【VIP专享】2013年英语专四词汇语法模拟练习及答案解析
英语专四考试语法词汇模拟练习题及答案
英语专四考试语法词汇模拟练习题及答案英语专四考试语法词汇模拟练习题及答案加紧学习，抓住中心，宁精勿杂，宁专勿多。
以下是店铺为大家搜索整理的英语专四考试语法词汇模拟练习题及答案，希望对正在关注的您有所帮助!1. That fellow is clever;he has .A. brainB. a brainC. the brainD. brains2. I beg tomorrow‘s meeting.A. to be excused to attendB. to be excused from attendC. to be excused from attendingD. to excuse from attending3. Most restaurants are closed during the Spring Festival. we had better eat at home.A. After allB. Once and for allC. All in allD. That is all4. I am sure Mary has been here and .A. did what required herB. has done what required herC. has done what was，required of herD. did what has been required of her5. as much as one-fourth of all timber harvested is not used.A. The estimateB. The estimate thatC. They are estimatedD. It is estimated that6. Commercial banks make most of their income from‘interest on loans and investment in stocks and bonds.A. earnB. earnedC. to earnD. earning7. As the sky grew darker，it became obvious to us that the boys to finish the game quickly if they wanted to avoid the storm.A. haveB. would haveC. ought to haveD. having8. Little Marie did not go to the party. I understand that she was unhappy .A. so she could not goB. that she could not goC. yet she would not be able to goD. that was not able to go9. Home economists recommend in large quantities.A. to buy basical food itemsB. buying basic items of the foodC. buying basic food itemsD. to buy basic food items10. Wood furniture does not depreciated in value properly handled and protected.A. ifB. hasC. andD. that11. In the last ten years，there have been many changes in family life. Are these changes?A. for better or for worseB. for the better or for the worseC. for the best or for the worstD. for the good or for the bad12. An Olympic marathon is 26 miles and 385 yards，approximately from Marathon to Athens.A. the distance isB. that the distance isC. is that the distanceD. the distance13. Peter was the football with him but he had forgotten.A. to bringB. to be bringingC. to have broughtD. to have been brought14. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when alone.A. seenB. is seenC. to be seenD. having been seen15. We left the meeting，there obviously no point in staying.A. wereB. beingC. to beD. having参考答案：BCCCD BBBCA ADCAB。
(完整word版)2013年英语专业四级语法考试题和答案(3)
2013年英语专业四级语法考试题和答案(3）1.There was a large crowd of demonstrators ____ against the war.A）protectingB）preservingC)protestingD）prosecuting2。
I'm afraid I will have to ____her invitation to the party。
A）refuseB)refuteC）ignoreD)decline3。
The coat I bought yesterday is not expensive at all。
As a matter of fact， I would gladly have paid ____ for it.A）as much twiceB）much as twiceC）as twice muchD）twice as much4.He can’t start the car because the battery has ____.A)run upB)run downC)run overD）run off5。
Without facts， we cannot form a worthwhile opinion, for we need to have factual knowledge ____ our thinking.A)upon which to baseB)which to base uponC）which to be based onD)to base on which6.This design is ____ that one.A）more superior toB)far superior thanC）more superior thanD）far superior to7.I wondered what her ____ to the news would be.A）impressionB）reactionC)commentD）opinion8.S he shouldn’t have stood in a queue; she ____ her underground ticket from the machine.A)has gotB）must have gotC)could have gotD）got9。
2013英语专业四级真题语法、完型填空题及解析
2013英语专业四级真题语法、完型填空题及解析【完形填空原文】Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modern state: Without it, it would not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us；nor the workers in government offices who look after our health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves；nor the ministers and members of parliament(国会) who govern the country for us. By means of taxation, we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live and something to eat.But everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people have different ideas about how taxation should be arranged. Should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year? Or should there be tax on things that people buy and sell? If the first kind of taxation is used, should everyone pay the same tax, whether he is rich or poor? If the second kind of tax is preferred, should everything be taxed equally?In most countries, a direct tax on persons, which is called income tax, exists. It is arranged in such a way that the poorest people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer’s income grows. In England, for example, the tax on the richest people goes up as high as ninety-five percent!But countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or “duties”. Of course, it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops who really have to pay the duties, in the form of higher prices. In some countries, too, there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is collected, but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed, less money is got but the tax is fairer, as the rich pay it.Probably this last kind of indirect tax, together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best arrangement.【语法题真题及解析】51. Facing the board of directors,he didn'tdeny __________ breaking the agreement.A. himB. itC. hisD.its解析：本题考查动名词的逻辑主语。
专四词汇和语法答案
英语专业四级词汇与语法模拟练习全真模拟试题练习一试题答案与解析1. D) 【句意】虽然白色过去不受欢迎，但目前它是婚纱的首选颜色。
【难点】as是连词，引导让步状语从句时，往往使用半倒装形式。
又如：Beautiful as she is, she is foolish.2. C) 【句意】由于长时间无雨，田野变得十分干燥。
【难点】该句的前半部分是There be结构，完成式独立结构形式，这与时间状语for a long time相吻合。
3. A) 【句意】数百万次计算如果用手工操作，那么，到计算结束的时候，就将失去其全部实际意义。
【难点】这是一句虚拟语气的句子，条件句使用了省略if的倒装句形式，动作与过去事实相反。
4. B) 【句意】电视使我们能够在事情发生的那一瞬间就看到它们是如何发生的。
【难点】moment后接的是省略关系副词when的定语从句。
B)符合题意要求。
5. D) 【句意】最令我惊讶的是，这个在车祸中失去双臂的小男孩能够用脚使用钢笔。
【难点】这是一个what从句作主语的典型句子。
6. A) 【句意】虽然她很小的时候就写了很多短篇小说和诗歌，但她直到25岁才迎来第一次真正的成功。
【难点】这是一个练习not until结构的句子。
7. A) 【句意】你应该知道，不该把你小妹妹一个人留在家里。
【难点】to know better than to do sth.是一个常见的表示责备的句型，意为“应该知道不该做某事”。
8. C) 【句意】既然火车一个小时以后才开，我们不妨到快餐店吃口东西。
【难点】might as well后接动词原形，意为“不妨，何不”。
9. D) 【句意】当她没钱为孩子买吃的东西时，她开始偷。
【难点】resort to意为:求助于，其中to是介词，后接动名词。
10. A) 【句意】那个男孩承认在昨天踢足球的时候打破了窗子。
【难点】admit to中的to是介词，后接名词或动名词。
【VIP专享】2013年专四答案
这是完型的原文自己找空吧Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a mode rn state . Without it, it would be impossible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; nor the workers in government offices who look after our health, our fo od supplies and our water, and who do all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves; nor also the persons who govern the country for us. By means of taxati on, we pay for things that we need just as much as we need somewhere to live a nd something to eat.Though everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people have different i deas about how taxation should be arrange d. Should each person have to pay a certain amount of money to the government each year? Or should there be a tax on things that people buy and sell? If the first kind of taxation is used, should eve ryone pay the same tax, whether he is rich or poor? If the second kind of tax is u sed, should everything be taxed equally?In most countries, a direct tax on persons, called an income tax , is used. It is arr ange d in such a wa y that the poor people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows greater as the taxpayer 's income grows.Countries with direct taxation nearly always have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country are taxed . Of course, it is the people who buy these im ported things who really have to pay the duties , in the form of higher prices. In s ome countries, there is also a tax on things produced in the country itself. If the m ost necessary things are taxed , a lot of money is collected,but the poor people s uffer the most. If unnecessary things like jewels and fur coats are taxed , less mo ney is collected, but the tax is fair er because the rich pay it.Probably this kind of indirect taxation, together with a direct tax on incomes which is low for the poor and high for the rich, is the best arrangement .单选复制的某老师微博66. ______ to school life was less difficult than the pupil had expected.A. AdheringB. AdoptingC. AdjustingD. Acquainting解析：这题没啥好说的，适应学校生活adjust to school life，选C。
专业英语四级2013真题及答案解析
