新概念英语第三册笔记第47课上课教案
(完整版)新概念英语第三册笔记第47课上课教案
Lesson 47 Too high a price 代价是否太高New words and expression 生词和短语pollution n..污染相应词型: pollute, polluted, pollution, polluterair pollution water pollution noise pollution information pollutionpollutant n.污染物chemical pollutantpollute v.污染More and more water is been polluted.Pollution is the major problem we are faced with.Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution.eg. Peking is heavily polluted. pollute one's mind 污染心灵polluter A polluter is someone or something that pollutes the environment. 污染者; 污染源innocent adj.无害的，无污染的an innocent glass of wateroverpopulated adj.人口多的overpeopledpopulate v.居住于If an area is populated by certain people or animals聚居; 栖息eg. The north-east of the U.S.A is populated mainly by farmers.美国东北部的居民主要是农民。
densely populated人口多的（人口密度过大的）/heavily populated /thickly populated /over populated sparsely populated [‘spɑ:sli] 人口稀少的稀疏地；贫乏地/thinly populated /under populatedshift population流动人口population explosion 人口爆炸sparsely-populated community 人口稀疏的地区== sparsely-peopledpopulation 人口数量What’s the population in your country? The city has a population of two million.populous [‘pɒpjələs] adj. 正式，强调一个地区人口众多，拥挤The narrow street is populous with people.The most populous province in China is SiChuan.over-industrialized adj.过度工业化的commercialization 商品化-(z)ation …化industrialization 工业化denationalization私有化desertification沙漠化sheer [ʃɪə(r)] adj.纯粹的，不掺杂的（只做定语）1.pure unmixed 纯粹的[ADJ n] [强调]2.steep [sti:p] 陡峭的; 完全垂直的It is very difficult for us to climb sheer mountain. The cliff is so sheer that you can’t climb it.plete完全的What are you talking about sheer nonsense?4.Transparent [træns’pærənt]透明的ladies and girls would like to wear sheer silk stockings.sheer luck实在是运气sheer stupidity 太蠢了the sheer weight 净重the sheer size净尺寸the sheer volume总体积(use to emphasize how heavy or big something is)eg. The sheer area of China is bigger than the whole Europe.mere 仅仅（程度低）a mere 20 miles 仅20英里 a mere childworldwide adv.在全世界（adj. 全世界的adv. 在世界各地）nationwide adj.全国范围的，举国上下的world wide web 万维网overwhelm [,əʊvə’welm] v.制服，使不知所措(淹没；压倒；受打击；覆盖；压垮)1、(强烈地影响而) 使不知所措If you are overwhelmed by a feeling or event, it affects you very strongly,2、彻底制服; 击败If a group of people overwhelm a place or another group, they gain complete control or victory over them.He was overwhelmed by grief.悲伤至极Grief seized him.Your kindness quite overwhelms me. （I appreciates your kindness.）The problem overwhelmes (is beyond/above) me.辨析：conquer征服，占领，克服He conquered the city.口头上表达克服困难：overcome, get rid of (difficulties)be overwhelmed with sorrow不胜悲伤be overwhelmed with his generosity 不胜感激（对他的慷慨）overwhelming majority 压倒多数overwhelming victory 压倒性的胜利pollute v.污染pesticide n.杀虫剂-cide -icide 杀死Genocide [‘dʒenəsaɪd]种族灭绝犹太人，塞黑，卢旺达Suicide insecticide [ɪn’sektɪsaɪd] 杀虫剂herbicide [‘hɜ:bɪsaɪd] 除草剂Herb [hɜ:b] 草本植物，香草，草药herbal adj. 