chapter1-1
Chapter 1_recommended problems
Ch1: Recommended End-of-Chapter ProblemsE 1-1 Accrual accounting● LO2Listed below are several transactions that took place during the first two years ofoperations for the law firm of Pete, Pete, and Roy.In addition, you learn that the company incurred utility costs of $35,000 in year one,that there were no liabilities at the end of year two, no anticipated bad debts onreceivables, and that the insurance policy covers a three-year period.Required:1. Calculate the net operating cash flow for years 1 and2.2. Prepare an income statement for each year similar to Illustration 1-2 on page 8according to the accrual accounting model.3. Determine the amount of receivables from customers that the company wouldshow in its year 1 and year 2 balance sheets prepared according to the accrualaccounting model.E 1-2 Accrual accounting● LO2Listed below are several transactions that took place during the second two years ofoperations for RPG Consulting.In addition, you learn that the company incurred advertising costs of $25,000 inyear 2, owed the advertising agency $5,000 at the end of year 1, and there were noliabilities at the end of year 3. Also, there were no anticipated bad debts onreceivables, and the rent payment was for a two-year period, year 2 and year 3.Required:1. Calculate accrual net income for both years.2. Determine the amount due the advertising agency that would be shown as aliability on the RPG's balance sheet at the end of year 2.E 1-8 Qualitative characteristics● LO6 Phase A of the joint FASB and IASB conceptual framework project stipulates thedesired fundamental and enhancing qualitative characteristics of accountinginformation. Several constraints impede achieving these desired characteristics.Answer each of the following questions related to these characteristics andconstraints.1. Which constraint would allow a company to record the purchase of a $120 printeras an expense rather than capitalizing the printer as an asset?2. Donald Kirk, former chairman of the FASB, on ce noted that “ … there must bepublic confidence that the standard-setting system is credible, that selection ofboard members is based on merit and not the influence of special interests …”Which characteristic is implicit in Mr. Kirk's statement?3. Allied Appliances, Inc., changed its revenue recognition policies. Whichcharacteristic is jeopardized by this change?4. National Bancorp, a publicly traded company, files quarterly and annual financialstatements with the SEC. Which characteristic is relevant to the timing of theseperiodic filings?5. In general, relevant information possesses which qualities?6. When there is agreement between a measure or description and the phenomenonit purports to represent, information possesses which characteristic?7. Jeff Brown is evaluating two companies for future investment potential. Jeff's taskis made easier because both companies use the same accounting methods whenpreparing their financial statements. Which characteristic does the informationJeff will be using possess?8. A company should disclose information only if the perceived benefits of thedisclosure exceed the costs of providing the information. Which constraint doesthis statement describe?E 1-9 Basic assumptions, principles, and constraints● LO6 through LO8Listed below are several terms and phrases associatedwith basic assumptions, broad accounting principles, andconstraints. Pair each item from List A (by letter) with theitem from List B that is most appropriately associatedwith it.E 1-10 Basic assumptions and principles● LO6 through LO8 Listed below are several statements that relate to financial accountingand reporting. Identify the basic assumption, broad accountingprinciple, or constraint that applies to each statement.1. Jim Marley is the sole owner of Marley's Appliances. Jimborrowed $100,000 to buy a new home to be used as his personalresidence. This liability was not recorded in the records of Marley'sAppliances.2. Apple Computer, Inc., distributes an annual report to itsshareholders.3. Hewlett-Packard Corporation depreciates machinery andequipment over their useful lives.4. Crosby Company lists land on its balance sheet at $120,000, itsoriginal purchase price, even though the land has a current fairvalue of $200,000.5. Honeywell Corporation records revenue when products aredelivered to customers, even though the cash has not yet beenreceived.6. Liquidation values are not normally reported in financialstatements even though many companies do go out of business.7. IBM Corporation, a multibillion dollar company, purchased somesmall tools at a cost of $800. Even though the tools will be used fora number of years, the company recorded the purchase as anexpense.