浙江大学远程教育学院习题集

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浙江大学远程教育学院模拟试题答案

浙江大学远程教育学院模拟试题答案课程代码名称18030740兽医微生物学与免疫学年级专业（层次）畜牧兽医专升本一、填空题(20分，每空1分)1. 吕文虎克(Antony van Leeuwenhoek)2. 微米(micrometer, μm)3. 球状(菌)、杆状(菌)、螺旋状(菌)4. 细胞壁、细胞膜、细胞质、核体5. 营养物质、温度、酸碱度、渗透压、气体环境6. 酵母菌、霉菌、担子菌7. 立克次体8. 中枢免疫器官、外周免疫器官二、名词解释(30分，每题5分)1. LD50：即半数致死量(median lethal dose)，是指能使接种的实验动物在感染后一定时限内死亡一半所需的微生物量或毒素量。

2. 质粒：是细菌染色体外的遗传物质，多为环状闭合双螺旋DNA分子。

质粒带有遗传性息，能自身复制，随宿主菌分裂传到子代菌体，并非细菌生长所必需。

3. SPF动物：即无特定病原体动物(specific parhogen-free animals)，是指不存在某些特定的具有病原性或潜在病原性微生物的动物。

4. 细胞病变：病毒感染导致的细胞损伤称之为细胞病变，简称CPE，可在光学显微镜下观察，是病毒学检测及研究的常手段之一。

5. 抗原决定簇：抗原分子表面具有特殊立体构型和免疫活性的化学基团称为抗原决定簇，由于其通常位于抗原分子表面，又称为抗原表位。

6. 单克隆抗体：由一个B细胞分化增殖的子代细胞(浆细胞)产生的针对单一抗原决定簇的抗体称为单克隆抗体(monoclonal antibody, McAb)。

三、简答题(30分，每题10分)1. 细菌对革兰氏染色呈现阳性(紫色)和阴性(红色)两种反应的结果，一般认为与细菌细胞壁的结构与组成有关。

细菌经初染和媒染后，细胞膜或原生质染上了不溶于水的结晶紫等与碘的复合物，革兰氏阴性菌的细胞壁含脂类较多，当以95%乙醇脱色时，脂类被溶去，而肽聚糖少，且交联疏松，不易收缩，在细胞壁中形成的孔隙较大，结晶紫与碘的复合物极易被溶解脱出，最后被红色染料复染成红色。

物理化学习题集(离线必做)

浙江大学远程教育学院《物理化学》课程作业（必做）姓名：学号：年级：2014春药学学习中心：杭州学习中心—————————————————————————————第一章热力学第一定律一、填空题1. △U=Q+W 适用于宏观上静止且无外力场存在的封闭系统。

2. △H=Q P 的适用条件是封闭系统在非体积功为0且等压。

3. 系统的性质分为广度性质和强度性质。

4. 水（101325Pa ，273.15K ）在等温等压下凝结成冰（101325Pa ，273.15K ）过程的W 小于零（填“小于”、“大于”或“等于” ）。

二、简答题1. 什么是系统？什么是环境？答：将一部分物质从其他部分中划分出来，作为研究的对象，这一部分物质就称为系统；系统之外与系统密切相关的部分称为环境。

2. 什么是热力学第一定律？答：将能量守恒与转化定律应用于宏观的热力学系统即为热力学第一定律。

三、计算题1. 1 mol 单原子理想气体在298K 时，分别按下列三种方式从15.00dm 3膨胀到40.00 dm 3：（1）自由膨胀；（2）等温可逆膨胀；（3）在恒定外压为终态压力下等温膨胀。

分别求上述三种过程的Q 、W 、ΔU 和ΔH 。

答：（1）自由膨胀；0)(0)(1212e ＝＝＝V V V V p W -⨯--因为理想气体的热力学能和焓都只是温度的函数，而理想气体自由膨胀过程温度不变，所以：ΔU =ΔH =f (T )＝0 （2）等温可逆膨胀；因为理想气体的热力学能和焓都只是温度的函数，所以等温过程ΔU=ΔH=0W=-nRTln(v2/v1)=-1x8.314x298ln(40/15)=-2430J Q=-w=2430J（3）在恒定外压为终态压力下等温膨胀。

ΔU=ΔH=0P=nRT/V=(1×8.314×298)/(40/1000)=61.94KPa W=-61.94 × (40-15) =-1548.5J Q=-w=1548.5J2. 已知298.2K 时，NaCl(s)、H 2SO 4(l)、Na 2SO 4 (s)和HCl(g)的标准摩尔生成焓分别为-411、-811.3、-1383和-92.3 kJ·mol -1，求下列反应2NaCl(s) + H 2SO 4(l) = Na 2SO 4(s) + 2HCl(g)在298.2K 时的△r H m ө。

浙江大学远程教育学院《远程学习入门》课程自测题及答案

浙江大学远程教育学院《远程学习入门》课程自测题及答案浙江大学远程教育学院《远程学习入门》课程自测题及答案2012－4-21一、单选题（每小题1分，共25题25分）1、远程学习的模式是______________。

（答案：A）A、以课件自主学习为主，辅以必要的教学辅导B、以书本学习为主，教师讲课辅导C、以课件自主学习为主，学院没有辅导D、以面授学习为主2、课程学习应以________ 内容为主。

（答案：A）A、视频课件B、教材C、答疑讨论D、A类课件3、用于了解要完成学业需学习哪些课程、课程的开课学期、每门课程的教学环节构成（有否实验）、每门课程的性质（学位课、必修课、选修课等）、每门课程的教学时数安排、以及每门课程的考核方式（考试或考查）的教学指导文件是_____________。