草药的；草本的herbal essence草本精华Chinese herbal prescription中草药组方fertilizer n.肥料（（天然或化学的））fertilize vt 施肥；使受精; 使授粉词根：fertileadj. fertile 富饶的，肥沃的；能生育的n. fertility 多产；肥沃；[农经] 生产力；丰饶fertilizer [肥料] 肥料；受精媒介物；促进发展者==fertiliser 化肥（等于fertilizer）fertilisation 受精（等于fertilization）；施肥fertile soil肥沃的土壤fertile imagination 丰富的想象力fertile mind活跃的思维fertile brain活跃的大脑productive adj.高产量的a productive hen a productive writer<-> sterile [‘steraɪl] adj.贫瘠的(不育的；无菌的；贫瘠的；不毛的；)salmonella [,sælmə’nelə] n.沙门氏菌通常寄居在人或动物肠道内。
新概念英语第三册笔记第47课上课教案
Lesson 47 Too high a price 代价是否太高New words and expression 生词和短语pollution n..污染相应词型: pollute, polluted, pollution, polluterair pollution water pollution noise pollution information pollutionpollutant n.污染物chemical pollutantpollute v.污染More and more water is been polluted.Pollution is the major problem we are faced with.Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution.eg. Peking is heavily polluted. pollute one's mind 污染心灵polluter A polluter is someone or something that pollutes the environment. 污染者; 污染源innocent adj.无害的，无污染的an innocent glass of wateroverpopulated adj.人口多的overpeopledpopulate v.居住于If an area is populated by certain people or animals聚居; 栖息eg. The north-east of the U.S.A is populated mainly by farmers.美国东北部的居民主要是农民。
densely populated人口多的（人口密度过大的）/heavily populated /thickly populated /over populated sparsely populated [‘spɑ:sli] 人口稀少的稀疏地；贫乏地/thinly populated /under populatedshift population流动人口population explosion 人口爆炸sparsely-populated community 人口稀疏的地区== sparsely-peopledpopulation 人口数量What’s the population in your country? The city has a population of two million.populous [‘pɒpjələs] adj. 正式，强调一个地区人口众多，拥挤The narrow street is populous with people.The most populous province in China is SiChuan.over-industrialized adj.过度工业化的commercialization 商品化-(z)ation …化industrialization 工业化denationalization私有化desertification沙漠化sheer [ʃɪə(r)] adj.纯粹的，不掺杂的（只做定语）1.pure unmixed 纯粹的[ADJ n] [强调]2.steep [sti:p] 陡峭的; 完全垂直的It is very difficult for us to climb sheer mountain. The cliff is so sheer that you can’t climb it.plete完全的What are you talking about sheer nonsense?4.Transparent [træns’pærənt]透明的ladies and girls would like to wear sheer silk stockings.sheer luck实在是运气sheer stupidity 太蠢了the sheer weight 净重the sheer size净尺寸the sheer volume总体积(use to emphasize how heavy or big something is)eg. The sheer area of China is bigger than the whole Europe.mere 仅仅（程度低）a mere 20 miles 仅20英里 a mere childworldwide adv.在全世界（adj. 全世界的adv. 在世界各地）nationwide adj.全国范围的，举国上下的world wide web 万维网overwhelm [,əʊvə’welm] v.制服，使不知所措(淹没；压倒；受打击；覆盖；压垮)1、(强烈地影响而) 使不知所措If you are overwhelmed by a feeling or event, it affects you very strongly,2、彻底制服; 击败If a group of people overwhelm a place or another group, they gain complete control or victory over them.He was overwhelmed by grief.