专业英语四级真题2013年PART Ⅰ DICTATION1、Listen to the following passage. Altogether the passage will be read to you four times. During the first reading, which will be done at normal speed, listen and try to understand the meaning. For the second and third readings, the passage will be read sentence by sentence, or phrase by phrase, with intervals of 15 seconds. The last reading will be done at normal speed again and during this time you should check your work. You will then be given 2 minutes to check through your work once more.Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE.PART Ⅱ LISTENING COMPREHENSIONIn Sections A, B and C you will hear everything ONCE ONLY Listen carefully and then answer the questions that follow. Mark the best answer to each question on Answer Sheet Two.SECTION A CONVERSATIONSIn this section you will hear several conversations. Listen to the conversations carefully and then answer the questions that follow.1、 According to the conversation, an example of "Christmas trimmings" could beA. presentsB. fruitsC. sauceD. meat2、 A Christmas lunch would include all the following EXCEPTA. carrotsB. meatC. sweet potatoesD. roast turkey3、 Why did Helen come to Rob's house?A. She wanted to talk to RobB. She had come to help RobC. She had been invited to lunchD. She was interested in cooking4、 Why did the woman phone the club?A. She wanted to know more about itB. She was a new comer and felt lonelyC. She wanted to learn a new languageD. She was interested in social activities5、 We learn from the conversation that the clubA. mainly organizes language activitiesB. accepts members from local studentsC. has been set up for a long timeD. is increasing its membership6、 According to the conversation, the woman might come to practice German onA. WednesdayB. TuesdayC. MondayD. Friday7、 What is the man going to do after the conversation?A. Call up the woman for her addressB. Mail the woman some informationC. Wait for the woman to call him againD. Wait for the woman to pick up a form8、 According to the woman, what actually makes her job difficult?A. Difficult questions from intervieweesB. Embarrassing requests from intervieweesC. Lack of professional backgroundD. Lack of interviewing skills9、 The woman uses all the following adjectives when talking about attending job fairs EXCEPTA. prospectiveB. usefulC. importantD. tiring10、 We learn from the conversation that the womanA. works better at job fairsB. prefers honest peopleC. often works on her ownD. is experienced in her workSECTION B PASSAGESIn this section, you will hear several passages. Listen to the passages carefully and then answer the questions that follow.11、 According to today's weather forecast, which part of Europe has dry weather?A. Northern EuropeB. Southern EuropeC. Northwestern EuropeD. Scandinavian mountains12、 In which part of Europe does the weather stay both fine and cool?A. Southern EuropeB. Northern EuropeC. Northwestern EuropeD. Eastern Europe13、 In which region will the weather change tomorrow?A. Central parts of the MediterraneanB. Eastern parts of the MediterraneanC. Southern parts of the MediterraneanD. Northern parts of the Mediterranean14、 According to the passage, what benefit can technology bring to people?A. More useful information to better their lifeB. Greater changes in social organizationC. Better understanding of mass mediaD. Closer contact with modem devices15、 The speaker questions about everybody's access to technological advances. The main reason isA. illiteracyB. food shortageC. povertyD. ignorance16、 According to the UN plan, all the following will be achieved within ten years EXCEPTA. giving everyone a radio or TVB. providing more job opportunitiesC. offering internet service to more peopleD. starting to carry out the scheme in ten years17、 What could be the topic of the passage?A. Growth in telecommunicationsB. Technology and the developing worldC. Building an information societyD. Education and medical care18、 People in Latin America wear something ______ to express their hopes for wealth in the New Year.A. yellowB. whiteC. redD. new19、 Which of the following New Year's traditions signals friendship?A. Eating round fruitsB. Wearing something redC. Wearing something whiteD. Throwing old dishes20、 Which of the following is NOT mentioned as one's own New Year's tradition?A. Watching TV at homeB. Visiting friendsC. Going to bed earlyD. Running and shouting outsideSECTION C NEWS BROADCASTIn this section, you will hear several news items. Listen to them carefully and then answer the questions that follow.21、 What is happening to the schools in Fairfax County this school year?A. 15 schools have started social studiesB. 15 schools have used digital textbooksC. Digital textbooks are used for social studiesD. Students are ready to use electronic resources22、 With digital textbooks, schools have saved about ______ million dollarsA. 1B. 2C. 3D. 423、 Who found the suspicious item at the airport?A. FBI agentsB. TSA agentsC. The policeD. Passengers24、 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT?A. The terminal was closed temporarily afterwardsB. There was a thorough search inside the airportC. The security authorities identified the explosivesD. Passengers at the airport were safe and sound25、 According to the news item, doctors use art therapy to treat the following problems EXCEPTA. smokingB. alcohol abuseC. depressionD. schizophrenia26、 Why did doctors introduce art therapy in the first place?A. To prevent patients from smokingB. To better understand patientsC. To teach patients some skillsD. To get patients occupied27、 What is the main purpose of the new rules?A. To reduce the number of pilots on dutyB. To prevent pilots from working overtimeC. To ensure an adequate amount of sleepD. To fix the amount of work for each pilot28、 The Independent Pilots Association was unhappy about the new rules because theyA. had failed to cover all the pilotsB. had only covered cargo plane pilotsC. would be put into effect in two yearsD. would be too costly if implemented29、 Why is increase in livestock production necessary?A. Because livestock production is highly efficient.B. Because more people will become wealthier.C. Because it has fewer ecological risks.D. Because it may help double food production.30、 What does the word "challenge" mean in the news item?A. Conflict between less land and more production.B. Balance between human survival and ecology.C. Difference between present and future needs.D. Calls by environmental critics to consume less meat.PART Ⅲ CLOZEDecide which of the choices given below would best complete the passage if inserted in the corresponding blanks. Mark the best choice for each blank on Answer Sheet Two. Everyone knows that taxation is necessary in a modem state: without it, it (31) not be possible to pay the soldiers and policemen who protect us; (32) the workers in government offices who (33) our health, our food, our water, and all the other things that we cannot do for ourselves. (34) taxation, we pay for things that we needjust (35) we need somewhere to live and something to eat.But (36) everyone knows that taxation is necessary, different people have different ideas about (37) taxation should be arranged.In most countries, a direct tax on (38) , which is called income tax, (39) It is arranged in such a (40) that the poorest people pay nothing, and the percentage of tax grows (41) as the taxpayer's income grows. In some countries, for example, the tax on the richest people (42) as high as ninety-five per cent!(43) countries with direct taxation nearly (44) have indirect taxation too. Many things imported into the country have to pay taxes or "duties." Of course, it is the men and women who buy these imported things in the shops (45) really have to pay the duties, in the (46) of higher prices. In some countries, (47) , there is a tax on things sold in the shops. If the most necessary things are taxed, a lot of money is (48) but the poor people suffer most. If unnecessary things (49) jewels and fur coats are taxed, less money is obtained but the tax is (50) , as the rich pay it.31、 A. can B. mayC. wouldD. could32、 A. neither B. norC. neverD. not33、 A. look after B. look overC. look intoD. look through34、 A. In accordance with B. With reference toC. By means ofD. On account of35、 A. as well as B. as much asC. as such asD. as good as36、 A. if B. whenC. asD. though37、 A. how B. whenC. whyD. which38、 A. communities B. sectorsC. personsD. classes39、 A. remains B. existsC. staysD. happens40、 A. measure B. methodC. formD. way41、 A. more B. largerC. quickerD. speedier42、 A. grows up B. increases upC. goes upD. lifts up43、 A. And B. ConsequentlyC. SimilarlyD. But44、 A. almost B. alwaysC. oftenD. periodically45、 A. which B. whoC. whatD. whom46、 A. manner B. wayC. meansD. form47、 A. either B. alsoC. tooD. often48、 A. collected B. borrowedC. savedD. lent49、 A. as B. forC. alikeD. like50、 A. heavier B. fairerC. finerD. betterPART Ⅳ GRAMMAR AND VOCABULARYThere are thirty sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words, phrases or statements marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word, phrase or statement that best completes the sentence.