● LO7 LO8E 1-11 Basic assumptions and principlesIdentify the basic assumption or broad accounting principle that wasviolated in each of the following situations.1. Pastel Paint Company purchased land two years ago at a price of$250,000. Because the value of the land has appreciated to $400,000,the company has valued the land at $400,000 in its most recent balancesheet.2. Atwell Corporation has not prepared financial statements for externalusers for over three years.3. The Klingon Company sells farm machinery. Revenue from a largeorder of machinery from a new buyer was recorded the day the orderwas received.4. Don Smith is the sole owner of a company called Hardware City. Thecompany recently paid a $150 utility bill for Smith's personal residenceand recorded a $150 expense.5. Golden Book Company purchased a large printing machine for$1,000,000 (a material amount) and recorded the purchase as anexpense.6. Ace Appliance Company is involved in a major lawsuit involvinginjuries sustained by some of its employees in the manufacturing plant.The company is being sued for $2,000,000, a material amount, and isnot insured. The suit was not disclosed in the most recent financialstatements because no settlement had been reached.E 1-12 Basic assumptions and principles● LO6 through LO8 For each of the following situations, indicate whether you agree ordisagree with the financial reporting practice employed and state thebasic assumption, constraint, or accounting principle that is applied (ifyou agree) or violated (if you disagree).1. Wagner Corporation adjusted the valuation of all assets andliabilities to reflect changes in the purchasing power of the dollar.2. Spooner Oil Company changed its method of accounting for oiland gas exploration costs from successful efforts to full cost. Nomention of the change was included in the financial statements.The change had a material effect on Spooner's financial statements.3. Cypress Manufacturing Company purchased machinery having afive-year life. The cost of the machinery is being expensed over thelife of the machinery.4. Rudeen Corporation purchased equipment for $180,000 at aliquidation sale of a competitor. Because the equipment was worth$230,000, Rudeen valued the equipment in its subsequent balancesheet at $230,000.5. Davis Bicycle Company received a large order for the sale of 1,000bicycles at $100 each. The customer paid Davis the entire amountof $100,000 on March 15. However, Davis did not record anyrevenue until April 17, the date the bicycles were delivered to thecustomer.6. Gigantic Corporation purchased two small calculators at a cost of$32.00. The cost of the calculators was expensed even though theyhad a three-year estimated useful life.7. Esquire Company provides financial statements to external usersevery three years.● LO6 through LO8E 1-13 Basic assumptions, principles, and constraintsFor each of the following situations, state whether you agree ordisagree with the financial reporting practice employed, and brieflyexplain the reason for your answer.1. The controller of the Dumars Corporation increased the carryingvalue of land from its original cost of $2 million to its recentlyappraised value of $3.5 million.2. The president of Vosburgh Industries asked the company controllerto charge miscellaneous expense for the purchase of an automobileto be used solely for personal use.3. At the end of its 2011 fiscal year, Dower, Inc., received an orderfrom a customer for $45,350. The merchandise will ship early in2012. Because the sale was made to a long-time customer, thecontroller recorded the sale in 2011.4. At the beginning of its 2011 fiscal year, Rossi Imports paid$48,000 for a two-year lease on warehouse space. Rossi recordedthe expenditure as an asset to be expensed equally over the two-year period of the lease.5. The Reliable Tire Company included a note in its financialstatements that described a pending lawsuit against the company.6. The Hughes Corporation, a company whose securities are publiclytraded, prepares monthly, quarterly, and annual financial statementfor internal use but disseminates to external users only the annualfinancial statements.● LO6 through LO8E 1-14 Basic assumptions, principles, and constraintsListed below are the basic assumptions, broad accounting principles,and constraints discussed in this chapter.a. Economic entity assumptionb. Going concern assumptionc. Periodicity assumptiond. Monetary unit assumptione. Historical cost principlef. Realization principleg. Matching principleh. Full-disclosure principlei. Cost effectivenessj. Materialityk. Conservatismp. 