悲伤至极Grief seized him.Your kindness quite overwhelms me. （I appreciates your kindness.）The problem overwhelmes (is beyond/above) me.辨析：conquer征服，占领，克服He conquered the city.口头上表达克服困难：overcome, get rid of (difficulties)be overwhelmed with sorrow不胜悲伤be overwhelmed with his generosity 不胜感激（对他的慷慨）overwhelming majority 压倒多数overwhelming victory 压倒性的胜利pollute v.污染pesticide n.杀虫剂-cide -icide 杀死Genocide [‘dʒenəsaɪd]种族灭绝犹太人，塞黑，卢旺达Suicide insecticide [ɪn’sektɪsaɪd] 杀虫剂herbicide [‘hɜ:bɪsaɪd] 除草剂Herb [hɜ:b] 草本植物，香草，草药herbal adj. 草药的；草本的herbal essence草本精华Chinese herbal prescription中草药组方fertilizer n.肥料（（天然或化学的））fertilize vt 施肥；使受精; 使授粉词根：fertileadj. fertile 富饶的，肥沃的；能生育的n. fertility 多产；肥沃；[农经] 生产力；丰饶fertilizer [肥料] 肥料；受精媒介物；促进发展者==fertiliser 化肥（等于fertilizer）fertilisation 受精（等于fertilization）；施肥fertile soil肥沃的土壤fertile imagination 丰富的想象力fertile mind活跃的思维fertile brain活跃的大脑productive adj.高产量的a productive hen a productive writer<-> sterile [‘steraɪl] adj.贫瘠的(不育的；无菌的；贫瘠的；不毛的；)salmonella [,sælmə’nelə] n.沙门氏菌通常寄居在人或动物肠道内。
新概念英语第三册：Lesson47课后习题及答案
【导语】新概念系列教材的经典早已家喻户晓。
其⽂章的短⼩精悍，语句的幽默诙谐，语法的全⾯⽽系统，历来被公认为是适合绝⼤多数朋友学习英语的资料之⼀。
你或许还没有加⼊到学习中来，但是任何时候的学习都不会晚。
快来学习吧！为您整理了以下内容，仅供参考。
希望对您的学习有帮助！如果您想要了解更多相关内容，欢迎关注！【篇⼀】Multiple choice questions 1. c 2. b The root cause of pollution in agriculture is the twin pressures to produce more food and at lower cost. (背诵) root n. 修饰 cause twin 表⽰密切相关联的两种压⼒ 3. a the most distressing 最让⼈不能集中注意⼒的 4. c Snoring causes a severe noise problem for women of all ages.(背诵) 5. a a way to do/of doing 6. c 7. a people traveling around the world (lesson 44) quite often 不表⽰正在进⾏，⽽表⽰主动的动作 people who travel around the world quite often 8. a 强调句式 9. c (背诵) 原⽂中⽤ make contribution to play an important role/part in sth. do its bit: 尽本分做应该做的 do a share: 做好分内的⼯作 10. c 原⽂中⽤ object to take exception against/to offend: 冒犯、触怒、使不舒服 take offence at sb./sth. 11. a (背诵) 显露出来：bring sth. to light 及物动词短语 come to light 不及物动词短语 The information came to light. It was the captain who brought the information to light. 12. b 原⽂中⽤ against by comparison by comparison wit sth.【篇⼆】 Comprehension 1 ---- the sheer volume of rubbish we produce worldwide _____. a. is heaped up like a great mountain b. is spread over the world like a blanket c. is already beyond our control d. is like a tide that will rise and drown us 2 The root cause of pollution in agriculture is _____ . a. the intensive use of pesticides and fertilizers b. the twin pressures to produce more food and at lower cost c. the confloct between good hygiene and cheap meat production d. the unrealistic price of organically-grown vegetables 背熟： The root cause of pollution in agriculture is the twin pressures to produce more foodand at lower cost. 3 For most people, the most distressing form of noise pollution is _____ .a. dogs barking all