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.51、 Facing the board of directors, he didn't deny ______ breaking the agreement.A. himB. hisC. itD. its52、 Xinchun returned from abroad a different man. The italicized part functions asa(n)______in the sentence.A. appositive (同位语)B. objectC. adverbialD. complement53、 Which of the following is a compound word (复合词)?A. NonsmokerB. MeannessC. DeadlineD. Misfit54、 Which of the following sentences contains subjunctive mood?A. Lucy insisted that her son get home before 5 o'clock.B. She used to drive to work, but now she takes the city metro.C. Walk straight ahead, and don't turn till the second traffic lights.D. Paul will cancel his flight if he cannot get his visa by Friday.55、 The following determiners (限定词) can be used with both plural and uncountable nouns EXCEPTA. manyB. enoughC. moreD. such56、 Which of the italicized parts indicates CONTRAST?A. She opened the door and quietly went inB. Think it over again and you'll get an answerC. Victoria likes music and Sam is fond of sportsD. He is somewhat arrogant, and I don't like this57、 Which of the following CANNOT be used as a nominal substitute (名词替代词)?A. MuchB. NeitherC. OneD. Quarter58、 All the following sentences definitely indicate future time EXCEPTA. Mother is to have tea with Aunt Betty at fourB. The school pupils will be home by nowC. The President is coming to the 'UN next weekD. He is going to email me the necessary information59、 Which of the following sentences is grammatically INCORRECT?A. Politics are the art or science of governmentB. Ten miles seems like a long walk to meC. Mumps is a kind of infectious diseaseD. All the furniture has arrived undamaged60、 Which of in the following phrases indicates a subject-predicate relationship?A. The occupation of the islandB. The law of NewtonC. The arrival of the touristsD. The plays of Oscar Wilde61、 Which of the following italicized parts serves as an appositive?A. He is not the man to draw backB. Larry has a large family to supportC. Tony hit back the urge to tell a lieD. There is really nothing to fear62、 Which of the following is NOT an imperative sentence?A. I wish you could stay behindB. You will mind your own business!C. Come and have dinner with usD. Let me drive you home, shall I?63、 If it ______ tomorrow, the match would be put off.A. was to rainB. were to rainC. was rainingD. had rained64、 Which of the following sentences expresses a fact?A. Mary and her son must be home by now.B. Careless reading must give poor results.C. He must be working late at the office.D. It's getting late, and I must leave now.65、 The following are all dynamic verbs (动态动词) EXCEPTA. remain.B. turn.C. write.D. knock.66、 ______to school life was less difficult than the pupil had expected.A. AdheringB. AdjustingC. AdoptingD. Acquainting67、 He is fed up with the same old dreary routine, and wants to quit his job. The underlined part meansA. hard.B. tiring.C. long.D. dull.68、 At last night's party Larry said something that I thought was beyond me. The underlined part meansA. I couldn't understand.B. I was unable to do.C. I couldn't tolerate.D. I was unable to stop.69、 The couple ______ their old house and sold it for a vast profit.A. did forB. did inC. did upD. did with70、 Sally contributed a lot to the project, but she never once accepted all the ______ for herself.A. creditB. attentionC. focusD. award71、 The child nodded, apparently content with his mother's promise. The underlined part meansA. as far as one has learnt.B. as far as one is concerned.C. as far as one can see.D. as far as one is told.72、 The______that sport builds character is well accepted by people nowadays.A. argumentB. issueC. pointD. sentence73、 Everyone in the office knows that Melinda takes infinite care over her work. The underlined part meansA. limited.B. unnecessary.C. overdue.D. much.74、 The new measure will reduce the chance of serious injury in the event of an accident. The underlined part meansA. if an accident can be prevented.B. if an accident happens.C. before an accident.D. during an accident.75、 Traditionally, local midwives would ______ all the babies in the area.A. deliverB. produceC. handleD. help76、 No food or drink is allowed on the premises. The underlined part meansA. proposition.B. advertisement.C. building.D. street.77、 The court would not accept his appeal unless ______evidence is provided.A. definiteB. conclusiveC. eventualD. concluding78、 As soon as he opened the door, a ______ of cold air swept through the house.A. flowB. movementC. rushD. blast79、 She really wanted to say something at the meeting, but eventually ______ from it.A. refrainedB. preventedC. limitedD. restricted80、 The couple told the decorator that. they wanted their bedroom gaily painted. The underlined part meansA. cheerfully.B. light-heartedly.C. brightly.D. lightly.PART Ⅴ READING COMPREHENSIONIn this section there are four passages followed by questions or unfinished statements, each with four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that you think is the best answer.Mark your answers on Answer Sheet Two.TEXT AThe art of public speaking began in ancient Greece over 2,000 years ago. Now, twitter, instant messenging, e-mail, blogs and chat forums offer rival approaches to communication-but none can replace the role of a great speech.The spoken word can handle various vital functions: persuading or inspiring, informing, paying tribute, entertaining, or simply introducing someone or something or accepting something.Over the past year, the human voice has helped guide us over the ups and downs of what was certainly a stormy time.Persuasion is used in dealing with or reconciling different points of view. When the leaders met in Copenhagen in December 2009, persuasive words from activists encouraged them to commit themselves to firmer action.Inspirational speeches confront the emotions. They focus on topics and matters that are close to people's hearts. During wars, generals used inspiring speeches to prepare the troops for battle.A speech that conveys knowledge and enhances understanding can inform us. The information must be clear, accurate, and expressed in a meaningful and interesting way. When the HINI pandemic (流行病) was announced, the idea of "swine flu" (猪流感) scared many people. Informative speeches from World Health Organization officials helped people to keep their panic under control so they could take sensible precautions. Sad events are never easy to deal with but a speech that pays tribute to the loss of a loved one and gives praise for their contribution can be comforting. Madonna's speech about Michael Jackson, after his death, highlighted the fact that he will continue to live on through his music.It's not only in world forums where public speaking plays an important role. It can also be surprisingly helpful in the course of our own lives.If you're taking part in a debate you need to persuade the listeners of the soundness of your argument. In sports, athletes know the importance of a pep talk (鼓舞士气的讲话) before a match to inspire teammates. You yourself may be asked to do a presentation at college or work to inform the others about an area of vital importance.On a more personal level, a friend may be upset and need comforting. Or you might be asked to introduce a speaker at a family event or to speak at a wedding, where your language will be needed to move people or make them laugh.Great speaking ability is not something we're born with. Even Barack Obama works hard to perfect every speech. For a brilliant speech, there are rules that you can put togood use. To learn those rules you have to practice and learn from some outstanding speeches in the past.81、 The author thinks the spoken word is still irreplaceable becauseA. it has always been used to inspire or persuade people.B. it has a big role to play in the entertainment business.C. it is of great use in everyday-life context.D. it plays important roles in human communication.82、 Which of the following statements is INCORRECT about the role of public speaking?A. Speeches at world forums can lead to effective solutions to world problems.B. Speeches from medical authorities can calm people down in times of pandemics.C. The morale of soldiers before a battle can be boosted