（答案：B）A、《课程导学》B、《专业教学计划》C、《院历》D、《开考计划》4、用于了解学校一学期或一学年的教学活动日程安排（包括开学日期、报到注册日期、开始上课日期、考试日期、学期结束日期、开始放假日期等，以及还规定了重要活动和重要节假日的安排的教学指导文件是________________。

（答案：C）A 、《开课计划》 B、《专业教学计划》 C、《院历》 D、《开考计划》5、教师根据其进行教学，且按照其规定的教学要求范围进行命题，学生用其可了解一门课程的教学要求、教学进度、作业计划（题目、时间、方式）、实验计划等，同时可以起到课程考试复习提纲的教学指导文件是_____________。

（答案：A）A、《课程导学》B、《专业教学计划》C、《院历》D、《开考计划》6、《课程导学》教学要求中的不同措词，表达了对课程内容不同掌握程度的描述。

其中_______措词表达了对课程考试重点的要求。

（答案：D）A、理解B、了解、知道C、一般了解D、熟练掌握、掌握、能、会7、教学计划的查看，以______为准。

（答案：C）A、招生简章B、学习中心资料C、学院网上教学资源D、专业委员会通知8、按教育部规定，专升本和大专层次的最低修业年限均为______年。

浙江大学远程教育学院试题卷

浙江大学远程教育学院试题卷．浙江大学远程教育学院试题卷学年秋季学期2005-2006习入门0001001现代远程学习中心课程代码名称学 2005级年级）升本升学、药学（专本/高护理号学（专业层次）姓名分）分，共18一、填空题（每格1址院网教江大学远程育学、1浙) ________________________(教科网_____ 或____________ _____________（网通）或 ____________________（电信）。

___________________ 2、我院学分制操作平台网址。

____、我院网上下载实时课视频内容的服务器地址3址器地的。

网通服务________________________名用户________________________。

_________________。

________________，密码址地箱的E-mail生院医学类学服务信4、我____________________ 电线师热教____，医学类。

___________________________话_________ ___、我院助学课件的浏览方式有和5________________。

6、凡具有我院正式学籍的学生最长的有效学习年限为_____年。

7、我院护理学、药学专业专升本层次申请学位的有效期为______年。

（专升本层次做）我院护理学、药学专业高升本层次申请学位的有效页 11 共页 2 第期为______年。

（高升本层次做） 8、我院每学时卫星授课时间为________分钟。

9、大专起点本科三年制学生在课程学分有效期内各学期不及格课程累计超过_______学分（含该学分）且重修及格者。

（专升本层次做）高中起点本科学生在课程学分有效期内各学期首次不及格课程累计超过_______学分（含该学分）且重修及格者，将不授予学位。

（高升本层次做） 10、用于了解要完成学业需学习哪些课程、课程的开课学期、每门课程的教学环节构成（有否实验）、每门课程的性质（学位课、必修课、选修课等）、每门课程的教学时数安排、以及每门课程的考核方式（考试或考查）的教学指导文件是_____________。

2021.8浙大远程离线作业

2021.8浙大远程离线作业----38531408-6ea1-11ec-99b4-7cb59b590d7d浙江大学远程教育学院考查课《法律基础》课程作业姓名：年级：学号：学习中心：―――――――――――――――――――――――――――――一、简答题（共6小题，每小题5分，共30分）1.立法的概念和程序？2.简述我国公民的政治权利和自由。

3.民事法律行为无效的条件是什么？第1页共4页4.代理的概念和特点。

5.合同的概念及特征。

6.中国刑罚的概念和类型。

二、案例分析题（共4小题，每小题10分，共40分）1.刘、张、曲和王是同学和朋友。

一天，四人共同投资200元（含每人50元）参观长城。

第二天中午回到学校时，我发现只剩下8元钱了。

碰巧学校门口的相关人员正在出售福利彩票，每张2元。

刘建议8元不值得分享。

只要买四张福利彩票，每人一张，也许就能赢得大奖。

其他三人立即同意了。

于是他们买了四张福利彩票，每人各分一张。

我立即兑现奖品，发现曲的福利彩票中了头奖，奖金1000元，其他三人没有中奖。

因此，其他三人要求与瞿平分1000元奖金。

瞿认为福利彩票已分发给个人，中奖者应属于他。

他不同意平分他们。

四人对此进行了辩论，另外三人向法院起诉，要求依法处理。

法院应该如何处理。

第2页共4页2、甲方在2022年7月5日授权甲方以甲方名义销售甲方的笔记本电脑，价格不得低于8000元。

B的朋友c想花6000元买下它。

B对C说：“我们都是好朋友。

A说最低价格是8000元，但我想他会同意以6000元的价格卖给你。

”然后，乙方以甲方的名义以6000元的价格将笔记本电脑出售给丙方。

请使用您的法律知识分析交易的法律效力。

3.1999年4月1日，某报纸刊登了一则消息：曹雪芹后裔申请《红楼梦》版权。

曹雪芹第16代孙曹某，现定居北京，去年获得一本流失民间的曹氏家谱，查明自己是曹雪芹的后裔，遂决定向国家版权机构申请拥有《红楼梦》版权。

这则新闻是这家报纸的编辑们，在4月1日“愚人节”制造的虚假新闻。

浙江大学远程教育学院试题卷

浙江大学远程教育学院试题卷浙江大学远程教育学院试题卷高升本入学考模拟题（一）课程代码名称英语教学站___________________________ 年级专业（层次）高升本所有专业准考证号_____ 姓名______________ [注意]完成本卷上选择题部分时,请考生用H B或2B铅笔将答题卡相对应的选项涂黑涂满,浓度应盖过印刷字。

