2018年杭州余杭区中 考一模卷(扫描)
2018年浙江省杭州市中考英语一模试卷
2018年浙江省杭州市中考英语一模试卷听下面5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话仅读一遍．1．How much should the man pay？A．3 dollars．B．8 dollars．C．24 dollars．2．What's the weather like today？A．It's sunny．B．It's rainy．C．It's windy．3．Which sign will the man see？A．NO PARKING!B．NO SMOKING!C．NO PHOTOS．4．Where is the man？A．On the street．B．At a restaurant．C．In a hospital．5．How will the boy go to school today？A．He will take the school bus．B．He will go in his mother's car．C．He will go by bike．听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5 秒钟的作答时间．每段对话或独白读两遍．听对话，回答下列各小题．现在，你有15 秒钟的时间阅读这个小题．6．（1）How many hours does the woman probably spend on the Internet a week？A．About 2 or 3 hoursB．About 3 or 4 hoursC．About 3 or 5 hours（2）What does the woman like to do ？A．To surf the InternetB．To read e﹣mailC．To write letters in ink（3）What do we know about the woman？A．She's too busy to send any e﹣mailB．She gets some information on the Internet．C．She is looking through books in the library听对话，回答下列小题．现在，你有15 秒钟的时间阅读这个小题．7．（1）Why does the man come there？A．To talk with Mr．Brown．B．To attend an interview．C．To look at a new product．（2）How long has the meeting lasted？A．For an hour．B．For half an hour．C．For one and a half hours．（3）What does the woman most probably do？A．A waitress．B．A secretary．C．A manager．听独白，回答下列各小题．现在，你有20 秒钟的时间阅读这个小题．8．（1）Who is the speaker？A．A teacher of the school．B．A member of the club．C．The founder of the club．（2）Why does Henry tell Lisa about the club？A．Because she cares about the environment．B．Because she is interested in school clubs．C．Because she once asked him about clubs．（3）What does the website that the club has provide？A．The information of the members．B．What things the members should do．C．Information about environmental problems and protection．（4）Which of the following is not true？A．The club started in 2008．B．The club is called Green Activity．C．There are only ten members in the club．第二部分阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中选出最佳选项．9．What should we do if one of our classmates suddenly falls ill or gets hurt？Here are some steps you should follow．But always remember to look for medical care after first aid if the wound is serious．Broken bones：Take away clothing from the wound．Use an ice pack．Don't move the hurt body part while waiting for the doctor to arrive．Animal bites：Wash the bite area with soap and water．Pack the wound with a clean cloth if it is bleeding．If the bleeding has stopped，cover the area with a bandage and take the person to the hospital．Make sure you remember what kind of animal it is，so the doctor can find the right way to treat him or her at once．Fainting ：Have him or her lie with feet lifted a little．Don't move the body if you think there might be wounds from the fall．Make sure he or she can breathe and let in fresh air．Clean the person's face with a cool cloth．Nosebleeds：Have the person sit up with his or her head tilted（倾斜）forward a little．Do nothave the person tilt his or her head back because this may cause heavy breathing or coughing．Pinch（捏）the lower part of the nose for at least 10 minutes．（1）What should we do first when an animal bite happens？A．Put an ice pack on the wound．B．Wash the bite area with soap and water．C．Try to stop the bleeding with a clean cloth．D．Take the hurt person to the hospital．（2）Which of the following is NOT right when a boy's nose bleeds？A．Let his head not tilt back．B．Let his head tilt forward a little．C．Let him sit up．D．Pinch his nose for less than l0minutes．（3）What does the underlined word "fainting" most probably mean in Chinese？A．触电B．昏厥C．中毒D．溺水（4）What's the main idea of the passage？A．First aid for some accidental wounds．B．Steps of looking for medical care．C．Advice on ways not to get hurt．D．Ways to ask for help in getting hurt．10．The first time I ever really noticed a disabled person，I was studying in the third grade．I saw some disabled people before，but I never really knew or cared about what those persons go through．When a new student arrived in my third grade class，I thought it would just be a common student，but this student was different．His name was Derek and he had autism（孤独症）．He sometimes had random outbursts（随意发作）during class and we would stand there，doing nothing because we didn't know why he was doing that．When he sat down at desk，we would try to get away from him．After class，we would play jokes on each other，imitating Derek，and laughing about it．Then one day，Derek's mom came to our class and talked with us．She told us that Derek wasn't just having random outbursts﹣﹣he was trying to communicate．Then she chose avolunteer and filled that person's mouth with soft sweets．