的小儿子将写着“我爱你，老爸”的课堂作业藏在了他的公文包里，以作为得到赞许的回应。
Mr.Bridges说:“那比买卡片好多了”。
象Mr.Bridges这样的男人，在孩子生活中起如此积极作用，在万神殿里，父亲节的地位应该得到提升。
Ralph LaRossa《现代父权》的作者，细致地将父权文化与父权行为进行了比较。
但是，也有人说，美国人庆祝父权已经与今天的老爸们并驾齐驱了。
Frederic Brunel说：“性别角色与性别行为是随着时间的改变而改变的”。
这里有许多可能已经正在发生的标志。
例如，沃尔玛商品的特点，很少因老爸对尿片的糊涂而改变，而更多的是直面情感。
Bella Sant减肥浴场，推出了一种无微不至的项目包括修指甲和美容；以及提供令人安神的喷泉疗养和欧洲香皂。
研究生英语综合教程(上)Unit10
Starting out
Now watch a video about Princeton University. Listen carefully and complete the blank-filling exercise.
Starting out
1. 2. Princeton University is located in Princeton, New Jersey diverse surroundings in the suburban historic town of___________________ including farmlands and forests. One of the things that we’ve seen in the last years is __________________in the class. the gender balance Princeton offers one of the strongest financial aid programs in the country. That’s why 58% of undergraduates receive financial aid that’s not needed to be paid back ______________. Some of the most popular majors in Princeton are molecular biology and engineering politics, history, _______________________________. Our faculties are leaders in their fields and they’re intellectual limits in terms of their pushing back _________________ research.
研究生英语综合教程下unit10_原文+翻译
研究生英语综合教程下unit10_原文+翻译Unit 10Almost all of us have heard about General Motors trying to sell their Nova model in Latin America and finding out that “no va” in Spanish literally means “it doesn’t go”. And of course, there was the famous first try of Coca Cola in China,when the translation of the soft drink’s name read “bite the wax tadpole”.1我们几乎都听说过这样一个销售案例:美国通用汽车公司试图在拉丁美洲销售他们的Nova车型，结果发现在西班牙语中，“no va”的字面意思是“它走不了”。
当然，同样有名的还有另外一个案例:可口可乐第一次登陆中国市场时，这种软饮料的名字被译成“蛾蚌啃蜡”。
But cultural awareness in marketing is a lot more than careful translation. There are subtleties and nuances to every culture, and there are just plain tablls. Although most people wouldn’t be able to list the rules of their own culture, they certainly know when those rules are violated. Our own culture tendd to be “invisible” to us, while differences we run into when abroad strike as strange, funny or extrotic. So how much more difficult it to discern the unwritten rules of another country?2但是市场营销中的文化意识却远远不只是小心谨慎的翻译而已。
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10.科 学 危 险 吗？