做在试卷上或未按上述要求答题的作零分计。

主观题部分用钢笔或原珠笔完成。

I 语音知识(5%): 在下列各组单词中，有一个单词的划线部分与其他单词的划线部分的读音不同；找出这个词，并在答题卡上把该词相应的字母涂黑。

1. A) pollute B) population C) situation D) excuse2. A) patient B) nation C) relation D) question3. A) cough B) touch C) enough D) tough4. A) cousin B) captain C) certainly D) command5. A) narrow B) majority C) hand D) satisfyII 词汇语法知识(30%): 在所给选项中选出最佳答案，并把答题卡上相应的字母涂黑。

6. The robber has a knife __________ in the arm.A) hurt B) harm C) injury D) wound7. ______________ a young woman, the office was empty.A) Except B) Except for C) But for D) Besides8. The clock ___________ twelve just now.A) struck B) beat C) sounded D) displayed9. Rose is one of the top students who ____________ by the headmaster.A) were praised B) was praised C) have praised D) has praised10. The Second World War ____________ in 1939.A) broke down B) broke into C) broke out D) broke up11. Mr. Black ______________ be in the office now. I saw him leave just a moment ago.A) can’t B) doesn’t C) mustn’t D) needn’t12. There are many ____________ products on show.A) latter B) later C) latest D) last13. We’ll have to ____________ the matter carefully before we can draw any conclusion.A) look into B) find out C) base on D) search for14. I don’t think this film wort h _____________ again.A) to see B) seeing C) to be seen D) being seen15. We wish you ____________ so much.A) haven’t smoked B) aren’t smoking C) don’t smoke D) didn’t smoke16. I’ve lost the key ____________ my door.A) with B) in C) to D) into17. – Would you like to join us?– Sorry, I am not ____________ as any of you.A) so a good player B) a player so good C) a so good playerD) so good a player18. I remember ______________ the book to you a week ago.A) returned B) returning C) to return D) being returned19. My suggestion is _______________.A) we should go by bus B) that we go by busC) we may go by bus D) that we may go by bus20. You’d better have your car ___________ at once, or you’ll be late for the meeting.A) to be repaired B) repair C) repaired D) repairing21. We’ll keep you ___________ of what is happening.A) known B) informed C) related D) connected22. “You must live ___________ your income, ” Mr. Barnestold his son.A) according to B) as long as C) in case of D) instead of23. He is _____________ to visit us if he knows where we live.A) possible B) probable C) likely D) necessary24. Anne ____________ the news to everybody.A) advised B) said C) spoke D) told25. If you had come five minutes earlier, you ___________ Paul.A) would see B) had met C) should meet D) would have met26. On ____________ in London I immediately went to see the House of Parliament（议会）.A) coming B) arriving C) reaching D) getting27. Some people waste food ______________ others haven’t got enough.A) as B) when C) while D) and28. If he ______________ me, he would not go fishing with you.A) was B) were C) being D) been29. Would you like a cup of coffee, _____________ shall we get to business right away?A) and B) then C) or D) otherwise30. His offer was ____________ again.A) taken down B) turned off C) taken off D) turned down31. The room needs ____________ before we move in.A) cleaned B) cleaning C) being cleaned D) to clean32. He shouted to them ___________ the top of his voice but wasn’t heard.A) on B) of C) at D) from33. You can take ____________ of these two magazines as you please.A) any one B) any C) either D) all34. You seldom eat a fruit like this, ___________ you?A) do B) don’t C) are D) aren’t35. Equal pay for equal work is what women have been ___________ for centuries.A) referring to B) looking after C) making up D) longing forIII 阅读理解(30%): 在所给选项中选出最佳答案，并把答题卷上相应的字母涂黑。

