Grammar in use-倒装句与特殊形式

1.完全倒装
结构：提前成分+ 谓语动词+ 主语
(1)将状语here, there前移，谓语动词一般为be, come, go。

铃响了。

让我们开始上课吧。

There goes the bell. Let’s begin our class.
公共汽车来了。

Here comes the bus.
这儿是几个例子。

Here are some examples.
Attention: 但是当主语为人称代词时不引起倒装。

他来了。

Here he comes.
你不是在找包吗？瞧，在这儿。

Aren’t you looking for your bag? Look, here it is.
(2) 表示位置转移的副词如up, down, in, out, away, ahead移至句首。

司机控制不了汽车，汽车向下滑。

The driver couldn’t control his car and down came the car.
火箭上升。

Up went the rocket.
鹰低飞直到抓住兔子。

Lower flew the eagle till it caught the rabbit.
Attention: 但是当主语为人称代词时不引起倒装。

他们走开了。

Away they went.
它越飞越高。

Higher and higher it flew.
(3) 句首状语为表示地点的介词词组。

广场中央矗立着很高的纪念碑。

In the center of the square stands a high monument. 路的两边是一排排房子。

On either side of the road were rows of houses.
后面墙上挂着一幅巨大的油画。

On the back wall hung a huge oil painting.
(4) 分词结构位于句首
草地上坐着一群学生。

Seated on the grass are a group of students.
地板上全是书和杂志。

Lying about on the floor are books and magazines.
2.部分倒装
结构：提前成分+ 情态动词/助动词+ 主语+ （主要动词）
(1)句首为含有否定意义的副词如never, little, seldom, rarely, not, hardly。

他对服装不感兴趣。

Little does he care for clothes.
我很少在饭店吃饭。

Rarely do I eat in restaurants.
我们几乎不明白他的论点。

Hardly could we follow his argument.
测验中他一个错误也没犯。

Not a single mistake did he make in the test.
直到那时他才明白母亲做那事是为他好。

Not until then did he know his mother had done it for his good.
(2)在so…that的结果状语从句中，so位于句首。

天那么热我们不能在室内睡觉。

So hot was the weather that we couldn’t sleep indoors.
他叫的声音那么响，房间里所有的人吓了一大跳。

So loudly did he shout that all the people in the room got a fright.
(3)so代替代词表示与上文提到的情况一样。

她的儿子去英国留学了。

我儿子也去了。

Her son has gone to Britain for further studies. So has my son.
吉姆买了套房子。

刘易斯也买了一套。

Jim bought an apartment. So did Louis.
(4)only + 状语置于句首
只有在我家里他们才感到无拘无束。

Only in my house do they feel at home.
只是在当时他才了解真相。

Only then did he learn about the truth.
直到他回来，她才上床睡觉。

Only when he came back did she go to bed.
Attention: 但是only修饰其他成分不引起倒装。

只有米勒收到请帖。

Only Miller has got the invitation.
(5)not only…but also…结构中当not only位于句首时not only部分引起部分倒装。

注意but also部分
不引起倒装。

他不但会开车而且会骑马。

Not only could he drive but also he could ride a horse.
他不但表扬那些学生，而且给了他们很多酬劳。

Not only did he praise the students bus also he gave them a big reward.
Attention: 但是not only…but also连接的并列主语不引起倒装。

不但孩子们而且大人们也对这部动画片感兴趣。

Not only the children but also the grown-ups took interest in the cartoon.
3.非真实条件句的倒装形式
非真实条件句if从句中若含有助动词should, had或者were，那么可以与主语倒装，但动词过去式不可以与主语倒装。

如果他在这里，它就会来帮助我们。

Were he here/If he were here, he would come to help us.
如果他吃过午饭，他不会吃那么多小甜饼。

Had he had lunch/If he had had lunch, he would not have eaten so many cookies.
万一明天下雪，我么就推迟旅行。

Should it snow tomorrow/If it should snow tomorrow, we would put off our trip.
4.让步状语中as的倒装结构
“名词/形容词/副词/动词+ as（或though）+ 主语+ 谓语”表示让步意义，相当于though引导的从句。

她虽然个子矮小，但却是队里打得最好的。

Short as she was/Though she was short, she played the best in her team.
他虽是个学英语的学生，却看不懂这部英语电影。

Student of English as he is, he can’t understand the English film.
虽然我们尽力，但未达到预期效果。

Much as we tried, we failed to get the expected result.
他们虽然努力，也达不到预想的目的。

Try as they would, they would not achieve the intended purpose.。