grammar week 15

Grammar and Vocabulary Week 15Focus:✧Parallel Structure✧Sentence structures – What makes them difficult to understand◆Parallel Structure1)Also to be coordinated [between Hong Kong and Guangdong] are water supply, security and howto move people and trucks across the borders more efficiently.(In “water supply, security and how to move…”, the clause “how to move…” is not consistent with the first two infinitive phrases.)Also to be coordinated [between Hong Kong and Guangdong] are water supply, security and efficient movement of people and trucks across the border.2)Whether reunification can be brought about smoothly will be determined by two factors. One isthe result of the practice of “one country, two systems” in Hong Kong, and the other is whether we can make a breakthrough in economic development.(The noun phrase “the result …” is not parallel with the clause “whether we can make…”.)Whether reunification can be brought about smoothly will be determined by two factors. One is how well the “one country, two systems”formula is applied in Hong Kong, and the other is whether we can make a breakthrough in economic development.3)Timber is needed for construction and to withstand floods.(The preposition phrase “for construction”is unparallel with the infinitive phrase “to withstand…”)Timber is needed to provide material for construction and to help withstand floods.4)Simultaneous with that is the allocation of land, rent reduction, and wage increases...Simultaneous with that is the allocation of land, reduction of rent, and increase in wages…5)American imperialism and Chiang Kai-shek’s threats and deceit could not obstruct the advance ofthe Chinese people in their effort to strive for independence, democracy, and liberation.American imperialism not parallel with Chiang Kai-shekRevised: American imperialists and Chiang Kai-shekNeither the machinations of the U.S. imperialists nor the threats and deceit of Chiang Kai-shek could halt the advance of the Chinese people in their drive for independence, democracy, and liberation.6)After renovation Hu Guang Guild Hall has been turned into Beijing Traditional Operas Museum,which is a cultural centre with multifunction such as opera performing, exhibition, shopping and restaurant, etc.(The abstract nouns “opera performing, exhibition, shopping”, are not parallel with the concrete noun “restaurant”. )After renovation, the Hu Guang Guild Hall has been turned into the Beijing Museum of Traditional Opera, a multifunctional cultural center including an opera hall, exhibition space, shops, restaurants, etc.7)Jiang said that …the Party should now concentrate on the following three aspects:First, the whole Party must keep its ideological and political unity…Second, the unity of the Party in organization and action to be enhanced through implementing democratic centralism.Third, strengthen further the close relationship between the Party and the people, putting the struggle against corruption at the top of the agenda.Revised:Jiang said that…the Party should now concentrate on the following three tasks / endeavors /goals:First it must maintain its ideological and political unity…Second, it must enhance its unity in organization and action by implementing democratic centralism.Third, it must strengthen its close relations with the people, placing the struggle against corruption at the tope of its agenda.Sentence structures – What makes them difficult to understand?1.认真研读下列长句，确定各句的主干结构（主句结构和从句结构中主语、谓语）。

例1.The dusty book room whose windows never opened, through whose panes the summer sun sent a dim light where gold specks danced and shimmered, opened magic windows for me through which I looked out on other worlds and times than those in which I lived.The main structure: The dusty book room opened magic windows for me.Second level structure:a.whose windows never opened = The windows of the book room never openedb.through whose panes the summer sun sent a dim light=Through the panes of thewindows the summer sun sent a dim light.c.where gold specks danced and shimmered = In the dim light gold specks danced andshimmered.d.through which I looked out on other worlds and times than those in which I lived.=Through the windows I looked out on other worlds and times instead of the worldand times in which I lived.书屋的窗户从来没有打开过。

夏天时，太阳透过窗玻璃（给屋里）送进一丝暗淡的光线，金色的斑点就在这光线中跳动着、闪烁着。

然而，这满是灰尘的书屋却为我打开了一扇扇神奇的窗户，透过这些窗户，我看到了我这个世界以外的世界，了解了我这个时代以外的时代。