by senior officers speeches.D. Speeches paying tribute to the dead can comfort the mourners.83、 Public speaking can play all the following roles EXCEPTA. to convince people in a debate.B. to inform people at a presentation.C. to advise people at work.D. to entertain people at a wedding.84、 According to the passage, which of the following best explains the author's view on "great speaking ability"?A. It comes from observing rules.B. It comes from learning and practice.C. It can be perfected with easy effort.D. It can be acquired from birth.85、 What is the main idea of the passage?A. Public speaking in international forums.B. Public speaking in daily life context.C. The many uses of public speaking.D. The rules of public speaking.TEXT BEvery business needs two things, says Skullcandy CEO Rick Alden: inspiration and desperation. In 2001, Alden had both. He'd sold two snowboarding businesses, and he was desperately bored. But he had an idea: He wanted to make a new kind of headphone. "I kept seeing people missing their cell phone calls because they were listening to music," he explains. "Then I'm in a chairlift(索道), I've got my headphones on, and I realize my phone is ringing. As I take my gloves off and reach for my phone, I think, "It can't be that tough to make headphones with two plugs, one for music and one for your cell phone." Alden described what he wanted to a designer, perfected a prototype, and outsourced (外包) manufacturing overseas.Alden then started designing headphones into helmets, backpacks-anywhere that would make it easy to listen to music while snowboarding. "Selling into board and skate shops wasn't a big research effort," he explains. "Those were the only guys I knew! "Alden didn't want to be a manufacturer. And by outsourcing, he'd hoped he could get the business off the ground without debt. But he was wrong. So he asked his wife: "Can I put a mortgage (抵押贷款) on the house? She said, 'What is the worst thing that can happen? We lose the house, we sell our cars, and we start all over again.'I definitelymarried the right woman! "For the next two years, Alden juggled mortgage payments and payments to his manufacturers. "Factories won't ship your product till they get paid," he says. "But it takes four or five months to get a mortgage company so upset that they knock on your door. So we paid the factory first."Gradually, non-snowboarders began .to notice the colourful headphones. In 2006, the company started selling them in 1,400 FYE (For Your Entertainment) stores. "We knew that nine out of ten people walking into that store would be learning about Skullcandy for the first time. Why would they look at brands they knew and take home a new brand instead? We had agreed to buy back anything we didn't sell, but we were dealing with huge numbers. It'd kill us to take back all the products."Alden's fears faded as Skullcandy became the No. 1 headphone seller in those stores and tripled its revenue to $120 million in one year. His key insight was that headphones weren't gadgets; they were a fashion accessory. "In the beginning," he says, "that little white wire that said you had an iPod-that was cool. But now wearing the white bud means you're just like everyone else. Headphones occupy this critical piece of cranial real estate and are highly visible."Today, Skullcandy is America's second-largest headphone supplier, after Sony. With 79 employees, the company is bigger than Alden ever imagined.86、 Alden came up with the idea of a new kind of headphone because heA. was no longer in snowboarding business.B. had no other business opportunities.C. saw an inconvenience among mobile users.D. was very fond of modern music.87、 The new headphone was originally designed forA. snowboarders.B. motor cyclists.C. mountain hikers.D. marathon runners.88、 How did Alden solve the money problem?A. He sold his house and his cars.B. Factories could ship products before being paid.C. He borrowed money from a mortgage company.D. He borrowed money from his wife's family.89、 What did Alden do to promote sales in FYE stores?A. He spent more money on product advertising.B. He agreed to sell products at a discount.C. He improved the colour design of the product.D. He promised to buy back products not sold.90、 Alden sees headphones asA. a kind of device.B. part of fashion.C. a symbol of status.D. a sign of self-confidence.TEXT CI was standing in my kitchen wondering what to have for lunch when my friend Tai called."Sit down," she said.I thought she was going to tell me she had just gotten the haircut from hell. I laughed and said, ."It can't be that bad."But it was. Before the phone call, I had 30 years of retirement savings in a "safe" fund with a brilliant financial guru (金融大亨 ). When I put down the phone, my savings were gone. I felt as if I had died and, for some unknown reason, was still breathing.Since Bernie Madoffs arrest on charges of running a $65 million Ponzi scheme, I've read many articles about how we investors should have .known what was going on. I wish I could say I had reservations about Madoff before "the Call", but I did not.On New Year's Eve, three weeks after we lost our savings, six of us Madoff people gathered at Tai's house for dinner. As we were sitting around the table, someone asked, "If you could have your money back right now, but it would mean giving up what you have learned by losing it, would you take the money or would you take what losing the money has given you?"My husband was still in financial shock. He said, "I just want my money back." I wasn't certain where I stood. I knew that losing our money had cracked me wide open. I'd been walking around like what the Buddhists call a hungry ghost: always focused on the bite that was yet to come, not the one in my mouth. No matter how much I ate or had or experienced, it didn't satisfy me, because I wasn't really taking it in, wasn't absorbing it. Now I was forced to pay attention. Still, I couldn't honestly say that if someone had offered me the money back, I would turn it down.But the other four all said that what they were seeing about themselves was incalculable, arid they didn't think it would have become apparent without the ground of financial stability being ripped out from underneath them.My friend Michael said, "I'd started to get complacent. It's as if the muscles of my heart started to atrophy (萎缩). Now they're awake, alive-and I don't want to go back."These weren't just empty words. Michael and his wife needed to take in boarders to meet their expenses. Taj was so broke that she was moving into someone's garage apartment in three weeks. Three friends had declared bankruptcy and weren't sure where or how they were going to live.91、 What did the author learn from Taj's call?A. Taj had got an awful haircut.B. They had lost their retirement savings.C. Taj had just retired from work.D. They were going to meet for lunch.92、 How did the author feel in the following weeks?A. Angry.B. Disappointed.C. Indifferent.D. Desperate.93、 According to the passage, to which was she forced to pay attention"?A. Her friends.B. Her husband.C. Her lost savings.D. Her experience.94、 Which of the following statements is CORRECT about her friends?A. Her friends valued their experience more.B. Her friends felt the same as she did.C. Her friends were in a better financial situation.D. Her friends were more optimistic than she.95、 What is the message of the passage?A. Understanding gained is more important than money lost.B. It is natural to see varied responses to financial crises.C. Desire for money is human nature.D. One has to be decisive during crises.TEXT DIn the 19th century, there used to be a model of how to be a good person. There are all these torrents of passion flowing through you. Your job, as captain of your soul, is to erect dams to keep these passions in check. Your job is to just say no to laziness, lust, greed, drug use and the other sins.These days that model is out of fashion. You usually can't change your behaviour by simply resolving to do something. Knowing what to do is not the same as being able todo it. Your willpower is not like a dam that can block the torrent of self-indulgence. It's more like a muscle, which tires easily. Moreover, you're a social being. If everybody around you is overeating, you'll probably do so, too.The 19th-century character model was based on an understanding of free will. Today, we know that free will is bounded. People can change their lives, but ordering change is not simple because many things, even within ourselves, are beyond