When we found the volunteer had great trouble in trying to speak，the mother explained that was what Derek was going through every day．We all understood her meaning．After this talk，no one tried to make fun of Derek or run away from him．We accepted his outbursts in class and he became one of our friends．Having a class with Derek has taught me to have an open mind to those who are different from us．My experience in having an autistic classmate has provided me with a good lesson．Now whenever I meet a family with a child who's behaving differently，I always remember what I have learned in my third grade class and go up to him or her．（1）What did the author think of the boy before the mother's talk？A．Friendly．B．Humorous．C．Generous．D．Strange．（2）Which order is RIGHT according to the passage？a．Derek arrived in my class．b．We got on well with Derek．c．Derek's mom talked to us．d．We got away from him．A．c﹣a﹣d﹣bB．c﹣a﹣b﹣dC．a﹣c﹣b﹣dD．a﹣d﹣c﹣b（3）According to Derek's mother，Derek．A．didn't like the way others treated himB．was too shy to be with othersC．had problems in expressing himselfD．was good at communicating with others（4）After Derek's mom's talk，we did the following EXCEPT that．A．we became friendsB．we played togetherC．we played jokes on himD．we communicated with him（5）Which is the best title for the passage？A．Living with an open mind．B．Believing in yourself．C．Behaving in different ways．D．Making friends with the disabled．11．Every living thing on Earth is either a plant or an animal，right？Wrong!Many organisms（有机体）in our world are neither．Some of them float through the air，and some lie hidden in the ground．They do not need sunlight to survive，and if the weather becomes too cold，they can become inactive until conditions improve．What are these？They are called fungi（菌类），and you see them almost every day．Many kinds of fungi seem disgusting，such as the green black things that appear on the food which are left too long in the refrigerator．But other kinds are not so bad．For example，the yeast that is used to make bread and mushrooms （蘑菇）are both fungi．What makes fungi different from plants and animals？An animal can move around by itself．Fungi get around too，but they don't have feet，wings，or tails．They have to wait for wind or some other outside force to move them．Plants are different from fungi because they have chlorophyll（叶绿素）．It helps them make food from the energy in sunlight．Fungi do not have chlorophyll．Some fungi are bad，while others are not．Some fungi cause diseases，such as athlete's foot，which makes feet uncomfortable．Other kinds of fungi can be used to make medicines，which have saved many lives．Fungi clean up more than wounds，though．They are the world's first recyclers．Without fungi，our world would be a mess．Since fungi cannot make their own food as plants do，they must get their food elsewhere．Many fungi get their food from dead plants．They break them down and turn them into soil．The fungi get a meal，and the world gets a housecleaning．（1）What does the underlined word"disgusting"most probably mean？A．strongB．unpleasantC．activeD．small（2）According to the passage，．A．fungi can move everywhere by themselvesB．fungi are unable to survive in cold conditionsC．some fungi can make food from the energy in sunlight．D．some fungi are useful to humans and the environment（3）Where can you most probably find this passage？A．In a social report．B．In a biology book．C．In geography magazine．D．In a farming book．12．When did you last see a polar bear？On a trip to a zoo，perhaps？If you had attended a winter activity in New York a few years ago，you would have seen a whole polar bear club．These "Polar Bears" are people who meet frequently in the winter to swim in freezing cold water．That day，the air temperature was 3℃，and the water temperature was a little higher．The members of the Polar Bear Club at Coney Island，New York are usually about the age of 60．Members must satisfy two requirements．First，they must get along well with everyone else in the group．This is very important because there are so many different kinds of people in the club．Polar Bears must also agree to swim outdoors at least twice a month from November through February．Doctors do not agree about the medical effects of cold﹣winter swimming．Some are worried about the dangers of a condition in which the body's temperature drops so low that finally the heart stops．Other doctors，however，point out that there is more danger of a heart attack during summer swimming because the difference between the air temperature and water temperature is much greater in summer than in winter．The Polar Bears themselves are satisfied with the benefits （or advantages）of cold﹣water swimming．