浙江大学远程教育学院试题卷

浙江⼤学远程教育学院试题卷浙江⼤学远程教育学院试题卷2006—2007学年秋冬学期期中作业课程名称英语（3）学习中⼼专业年级学号姓名VocabularySection A: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences:1). When I said some people are lazy, I didn’t ________ to you.A. applyB. meanC. mentionD. refer2) The speaker ________ the whole audience with his enthusiasm.A. infectedB. effectedC. defectedD. defended3) I am ________ of watching TV all the time; let’s go out for a walk.A. wornB. boredC. tiredD. fed up4) After leaving the cinema, he ________ straight for home.A. setB. headedC. wentD. proceeded5) I’ve got a ________ in the tax office who I think might help us out of trouble.A. contrastB. contactC. contractD. concrete6) Jack ________ in enthusiasm what he lacked in experience.A. made forB. made outC. made up ofD. make up for7) He always ________ himself hard to get his work finished on time.A. drivesB. programsC. depressesD. rules8) Janet felt ashamed that she hadn’t been able to ________ her fear.A. commitB. commandC. conquerD. conserve9) She ________ the tube hard until the last bit of the toothpaste came out.A. squeezedB. extendedC. minimizedD. oppressed10) His work as a simultaneous interpreter requires strong powers of ________.A. considerationB. concentrationC. intensityD. attention11) These research results are ________ over a wide range of circumstances.A. applicableB. changeableC. enjoyableD. bearable12) Silence ________ on the room. Everybody was worried about the child’s safety.A. aroseB. occupiedC. appearedD. fell13. My sister Lucy ________ her boss with her capabilities and efficiency. Figured B. impressed C. reached D. volunteered14. He is _________ two foreign languages.A. essential toB. involved withC. familiar withD. anxious about15. She ________ the way she is treated in school.A. rewritesB. reducesC. resentsD. rents16. My father had a very ________ nature; we had to do whatever she ordered us to and otherwise she would get anger.A. physicalB. dominantC. financialD. sole17. The teacher pointed out that all of the students need, in short, to learn to read ________.A. exclusivelyB. activelyC. suddenlyD. socially18. Mother often asked us not to judge people by ________ .A. separationB. involvementC. adherenceD. appearances19. Tom declared that he didn’t want to have anything to do ________ the political party.A. atB. intoC. offD. with20. Roy must have gone out early this morning, for he did not ________ for breakfast.A. bring alongB. sign upC. show upD. set upStructure1. There was a park near our house and we ________ play football with our classmates in it when we were young.A. were used toB. use toC. were using toD. used to2. The president’s suggestion that the manager of the personnel department ________ the candidate again was accepted at the meeting.A. interviewsB. interviewedC. interviewD. were to interview3. All the arrangements should have been completed ________ the departure.A. prior toB. next toC. apart fromD. other from4. Catherine didn’t run ________ catch the bus to the Space Museum.A. enough fast toB. fast enough toC. enough fast andD. fast enough and5. Ten ponds ________ not enough if you want to have a good dinner in a good restaurant.A. isB. areC. hasD. have6. ________ I like the color of the hat, I don’t like its shape.A. UnlessB. AsC. WhileD. Whether7. After ________ seemed to be an endless wait, the chairman finally showed up.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. whatever8. More American people fail to pay medical insurance fee than ________ .A. they are believedB. generally believedC. believedD. is generally believed9. “I hope the children won’t go near the water. ”“I warned them ________.”A. notB. not toC. not goD. wouldn’t10. I t is worthwhile for parents to spend an hour or two ________ with their children every week.A. talkB. to talkC. talkingD. talked toCloze(1) The horse and carriage is a thing of the past, but love and marriage are still with us and still closely interrelated. Most American marriages, particularly first marriages 1 young couples, are the result of 2 attraction and affection 3 than practical considerations.In the United States, parents do not arrange marriages for their children. Teen-agers begin 4 in high school and usually find mates through their own academic and social 5 .Though young people feel 6 to choose their friends from 7 groups, most choose a mate of similar background. This is 8 in part to parentalguidance. Parents cannot select spouses for their children, but they can usually 9 choices by 10 disapproval of someone they consider unsuitable.11 , marriages between members of different groups (interclass, interfaith, and interracial ) occur because of the greater 12 of today's youth and thefact that hey are restricted by 13 prejudices than their parents. Many young people leave their hometowns to attend college,14 in the armed forces.15 pursue a career in a big city.Once away from home and family, they are more 16 to date and marry outside their own social group. In mobile American society, interclass marriages are neither 17 nor shocking. Interfaith marriages are 18 the rise particularly between Protestants and Catholics. On the other hand, interracial marriage is still very uncommon. I t can be difficult for interracial couples to find a place to live, maintain friendships, and 19 a family. Marriages between people of different national 20 (but the same race and religion) have been commonplace here since colonial times.1. A. involving B. linking C. connecting D. correlating2. A. personal B. emotional C. mutual D. magnetic3. A. more B. less C. other D. rather4. A. dating B. appointment C. engaging D. matching5. A. position B. association C. contract D. contacts6. A. certain B. embarrassed C. hesitated D. free7. A. similar B. identical C. diverse D. differential8. A. for B. likely C. due D. because9. A. give B. influence C. make D. offer10. A sounding B. avoiding C. expecting D. voicing11. A. However B. Moreover C. Therefore D. Furthermore12. A. mobility B. motive C. moral D. mission13. A. scarcity B. satisfactory C. abundant D. fewer14. A. work B. serve C. stay D. remain15. A. but B. otherwise C. or D. likewise16. A. certainly B. likely C. reluctant D. readily17. A. lack B. rare C. scared D. relieved18. A. in B. at C. on D. for19. A. raise B. obtain C. grow D. unite20. A source B. origin C. resource D. baseReading Comprehension 1Directions: There are 4 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C), and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Washington Irving was America's first man of letters to be known internationally. His works were received enthusiastically both in England and in the United States. He was, in fact, one of the most successful writers of his time in either country, delighting a large general public and at the same time winning the admiration of fellow writers like Scott in Britain and Poe and Hawthorne in the United States. The respect in which he was held was partly owing to the man himself, with his warm friendliness, his good sense, his urbanity, his gay spirits, has artistic integrity, his love of both the Old World and the new. Thackeray described Irving as "a gentleman, who, though himself born in no very high sphere, was most finished, polished, witty; socially the equal of the most refined Europeans." In England he was granted an honorary degree from Oxford—an unusual honor for a citizen of a young, uncultured nation---and he received the medal of the Royal Society of Literature; America made him ambassador to Spain.Irving's background provides little to explain his literary achievements. A gift but deliberate child, he had little schooling, He studied law, but without zeal, and never did practice seriously. He was immune to his strict Presbyterian (基督教长⽼会的) home environment, frequenting both social gatherings and the theatre.1. The main point of the first paragraph is that Washington Irving was ______.A) America's first man of lettersB) a great writer who was successful in his own country andother parts of the world as wellC) a man who won the respect of other writers because of hishigh social statusD) a man who was able to move from literature to politics2. What is implied by the comment about Scott, Poe and Hawthorne?A) Irving's great popularity resulted in the admiration of Scott, Poe andHawthorne.B) More Americans than Britains admired Irving.C) Irving's work was not only popular, but also of high literary quality.D) Irving's success was attributed to his family background.3. What can be said about Irving's law career?A) He only began to practice law late in life.B) He spent very little time working as a lawyer.C) He never practiced law although he studied it.D) He worked as a lawyer with great enthusiasm.4. Why did Thackeray think that Irving's social grace was unusual?A) Because Irving's degree was honorable and unusual.B) Because his parents were not aristocratic.C) Because he had good sense and gay spirits.D) Because he often exhibited warm friendliness.5. Which of the following best describes the effect of Irving's Presbyterian background on his life?A) It had almost no effect on his life.B) It promoted his interest in law.C) It fostered his love for literature.D) It enabled him to become a successful writer.Passage TwoQuestions 6 to 10 are based on the following passage:Psychologists now believe that noise has a considerable effect on people's attitudes and behavior. Experiments have proved that in noisy situations (even temporary ones), people be have more irritably and less cooperatively; in more permanent noisy situations, many people cannot work hard, and they suffer from severe anxiety as well as other psychological problems. However, psychologists distinguish between "sound" and "noise". "Sound" is measured physically in decibels. "Noise" cannot be measured in the same way because it refers