our direct control.Much of our behavior, for example, is guided by unconscious habits. Researchers at Duke University calculated that more than 40 percent of the actions we take are governed by habit, not actual decisions. Researchers have also come to understand the structure of habits-cue, routine, reward.You can change your own personal habits. If you leave running shorts on the floor at night, that'll be a cue to go running in the morning. Don't try to ignore your afternoon snack craving. Every time you feel the cue for a snack, insert another routine. Take a walk.Their research thus implies a. different character model, which is supposed to manipulate the neural (神经系统的) networks inside.To be an effective person, under this model, you are supposed to coolly examine your own unconscious habits, and the habits of those under your care. You are supposed to devise strategies to alter the cues and routines. Every relationship becomes slightly manipulative, including your relationship with yourself. You're trying to arouse certain responses by implanting certain cues.This is a bit disturbing, because the important habitual neural networks are not formed by mere routine, nor can they be reversed by clever cues. They are burned in by emotion and strengthened by strong yearnings, like the yearnings for admiration and righteousness. If you think you can change your life in a clever way, the way an advertiser can get you to buy an air freshener, you're probably wrong. As the Victorians understood, if you want to change your life, don't just look for a clever cue. Commit to some larger global belief.96、 Which of the following is a key element in the 19th-century character model?。
2013年英语专四真题及答案解析
TEST FOR ENGLISH MAJORS （2013)PART I DICTATION ［15 MIN]Please write the whole passage on ANSWER SHEET ONE。
PART II LISTENING COMPREHENSION [20 MIN］SECTION A CONVERSATIONSQuestions 1 to 3 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation, you will be given 15 seconds to answer the questions. Now，listen to the conversation.1. According to the conversation，an example of “Christmas trimmings” could beA. presents。
B. fruitsC. sauce D。
meat2。
A Christmas lunch would include all the following EXCECTA. roast turkeyB. sweet potatoesC. meat D。
carrots3. Why did Helen come to Rob's house？A. She wanted to talk to Bob。
B. She had come to help Bob。
C。
She had been invited to lunch. D。
She was interested in cooking。
Questions 4 to 7 are based on the following conversation. At the end of the conversation you will be given 20 seconds to answer the questions.4。
2013年英语专四真题与答案解析
TESTFORENGLISHMAJORS(2013)PARTIDICTATION[15MIN]PleasewritethewholepassageonANSWERSHEETONE. PARTIILISTENINGCOMPREHENSION[20MIN]SECTIONACONVERSATIONSQuestions1to3arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendoftheconversation, youwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.Now,listentotheconversation.1.Accordingtotheconversation,anexampleof“Christmastrimemings”couldbA.presents.B.fruitsC.sauceD.meat2.AChristmaslunchwouldincludeallthefollowingEXCECTA.roastturkeyB.sweetpotatoesC.meatD.carrots3.WhydidHelencometoRob?shouse?A.ShewantedtotalktoBob.B.ShehadcometohelpBob.C.Shehadbeeninvitedtolunch.D.Shewasinterestedincooking.Questions4to7arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendofthe conversationyouwillbegiven20secondstoanswerthequestions.4.Whydidthewoman phonetheclub?A.Shewantedtoknowmoreaboutit.B.Shewasanewcomerandfeltlonely.C.Shewantedtolearnanewlanguage.D.Shewasinterestedinsocialactivities.5.WelearnfromtheconversationthattheclubA.mainlyorganizelanguageactivities.B.acceptsmembersfromlocalstudents.C.hasbeensetupforalongtime.D.isincreasingitsmembership.6.Accordingtotheconversation,thewomanmightcometopracticeGermanonA.Wednesday.B.Tuesday.C.Monday.D.Friday.7.Whatisthemangoingtodoaftertheconversation?A.Callupthewomanforheraddress.B.Waitforthewomantocallhimagain.C.Mailthewomansomeinformation.D.Waitforthewomantopickupaform.Questions8to10arebasedonthefollowingconversation.Attheendofthe conversationyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.8.Accordingtothewoman,whatactuallymakesherjobdifficult?A.Difficultquestionsfrominterviewees.B.Embarrassingrequestsfrominterviewees.ckofprofessionalbackground.ckofinterviewingskills.9.Thewomanusesallthefollowingadjectiveswhentalkingaboutattendingjobfairs EXCEPTA.prospective.eful.C.important.D.tiring.10.WelearnfromtheconversationthatthewomanA.worksbetteratjobfairs.B.prefershonestpeople.C.oftenworksonherown.D.isexperiencedinherwork.SECTIONBPASSAGESInthissection,youwillhearseveralpassages.Listentothepassagescarefullyandthenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions11to13arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassageyouwillbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.11.Accordingtotoday?sweatherforecast,whichpartofEuropehasdryweather?A.Scandinavianmountain.B.NorthwesternEurope.C.NorthernEurope.D.SouthernEurope.12.InwhichpartofEuropedoestheweatherstaybothfineandcool?A.SouthernEurope.B.NorthernEurope.C.EasternEurope.D.NorthwesternEurope.13.Inwhichregionwilltheweatherchangetomorrow?A.NorthernpartsoftheMediterranean.B.EasternpartsoftheMediterranean.C.CentralpartsoftheMediterranean.D.SouthernpartsoftheMediterranean.Questions14to17arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassageyou willbegiven2014.Accordingtothepassage,whatbenefitcantechnologybringtopeople?A.Closercontactwithmoderndevices.B.Greaterchangesinsocialorganization.C.Betterunderstandingofmassmedia.D.Moreusefulinformationtobettertheirlife.15.Thespeakerquestionsabouteverybody?saccesstotechnologicaladvances.Themain reasonisA.illiteracy.B.poverty.C.foodshortage.D.ignorance.16.AccordingtotheUNplan,allthefollowingwillbeachievedwithintenyearsEXCEPTA.givingeveryonearadioorTV.B.startingtocarryouttheschemeintenyears.C.offeringinternetservicetomorepeople.D.providingmorejobopportunities.17.Whatcouldbetopicofthepassage?A.Growthintelecommunications.B.Technologyandthedevelopingworld.cationandmedicalcare.D.Buildinganinformationsociety.Questions18to20arebasedonthefollowingpassage.Attheendofthepassageyou willbegiven15secondstoanswerthequestions.18.PeopleinLatinAmericawearsomething______toexpresstheirhopesforwealthinthe NewYear.A.newB.redC.whiteD.yellow19.WhichofthefollowingNewYear?straditionssignalsfriendship?A.Throwingolddishes.B.Wearingsomethingred.C.Wearingsomethingwhite.D.Eatingroundfruits.20.WhichofthefollowingisNOTmentionedasone?sownNewYear?stradition?A.WatchingTVathome.B.Goingtobedearly.C.Visitingfriends.D.Runningandshoutingoutside.SECTIONCNEWSBROADCASTInthissection,youwillhearseveralnewsitems.Listentothepassagescarefullyand thenanswerthequestionsthatfollow.Questions21to22arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem, youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.21.WhatishappeningtotheschoolsinFairfaxCountythisschoolyear?A.15schoolshavestartedsocialstudies.B.15schoolshaveuseddigitaltextbooks.C.Studentsarereadytouseelectronicresources.D.Digitaltextbooksareusedforsocialstudies.22.Withdigitaltextbooks,schoolshavesavedabout______milliondollars.A.1B.2C.3D.4Questions23to24arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem, youwillbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.23.Whofoundthesuspiciousitemattheairport?A.TSAagents.B.FBIagents.C.Thepolice.D.Passengers.24.WhichofthefollowingstatementisINCORRECT?A.Theterminalwasclosedtemporarilyafterwards.B.Therewasathoroughsearchinsidetheairport.C.Passengersattheairportweresafeandsound.D.Thesecurityauthoritiesidentifiedtheexplosives.Questions25to26arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,you willbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.25.Accordingtothenewsitem,doctorsusearttherapytotreatthefollowingproblems EXCEPTA.alcoholabuse.B.smoking.C.depression.D.schizophrenia.26.Whydiddoctorsintroducearttherapyinthefirstplace?A.Topreventpatientsfromsmoking.B.Tobetterunderstandpatients.C.Togetpatientsoccupied.D.Toteachpatientssomeskills.Questions27to28arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,you willbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.27.Whatisthemainpurposeofthenewrules?A.Toreducethenumberofpilotsonduty.B.Topreventpilotsfromworkingovertime.C.Toensureanadequateamountofsleep.D.Tofixtheamountofworkforeachpilot.28.TheIndependentPilotsAssociationwasunhappyaboutthenewrulesbecausetheyA.hadonlycoveredcargoplanepilots.B.hadfailedtocoverallthepilots.C.wouldbeputintoeffectintwoyears.D.wouldbetoocostlyifimplemented.Questions29to30arebasedonthefollowingnews.Attheendofeachnewsitem,you willbegiven10secondstoanswerthequestions.29.Whyisincreaseinlivestockproductionnecessary?A.Becauselivestockproductionishighlyefficient.B.Becausemorepeoplewillbecomewealthier.C.Becauseitmayhelpdoublefoodproduction.D.Becauseithasfewerecologicalrisks.30.Whatdoestheword“challenge”meaninthenewsitem?A.Balancebetweenhumansurvivalandecology.B.Conflictbetweenlesslandandmoreproduction.C.Differencebetweenpresentandfutureneeds.D.Callsbyenvironmentalcriticstoconsumelessmeat.PART3CLOZE15MINEveryoneknowsthattaxationisnecessaryinamodernstate:withoutit,it(31)_____notbepossibletopaythesoldiersandpolicemenwhoprotectus;(32)_____theworkersin governmentofficeswho(33)_____ourhealth,ourfood,ourwater,andalltheotherthingsth atwecannotdoforourselves.