43Identify by letter the assumption, principle, or constraint that relatesto each statement or phrase below._____1. Revenue is recognized only after certain criteria are satisfied._____ rmation that could affect decision making should bereported._____3. Cause-and-effect relationship between revenues andexpenses._____ 4.The basis for measurement of many assets and liabilities._____5. Relates to the qualitative characteristic of timeliness._____6. All economic events can be identified with a particularentity._____7. The benefits of providing accounting information shouldexceed the cost of doing so._____8.A consequence is that GAAP need not be followed in allsituations._____9. Not a qualitative characteristic, but a practical justificationfor some accounting choices._____10. Assumes the entity will continue indefinitely._____11. Inflation causes a violation of this assumption.E 1-15 Multiple choice; concept statements, basic assumptions, principlesDetermine the response that best completes the following statements or questions.1. The primary objective of financial reporting is to provide informationa. About a firm's management team.b. Useful to capital providers.c. Concerning the changes in financial position resulting from the income-producing effortsof the entity.d. About a firm's financing and investing activities.2. Statements of Financial Accounting Concepts issued by the FASBa. Represent GAAP.b. Have been superseded by SFAS s.c. Are subject to approval of the SEC.d. Identify the conceptual framework within which accounting standards are developed.3. In general, revenue is recognized as earned when the earning process is virtually completeanda. The sales price has been collected.b. A purchase order has been received.c. There is reasonable certainty as to the collectibility of the asset to be received.d. A contract has been signed.4. In depreciating the cost of an asset, accountants are most concerned witha. Conservatism.b. The realization principle.c. Full disclosure.d. The matching principle.5. The primary objective of the matching principle is toa. Provide full disclosure.b. Record expenses in the period that related revenues are recognized.c. Provide timely information to decision makers.d. Promote comparability between financial statements of different periods.6. The separate entity assumption states that, in the absence of contrary evidence, all entitieswill survive indefinitely.a. Trueb. FalseCPA and CMA Exam Questions。
CHAPTER 1-1-核反应堆和核电站概述
压水堆燃料组件
棒束长 : 约3~4m 燃料棒的排列：15×15或17×17
燃料棒的排列 15×15 或 17×17
燃料元件与燃料组件
燃料元件
燃料组件
控制棒组件及控制棒驱动机构
控制棒驱动 机构 控制棒组件
控 制 棒
冷却剂泵（主泵） 冷却剂泵
飞轮
电机
电机轴
泵轴
冷却剂出口
冷却剂入口
蒸汽发生器
汽水分离器 给水入口
第一座核电站
Obninsk（奥布宁斯克）RBMK (27 July 1954, Soviet)
堆 型：石墨水冷反应堆 慢化剂：石墨 冷却剂：轻水 电功率： 5MW 投入运行：1954年 退 役：2002年 地 址：苏联
标志：人类开始了和平利用原子能的历史
美国Nautilus(鹦鹉螺号) SSN-571,1954
舰艇名：鹦鹉螺号 SSN-571 堆 型：压水堆 下 水：1954年 国 家：美国 退 役：1983年 可在水下连续航行30天 1960年USS海神号未出 水面围绕着地球航行了一周
第一艘核潜艇
第一个商用核电厂
First Commercial NPP
电站名：希平港（
Shippinport ）核电站 堆 型：压水反应堆 地 址：美国宾西法尼 亚州匹兹堡希平港 建 造：1954年建造 并 网：1957年并网 热功率：230MW 电功率：60MW 退役：1982年
4 Circulating pump 5 Control rod drive 9 Low pressure turbine 10 Generator Generator 14 Preheater 15 Feedwater pump
跨文化交际Chapter 1部分翻译
跨文化Chapter 1P1~2Chapter 1 前三段判断题范围THE ONLY TIME WHEN TRUE SUFFERING OCCURS ISWHEN TWO CULTURES COLLIDE. —— HERMANN HESSE只有苦难发生，当两种文化碰撞时。
anyone who has done business internationally knows that dreadful feeling brought on by the blank stares,任何人做国际业务的都知道，空洞的眼神所带来的可怕感觉，the forced half-smiles, the murmured comments in a language that seems indecipherable—强迫半微笑，用似乎难以辨认的语言低声评论——when what you say doesn't connect, and when something seems missing.当无法和你说什么事情联系上时，有些事情似乎就错过了，The paranoia is inescapable. You had your checklist of cultural do's and don'ts and followed them religiously.偏执是不可避免的。
你有你的该做什么和不该做什么的文化清单，并且虔诚地遵守着。
You broke no taboos, committed no cultural faux pas, insulted no one—yet you failed to break through. Why?你不打破任何禁忌，不犯任何文化失礼，不侮辱任何人——但你却未能突破文化差异。
为什么呢？Distance and time were once the biggest obstacles to doing business internationally.距离和时间，一度成为做国际业务的最大障碍。
2019.11,公选Chapter 1,Unit 1. 翻译的定义-PPT精选文档
The answer to “what is translation?” depends on
how we interpret the word “translation”, for the
very word “translation” itself is ambiguous, and the Chinese equivalent “翻译” sounds even fuzzier. 翻 译 may either stand for a subject of the curriculum, a job people engage in, a piece of literary work, or
10. 翻译者“像一位雕塑家用雕塑再现 油画作品的形象”（A sculptor who tries to recreate a work of painting）.