1．知识是危险的这一观念在我们的文化中根深蒂固。圣经中的亚当和夏娃 被禁食“智慧之树”上的果实，而弥尔顿《失乐园》中的蛇将此树称为“科学之母”。 当亚当试图向天使长拉斐尔询问有关宇宙本质的问题时，拉斐尔建议他最好“知 之甚少”。事实上，西方文献中有大量关于科学家扰乱自然界，而后导致灾难后 果的记载。科学家被描绘成一群冷酷和无视伦理道德的人。
6．如果客观冷静地审视以往的事实，我们很难发现科学家在有关研究中表 现出有悖伦理的行为。例如最近在英国和其它地方出现的疯牛病现象，以及在法 国引起轩然大波的由输血导致的艾滋病丑闻中，我们发现与某些人所宣称的现象 完全不同，科学家在这些事件中并未表现出任何违反公共伦理道德的行为。
7．科学研究中最明显的不道德行为是优生运动。这一运动的科学理据至为 关键：人类绝大多数的特征（好的或不好的）均为遗传。进行此项研究的科学家 未能全面评价这一观点的可靠性，对这一观点的后果也是考虑不周。更有甚者， 也是更应受到谴责的是，这批科学家似乎在一种他们认为是有益于社会的观念的 驱使之下，得出有关的结论。与此相反，那些共同研究原子弹的科学家的行为表 现得十分合乎伦理。他们承担各自的社会责任，知会政府有关原子理论可能会产 生的社会影响。是否制造原子弹的决策权在于政治家，而不是科学家。那么应不 应该赋予科学家同样的决策权呢？对那些进行优生研究的德国科学家而言，他们 本应该感到作为科学家和公民之间的义务冲突。
10．将基因工程运用于实际中需要有渊博的学识，另外，更为重要的是需要 资金。而资金对大多数科学家而言一般很难获得。事实上，在政府资助的研究中， 如果将基因研究和分子生物学研究成果应用于临床实践，会出现难以抉择的局面：
新的医学治疗手段由于需要通过繁杂的技术程序，不可能提供给所有需要治疗的 病人。这需要一定的配给政策来权衡。而这一点恰恰向人们提出了更为严峻的伦 理道德难题，这一难题远比基因工程以及类似研究提出的伦理道德问题更值得人 们去深思熟虑。基因研究的危险所在
5．无论发明什么样的这方面没有任何特殊的权利或能力。如果要求科学家 承担更多的社会义务，并赋予他们特权进行相关的决策，那么将会出现严重的危 机。科学家所承担的社会责任有别于他们与其他公民共同分担的社会义务（例如 支持民主社会或尊重他人权益），这种责任源于他们具备专业的知识去了解世界 的本质，而普通人未能拥有这些知识。科学家的义务是公开他们的研究成果以及 有关的技术应用对社会可能产生的影响，同时还需对研究的可靠性加以评价。在 大多数的科学研究领域，就公众而言，某一理论的对错无关紧要，然而在某些领 域，如有关人类和植物基因的研究，理论的是非会变得至关重要。
11．基因研究会对社会产生什么样的危害呢？“生物伦理学”是一门旨在解答 此类问题的新兴行业。但是人们应该审慎看待这一领域，因为生物伦理学家们只 热衷于发掘一些棘手的难题。不过，这一领域也的确有所贡献，例如，在英国人 类胚胎实验研究方面和胎儿权利等方面所提出的建议。但是，基因研究所取得的 进步并未带来什么新的伦理问题——例如目前人人都在争论的克隆技术就未涉 及任何新的伦理道德问题。
8．那么，当作为研究者的义务和作为受雇者的义务之间发生冲突时，科学 家应该如何行事呢？受雇于政府部门的科学家是否应该默许上司向公众隐瞒某 类食品有害的真情呢？同样，在化学制品公司工作的科学家如果知道某一产品有 危害，但其工作合同却注明他必须严守研究机密时，他又将站在哪一方的伦理道 德立场上呢？在上述两种情形下，科学家均不应该低估这样的事实：他们需要权 衡的利弊本身就是一件十分棘手的难题。此类难题与其他行业人员所遇到的问题 一样。例如，一位会计发现公司财务上出现贪污现象，如果他向上司汇报了有关 情况，但上司却未采取任何行动，那么该会计就面临难以抉择的处境。科学家同 其他任何人一样，应该尽量不要成为任由雇主支配的无声工具。 泛滥的基因宣 传
2．那么科学真地是危险的吗？科学家需要肩负起特定的社会责任吗？我们 必须认识到，可靠的科学知识并不负载道德或伦理的价值。科学只告诉我们世界 为何等模样：我们人类不处于宇宙的中心这一事实本身无好坏之分；基因会影响 我们的智力和行为这一可能性亦无优劣之别。道德义务
3．当科学研究在现实生活中进行时，就会带来危害性及有关的伦理问题， 例如涉及人或其它动物的实验；或是将研究成果用于技术实施；又或是相关的研 究涉及到人们的安全问题。由此可见，科学和技术之间有一重要区别：科学知识 旨在了解自然，而技术却是运用这一知识制造产品或将这一知识运用于实际目的。
4．科学研究推导有关世界本质的观念，而技术观念则旨在制造可使用的产 品。技术远比科学源远流长。而且没有科学的指引，单凭技术也发展了诸如农业 和金属制造业之类的行业。我认为 19 世纪之前，科学实际上未对技术做出太多 的贡献——即使是那些辉煌的技术成果，如蒸汽机和文艺复兴时期的大教堂，也 是在没有任何科学观念的影响下，通过当时人们富于想象的反复试验完成的。
9．“基因工程”一词本身让人联想起弗兰肯斯坦和他的怪物——玛丽·雪莱无 意间成为基因科学的始作俑者——这一传统在文学作品中来源已久（例如先前的 《勇敢新世界》、《蒙罗博士岛》等作品），还有最近的《侏罗纪公园》和《哥拉 斯》等电影。媒体十分清楚这一现象，而且频繁地进行我称之为泛滥成灾的基因 宣传报道——通常是故意制造耸人听闻的报道。一个令人作呕的例子就是四处张 贴的一幅图片，一只老鼠背上生出一只“人耳”——其实根本不是人耳，而是一片 类似软骨的东西。报纸上大肆刊登过分夸张并且无法证实的头条消息，例如“弗 兰肯斯坦食品”之类的极端愚蠢的话语充斥英国有关基因改造有机体的报道之中。