to the psychological effect of sound and its level of "intensity" depends on the situation. Thus, for passengers at an airport who expect to hear airplanes taking off and landing, there may be a lot of sound, but not much noise (that is, they are not bothered by the noise). By contrast, if you are at a concert and two people behind you are whispering, you feel they are talking noisily even if there is not much sound. You notice the noise because it affects you psychologically. Both sound and noise can have negative effects, but what is most important is if the person has control over the sound. People walking down the street with earphones, listening to music that they enjoy, are receiving a lot of decibels of sound, but they are probably happy hearing sounds which they control. On the other hand, people in the street without earphones must tolerate a lot of noise which they have no control over. It is noise pollution that we need to control in order to help people live more happily.6. According to the passage, people _____.A) can not work better in a noisy situationB) will suffer from complete deafness because of noise pollutionC) can be psychologically affected by working in very noise factoriesD) may cooperate well in a noisy surrounding7. “Sound”, as defined by the psychologist, _____.A) can be measured in the same way that "noise" is measuredB) may be extremely harmful to healthC) is not at all different from "noise"D) can be measured by machines8. People waiting at an airport _____.A) enjoy hearing airplanes taking off and landingB) are usually not troubled by the noiseC) can easily tell sound from noiseD) are often physically affected by the noise9. People enjoy listening to music,_____.A) though they are receiving a lot of decibels of sound in factB) because it does not have any negative effectC) because they do not have to tolerate the noise around themD) even though it is sometimes unpleasant hearing strange sounds10. We can conclude from the passage that we need to control noise pollution if _____.A) we want to stay both psychologically and physically healthyB) we don't want to be physically dentC) we want to cooperate wellD) we don't want to be anxiousPassage ThreeQuestions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage:Is there a "success personality"? Some winning combination of qualities that leads almost inevitably to achievement? If so, exactly what is that secret success formula, and can anyone develop it?At the Gallop Organization we recently focused in depth on success, probing the attitudes of 1500 prominent people selected at random from Who's Who in America. Our research finds out a number of qualities that occur regularly among top achievers. Here is one of the most important, that is common sense.Common sense is the most prevailing quality possessed by our respondents. Seventy-nine percent award themselves a top score in this quality. And 61 percent say that common sense was very important in contributing to their success.To most, common sense means the ability to present sound, practical judgments on everyday affairs. To do this, one has to sweep aside extra ideas and get right to the core of what matters. A Texas oil and gas businessman puts it this way: "The key ability for success is simplifying. In conduction of meeting and dealing with industry reducing a complex problem to the simplest term is highly important."Is common sense a quality a person is born with, or can you do something to increase it? The oil man's answer is that common sense can definitely be developed. He attributes his to learning how to debate in school. Another way to increase your store of common sense is to observe it in others, learning from their and your own mistakes.Besides common sense, there are many other factors that influence success: knowing your field, self-reliance, intelligence, the ability to get things done, leadership, creativity, relationships with others, and of course, luck. But common sense standsout. If you develop these qualities, you'll succeed. And you might even find yourself listed in Who's Who someday.11. It can be known from the passage that Who's Who _____.A) is a very useful book telling us how to succeedB) is a book providing us with the information about the family life of some famouspeopleC) is a book providing us with the names and brief biographies of the top successfulpeopleD) is a book from which we can find out the names of different peoples in the world12. According to the author, common sense _____.A) is something that common people like bestB) is a popular quality a person is born withC) is something that enables one to form correct opinionsD) is a quality that is possessed by common people13. It can be inferred from the passage that a successful businessman _____.A) tries to get experience through practiceB) pays attention to the essence of a problem when he tries to solve itC) keeps on learning in order to be successfulD) has strong willpower, extensive interest and intelligence14. The passage is mainly concerned with _____.A) organizational ability and good work habitsB) the way to obtain big profits and achieve fame and successC) knowledge and interest which are primary to successD) what successful people have in common15. According to the author, how can one develop one's common sense?A) To become a businessman.B) To learn how to debate and learn from mistakes.C) To become famous.D) To be simplifying.Passage FourQuestions 1 to 5 are based on the following passage:Brazil has become one of the developing world's great successes at reducing population growth but more by accident than design. While countries such as India have made joint efforts to reduce birth rates, Brazil has had better result without really trying, says George Martine at Harvard.Brazil's population growth rate has dropped from 2.99 a year between 1951 and 1960 to 1.93 a year between 1981 and 1990, and Brazilian women now have only 2.7 children on average. Martine says this figure may have fallen still further since 1990, an achievement that makes it the envy of many other Third World countries.Martine puts it down to, among other things, soap operas and installment plans introduced in the 1970s. Both played animportant, although indirect, role in lowering the birth rate. Brazil is one of the world's biggest producers of soap operas. Global, Brazil's most popular television network, shows three hours of soaps six nights a week, while three others show at least one hour a night. Most soaps are based on wealthy characters living the high life in big cities."Although they have never really tried to work in a massage towards the problems of reproduction, they describe middle and upper class values not man children, different attitudes towards sex, women working," says Martine. "They sent his image to all parts of Brazil and made people conscious of other patterns of behavior and other values, which were put into a very attractive package."Meanwhile, the installment plans tried to encourage the poor to become consumers. "This led to an enormous change in consumption patterns and consumption was in compatible with unlimited reproduction." says Martine.16. According to the passage, Brazil has cut back its population growth _______.A) by educating its citizensB) by careful family panningC) by developing TV programmersD) by chance17. According to the passage, many Third World countries _______.A) haven't attached much importance to birth controlB) would soon join Brazil in controlling their birth rateC) haven't yet found an effective measure to control their populationD) neglected the role of TV plays in family planning18.The phrase “puts it down to” (Line 1, Para. 3) is closest in meaning to “_______”.A) attributes it toB) sums it up asC) finds it a reason forD) compares it to19. Soap operas have helped in lowering Brazil's birth rate because _______.A) they keep people sitting long hours watching TVB) they have gradually changed people's way of lifeC) people are drawn to their attractive packageD) they popularize birth control measures20. What is Martine's conclusion about Brazil's population growth?A) The increase in birth rate will promote consumption.B) The desire for consumption helps to reduce birth rate.C) Consumption patterns and reproduction patterns are contradictory.D) A country's production is limited by its population growth.浙江⼤学远程教育学院试题卷2006—2007学年秋冬学期期中作业课程名称英语（3）学习中⼼专业年级学号姓名Section A: Choose the best answer to complete the following sentences: 1. 2 . 3. 4. 5.6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15.16. 17. 18. 19. 20Structure1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.Cloze1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10.11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 20.Reading Comprehension 1Passage One1. 2. 3. 4. 5.Passage Two6. 7. 8. 9. 10.Passage Three11. 12. 13. 14. 15.Passage Four16. 17. 18. 19. 20.浙江⼤学远程教育学院试题卷（期中）2006-2007学年冬季学期课程名称⽣物化学学习中⼼专业（层次）学号姓名⼀、选择题（20分）1．有关蛋⽩质三级结构描述，错误的是A．具有三级结构的多肽链都有⽣物学活性B．亲⽔基团多位于三级结构的表⾯C．三级结构的稳定性由次级键维系D．三级结构是单体蛋⽩质或亚基的空间结构E．三级结构是各个单键旋转⾃由度收到各种限制的结果2. 蛋⽩质变性是由于A.蛋⽩质⼀级结构的改变B. 蛋⽩质亚基的解聚C.蛋⽩质空间构象的破坏E. 蛋⽩质⽔解3. DNA的解链温度指的是A．A260nm达到最⼤值时的温度B．A260nm达到最⼤值的50％时的温度C．DNA开始解链时所需要的温度D．DNA完全解链时所需要的温度F．A280nm达到最⼤值的50％时的温度4. 酶原激活作⽤在酶分⼦结构上的变化是：A.⼀级结构的改变B.空间构象的改变C.酶蛋⽩亚基的聚合D.酶蛋⽩与特异的辅基结合形成全酶E.⼀级结构和空间构象同时发⽣改变5.．在下列关于三羟酸循环及氧化磷酸化中能产⽣ATP最多的步骤是A.苹果酸－草酰⼄酸B.琥珀酸－苹果酸C.柠檬酸－异柠檬酸D.异柠檬酸－α－酮戊⼆酸E.α－酮戊⼆酸－琥珀酸6．糖原的1个葡萄糖经糖酵解可⽣成⼏个ATPA.1B.2C.3D.4E.57.．糖酵解途径最重要的调控位点是A.磷酸化酶B.乳酸脱氢酶C.葡萄糖激酶D.丙酮酸激酶E.磷酸果糖激酶-18. 在胞液中，乳酸脱氢⽣成的NADHA.可直接进⼊呼吸链氧化B.在线粒体内膜外侧使琥珀酸－苹果酸酸⽢油转变成磷酸⼆羟丙酮后进⼊线粒体C.仅仅需要内膜外侧的磷酸⽢油脱氢酶的催化后即可直接进⼊呼吸链D.经α－磷酸⽢油穿梭作⽤后可进⼊琥珀酸氧化呼吸链E.上述各条都不能使胞液中的NADH进⼊呼吸链氧化9. 磷酸戊糖途径A.是体内产⽣CO2的主要来源B. 可⽣成NADPH供合成代谢需要C．是体内⽣成糖醛酸的途径D．饥饿时葡萄糖经此途径代谢增加E．可⽣成NADPH，后者经电⼦传递链可⽣成ATP10. ⽣物体内能量转换的基本⽅式是A.三羧酸循环B.底物⽔平磷酸化C.氧化磷酸化D.ATP-ADP循环E.磷酸肌酸脱磷酸⼆、填空（20分）1.DNA双螺旋结构稳定的维系横向维系，纵向则靠维持。