11. 翻译家是“珍宝的发现者”（a
discoverer of valuable treasures）或 是“掘金者”（a digger for gold）
(Bell, Translation and Translating: Theory and
Practice: 13)
有关翻译和翻译者的比喻：
1. 世界上全部交际来往中最重要、最高贵的事业之
一。（歌德） 2. 意大利谚语：Traduttore, traditore. 翻译即叛逆。 3. 翻译犹如女人，漂亮便不忠实，忠实便不漂亮。 4. 理想的译者应成为一块玻璃，透明得让读者感觉 不到他的存在。（果戈理） 5. 把翻译看作是”译者摆布文本的一个过程。" （Susan Bassnett）
Questions:
• How Translation Came into Being? • How comes that there are so many languages in the world?
Chapter 1-1 Computer Types
Other uses of supercomputers scientific simulations, (‘animated) graphics, fluid dynamic calculations, nuclear energy research, electronic design, and analysis of geological data (e.g. in petrochemical prospecting). Perhaps the best known supercomputer manufacturer is Cray Research.
超级计算机和大型机之间的主要差别在于一台超级计算机调 动所有能力尽可能快的执行程序，而大型机使用其能力并发执 行更多的程序。在某些方面，大型机比超级计算机功能更加强 大，因为他们支持更多的同步程序。但超级计算机执行一个程 序的速度比大型机快。小型大型机和小型计算机之间的区别是 模糊的，关键在于制造商想要如何推销他的计算机。
超级计算机也有其他用途，如科学模拟、动画制 作、流体动力学计算、核能研究、电子设计及地 理数据分析（例如在石油化工勘察）。也许Cray 研究所是最著名的超级计算机生产商。
Mainframe was a term originally referring to the cabinet containing the central processor unit. After the emergence of smaller "minicomputer" designs in the early 1970s, the traditional big iron machines were described as "mainframe computers" and eventually just as mainframes. Nowadays a mainframe is a very large and expensive computer, capable of supporting hundreds, or even thousands, of users simultaneously.
2020英语高考备战：解读《了不起的盖茨比》-Chapter 1-01
2020英语高考备战：解读《了不起的盖茨比》-Chapter 1-01Chapter 1第1段In my younger and more vulnerable years my father gave me some advice that I've been turning over in my mind ever since.分析：此句为“that”引导的定语从句，从句用来修饰advice。
“give”后可以接双宾语，”advice”为直接宾语，“me”为间接宾语。
“turn over”原本指“翻身、翻转”，这里指“在脑海中反复出现”。
笔记：ever since自那以后vulnerable /ˈvʌlnərəbəl/ adj. （身体上或感情上）脆弱的，易受…伤害的语法：have been doing一直在做某事翻译：我年纪还轻，阅历不深的时候，我父亲教导过我一句话，我至今还念念不忘。
第2段'Whenever you feel like criticizing(批评) any one,' he told me, 'just remember that all the people in this world haven't had the advantages that you've had.'分析：这句话告诉大家一些信息，首先“我”的出身还是不错的，家里条件挺好，有一些别人没有的优势，并且从小“我”的父亲就教导“我”，不要随意地去批评别人，所以这也是“我”性格的一个特征，不愿意随便地去评价别人。