They say that their favorite form of exercise is very good for the circulatory system（循环系统）because it forces the blood to move fast to keep the body warm．Cold ﹣water swimmers usually turn bright red after a few minutes in the water．A person who turns blue probably has a very poor circulatory system and should not try cold﹣water swimming．The main benefits （or advantages）of cold﹣water swimming are probably mental．The Polar Bears love to swim all year round．They find it fun and relaxing．As one 70﹣year﹣old woman says．"When I go into water，I pour my troubles into the ocean and let them float away．"（1）The members of the Polar Bear Club must meet the following requirements EXCEPT that．A．they must reach the age of 60B．they should be easy to make friends withC．they must swim outdoors at least 8 times in the four cold monthsD．they must agree to swim outdoors from November through February（2）According to the passage，some doctors believe it is true that．A．you are healthy if cold﹣water swimming turns your skin color blueB．cold﹣water swimming causes more heart attacks in summer than in winterC．cold﹣water swimming can make the body temperature dangerously highD．Polar Bears are bears swimming in freezing water（3）The Polar Bears like to swim all the year round，for．A．they can remain youngB．it is an easy way to keep the body warm in winterC．they find it enjoyable and interestingD．they might meet fewer troubles in life根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项．选项中有一项为多余选项．13．You can't choose your child's friends for him，but you can help him learn to choose friends wisely．（1）Here are a few ways to help your child make friends．●Build your child's self﹣confidence．When he succeeds or has made a great choice，tell him you're proud of him．（2）Your child is going through many changes and may feel like he isn't "good enough"．Building hisself﹣confidence will help him feel more confident and will make it easier for him to form healthy friendships．（3）Give him your full attention when he talks，and really listen to what he has to say．●Discuss the Qualities in a friend with your child．Discuss with your child the qualities that matter most，such as being reliable and kind，and making good choices when it comes to avoiding alcohol and tobacco．●Get to know your child's friends．（4）It's more important to talk with them and find out what they like to do．Allow your child to invite his friends over and get to know the better．（5）After school clubs and sports programs are good places for meeting new people．Be open to exploring different activities with your child to find something that he enjoys．A．Friends are very important for us．B．Introduce your child to new groups of people．C．Talk with your child every day and listen to his concerns．D．Try not to judge your child's friends based on how they dress．E．When he does not succeed，help him feel better and keep trying．F．You can teach him ways to find friends who will have a positive influence on him．第三部分英语知识运用完形填空通读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后在各题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中选出一个最佳选项．14．I remember my hardest homework was in science．I had to make a small（1）of a cell （细胞）．Science is one of my favorite subjects，but I am not that good at （2）things．（3），I used clay（陶土）．I made the clay into a ball，and cut off the top．This was to be the "cell （4）"．The problems began quickly．The "cell" broke into pieces every time I put my hand on it，and turned to mud every time it got（5）．It wasn't working．So，I used cement（水泥）to make a new cell wall．This one was strong，but it （6）had problems．First，it was the size of a basketball and was very heavy．It would be hard to （7）．Second，I couldn't（8）the other parts of the cell on to the cell wall ﹣the cement was too hard．Third，I wanted to use the tape to give（9）to the parts，but it would not stick to the cement．There was （10）I could do about the first problem．（11）the second problem，I put a wire（金属丝）around the cell wall and I used glue to stick parts on to it．Instead of tape，I used paint to name the （12）．There was one more （13）．The cell had to be full of clear water，like a real cell．I filled it with water and brought it to school，but soon the table was wet．I checked，and the cell had a（14）in it．That day，I got a B+ for my （15）．Although my cell didn't look good，my teacher could tell how hard I'd worked．Today，as a teacher myself，I keep the model in my classroom as a reminder that hard work should be rewarded（奖励）．（1）A．picture B．example C．model D．part（2）A．making B．shaping C．inventing D．dealing（3）A．At once B．At first C．At last D．At least（4）A．door B．floor C．wall D．material（5）A．wet B．clear C．hard D．strong（6）A．instead B．already C．