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浙江大学远程教育学院习题集浙江大学远程教育学院习题集课程代码名称_1803074兽医微生物学与免疫学_年级专业（层次）_动物医学专升本绪言一、填空题1. 1683年荷兰人用自制的显微镜首次观察到微生物。

2. 法国科学家利用弯颈瓶试验证明“自然发生论”是荒谬的，他是微生物学、生理学与免疫学的主要奠基人。

3. 微生物的发展可概括为三个阶段：、和等。

二、名词解释1. 微生物2. 微生物学3. 兽医微生物学三、简答题1. 微生物有何特点？2. 微生物的种类有哪些？3. 巴斯德的主要贡献是什么？4. 柯赫的主要贡献是什么？第一章细菌的形态与结构一、填空题1. 测定细菌大小的单位通常是。

2. 细菌的形态有、和等三种基本类型。

3. 球菌按其分裂方向及分裂后的排列情况可分为、、、和等。

4. 杆菌按其分裂方向及分裂后的排列情况可分为、和。

5. 螺旋状菌分为和两种。

6. 细菌的基本结构包括、、和等。

7. 细菌的特殊结构有、、和等。

二、名词解释1. 细菌2. 菌落3. 原生质体4. 球状体5. 细菌L型6. 间体7. 核体8. 荚膜9. S层10. 鞭毛11. 菌毛12. 芽孢三、简答题1. 绘出细菌的基本结构和特殊结构图。