翻译：“每当你想批评别人的时候，”他对我说，“一定要记得并不是世界上每个人都曾拥有你所拥有的优势。
”第3段He didn't say any more but we've always been unusually communicative in a reserved way, and I understood that he meant a great deal more than that.笔记：communicative爱说话的reserved 内向的；寡言少语的；矜持的reserve 把…专门留给；把…留作；保留•I reserve judgment on this issue (= I won't give an opinion on it now) until we have more information.在我们得到更多的资讯之前，我暂不对此事发表意见。
商务英语Chapter1参考译文及答案
Chapter1Learning Aims学完本章，学生应能：1．对当今社会的商务信函的几种形式有所了解；2．了解商务信函基本的布局、格式、组成，以及写作原则；3．学会写信封；4．了解其他常见通信方式，如Skype和MSN。
Background Information在当今世界，商务通信的基本原则是尽可能以最简洁的方式交换信息，以便做好生意。
书面、口头、可视化和多媒体通信的所有目标，是传递明确和深思熟虑的信息。
了解如何在这种目标下撰写商业信函，是最重要的事情之一。
技术的发展，使得商业沟通因为传真、电子邮件和其他通信方法（如Skype和MSN），变得更容易，也迫使业务人员以更快、更清晰的方式进行沟通。
虽然今天电子邮件使用最为频繁，它们使商业书信变得更随意，但仍有需要我们撰写正式商业信函的场合。
这两者其实有许多共同的写作原则。
一旦学会了如何写正式的文书，你可以很容易地了解随意的文书。
譬如，其中一些共同原则是：（1）适当的称呼依旧是两种文书礼仪的不可或缺的一部分。
（2）了解如何撰写包括介绍、支持和结束段落的主体，可有助于有效地说明商业观点。
（3）使用沟通策略——从有说服力的短语到适当的措辞——帮助说服或安抚对方。
Letter 1Letter 3Letter 4ExercisesI. Make an envelope using the following information.II. Change the following information into English address format.1. Lin FangPresident of Beijing Metal234 East Lane, Beijing 100021China2. Room 301, Buliding 5, No.120, Huazhong Road, Shenzhen, Guangdong Prov., China3. No.8 Shihua RD, Suzhou Economic & Technical Development Zone, Jiangsu Province, China4. Room 204, Building No.102, East Taishan Residential Quarter, Baoyin County, Yangzhou City, Jiangsu ProvinceIII. Arrange the following information in proper form as they should be set out in the letter.IV. Write an e-mail with header.HeaderMessageV. Correct the mistakes in the following letter。
美女与野兽1
"Please don't cry.请不要哭泣
We have each other and our good health.我们还有彼此还有健康
Money is not important."钱并不重要
Her sisters started to pull their hair out.她的姐姐们则开始揪起了自己的头发
"Oh,father,"the eldest daughter cried.
"What will we do now?"
"You'll have to work,"he said,very sadly.
The middle daughter was angry and said,
"We can't work.No rich man will want to marry us!"
"That's great news.
I'm so glad to see you happy again."
The two elder sisters jumped up for joy.
"We're rich! We're rich!"they shouted.