nightb. people using mobile phonesc. heavy trucks in quiet villagesd. noisy neighbours having parties 4 Snoring causes a severe noise problem for _____ .a. young males in particularb. a majority of middle-aged menc. women of all agesd. young women especially 背熟：Snoring causes a severe noise problem for women of all ages. Structure 5 ---- there are only four ways _____ rubbish. (ll.2-3)a. of dealing withb. which to deal withc. can be dealt withd. to be dealing with 6 We keep trying _____ methods.(l.5)a. these all fourb. of these all fourc. all of these fourd. all these of four 7 Burglar alarms _____ at any time of the day or night serve only to annoy.(ll.16-17)a. that go offb. that are going offc. go offd. which going off people traveling around the world quite often L47-08 end 10’08” L47-09 begin 5’34” 8 A recent survey revealed that _____dogs barking incessantly in the night that we dislikemost.(ll.18-19)a. it isb. isc. there bed. there are vocabulary 词汇 9 ★★★ New technology has also _____ in noise pollution. (l.23)a. done its bitb. done a sharec. played a roled. given its all make contributio to 导致，造成了 play an important role / part in sth. Eg: Reading plays an important role in our English study. do its bit: 尽本份做应该做的 do a share: 做好份内⼯作 10 A lot of people _____ to mobile phones, especially in public places. (l.24)a. exceptb. offendc. take exceptiond. take offence take exception against offernd 冒犯，触怒，使不舒服 take offence at sb. / sth. 11 背熟：The noise pollution survey _____ a rather surprising source of noise. (ll.26-27)a. brought to lightb. gave birth toc. came to bed. took the lid off bring sth. to light come to light 12 _____ these figures, it was found that only 5% of women snore. (l.29)a. Comparing withb. By comparison withc. In comparingd. In comparing with by comparison by comparison with sth. 【Key to Multiple choice questions】1. C2. B3. A4. C5. A6. C7. A8. A9. C 10. C 11. A 12. B。
新概念英语第三册第47课课堂笔记及答案
every time: whenever
innocent (of) adj. 清白的，无辜的，无知的
Paragraph 3 (l.15)
noise
L47-05 end 12’19”
L47-06 begin 12’49”
◆overwhelm v. 制服，使不知所措
Eg: He was overwhelmed by grief. 他伤心至极
grief seized him.
Your kindness quite overwhelms me.您的这份好心使我感动得难以言表。（被你制服了）
If our country were overwhelm by pollution, it would be terrible.
Eg: The old lady reported to the police and they felt astounded / found it staggering.
◆trumpet v. 吹号
◆partner n. 伙伴
课文讲解】
背诵：Pollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet.
unbroken
uninterrupted
Eg: Last night I had an uninterrupted party.
He gave us a talk uninterruped.
◆whine v. 发呜呜声
◆helicopter n. 直升飞机
新概念47课课文教案设计
新概念47课课文教案设计一、教学目标。
1. 知识与技能。
1）学生能够理解并掌握课文中的重点词汇和句型；2）学生能够正确朗读课文，提高语音语调；3）学生能够通过课文学习，了解相关文化和习俗。
2. 过程与方法。
1）通过听、说、读、写等多种方式，培养学生的语言综合能力；2）激发学生学习英语的兴趣，提高学习积极性；3）采用任务型教学方法，引导学生主动参与课堂活动。
3. 情感态度价值观。
1）培养学生的合作意识和团队精神；2）引导学生尊重不同的文化和习俗；3）激发学生对英语学习的热情，树立信心。