2. 比较革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌细胞壁的结构及化学组成的差异。

3. 叙述细菌核体与真核细胞核的异同。

4. 试述鞭毛的结构功能。

5. 菌毛的本质、分类及功能如何？6. 叙述芽孢的结构、功能及对外界环境抵抗力强的原因。

7. 常用的细菌染色方法有哪些？8. 什么是革兰氏染色？有何意义？其染色机制如何？第二章细菌的生理一、填空题1. 细菌细胞的代谢过程包括、、和等四个步骤。

2. 细菌物质主要通过、、和等方式进出细菌细胞。

3. 细菌细胞结构的组装有两种方式：和。

4. 细菌以进行无性繁殖。

5. 根据生长曲线，细菌生长繁殖分为、、和等四个时期。

6. 细菌的生长繁殖条件主要有：、、、和等。

7. 根据细菌对氧的需要，可将细菌分为、和等。

8. 根据细菌对温度的适应范围，可将细菌分为、和等。

二、名词解释1. 世代时间2. 生长曲线3. 培养基4. 厌氧培养基三、简答题1. 形成细菌个体的代谢过程有何特点？2. 试绘制细菌的生长曲线图，并说明各时期的特点。

3. 根据营养、状态和功能的差异，可将培养基分为哪些种类？各有何用途？4. 病原菌对氧气和温度的需求有何特点？5. 试述主要的细菌生化反应的原理及用途。

第三章消毒与灭菌一、填空题1. 对微生物影响较大的物理因素包括：、、、、微波和滤过等。

2. 高温灭菌法可分为灭菌法和灭菌法两类。

3. 干热灭菌法包括：和两类。

4. 常见的湿热灭菌法有：、和。

5. 影响消毒剂作用的因素主要有：、、、、和。

二、名词解释1. 杀菌作用2. 抑菌作用3. 抗菌作用4. 灭菌5. 消毒6. 防腐7. 无菌8. 巴氏消毒法9. 高压蒸汽灭菌法10. 消毒剂11. 防腐剂12. 噬菌体三、简答题1. 列述影响微生物的主要物理因素及其实用价值。

2. 试述各种热力灭菌法的方法原理及其主要用途。

3. 巴氏消毒法有何特点？如何进行巴氏消毒？4. 影响高温灭菌的因素有哪些？5. 试述紫外线杀菌法的原理和应用。

6. 试述过滤除菌的概念及其应用。

第四章细菌及其他微生物的生态一、名词解释1. 共生2. 共栖3. 寄生4. 拮抗5. 无特定病原体动物6. 清洁动物第五章细菌的感染与致病机理一、填空题1. 构成细菌毒力的毒力因子主要有：和。

2. 细菌毒素按其来源、性质和作用等的不同，可分为和两类。

二、名词解释1. 感染2. 病原菌3. 半数致死量(LD50)4. 半数感染量(ID50)5. 侵袭力6. 黏附素7. 内化作用8. 外毒素9. 内毒素10. 类毒素三、简答题1. 什么是柯赫法则？如何从分子水平解释柯赫法则？2. 如何确定某种细菌具有致病性？3. 试述致病菌侵入宿主细胞的主要过程。

4. 细菌如何干扰或逃避宿主的防御机制5. 细菌外毒素的基本特性及组成如何？6. 什么是类毒素，有何用途？7. 比较外毒素与内毒素的主要异同点？8. 细菌致病性的现代概念的精髓是什么？9. 细菌毒力减弱和增强的方法有哪些？第六章细菌的遗传变异一、填空题1. 根据突变范围大小，可将基因突变分为和两类。

2. 染色体畸变包括染色体结构上的、、、和。

3. 点突变可进一步分为、和。

4. 常见细菌变异类型有：、、和。

5. 诱发细菌变异的方法主要有：、和。

6. 细菌的转导分为和。

7. 接合性质粒有、和等。

8. 细菌遗传变异的应用主要包括：、和等。

二、名词解释1. 基因组2. 质粒3. 转座因子4. 毒力岛5. 基因突变6. 点突变7. 转化8. 转导9. 接合10. 转染三、简答题1. 何谓细菌遗传？细菌变异？2. 概述细菌遗传变异的物质基础。

3. 质粒有哪些主要特点及类型？4. 试述毒力岛的概念及遗传学意义。

5. 什么是转座因子？转座因子有何用途？第二十七章真菌及其他微生物一、填空题1. 真菌按形态分为、和等。

2. 是介于细菌和病毒之间的一类微生物。

3. 是介于细菌和原虫之间的一类微生物。

二、名词解释1. 菌丝2. 孢子3. 螺旋体4. 霉形体5. 立克次体6. 衣原体三、简答题1. 什么叫真菌？其主要特性是什么？2. 酵母菌的构造有哪些？有哪几种繁殖方式？3. 霉菌有哪几种繁殖方式？产生哪些孢子？第二十九章病毒的结构一、填空题1. 测定病毒大小的单位通常是。