(34)_____taxation,wepayforthingsthatweneedjust(35)_____weneedsomewheretoliveandsomethingtoeat.But(36)_____everyoneknowsthat taxationisnecessary,differentpeoplehavedifferentideasabout(37)____taxationshouldbe arranged.Inmostcountries,adirecttaxon(38)_____,whichiscalledincometax,(39)_____.Itisarrangedinsuch(40)______thatthepoorestpeoplepaynothing,andthepercentageoftaxgrows(41)____asthetaxpayer'sincomegrows.Insomecountries,forexample,thetaxontherichestpeople(42)______ashighasninety-fivepercent!(43)_____countrieswithtaxationnearly(44)_____haveindirecttaxationtoo.Manythingsimportedintothecountryhavetopaytaxesor“duti es.Of”course,itisthemenandwomenwhobuytheseimportedthingsintheshops(45)______reallyhavetopaythe duties,inthe(46)______ofhigherprices.Insomecountries,(47)_____,thereisataxonthingssoldintheshops.Ifthemostnecessarythingsaretaxed,alotofmoneyis(48)____butthepoorpeoplesuffermost.Ifunnecessarythings(49)___jewelsandfurcoatsaretaxed,lessmoneyisobtainedbutthetaxis(50)______astherichpayit.Probablythislastkindofindirecttax,togetherwithadirecttaxonincomeswhichislowfort hepoorandhighfortherich,isthebestarrangement.31.A.canB.mayC.couldD.would32.A.norB.neitherC.neverD.not33.A.lookintoB.lookoverC.lookoverD.lookthrough34.A.InaccordancewithB.BymeansofC.WithreferencetoD.Onaccountof35.A.aswellasB.asgoodasC.assuchasD.asmuchas36.A.ifB.whenC.thoughD.as37.A.whenB.howC.whyD.whichmunitiesD.classes39.A.remainsB.staysC.existsD.happensrger42.A.growsupB.increasesupC.goesupD.liftsup43.A.ButB.ConsequentlyC.SimilarlyD.And44.A.periodicallyB.almostC.oftenD.always45.A.whichB.whoC.whatD.whom46.A.mannerB.formC.meansD.way47.A.eitherB.alsoC.tooD.often48.A.lentB.savedC.borrowedD.collected49.A.alikeB.likeC.asD.for50.A.heavierB.fairerC.finerD.betterPART4GRAMMAR&VOCABULARY15MINTherearethirtysentencesinthissection.Beneatheachsentencetherearefourwordsorp hrasesmarkedA,B,CandD.Chooseonewordorphrasethatbestcompletesthesentence.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheetTwo.51.Facingtheboardofdirectors,hedidn?tdeny________breakingtheagreement.A.himB.itC.hisD.its52.Xinchunreturnedfromaboardadifferentman.Theitalicizedpartfunctionsasa(n)____ __.A.appositive(同位语)B.objectC.adverbialplement.53.Whichofthefollowingisacompoundword(复合词)?______.A.Nonsmoker.B.Deadline.C.Meanness.D.Misfit.54.Whichofthefollowingsentencescontainssubjunctivemood?______.A.Lucyinsistedthathersongethomebefore5o?clock?B.Sheusedtodrivetowork,butnowshetakesthecitymetro.C.Walkstraightahead,anddon'tturntillthesecondtrafficlights.D.PaulwillcancelhisflightifhecannotgethisvisabyFriday.55.Thefollowingdeterminers(限定词)canbeusedwithbothpluralanduncountablenounsEXCEPT______.A.moreB.enough.C.many.D.such.56.WhichoftheitalicizedpartsindicatesCONTRAST?______.A.Sheopenedthedoorandquietlywentin.B.VictorialikesmusicandSamisfondofsports.C.Thinkitoveragainandyou?llgetananswer.D.Heissomewhatarrogant,andIdon'tlikethis.57.WhichofthefollowingCANNOTbeusedasanominalsubstitute(名词替代词)?______.A.Much.B.Neither.C.One.D.Quarter.58.AllthefollowingsentencesdefinitelyindicatefuturetimeEXCEPT______.A.MotheristohaveteawithAuntBettyatfour.B.ThePresidentiscomingtotheUNnextweek.C.Theschoolpupilswillbehomebynow.D.Heisgoingtoemailmethenecessaryinformation.59.WhichofthefollowingsentencesisgrammaticallyINCORRECT?______.A.Politicsaretheartorscienceofgovernment.B.Tenmilesseemslikealongwalktome.C.Mumpsisakindofinfectiousdisease.D.Allthefurniturehasarrivedundamaged.60.Whichofinthefollowingphrasesindicatesasubject-predicaterelationship?______.A.ThearrivalofthetouristsB.ThelawofNewtonC.TheoccupationoftheislandD.TheplaysofOscarWilde61.Whichofthefollowingitalicizedpartsservesasanappositive?______.A.Heisnotthemantodrawback.B.Tonyhitbacktheurgetotellalie.rryhasalargefamilytosupport.D.Thereisreallynothingtofear.62.WhichofthefollowingisNOTanimperativesentence?______.A.Letmedriveyouhome,shallI?B.Youwillmindyourownbusiness!eandhavedinnerwithus.D.Iwishyoucouldstaybehind.,63.Ifit______tomorrow,thematchwouldbeputoff.A.weretorainB.wastorainC.wasrainingD.hadrained64.Whichofthefollowingsentencesexpressesafact?______.A.Maryandhersonmustbehomebynow.B.Carelessreadingmustgivepoorresults.C.It?sgettinglate,andImustleavenow.D.Hemustbeworkinglateattheoffice.65.Thefollowingarealldynamicverbs(动态动词)EXCEPT______.A.remain.B.turn.C.write.D.knock.66.____toschoollifewaslessdifficultthanthepupilhadexpected.A.AdheringB.AdoptingC.AdjustingD.Acquainting67.Heisfedupwiththesameolddrearyroutine,andwantstoquithisjob.Theunderlinedp artmeans_________.A.dullB.boringC.longD.hard68.Atlastnight?spartyLarrysaidsomethingthatIthoughwasbeyondme.Theunderlinedp artmeans________.A.IwasunabletodoC.IwasunabletostopB.Icouldn?tunderstandD.Icouldn?ttolerate69.Thecouple______theiroldhouseandsolditforavastprofit.A.didforB.didinC.didwithD.didup70.Sallycontributedalottotheproject,butsheneveronceacceptedallthe____forherself.A.creditB.attentionC.focusD.award71.Thechildnodded,apparentlycontentwithhismother?spromise.Theunderlinedpartmea ns_________.A.asfarasonehaslearntB.asfarasoneisconcernedC.asfarasonecanseeD.asfarasoneistold72.The________thatsportbuildscharacteriswellacceptedbypeoplenowadays.A.issueB.argumentC.pointD.sentence73.EveryoneintheofficeknowsthatMelindatakesinfinitecareoverherwork.The underlinedpartmeans________.A.limitedB.unnecessaryC.overdueD.much74.Thenewmeasurewillreducethechanceofseriousinjuryintheeventofanaccident.The underlinedpartmeans_________.A.ifanaccidenthappensB.ifanaccidentcanbepreventedC.beforeanaccidentD.duringanaccident75.Traditionally,localmidwiveswould________allthebabiesinthearea.A.handleB.produceC.deliverD.help76.Nofoodordrinkisallowedonthepremises.Theunderlinedpartmeans________A.prop ositionB.advertisementC.buildingD.street77.Thecourtwouldnotaccepthisappealunless________evidenceisprovided.A.conclusiveB.definiteC.eventualD.concluding78.Assoonasheopenedthedoor,a________ofcoldairsweptthroughthehouse.A.flowB.movementC.rushD.blast79.Shereallywantedtosaysomethingatthemeeting,buteventually________fromit.A.preventedB.refrainedC.limitedD.restricted80.Thecoupletoldthedecoratorthattheywantedtheirbedroomgailypainted.Theunderlinedpartmeans_________.A.brightlyB.light-heartedlyC.cheerfullyD.lightly PARTVREADINGCOMPREHENSION25MIN Inthissectiontherearefourpassagesfollowedbyquestionsorunfinishedstatements,eac hwithfoursuggestedanswersmarkedA,B,CandD.Choosetheonethatyouthinkisthe bestanswer.MarkyouranswersonAnswerSheetTwo.TEXTATheartofpublicspeakingbeganinancientGreeceover2,000yearsago.Now,twitter,instan tmessaging,e-mail,blogsandchatforumsofferrivalapproachestocommunication-butnon ecanreplacetheroleofagreatspeech.Thespokenwordcanhandlevariousvitalfunctions:persuadingorinspiring,informing,payi ngtribute,entertaining,orsimplyintroducingsomeoneorsomethingoracceptingsomething. Overthepastyear,thehumanvoicehashelpedguideusovertheupsanddownsofwhatwa scertainlyastormytime. Persuasionisusedindealingwithorreconcilingdifferentpointsofview.Whentheleadersm etinCopenhageninDecember2009,persuasivewordsfromactivistsencouragedthemtocom mitthemselvestofirmeraction.Inspirationalspeechesconfronttheemotions.Theyfocuson topicsandmattersthatareclosetopeople'shearts.Duringwars,generalsusedinspiringspee chestopreparethetroopsforbattle. Aspeechthatconveysknowledgeandenhancesunderstandingcaninformus.Theinformatio nmustbeclear,accurate,andexpressedinameaningfulandinterestingwa（y.