二、教学重难点。
1. 重点。
1）学习课文中的重点词汇和句型；2）培养学生的阅读能力和语音语调。
2. 难点。
1）理解并运用课文中的复杂句型；2）了解并体会课文中的文化内涵。
三、教学过程。
1. 创设情境，导入新课。
1）通过图片或视频展示有关课文内容的场景，引起学生兴趣； 2）教师简要介绍课文背景，激发学生学习的欲望。
2. 学习新知识。
1）学生跟读课文，注意语音语调；2）学生逐句理解课文，掌握重点词汇和句型；3）教师解释课文中的生词和短语，帮助学生理解课文内容。
3. 合作交流，共同探讨。
1）学生分组进行课文内容的讨论和总结；2）学生展示自己的理解和体会，与同学互相交流；3）教师引导学生思考课文中的文化内涵，促进学生的跨文化交流。
4. 拓展延伸，巩固提高。
1）学生进行课文内容的朗读和表演；2）学生完成相关练习和作业，巩固课文内容；3）教师布置相关阅读和写作任务，拓展学生的语言能力。
四、教学手段。
1. 多媒体设备，用于播放与课文相关的图片、视频等素材；2. 教学课件，用于呈现课文内容、生词解释等；3. 学生教材，供学生课堂跟读、理解课文内容；4. 学生练习册，供学生课后巩固练习。
五、教学评价。
1. 课堂表现，学生在课堂上的积极参与度和表现；2. 课后作业，学生完成的相关练习和写作任务；3. 口语表达，学生的朗读和表演能力；4. 学习态度，学生对英语学习的态度和积极性。
新概念英语第三册课堂笔记第47课：Toohighaprice
Lesson 47 Too high a price? 代价太⾼【New words and expressions】⽣词和短语●pollution n. 污染●overpopulated adj.⼈⼝多的●over-industrialized adj. 过度⼯业化的●sheer adj. 纯粹的，不掺杂的●worldwide adv. 在全世界●overwhelm v.制服，使不知所措●pollute v. 污染●pesticide n. 杀⾍剂●fertilizer n. 肥料●salmonella n. 沙门⽒菌●listeia n. 利斯特杆菌●vegetarian n. 吃素的⼈●organically-grown adj. 有机培植的（不施化肥和其他化学品培植）●insidious adj. 暗中为害的●urban adj. 城市的●burglar n. 窃贼●burgle v. ⼊室偷窃●scream v. 尖叫●profound adj. 极度的●irritation n. 烦躁●incessantly adv. 连续不断地●whine v. 发呜呜声●helicopter n. 直升飞机●maximum adj. 的●technology n. 技术●contribution n. 贡献●mobile adj. 可移动的●snore v. 打鼾●offender n. 冒犯者●staggering adj. 令⼈惊愕的●trumpet v.吹号●partner n. 伙伴◆pollution n. 污染 More and more water is been pollution. Pollution is the major problem we are faced with. pollute polluted pollution polluter 污染源 Eg: Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution. contaminate taint defile pollute poison ◆overpopulated adj. ⼈⼝多的 overpeopled sparsely-populated community sparsely-peopled population Eg: What’s the population in your country? Our country has a population of one billion. The city has a population of two million. population explosion populous adj. crowd 公交车拥挤 crewed Eg: The narrow street is populous with people. The most populous province in China is Shichun. province 省 The most populous country in the world is China.◆over-industrialized adj. 过度⼯业化的◆sheer adj. 纯粹的，不掺杂的有四个基本语意 1．pure unmixed 2. steep shere cliff L46-09_47-01 end 12’45”L47-02 begin 12’03” 3. complete Eg: What are you talking about sheer nonsense? 4. transparent sheer silk stockings◆worldwide adv. 在全世界◆overwhelm v. 制服，使不知所措 Eg: He was overwhelmed by grief. 他伤⼼⾄极 grief seized him. Your kindness quite overwhelms me.您的这份好⼼使我感动得难以⾔表。
新概念英语第三册课堂笔记第47课：Too high a price