2. 根据壳粒数目和排列不同，病毒衣壳主要有和两种对称类型，少数为复合对称。

3. 病毒的化学组成包括三类物质同：、和，前两种是最主要的成分。

4. 病毒的核酸分两大类：或，二者不能同时存在。

5. 病毒核酸可分为或、或、或，分节段可称为多分子，不分节段则为单分子。

二、名词解释1. 病毒2. 核衣壳3. 囊膜4. 纤突5. 正股6. 传染性核酸7. 结构蛋白8. 非结构蛋白三、简答题1. 试述病毒的基本特征。

2. 简述病毒颗粒的基本结构，画出模式图。

3. 病毒的核衣壳的对称型有哪些？各有什么特点？4. 阐述病毒核酸及蛋白的特点。

5. 如何确定病毒是否有囊膜？其依据何在？第三十章病毒的复制一、填空题1. 病毒的复制周期包括：、、和等步骤。

2. 根据壳粒数目和排列不同，病毒衣壳主要有和两种对称类型，少数为复合对称。

3. 病毒的化学组成包括三类物质同：前两种是最主要的成分。

4. 病毒的核酸分两大类：或，二者不能同时存在。

5. 病毒核酸可分为或、或、或，分节段可称为多分子，不分节段则为单分子。

二、名词解释1. 复制2. 病毒的一步生长曲线3. 感染比(MOI)4. 隐蔽期5. 病毒受体三、简答题1. 何谓病毒的MOI及一步生长曲线？二者有何关系？2. 解释病毒的复制周期及隐蔽期。

3. 解释血凝、血凝抑制作用及血吸附的机理。

4. 病毒的生物合成有何特点？5. 病毒蛋白质如何翻译及加工？6. 有囊膜病毒如何成熟与释放？第三十一章病毒的遗传与进化一、填空题1. 病毒的基因重组包括：、和等。

2. 根据壳粒数目和排列不同，病毒衣壳主要有和两种对称类型，少数为复合对称。

3. 病毒的化学组成包括三类物质同：前两种是最主要的成分。

4. 病毒的核酸分两大类：或，二者不能同时存在。

5. 病毒核酸可分为或、或、或，分节段可称为多分子，不分节段则为单分子。

二、名词解释1. 突变2. 缺损型干扰突变3. 定点诱变4. 反向遗传学5. 基因重组6. 分子内重组7. 重配8. 表型混合三、简答题1. 病毒基因组变异的有哪些类型？发生的机率及后果如何？2. 什么是缺损型干扰突变？有何意义？3. 定点诱变如何进行？第三十二章病毒与细胞的相互作用一、填空题1. 病毒培养和增殖的方法主要有、和等。

2. 细胞培养常用的方法有：、、和等。

2. 病毒感染可分为和两大类。

根据壳粒数目和排列不同，病毒衣壳主要有和两种对称类型，少数为复合对称。

3. 病毒的化学组成包括三类物质同：前两种是最主要的成分。

4. 病毒的核酸分两大类：或，二者不能同时存在。

5. 病毒核酸可分为或、或、或，分节段可称为多分子，不分节段则为单分子。

二、名词解释1. 细胞培养2. 原代细胞3. 传代细胞4. 持续性感染5. TCID506. 细胞病变(CPE)7. 合胞体8. 细胞凋亡9. 包涵体10. 空斑形成单位(PFU)三、简答题1. 细胞培养与SPF动物或鸡胚相比，培养病毒各有什么优缺点？2. 细胞有哪些类型？用于病毒培养各有何适用范围？3. 简述各种细胞培养方法的要点。

4. 什么是病毒的生产性感染与非生产性感染？对细胞各有什么影响？5. 细胞坏死与凋亡有何不同？对病毒而言有何意义？6. 什么是空斑试验？有什么用途？7. 阐述包涵体的类型、本质及诊断意义。

8. 试述干扰素的性质、类型及作用。

第三十三章病毒的致病机理一、填空题1. 病毒持续性感染可分为：、、和等四种类型。

二、名词解释1. 持续性感染2. 潜伏感染3. 慢性感染4. 迟发性临床症状的急性感染5. 分子模拟6. 类病毒7. 拟病毒8. 朊病毒第八章抗原与抗体一、填空题1. 免疫的基本特性为：、和等。

2. 免疫的基本功能有：、和等。

3. 抗原决定簇分为和两大类。

4. 抗原根据来源可分为、、、、和等多种；根据对胸腺的依赖性分为和。

5. 依据重链C区的理化特性和抗原性差异，免疫球蛋白可分为、、、和五大类。

二、名词解释1. 免疫3. 抗原4. 抗原性5. 免疫原性6. 反应原性7. 完全抗原8. 半抗原9. 超抗原10. 抗原决定簇11. 免疫球蛋白12. 抗体13. 独特型14. 多克隆抗体15. 单克隆抗体16. 基因工程抗体三、简答题1. 抗原物质成为免疫原的条件有哪些？2. 怎样使半抗原具有免疫原性？3. 图解说明免疫球蛋白单体的分子结构。

4. 免疫球蛋白Fab片段和Fc片段是如何组成的？有哪些生物学活性？5. 免疫球蛋白分子有哪些特殊结构？6. 免疫球蛋白的种类有哪些？各有哪些主要特性和免疫学功能？7. 什么是单克隆抗体？有何优点？8. 克隆选择学说的基本思想是什么？第九章免疫系统与免疫应答一、填空题1.免疫器官根据其功能的不同可分为和，前者包括、和等，后者包括、和及其他淋巴组织。

2. 免疫细胞可分为分为和两大类，前者主要为和，在免疫应答过程中起核心作用，后者主要为和，在免疫应答过程中起重要的辅佐作用。

3. T细胞的主要表面标志有、、、和等，B细胞的主要表面标志有、和等。

4. 细胞因子种类繁多，具体包括：、、和等四大系列。

5. 免疫应答的基本过程包括：、和等三个阶段。

二、名词解释1. 免疫系统2. 免疫细胞3. 抗原递呈细胞4. TCR5. BCR6. 细胞因子7. 免疫应答8. 细胞免疫9. 体液免疫11. NK细胞12. 树突状细胞13. CTL14. 回忆应答三、简答题1. 概述免疫系统的免疫器官及其主要免疫功能。

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