流行病）announced,theideaof“swineflu”rmativespeechesfromWorldHealthOr ganizationofficialshelpedpeopletokeeptheirpanicundercontrolsotheycouldtakesensibl eprecautions. Sadeventsarenevereasytodealwithbutaspeechthatpaystributetothelossofalovedon eandgivespraisefortheircontributioncanbecomforting.Madonna'sspeechaboutMichael Jackson,afterhisdeath,highlightedthefactthathewillcontinuetoliveonthroughhismusi c.It'snotonlyinworldforumswherepublicspeakingplaysanimportantrole.Itcanalsobesur prisinglyhelpfulinthecourseofourownlives.Ifyou?retakingpartinadebateyouneedtopersuadethelistenersofthesoundnessofyoura rgument.Insports,athletesknowtheimportanceofapeptalk（鼓舞士气的讲话）beforeamatchtoinspireteammates.Youyourselfmaybeaskedtodoapresentationat collegeorworktoinformtheothersaboutanareaofvitalimportance. Onamorepersonallevel,afriendmaybeupsetandneedcomforting.Oryoumightbeasked tointroduceaspeakeratafamilyeventortospeakatawedding,whereyourlanguagewillb eneededtomovepeopleormakethemlaugh.Greatspeakingabilityisnotsomethingwe'rebornwith.EvenBarackObamaworkshardtop erfecteveryspeech.Forabrilliantspeech,therearerulesthatyoucanputtogooduse.Tolea rnthoserulesyouhavetopracticeandlearnfromsomeoutstandingspeechesinthepast.81.Theauthorthinksthespokenwordisstillirreplaceablebecause______.A.ithasalwaysbeenusedtoinspireorpersuadepeople.B.ithasabigroletoplayintheentertainmentbusiness.C.itplaysimportantrolesinhumancommunication.D.itisofgreatuseineveryday-lifecontext.82.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisINCORRECTabouttheroleofpublicspeaking?_____A.Speechesatworldforumscanleadtoeffectivesolutionstoworldproblems.B.Speechesfrommedicalauthoritiescancalmpeopledownintimesofpandemics.C.Themoraleofsold iersbeforeabattlecanbeboostedbyseniorofficers'speeches.D.Speechespayingtributetothedeadcancomfortthemourners.83.PublicspeakingcanplayallthefollowingrolesEXCEPT______.A.toconvincepeopleinadebate.B.toinformpeopleatapresentation.C.toadvisepeopleatwork.D.toentertainpeopleatawedding.84.Accordingtothepassage,whichofthefollowingbestexplainstheauthor'sviewon______“g r e a s p t eakingability”?A.Itcomesfromobservingrules.B.Itcanbeperfectedwitheasyeffort.C.Itcanbeacquiredfrombirth.D.Itcomesfromlearningandpractice.85.Whatisthemainideaofthepassage?______.A.Publicspeakingininternationalforums.B.Themanyusesofpublicspeaking.C.Publicspeakingindailylifecontext.D.Therulesofpublicspeaking.TEXTBEverybusinessneedstwothings,saysSkullcandyCEORickAlden:inspirationanddesperation.In2001,Aldenhadboth.He'dsoldtwosnowboardingbusinesses,andhewasdesperatelybored.Buthehadanidea:Hewantedtomakeanewkindofheadphone“.I k eptseeingpe oplemissingtheircellphonecallsbecausetheywerelisteningtomusic,”h eexplains.ThenI'minachairlift,I'vegotmyheadphoneson,andIrealizemyphoneisringing.As1takemyg lovesoffandreachformyphone,Ithink,“Itcan'tbethattoughtomakeheadphoneswithtwoplugs,oneformusicandoneforyourcellphone.”Aldendescribedwhathewantedtoadesigner,perfectedaprototype,andoutsource（d外包）manufacturingoverseas. Aldenthenstarteddesigningheadphonesintohelmets,backpacks-anywherethatwouldmak eiteasytolistentomusicwhilesnowboarding.“Sellingintoboardandskateshopswasn'ta bigresearcheffort,h”e explains.“ThoseweretheonlyguysIknew!”Aldendidn?twanttobeamanufacturer.Andbyoutsourcing,he'dhopedhecouldgetthebusinessoffthegroundwithoutdebt.Buthewas wrong.Soheaskedhiswife“,C a n I puta（抵押贷款）onthehouse?Shesaid,,Whatistheworstthingthatcanhappen?Welosethehouse,wesellourcars,andwestartall overagain.?Idefinitelymarriedtherightwoman!”Forthenexttwoyears,Aldenjuggledmortgagepaymentsandpaymentstohismanufacturersh esays.“Buitttakesfourorfivemonthstogetamortgag .“Factoriewson'tshipyourproducttilltheygetpaid,”ecompanysoupsetthattheyknockonyourdoor.Sowepaidthefactoryfirst.”Gradually,non-snowboardersbegantonoticethecolorfulheadphones.In2006,thecompanystartedsellingthemin1,400FYE( ForYourEntertainment)stores“.WeknewthatnineoutoftenpeoplewalkingintothatstorewouldbelearningaboutSkullcandyforthefirsttime.Why wouldtheylookatbrandstheyknewandtakehomeanewbrandinstead?Wehadagreedto buybackanythingwedidn?tsell,butweweredealingwithhugenumbers.It?dkillustotake backalltheproductsAlden?sfearsfadedasSkullcandybecametheNo.1headphonesellerinthosestoresandtripleditsrevenueto$120millioninoneyear.Hiskeyinsightwasthatheadphonewseren?tgadgets;theywereafashio naccessory“.Inthebeginning,h”esays,“thaltittlewhitewirethatsaidyouhadaniPod---thatwascool.Butnowwearingthewhitebudmeansyou?rejustlikeeveryoneelse.Headphonesoccupythiscriticalpieceofcranialrealestateandarehighlyvisible.”Today,SkullcandyisAmerica'ssecond-largestheadphonesupplier,afterSony.With79employees,thecompanyisbiggerthanAldeneverimagined.86.Aldencameupwiththeideaofanewkindofheadphonebecausehe______.A.wasnolongerinsnowboardingbusiness.B.hadnootherbusinessopportunities.C.wasveryfondofmodernmusic.D.sawaninconvenienceamongmobileusers.87.Thenewheadphonewasoriginallydesignedfor______.A.snowboarders.B.motorcyclists.C.mountainhikers.D.marathonrunners.88.DidAldensolvethemoneyproblem?______.A.Hesoldhishouseandhiscars.B.Factoriescouldshipproductsbeforebeingpaid.C.Heborrowedmoneyfromamortgagecompany.D.Heborrowedmoneyfromhiswife'sfamily.89.WhatdidAldendotopromotesalesinFYEstores?______.A.Hespentmoremoneyonproductadvertising.B.Hepromisedtobuybackproductsnotsold.C.Heagreedtosellproductsatadiscount.D.Heimprovedthecolourdesignoftheproduct.90.Aldenseesheadphonesas______.A.asignofself-confidence.B.asymbolofstatus.C.partoffashion.D.akindofdevice.TEXTCIwasstandinginmykitchenwonderingwhattohaveforlunchwhenmyfriendTajcalled.“Sitdown,”shesaid.Ithoughtshewasgoingtotellmeshehadjustgottenthehaircutfromhell.Ilaughedandsaid,“I c t an'tbethatbad.”Butitwas.Beforethephonecall,Ihad30yearsofretirementsavingina“safefu”ndwithabrilliantfinancia lguru（金融大亨）.WhenIputdownthephone,mysavingsweregone.IfeltasifIhaddiedand,forsomeunknownreason,wasstillbreathing.SinceBernieMadoff?sarrestonchargesofrunninga$65millionPonzischeme,I've readmanyarticlesabouthowweinvestorsshouldhaveknownwhatwasgoingon.IwishIc ouldsayIhadreservationsaboutMadoffbefore“theCall”b,u tIdidnot.OnNewYear'sEve,threeweeksafterwelostoursavings,sixofusMadoffpeoplegatheredatTaj'shousefordinner.Asweweresittingaroundthetable,someoneaske“d,Ifyoucouldh aveyourmoneybackrightnow,butitwouldmeangivingupwhatyouhavelearnedbylosingit,wouldyoutakethemoneyorwouldyoutakewhatlosingthemoneyhasgivenyou?”Myhusbandwasstillinfinancialshock.Hesaid,“I justwantthemoneyback.”Iwasn'tcert ainwhereIstood.Iknewthatlosingourmoneyhadcrackedmewideo p e n I?.dbeenwalking aroundlikewhattheBuddhistscallahungryghost:alwaysfocusedonthebitethatwasyettocome,nottheoneinmymouth.NomatterhowmuchIateorhadorexperienced,ditidn?tsatisfyme,becauseIwasn?treallytakingitin,wasn'tabsorbingit.NowIwasforcedtopayattention.Still,Icouldn'thonestlysaythatifsomeonehadofferedmethemoneyback,Iwou ldturnitdown. Buttheotherfourallsaidthatwhattheywereseeingaboutthemselveswasincalculable,andtheydidn?tthinkitwouldhavebecomeapparentwithoutthegroundoffinancialstabilitybeingrippedoutfromunderneaththem.MyfriendMichaelsaid,I?dstartedtogetcomplacent.It?sasifthemusclesofmyheartstartedtoatroph（萎缩）.Nowthey?reawake,alive—andIdon?twanttogoback.”Theseweren?jutstemptywords.Michaelandhiswifeneededtotakeinboarderstome ettheirexpenses.Tajwassobrokethatshewasmovingintsoomeone?sgarageapartmentinthreeweeks.Threefriendshaddeclaredbankruptcyandweren'tsurewhereorhowtheyweregoingtolive.91.WhatdidtheauthorlearnfromTaj?scall?A.hadgotanawfulhaircut.B.Theyhadlosttheirretirementsavings.C.Tajhadjustretiredfromwork.D.Theyweregoingtomeetforlunch.92.Howdidtheauthorfeelinthefollowingweeks?A.Angry.B.Disappointed.C.Indifferent.D.Desperate.e forcedtopayattention”?93.Accordingtothepassage,towhichwassh“A.Herfriends.B.Herhusband.C.Herlostsavings.D.Herexperience.94.WhichofthefollowingstatementsisCORRECTaboutherfriends?A.Herfriendsvaluedtheirexperiencemore.B.Herfriendsfeltthesameasshedid.C.Herfriendswereinabetterfinancialsituation.DHerfriendsweremoreoptimisticthanshe.95.Whatisthemessageofthepassage?A.Desireformoneyishumannature.B.Onehastobedecisiveduringcrises.C.Understandinggainedismoreimportantthanmoneylost.D.Itisnaturaltoseevariedresponsestofinancialcrises.TEXTDInthe19thcentury,thereusedtobeamodelofhowtobeagoodperson.Therearealltheseto rrentsofpassionflowingthroughyou.Yourjob,ascaptainofyoursoul,istoerectdamstok eepthesepassionsincheck.Yourjobistojustsaynotolaziness,lust,greed,druguseandtheothersins.Thesedaysthatmodelisoutoffashion.Youusuallycan?tchangeyourbehaviourbysimply resolvingtodosomething.Knowingwhattodoisnotthesameasbeingabletodoit. Yourwillpowerisnotlikeadamthatcanblockthetorrentofself-indulgence.It'smorelikea muscle,whichtireseasily.Moreover,you'reasocialbeing.Ifeverybodyaroundyouisover eating,you?llprobablydoso,too.The19th-centurycharactermodelwasbasedonanunderstandingoffreewill.Today,wekn owthatfreewillisbounded.Peoplecanchangetheirlives,butorderingchangeisnotsimple becausemanythings,evenwithinourselves,arebeyondourdirectcontrol. Muchofourbehaviour,forexample,isguidedbyunconscioushabits.ResearchersatDuke