新概念英语第三册课堂笔记第47课：Too high apriceLesson 47 Too high a price? 代价太高【New words and expressions】生词和短语●pollution n. 污染●overpopulated adj. 人口多的●over-industrialized adj. 过度工业化的●sheer adj. 纯粹的，不掺杂的●worldwide adv. 在全世界●overwhelm v. 制服，使不知所措●pollute v. 污染●pesticide n. 杀虫剂●fertilizer n. 肥料●salmonella n. 沙门氏菌●listeia n. 利斯特杆菌●vegetarian n. 吃素的人●organically-grown adj. 有机培植的（不施化肥和其他化学品培植）●insidious adj. 暗中为害的●urban adj. 城市的●burglar n. 窃贼●bu rgle v. 入室偷窃●scream v. 尖叫●profound adj. 极度的●irritation n. 烦躁●incessantly adv. 连续持续地●whine v. 发呜呜声●helicopter n. 直升飞机●maximum adj. 的●technology n. 技术●contribution n. 贡献●mobile adj. 可移动的●snore v. 打鼾●offender n. 冒犯者●staggering adj. 令人惊愕的●trumpet v. 吹号●partner n. 伙伴◆pollution n. 污染More and more water is been pollution.Pollution is the major problem we are faced with. pollutepollutedpollutionpolluter 污染源Eg： Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution.contaminatetaintdefilepollutepoison◆overpopulated adj. 人口多的overpeopledsparsely-populated communitysparsely-peopledpopulationEg：What’s the population in your country?Our country has a population of one billion.The city has a population of two million.population explosionpopulous adj.crowd 公交车拥挤 crewedEg： The narrow street is populous with people.。
新概念英语第3册课程讲义Lesson47
Lesson 47 Too high a price ?overpopulated[əʊvə'pɒpjuleɪtɪd]adj. 人口过多的overworked overdressedoverestimated overcrowdedovercooked over-industrialized overpopulated overpopulationChina is faced with the problem of overpopulation.populatedensely / thickly populated regionssparsely / thinly populated regionsoverwhelm [əʊvə'welm]v. 大水淹没某地The village was overwhelmed by floods.be overwhelmed with / by grief / despair / excitement ...In June the town is overwhelmed by tourists.I feel a little bit overwhelmed by work.Her beauty completely overwhelmed him.Government troops have overwhelmed the rebels. overwhelmingan overwhelming victorythe overwhelming majorityinsidious [ɪn'sɪdiəs]adj. 潜在的，潜伏的，暗中为害的an insidious disease insidiousjealousy“sid / sed” = sitI wanna hold you till I die, till we both break down and cry. I wanna hold you till the fear in me subsides.profound [prə'faʊnd]adj. 深刻的，深远的，极度的a profound effect / influence / impacta profound poema profound questionprofound sadnessprofound irritationmaximum ['mæksɪməm]adj. 最大的maximum amount / numbermaximum temperaturemaximum voltagemaximizeto maximize profitsto maximize windowsmaximizationthe maximization of profitsminimum minimum wageminimizeto minimize the civilian casualtiesminimizationmobile ['məʊbaɪl] ['moʊbl]adj. 可移动的mobile homemobile librarymobile phonecell / cellular phonehostile docilefertile fragilefutile infantilejuvenile missileagile reptilesnore [snɔ:(r)]v. 打呼噜，打鼾snore sneezesniff gaspsigh yawnblow one’s noseclear one’s throatbreak wind fartPollution is the price we pay for an overpopulated, over industrialized planet.Environmental pollution is becoming increasingly serious.Environmental pollution is a serious problem / issue.Environmental pollution is a global problem / issue.Environmental pollution is an issue that crosses the national boundaries.We should pay attention to the issue of environmental pollution.We should show concern for environmental pollution.We should attach more importance / significance to the issue of environmental pollution.We should make efforts to tackle the problem of environmental pollution.be the price sb. pay for ...造句：沙尘暴(dust storm) 是我们为过度砍伐(tree felling) 付出的代价。