The next morning,Beauty's father woke up early.
She was the most beautiful daughter.她是姐妹中最漂亮的
In fact,everything about her was beautiful.事实上她的一切都很美
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六、 视频信号存储
六、 视频信号存储
FLASH MEMORY
五、 视频信号的传输
1、提高传输可靠性。 、提高传输可靠性。 视频信号在传输过程中会引入各种干扰和噪声， 视频信号在传输过程中会引入各种干扰和噪声， 例如，随机噪声、脉冲噪声、周期性噪声、 例如，随机噪声、脉冲噪声、周期性噪声、重影性 噪声等。 噪声等。 如何降低甚至消除这些噪声和干扰的影响， 如何降低甚至消除这些噪声和干扰的影响，是 视频信号传输要解决的首要问题。 视频信号传输要解决的首要问题。 通常的解决办法有：采用纠错编码、 通常的解决办法有：采用纠错编码、自适应均 衡和自适应滤波等。 衡和自适应滤波等。
1.1.2 为什么需要数字视频 7、扩大了应用范围 、
1.1.2 为什么需要数字视频
三、应用范围广 数字视频在广播、通信、计算机、军事、 数字视频在广播、通信、计算机、军事、娱乐等领 域得到了广泛应用，下面简要说明。 域得到了广泛应用，下面简要说明。
1、视频技术在广播电视中的应用 、
DVB-T
二、 视频信号数字化
三、视频信号处理
根据某种特定要求对视频图像信号进行处理， 根据某种特定要求对视频图像信号进行处理，主 要包括： 要包括： 1、消除失真和干扰，使视频信号尽可能逼真地重 、消除失真和干扰， 现景物。例如，图像恢复、滤波。 现景物。例如，图像恢复、滤波。
图像恢复实例（最大熵） 图像恢复实例（最大熵）
1、多次中继不 、 引起噪声积累。 引起噪声积累。
1.1.2 为什么需要数字视频
2、有利于采用 、 压缩编码技术。 压缩编码技术。
1.1.2 为什么需要数字视频
3、可采用纠错编码技术，提高抗干扰能力 、可采用纠错编码技术，
1.1.2 为什么需要数字视频
4、易于实现保密通信。 、易于实现保密通信。
1.1.1 什么是视频 ---image
图像
二值图像
灰度图像
1.1.1 什么是视频 ---image
彩色图像
索引色图像
1.1.1 什么是视频 ---image
16色 色
256色 色
1.1.1 什么是视频 ---image
1.1.1 什么是视频 ---image
像素 ：构成图像的最小单元 像素：
五、 视频信号的传输
3、适应不同的传输信道。 、适应不同的传输信道。 视频信号除可通过卫星广播、 视频信号除可通过卫星广播、地面广播传输 还可通过有线电视、光纤、 还可通过有线电视、光纤、微波和各种网络以及各 种用户线进行传输。 种用户线进行传输。 各种传输信道其特性不尽相同， 各种传输信道其特性不尽相同，视频信号传输时 必须适应各种传输信道的不同特性。 必须适应各种传输信道的不同特性。
六、 视频信号存储
DVD
系列的发展中， 在CD系列的发展中，产品的改良都局限于光盘片材质与数 系列的发展中 据格式的加强，因此储存容量始终无法突破。 据格式的加强，因此储存容量始终无法突破。 DVD则从使用较短波长的激光束着手，并提高光盘片数据 则从使用较短波长的激光束着手， 则从使用较短波长的激光束着手 的密度，推出第一代的DVD储存容量即高达 储存容量即高达4.7GB，是CD 的密度，推出第一代的 储存容量即高达 ， 产品容量的7倍 而如果采取双面双层的记录方式， 产品容量的 倍，而如果采取双面双层的记录方式，容量更 可高达17GB。 可高达 。
1、视频技术在广播电视中的应用 、
DVB-S
1、视频技术在广播电视中的应用 、
1、视频技术在广播电视中的应用 、
1、视频技术在广播电视中的应用 、
2、视频技术在通信领域中的应用 、
可视电话
2、视频技术在通信领域中的应用 、 多媒体通信
2、视频技术在通信领域中的应用 、 视频点播VOD 视频点播
（二）、度值离散化 ）、度值离散化——量化 度值离散化 量化 用有限个离散值代替连续值。 用有限个离散值代替连续值。
二、 视频信号数字化
（三）、数字化 ）、数字化——量化值的数字编码 数字化 量化值的数字编码 使用二进制数对量化值进行编码。 使用二进制数对量化值进行编码。 视频信号数字化主要研究和解决数字化参数的 合理选择及实现问题。 合理选择及实现问题。
1.1.2 为什么需要数字视频 5、易于计算机技术相结合（处理、网络、交互），实 、易于计算机技术相结合（处理、网络、交互），实 ）， 现综合图像、语音、数据等多种信息的综合业务。 现综合图像、语音、数据等多种信息的综合业务。
话音 数据 视频 packet
1.1.2 为什么需要数字视频 6、可采用超大规模电路（VLSI）实现各种处理。 、可采用超大规模电路（ ）实现各种处理。 这样可降低功耗，减小体积和重量，提高可靠性， 这样可降低功耗，减小体积和重量，提高可靠性， 降低成本，便于维护。 降低成本，便于维护。
