1。心的外形和腔内结构

•The systemic (greater) circulation is circulation of blood through which blood flows from left ventricle into the aorta and its branches to all parts of the body, and returns to the right atrium via the superior and inferior vena cava. •The systemic circuit carries oxygenated blood throughout the body and picks up carbon dioxide from body tissues. In this process, blood changes from arterial blood to venous blood; its color changes from scarlet to dark red. Blood vessels in the systemic circuit also (1) pick up nutrients from the digestive tract and deliver them to cells throughout the body, and (2) receive nitrogenous wastes from body cells and transport them to the kidneys for elimination in the urine.
肖海涛
宋本才 刘仁刚 宋本才 宋本才
External Shape of the Heart & Internal Structures of heart Chambers
Max Song （宋本才）
Department of Anatomy, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology
The arteries and veins of the pulmonary circuit have thinner walls than do systemic vessels of comparable diameter, reflecting the fact that the maximum arterial pressure here is only one-sixth that in the systemic circuit.
Since the heart has rotated slightly to the left during embryonic development, therefore, the atria are posterior and superior to the ventricles, and the right atrium and ventricle are anterior to the left atrium and ventricle and to the right. So: The right atrium forms the right border of the heart. The right ventricle forms most potion of sternocostal surface and small portion of diaphragmatic surface. The left atrium forms the base of the heart and lies in the back of the heart. The left ventricle forms the left border, apex and most portion of the diaphragmatic surface of the heart.
Contents
1. 2. 3. 4. Introduction Location, relationship & shape of the heart Internal structures of heart chambers Septum of the heart
Part 1
Introduction to Vascular System
•In spite of the blood circulation can be divided into the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation, the systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation are interdependent. •The heart connects systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation, and the heart not only provides dynamic to systemic circulation, but also to pulmonary circulation.
2. Location
•in the thoracic cavity •occupies middle medastinum •Enclosed by pericardiቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱm •2/3 in left, 1/3 in right
The angle between the cardiac axis and midsagittal plane is 45 degree.
Cardiovascular System
•Heart •Arteries •Capillaries
•Veins
Blood Circulation
•The flow of blood through the network of the blood vessels in the body over and over again is called blood circulation. •The blood circulation can be divided into two parts: systemic circulation and pulmonary circulation.
心脏的应用和功能就剖学课程简介
学时 24 理论学时数 21 实习学时数 3 学分 1.5 开课教研室及主讲教师 解剖学系：宋本才、董大翠、刘仁刚、肖海涛、
主要内容简介 心脏内腔结构的应用解剖、瓣膜复合器研究进展及临床应用，心壁构造及其功能 意义，心传导系、心血管选择性冠状动脉造影解剖基础、心神经支配的新进展、心脏 胚胎发生和常见畸形 拟使用教材名称： 心脏的应用和功能解剖学（自编） 参考书： 心脏临床解剖学、胸心外科临床解剖学
顺序
1 2 3
教学内容
心脏的外形和内构的应用解剖 瓣膜复合器研究进展及临床应用 心壁构造及其临床意义
时数 理论 3 3 3 实习
任课教师 理论 宋本才 宋本才 董大翠 实习
4
5 6 7 8
心脏传导系
心脏的血液供应、选择性冠脉造 影解剖基础 心脏神经支配的新进展 心脏的发生和常见畸形 实习
3
3 3 3 3
•The vascular system is a closed network of vessels in the body. It is subdivided into the cardiovascular and the lymphatic systems. •The cardiovascular system consists of the blood, the heart, and the blood vessels which include the arteries, capillaries and veins. It transports numerous substances to and from cells for their survival and is sometimes called the circulatory system. •The lymphatic system is composed of lymphatics, lymphoid tissue and lymphoid organs. It transports a fluid (called lymph) that has escaped from blood vessels back to bloodstream at the junction of the jugular and subclavian veins at both sides of the neck. The lymphatic system is an immune and defensive system of the body.
Functions of Vascular System
•Transport •Maintain of internal environment •Immune and Defensive •Endocrine
Vascular Anastomosis and Significance
Between artery and artery Between vein and vein Between artery and vein: For instance, existing in tips of fingers, apex of nose and auricle
•The pulmonary (lesser) circulation is circulation of blood through which blood flows from the right ventricle into pulmonary trunk and its branches to the lungs, and returns to the left atrium via the pulmonary veins. •When blood flows through capillaries in the lungs, it discharges carbon dioxide and picks up oxygen from the alveoli. So the blood changes back from venous blood to arterial blood, its color changes from dark red to scarlet as well.