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Lesson 47 Too high a price 代价是否太高New words and expression 生词和短语pollution n..污染型: pollute, polluted, pollution, polluter词相应air pollution water pollution noise pollution information pollutionpollutant n.污染物chemical pollutantpollute v.污染More and more water is been polluted.Pollution is the major problem we are faced with.Gases from cars are one of the polluters of air pollution.eg. Peking is heavily polluted. pollute one's mind污染心灵polluter A polluter is someone or something that pollutes the environment.污染者;污染源innocent adj.无害的，无污染的an innocent glass of wateroverpopulated adj.人口多的overpeopledpopulate v.居住于If an area is populated by certain people or animals 聚居; 栖息eg. The north-east of the U.S.A is populated mainly by farmers. 美国东北部的居民主要是农民。
densely populated 人口多的（人口密度过大的）/heavily populated /thickly populated / over populated sparsely populated [‘spɑ:sli] 人口稀少的稀疏地；贫乏地/thinly populated /under populatedshift population 流动人口population explosion 人口爆炸sparsely-populated community 人口稀疏的地区== sparsely-peopledpopulation 人口数量What’s the population in your country? The city has a population of two million.populous [‘p?pj ?l ?s] adj. 正式，强调一个地区人口众多，拥挤The narrow street is populous with people.The most populous province in China is SiChuan.over-industrialized adj.过度工业化的commercialization 商品化-(z)ation ⋯化industrialization 工业化denationalization 私有化desertification 沙漠化sheer [???(r)] adj.纯粹的，不掺杂的（只做定语）1. pure unmixed纯粹的[ADJ n] [强调]2. steep [sti:p] 陡峭的; 完全垂直的It is very difficult for us to climb sheer mountain. The cliff is so sheer that you can ’t climb it.3. complete 完全的What are you talking about sheer nonsense?4. Transparent [tr?ns ’p?r ?nt]透明的ladies and girls would like to wear sheer silk stockings.sheer luck实在是运气sheer stupidity 太蠢了the sheer weight净重the sheer size净尺寸the sheer volume总体积(use to emphasize how heavy or big something is)eg. The sheer area of China is bigger than the whole Europe.mere仅（程度低）a mere 20 miles仅20 英里 a mere childworldwide adv.在全世界（adj. 全世界的adv. 在世界各地）nationwide adj.全国范围的，举国上下的world wide web 万维网overwhelm [, ??v?’welm] v.制服，使不知所措(淹没；压倒；受打击；覆盖；压垮)1、(强烈地影响而) 使不知所措If you are overwhelmed by a feeling or event, it affects you very strongly,2、彻底制服; 击败If a group of people overwhelm a place or another group, they gain complete control or victory over them.He was overwhelmed by grief. 悲伤至极Grief seized him.Your kindness quite overwhelms me. （I appreciates your kindness.）The problem overwhelmes (is beyond/above) me.辨析：conquer 征服，占领，克服He conquered the city.