3、 视频技术在娱乐领域中的应用 、
高清电视
3、 视频技术在娱乐领域中的应用 、
高清摄像机
3、 视频技术在娱乐领域中的应用 、
3、 视频技术在娱乐领域中的应用 、
3、 视频技术在娱乐领域中的应用 、
VCD和DVD 和
3、 视频技术在娱乐领域中的应用 、 VCD和DVD 和
4、 视频技术在计算机领域中的应用 、
1.1.1 什么是视频 ---Frame
pal: 25帧/秒 帧秒 ntsc:30帧/秒 帧秒
1.1.2 为什么需要数字视频
一、视频信息的特点 1、在人类接受的信息中约有70%来自视频信息。 、在人类接受的信息中约有 来自视频信息。 来自视频信息 2、视频信息具有一系列的优点：确切、直观、具 、视频信息具有一系列的优点：确切、直观、 体生动、真实和效率高、应用广等。 体生动、真实和效率高、应用广等。 3、视频信息信息量大。通过视觉获得的视频信息 、视频信息信息量大。 往往比听觉所获得的音频信息具有更大的信息量。 往往比听觉所获得的音频信息具有更大的信息量。
三、视频信号处理
2、根据某些准则，突出视频图像中某些信息。例如， 、根据某些准则，突出视频图像中某些信息。例如， 图像增强、 图像增强、直方图技术 。
三、视频信号处理
3、特征提取，以使对其进行描述、分类、识别等。 、特征提取，以使对其进行描述、分类、识别等。
三、视频信号处理
4、视频压缩，在保证图像一定质量要求的前提下尽 、视频压缩， 可能减少图像的数据量。 可能减少图像的数据量。
1.1.2 为什么需要数字视频
1.1.2 为什么需要数字视频
二、数字视频的优点 视频信号分为模拟视频信号和数字视频信号 数字信号的处理、传输和存储于模拟信号的处理、 数字信号的处理、传输和存储于模拟信号的处理、 传输和存储相比，具有许多优点。 传输和存储相比，具有许多优点。
1.1.2 为什么需要数字视频
数字视频技术
华中科技大学电信系 邓天平 E-mail：dtphust@
第一章 数字视频基础
1.1.1 什么是视频 自然景物（物体）在人眼视觉器官（ 自然景物（物体）在人眼视觉器官（人类视觉 系统）中感知（重现）的信息称为视觉信息， 系统）中感知（重现）的信息称为视觉信息，常以 图像形式来表示，故也称为图像信息，如照片、 图像形式来表示，故也称为图像信息，如照片、电 电视、图画等。 影、电视、图画等。
六、 视频信号存储
Video CD
白皮书定义了CD-I的应用规格，CD-I Bridge，即所谓的 的应用规格， 白皮书定义了 的应用规格 ， Video CD， ， Philips、Sony、JVC、Matsushita共同开发 、 、 、 共同开发 Video CD储存的是以 储存的是以MPEG-1规格压缩之全屏幕全动态影像， 规格压缩之全屏幕全动态影像， 储存的是以 规格压缩之全屏幕全动态影像 整张Video CD可存放 分钟的影音资料。 可存放74分钟的影音资料 整张 可存放 分钟的影音资料。
1.1.1 什么是视频 ---Frame
视频通常指活动图像。 视频通常指活动图像。 通常指活动图像 又称序列图像， 又称序列图像，由一幅幅按时间顺序构成的静止图像 组成，每幅图像称为一帧。 组成，每幅图像称为一帧。 是构成视频信息的最小和最基本单元。 帧是构成视频信息的最小和最基本单元。 由于视觉惰性，每秒钟24帧连续的内容不同的静止 由于视觉惰性，每秒钟 帧连续的内容不同的静止 图像形成活动视频感觉。 图像形成活动视频感觉。
四、视频信号压缩
为实现数字视频信号的有效传输、存储， 为实现数字视频信号的有效传输、存储，解决数字视 频数据量大的问题，必须对数字视频信号进行压缩。 频数据量大的问题，必须对数字视频信号进行压缩。 1、视频压缩编码理论，方法研究。 、视频压缩编码理论，方法研究。 2、视频信号和人类视觉特性研究。 、视频信号和人类视觉特性研究。 3、视频压缩编码标准。 、视频压缩编码标准。 4、视频压缩专用芯片的开发。 、视频压缩专用芯片的开发。
二、 视频信号数字化 (一）、空间位置离散化 一）、空间位置离散化——抽样 空间位置离散化 抽样 视频信号的扫描和抽样。 视频信号的扫描和抽样。 扫描：垂直方向离散化，抽样水平方向离散化。 扫描：垂直方向离散化，抽样水平方向离散化。
二、 视频信号数字化
像素 ：构成图像的最小单元 像素：
二、 视频信号数字化
多 媒 体 计 算 机
4、 视频技术在计算机领域中的应用 、
动画制作
4、 视频技术在计算机领域中的应用 、
4、 视频技术在计算机领域中的应用 、
三维图形图像
5、 视频技术在其他领域中应用 、 天气预报
5、 视频技术在其他领域中的应用 、 卫星遥感
5、 视频技术在其他领域中的应用 、 军事
5、 视频技术在其他领域中的应用 、 电子图书馆
1.1.3视频技术涉及的内容 视频技术涉及的内容 E→O