Book2 Unit1Learning about language

Learning about language 课前预习姓名________ 班级_________ 学号_________Step I. Revision1. Useful words:1.A c_____ relic is often something old that reminds us of the past.2.Both parents were killed by the earthquake, but the children s_______.3.That dictionary b______ to the library is of great use for the English beginners.4.The Great Wall of China is publicly recognized as one of the w_______ of theworld.5. W_____ bridges are not stronger than stone ones.2. 定语从句：用来修饰_______或_______的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句的引导词有__________和__________两种，定语从句有_________和_________两种。

关系代词包括：__________________________________________关系副词包括：__________________________________________指人指物在从句中充当的句子成分关系代词who whom that which whose关系副词先行词在从句中充当的句子成分whenwherewhy3. Fill in the blanks with proper relative pronouns关系代词or adverbs副词.1. Look at the girl ________ is singing so beautifully.2. Do you know the woman to ______ our teacher is talking?3. Jim is the boy ______ hat is red.4. He gave me a pen ___________ he bought last week.5. Mary has read all the books _________ I lent her.6. Is it the reason _____ you were late?7. October 1st is the date _____ China celebrates its National Day.8. We walked in a garden _____ many trees and flowers had been planted.9. This is the island _____ I lived for two years.10. 2001-2005 are the years _____ I studied in the university.Learning about language 课内探究一、限定与非限定性定语从句1、定义限制性定语从句是先行词在意义上不可缺少的定语，如果去掉，主句的意思就不完整或失去意义。

这种从句和主句关系十分密切，写时不用逗号分开。

非限制性定语从句和主句关系不很密切，只是对先行词作些附加说明，如果去掉，主句的意思仍然清楚。

这种从句，写时往往逗号分开。

2、C omparing（对比）限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句表意/主句关系与主句语意关系松散，定语从句可以删除修饰对象修饰先行词或整个句子形式有逗号与主句分开使用时不能用that引导,关系词不可省略。

1). I have a sister who works in a hospital.我有一位在医院工作的姐姐。

（不只一位姐姐）2). I have a sister , who works in a hospital.我有一位姐姐，她在医院工作。

（只有一位姐姐）3). All the magazines here which have beautiful pictures in them were written by him.里面有漂亮图画的那些杂志是他写的。

（杂志有带图画和不带图画两类）4). All the magazines here , which have beautiful pictures in them, were written by him.所有的杂志都是他写的，里面都有漂亮的图画。

（杂志只有一种）3、分析reading中的出现的定语从句1)This gift was the Amber Room, which was given this name because several tons of amber were used to make it. (限定/非限定）2)The amber which was selected had a beautiful yellow-brown colour like honey. (限定/非限定）3) It was also a treasure decorated with gold and jewels, which took the country’s best artists abut ten years to make. (限定/非限定）4)Frederick William l, to whom the amber room belonged, decided not to keep it. (限定/非限定）5）Later, Catherine II had the Amber Room moved to a palace outside St Petersburg where she spent her summers. (限定/非限定）6）This was a time when the two countries were at war. (限定/非限定）4、which和as引导的非限制性定语从句相同点：which和as都可用来引导非限制性定语从句，指代整个主句的内容。

不同点：1). as 可以指代整个主句的内容, as可以放在句首、句末, 也可以插入主句中, 而which 指前面提到的事实或情况, 一般放在主句之后如：As is known to everyone, the moon travels round the earth.Heat is a form of energy, as is known to all of us．Alice received an invitation from her boss, which came as a surprise.2). as 含有正如、按照、正像之意, as 一般用在肯定句中, 而which 则可以用于含否定意义的句子中，如：He failed in the exam again, as was expected.He failed in the exam again, which was unexpected．3).下列固定结构, 一般不能用which, 如：as has been said before 如前所述as often happens 正像经常发生的那样as is well known 众所周知as we know 正如我们知道的那样as we all can see 正如我们大家看到的那样Learning about language 课后拓展一．练习: 单选1. Alice received an invitation from her boss, ___was a surprise.A. itB. thatC. whichD. he2. The weather turned out to be very good, ___was more than we could expect.A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it3. ____ is known to all, Diaoyu Island belongs to China.A. thatB. whichC. asD. it4. She is a good teacher , _____ much can be learned.A. whoB. thatC. from whichD. from whom5. Pisa is a city , _____ has a leaning(倾斜的) tower.A. whichB. thatC. whereD. there6. Do you know the reason ____ he was late?A. thatB. whichC. for whatD. why7. I have bought two ball pens , ____ writes well.A. none of whichB. neither of whichC. none of themD. neither of them8. His glasses, _______ he could see nothing, was taken away by a naughty boy.A. whichB. without whichC. with whichD. without those9.. The computer, _______ he paid ￥3,000, was once owned by his uncle.A. whichB. for whichC. thatD. to that10. Chalie Chaplin, _______ childhood（童年）was hard, began acting at the age of five. A. whom B. which C. that D. whose11. They will fly to Washington, ____ they plan to stay for two or three days.A. whereB. thereC. whichD. When12.That’s the new machine ____ parts are too small to be seen.A．that B．which C．whose D．what13. Julie was good at German, French and Russian, all of ________ she spoke fluently. A．who B．whom C．which D．that14. The prize will go to the writer，________ story shows the most imagination.A．that B．which C．whose D．What15. I am reading a book ________ I borrowed from the library.A. itB. asC. whichD. who二、Fill in the blanks with proper relative words.1.The famous basketball star, _____is an American,came to China yesterday.2.In those days,she used to go to Mr black,with _____she had a wonderful time.3.I bought a car yesterday,_____ cost me a lot.4.Xi’an, ______I visited last year, is a nice old city.5.He will come to see me next July, ___ he won’t be so busy.6.The school,_______I once studied,was built thirty years ago.7.John said he’d been working in the office for an hour,_______ was true.。