口头上表达克服困难：overcome, get rid of (difficulties)be overwhelmed with sorrow 不胜悲伤be overwhelmed with his generosity 不胜感激（对他的慷慨）overwhelming majority 压倒多数overwhelming victory 压倒性的胜利pollute v.污染pesticide n.杀虫剂-cide -icide 杀死Genocide [‘d ?en?sa?d]种族灭绝犹太人，塞黑，卢旺达Suicide insecticide [ ?n’sekt?sa?d] 杀虫剂herbicide [ ‘h?: b? s a?d] 除草剂Herb [h ?:b] 草本植物，香草，草药herbal adj. 草药的；草本的herbal essence草本精华Chinese herbal prescription 中草药组方fertilizer n.肥料（（天然或化学的））fertilize vt 施肥；使受精; 使授粉词根：fertileadj. fertile 富饶的，肥沃的；能生育的n. fertility 多产；肥沃；[农经] 生产力；丰饶fertilizer [ 肥料] 肥料；受精媒介物；促进发展者==fertiliser 化肥（等于fertilizer ）fertilisation 受精（等于fertilization ）；施肥fertile soil 肥沃的土壤fertile imagination 丰富的想象力fertile mind 活跃的思维fertile brain 活跃的大脑productive adj.高产量的a productive hen a productive writer<-> sterile [ ‘stera?l] adj.贫瘠的(不育的；无菌的；贫瘠的；不毛的；)salmonella [,s?lm ?’nel ?] n.沙门氏菌通常寄居在人或动物肠道内。
它主要污染动物性食品，包括禽畜类、蛋类、奶类及其制品。
如果没有彻底加热，则可能感染。
fungus [ ‘f??ɡ?s] n.菌，真菌，菌类植物术语，菌类edible fungus 食用菌；木耳chinese caterpillar fungus 冬虫夏草Edible [ ‘e b d l?]adj.可食用的、适宜食用的Edible Mushroom 食用菌Inedible adj.不可以吃的、不适宜食用的disinfectant [,d ?s?n’fekt ?nt] n. 杀菌剂bacteria (系bacterium 的复数形式)，泛指任何在动植物体中广泛传播的微生物细菌，其中有的对生命体无菌重疾病，如天花、霍乱等。
n.病菌，细致传害，有的能导染病或严germ [d ??: m] 微生物的俗称，专指引起人体生命的病菌。
n.病菌virus 技术用语，特指病毒或过滤性病原体。
n.病毒，（引起传染病）bug 非正式用词，指细菌或由病毒所引起的传染病。
microbe [ ‘ma?kr ??b] 本义指在显微镜下才能见到的微生物，现在多指引起疾病的细菌。
n.微生物Musty ['m ?st?] a.陈腐的，落伍的；发霉的，有霉味的在发霉的意义上==mouldyMould [m ??ld] n. 模具，铸模；（人的）个性，类型；霉，霉菌；耕作土壤，腐殖土v. （用模具）浇铸，塑造；对⋯⋯施加影响；将⋯塑造成；紧贴于，吻合（轮廓）；使长霉霉的；旧式的；腐朽的词根：mould adj. mouldy发musty rooms musty book musty bread musty foodstale ：[ste?l]陈的（not fresh）食物，空气，地方，活动，主义等不新鲜，缺乏新鲜感等stale bread陈的面包 a stale job 乏味的工作stereotyped adj. 老一套的，过了时的routine adj. 平淡乏味的listeria [l?’st?ri ?] n.利斯特杆菌是产生致命性细菌食物中毒的原因之一、海产品、乳制品、、蛋类、禽类境中无处李斯特菌在环不在，在绝大多数食品中都能找到李斯特菌。
肉类实是李斯特菌的感染源。
蔬菜等都已被证E.coli 大肠杆菌大多数肠道杆菌是正常菌群。
当免疫力降低(老人小孩)，成为条件致病菌而引起疾病。
等食物中出现、乳品、生蔬菜、海鲜常在肉类vegetarian n.吃素的人n. vegan （英）严格的素食主义者[‘vi:ɡ?n]vegetarianism [,ved ??’te?ri ?n?z?m]素食主义vegetation: plants in general 植物，草本vegetable n.蔬菜human vegetable 植物人carnivorous [k ɑ:’n? v?r ?s] adj. 食肉的；肉食性的organically-grown adj.有机培植（不施化肥和其他化学药品培植）organic adj.有机的organic vegetablesgreen food: unpolluted foodorgan n.1) 器官internal organs 内部器官（组织或者人体digestive organs digest vt 消化digestion 消化2) organization 机构the organ of government3)风琴；管风琴insidious[ ?n’s?di ?s] adj.暗中为害的（to cause serious harm without being noticed 阴险的;隐伏的;暗中为害的）insidious enemies 暗中的敌人insidious obstacles隐藏的障碍insidious disease隐患urban adj.城市的Urb=city urban adj. 城市的，都市的urbanize 城市化urbanization 都市化；文雅化Rural ['r ??r( ?)l] adj.农村的，乡下的；田园的，有乡村风味的Rustic ['r ?st?k] adj. 1、乡村的；2、纯朴的，质朴的；3、粗野的；手工粗糙的n.乡下人；乡巴佬Downtown a.&ad 在市中心，往市中心(尤指商业中心区) n.市中心区;（市中）商业区美式英语Uptown adj.&adv 在(或向)市郊住宅区的;市郊住宅区的;富人区的n. 住宅区，远离商业区的市区burglar n.窃贼各类小偷pickpocket 扒手burglar 入室窃贼shoplifter 商店窃贼thief 小偷（泛指）其他罪犯smuggler 走私犯kidnapper 绑匪hijacker 劫机犯pirate 海盗burglar 指夜间撬窗破门行窃的人。