Universitycalculatedthatmorethan40percentoftheactionswetakearegovernedbyhabit, notactualdecisions.Researchershavealsocometounderstandthestructureofha—bictsue, routine,reward.Youcanchangeyourownpersonalhabits.Ifyouleaverunningshortsontheflooratnight,that'llbeacuetogorunninginthemorning.Don?ttrytoignoreyourafternoonsnack craving.Everytimeyoufeelthecueforasnack,insertanotherroutine.Takeawalk. Theirresearchthusimpliesadifferentcharactermodel,whichissupposedtomanipulatethe neural（神经系统的）networksinside.Tobeaneffectiveperson,underthismodel,youaresupposedtocoollyexamineyourownun conscioushabits,andthehabitsofthoseunderyourcare.Youaresupposedtodevisestrategi estoalterthecuesandroutines.Everyrelationshipbecomesslightlymanipulative,including yourrelationshipwithyourself.You'retryingtoarousecertainresponsesbyimplantingcert aincues.Thisisabitdisturbing,becausetheimportanthabitualneuralnetworksarenotformedbyme reroutine,norcantheybereversedbyclevercues.Theyareburnedinbyemotionandstreng thenedbystrongyearnings,liketheyearningsforadmirationandrighteousness.Ifyouthinky oucanchangeyourlifeinacleverway,thewayanadvertisercangetyoutobuyanairfreshener,you'reprobablywrong.AstheVictoriansunderstood,ifyouwanttochangeyourlife,don?mittosomelargerglobalbelief.96.Whichofthefollowingisakeyelementinthe19th-centurycharactermodel?A.Passion.B.Action.C.Capability.D.Determination.97.The19th-centurymodelsupposedlydoesnotworkbecause______.A.thereweremanyotherfactorsbeyondone'scontrol.B.ithasworkedunsatisfactorilymostofthetime.C.thecomparisonoffreewilltoadamisgroundless.D.whatonewishestodoshouldbeconsideredcarefully.98.WhatisthemainimplicationoftheresearchatDukeUniversity?A.Habitiskeytoone'sbehaviour.B.One'sbehaviourisdifficulttochange.C.Bothhabitandwillpowerareimportant.D.Habithasanunidentifiedstructure.99.Accordingtothenewcharactermodel,personalbehaviourcouldbealteredthrough_____ _.A.cuestostopalltheformerunconscioushabits.B.cuestomanipulatethehabitualneuralresponses.C.techniquestodevisedifferentphysicalcues.D.techniquestosupplementoldroutines.100.Welearnfromthepassagethatthenewcharactermodel______.A.stressestheneuralandpsychologicalaspectsofhabitchange.B.canbringaboutchangesinone'slifelikewhatadvertisersdo.C.hasbeenusedtochangebehavioursuccessfully.D.dealsbetterwithemotionalaspectsofbehaviour.PARTVIWRITINGSECTIONACOMPOSITION45MINMostofus,asstudents,arecarefulwithourmoneyindailylife:wecollectallkindsofcoupo ns;welookforgroup-buydealsifweeatoutortravel;wedon'tbuyclothesunlessinasale.Ho wever,somepeoplethinkthatallthismaynotmakeussmartconsumers.Whatisyouropinion?WriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEacompositionofabout200words.Youaretowriteinthreeparts.Inthefirstpart,statespecificallywhatyouropinionis.Inthesecondpart,provideoneortworeasonsoryourexperience(s)tosupportyouropinion.Inthelastpart,bringwhatyouhavewrittentoanaturalconclusionormakeasummary. Youshouldsupplyanappropriatetitleforyourcomposition. Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,languageandappropriateness.SECTIONBNOTE-WRITING[10MIN]WriteonANSWERSHEETTHREEanoteofabout50-60wordsbasedonthefollowingsituation:Yourformerhigh-schoolclassmate(MatheworGrace)iscomingtovisityouinthedorm.But,youhavegotsomethingurgenttodoandthuscannotwaitforhim/herthere.Leaveanoteo nthedoor,expressingyourapologyandtellinghim/herhowtofindyou.Youmustmakeclea rwhereyouareinthenote.Markswillbeawardedforcontent,organization,languageandappropriateness.附：【答案详解】PART1DictationWhatisadreamfor?Onetheoryisthatwedreamtoreleasethedeepsecretdesires.Wedon'texpressthese desiresinreallifebecauseoftherulesofpolitesociety.Anothertheoryisthatdreamsallow ustosolveproblemsthatwecan'tsolveinreallife.Wegotosleepwiththeproblemandwake upwiththesolution.Thismaybeawaytouseourdreamsratherthanapurposeofdreaming. Ifyoubelievethatyourdreamsareimportant,thenanalyzingthemmayhelpyoutofocuson theproblemandhelpyoutofindthesolution.Themodernimageisthatthedreamsarethebrains'waveofcleaningupthecomputer'sharddisk.Dreamsorganizetheeventsoftheday intofoldersanddeletewhatisnotneeded.Butweallknowthatverylittleofwhatwedream isconcernedwithwhathappenedtousthatday.PART2LITENINGCOMPREHENSION1-10ABCADACAAD11-20DCADBBBDAC。
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2013年英语专四词汇语法模拟练习及答案解析(1) 1. What seems confusing and fragmented at first might well become____a third time.A. notable and systematicB. clear and organicC. clean and measurableD. pure and wholesome 2. They failed to pass the exam last time; I regretted ____.A. to be not able to helpB. being unable to helpC. being not able to helpingD. not be able to help 3. At a press conference after the Oscar Award ceremony, the 18-year-old girl spoke in a barely____ voice.A. identicalB. legibleC. optionalD. audible 4. All ____is a continuous supply of fuel oil.A. what is neededB. that is neededC. the thing neededD. for their needs 5. Today dozens of scientific group in different countries have been____the goal of a practical and economic way to use sunlight to split water molecules.A. reachingB. winningC. chasingD. pursuing 6. You said the books were on the desk, but ____there.A. there was no oneB. there were noneC. there were no onesD. was none 7. Before the project was started, we asked the designer to give us an ____of the cost of building such a museum.A. estimateB. evaluationC. assessmentD. announcement 8. From the top of the building, we can see the bridge____construction.A. byB. inC. underD. below 9. “When did Gertrude finally get to the theatre?” “Just before the end of ____.”A. the act secondB. act secondC. Act TwoD. the act two 10. Though he views himself as a realist, Michael says that his findings make him very ____about future.A. optimisticB. objectiveC. precautiousD. sympathetic 11. “Have you flown very much?” “As a matter of fact, this trip is ____.”A. my firstB. the first to meC. the first one of mineD. my one to be the first 12. In Boston, as in the rest of the United States, ____ schooling begins at age 5 and ends at 16.A. oblidgedB. compulsoryC. compellingD. forced 13. “Let’s take a walk before we start to study.” “Oh, I think it’s ____ for walking.”A. much too hotB. very much hotC. too much heatD. very much heat 14. China started its space industry only in recent years, and should ____ no time in catching up.A. delayB. lagC. lessenD. lose 15. It’s quite late now and Mr. White____hasn’t left his office.A. stillB. alreadyC. sinceD. yet 参考答案 1. 答案 B 【参考译文】一些初看既令人困惑又零零碎碎的事物经过再三思量会变得清晰而系统。
【试题分析】此题考查形容词词义。
【详细解答】从题意可以看出需要选与confusing and fragmented(既令人困惑又零零碎碎的)意思相对的一组词，只有clear and organic(既清晰又系统的)符合要求。
clean and me asurable既干净又可度量的，notable and systematic值得注意的而且系统的，pure and wholesome纯正的且有益的。
都不符合题意。
因此B为正确选项。
2. 答案 B 【参考译文】上次他们没有通过考试，我后悔没能帮他们一把。
【试题分析】此题考查动词regret的用法。
【详细解答】某些动词跟不定式做宾语与跟-ing分词作宾语时有区别：“regret+不定式”：对尚未做的或正在做的事表示遗憾;“regret+-ing分词”：对做过的事情表示后悔。
因此B为正确选项。
3. 答案 D 【参考译文】在奥斯卡颁奖典礼后的记者招待会上，这位18岁的女孩发言的声音小得几乎听不见。
【试题分析】此题考查形容词词义。
【详细解答】 audible意为“可听得见的”，符合本题题意。
optional作“可选择的，随意的”讲;legible意为“字迹清楚的，易读的”;identical意为“相同的，完全一样的”。
因此D为正确选项。
4. 答案 B 【参考译文】我们所需要的就是持续不断地得到燃油供应。
【试题分析】此题考查定语从句的用法。
【详细解答】当定语从句修饰的先行词前有all,any,no,only,little,much修饰，或者这些先行词本身就是all,any,little,much,anything,nothing等不定代词时，一般应用关系代词that。
因此B为正确选项。
5. 答案 D 【参考译文】如今各国许多的科学小组正探寻实用而节约的方法，以便利用太阳能分解出水分子。
【试题分析】此题考查动词词义及搭配。
【详细解答】 pursue在此意为“继续从事，忙于”，符合本题题意。
chase作“追求，追逐”讲;reach则意为“到达，达到”;win作“赢得，获胜”讲。
因此D为正确选项。
6. 答案 B 【参考译文】你说参考书在书桌上，但那儿没有。
【试题分析】此题考查不定代词的用法。
【详细解答】 no one表示“一个也没有”，即“not a single one”，而且no one只代表单数名词，只能指人，谓语也用单数。
none 表示“……之中没有一个”。
none可以代替单数与复数名词，谓语也有单复数。
none既可指人，又可指物。
此处none指代books，是复数形式。
因此B为正确选项。
7. 答案 A 【参考译文】在项目开工前，我们请设计者为建这样一座博物馆估计一下成本。
【试题分析】此题考查名词词义。
【详细解答】estimate此处意为“出价，估价”，符合本题题意，而assessment意为“估计，估税，评定”;announcement作“宣布，宣告”讲，evaluation则意为“估价，评价”。
因此A为正确选项。
8. 答案 C 【参考译文】从这座建筑物顶部，我们可以看到在建筑中的桥梁。
【试题分析】此题考查介词用法。
【详细解答】under作为介词，可以表示“正在……的过程中”;其他三个介词均没有这个用法。
因此C为正确选项。
9. 答案 C 【参考译文】 “格特鲁德最后是什么时候到达剧院的?”，“正好在第二幕结束前。
” 【试题分析】此题考查数词与名词的连用。
【详细解答】数词与名词连用时，它们的次序为“名词+基数词”，或者“the+序数词+名词”。
因此C为正确选项。
0. 答案 A 【参考译文】虽然他视自己为现实主义者，但麦克说他的发现使他对未来持乐观的看法。
【试题分析】此题考查形容词词义。
【详细解答】optimistic意为“乐观的，有信心的”，符合本题题意。
sympathetic 意为“有同情心的，表示同情的”;objective意为“客观的”;precautious是干扰项，该词正确的拼写应为precautionary。
因此A为正确选项。
11. 答案 A 【参考译文】 “你是否常坐飞机?”“老实说，这次旅游是我第一次坐飞机。
” 【试题分析】此题考查数词的用法。
【详细解答】序数词可做表语和定语。
序数词做定语时，后面被修饰的名词往往可以省略。
此处my first指my first trip， trip省去。
因此A为正确选项。
12. 答案 B 【参考译文】波士顿和美国其它地方一样实行义务教育的年龄段为5岁至16岁。
【试题分析】此题考查形容词词义。
【详细解答】这四个词都有“强迫”的意思，但compulsory意为“必须要做的，义务的”，符合本题题意。
compelling意为“强迫的，逼迫的”;forced意为“被迫的，勉强的”;obliged意为“不得已的”。
因此B为正确选项。
13. 答案 A 【参考译文】 “在开始工作前先散一下步。
”“嗯，我认为这天散步太热了。
” 【试题分析】此题考查副词的习惯用法。
【详细解答】much too和far too作副词，用来加强语气，修饰形容词。
因此A为正确选项。
14. 答案 D 【参考译文】中国只是在近些年才开始发展航空工业，所以应该抓紧时间以期与世同步。