also D．only（7）A．play B．fill C．take D．carry（8）A．move B．fix C．draw D．see（9）A．answers B．cover C．names D．choices（10）A．something B．nothing C．anything D．everything （11）A．For B．As C．In D．To（12）A．cell B．parts C．wire D．model（13）A．problem B．mistake C．feeling D．change（14）A．card B．hole C．hit D．rock（15）A．homework B．show C．exam D．report语法填空阅读下面材料，在空白处填入一个适当的内容（1 个或 2 个单词），或括号内单词的正确形式．将答案填在答题纸的相应位置．15．While I was waiting for a bus at a bus stop，I saw a young man walk into the pay telephone nearby．After a while，he came out and looked very worried．When he saw me（1）（stand）there，he walked up to me in （2）hurry "Good morning，sir，" he said．"Do you know when Abraham Lincoln was born？" I felt a little （3）（surprise）at his words．"Something must be wrong with the poor young man，" I thought and didn't answer him．"Could you please tell me in（4）year Abraham Lincoln was born？" he repeated politely．Now I understood that he was not（5）（joke），so I smiled and told him that Abraham Lincoln was born in 1809．"Oh，yes! That is it!Thank you，" he said．Then he turned around and（6）（rush）into the pay telephone again．A few minutes later，he came out （7） a smile．He thanked me again and explained that he wanted to call his friend，（8）he forgot the telephone number．"You helped （9）（I）to remember it，" he said．"You see，his telephone number is 180909．It can be（10）（easy）remembered if you know when Abraham Lincoln was born．"第四部分写作第一节单词拼写根据下列句子及所给首字母，写出各单词的完全形式（每空限填一词）．16．The desk feels hard．It's made of m．17．Never fail to be t to the people around you．18．He has no c to face anything difficult．19．He c his birthday with his family every year．20．I looked t my drawer，but I could not find my keys．21．Prices are r fast nowadays．85 dollars can't go a long way．22．﹣Which country has the l population，China，India or USA？﹣China．23．It's twelve m walk from my school to that restaurant．24．They were s married last week without telling anybody．25．The cleaner cleans the street and e the dustbins along the street every day．书面表达26．假如你是Li lei，请你结合自己对三年初中生活与学习的感悟，用英语给即将入学的七年级新生提些建议．要求：1．语句通顺，时态正确，符合逻辑．2．字数70 个左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）．内容要点如下：1．初中学习任务更多，合理安排时间很重要；2．积极参加体育运动，保持健康；3．参加社团活动，使学校生活丰富；4．多交好友，互帮互学；5．（补充一两点个人想法）Welcome to our school!We will graduate from my school．Therefore I'd like to share something with you．．I hope you will have a wonderful school life．2018年浙江省杭州市中考英语一模试卷参考答案与试题解析听下面5 段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10 秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题．每段对话仅读一遍．1．How much should the man pay？A．3 dollars．B．8 dollars．C．24 dollars．【分析】略【解答】【答案】C【解析】【原文】M：How much are these postcards？W：3 dollars each．M：I'd like eight of them，please．【点评】略2．What's the weather like today？A．It's sunny．B．It's rainy．C．It's windy．【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略3．Which sign will the man see？A．NO PARKING!B．NO SMOKING!C．NO PHOTOS．【分析】略【解答】【答案】C【解析】【原文】M：Oh，wow! Mona Lisa! It's such a famous painting．I must take a photo of it．W：Sorry，sir．I'm afraid you can't do that．Look at the sign on the wall．【点评】略4．Where is the man？A．On the street．B．At a restaurant．C．In a hospital．【分析】略【解答】【答案】C【解析】【原文】W：Here's the medicine for you．Take two tablets each time and three times daily．Drink more water and take a good rest．You will soon be OK．【点评】略5．How will the boy go to school today？A．He will take the school bus．B．He will go in his mother's car．C．He will go by bike．【分析】略【解答】【答案】B【解析】【原文】W：Hurry up，Jack! You are running out of time．The school bus is arriving in three minutes．M：Oh，no! I haven't even brushed my teeth yet．Mom．Could you please give me a lift today？W：All right．It seems I have to．【点评】略听下面三段对话或独白，每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C 三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置．听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5 秒钟；听完后，各小题给出5 秒钟的作答时间．每段对话或独白读两遍．听对话，回答下列各小题．现在，你有15 秒钟的时间阅读这个小题．6．（1）How many hours does the woman probably spend on the Internet a week？A．About 2 or 3 hoursB．About 3 or 4 hoursC．About 3 or 5 hours（2）What does the woman like to do ？A．To surf the InternetB．To read e﹣mailC．To write letters in ink（3）What do we know about the woman？A．She's too busy to send any e﹣mailB．She gets some information on the Internet．C．She is looking through books in the library【分析】略【解答】略【点评】略听对话，回答下列小题．现在，你有15 秒钟的时间阅读这个小题．7．（1）Why does the man come there？A．To talk with Mr．Brown．B．To attend an interview．C．To look at a new product．（2）How long has the meeting lasted？A．For an hour．B．For half an hour．C．For one and a half hours．（3）What does the woman most probably do？A．A waitress．B．A secretary．C．A manager．【分析】略【解答】【答案】（1）A （2）A （3）B【解析】【原文】W：Good morning，this is Mr．Brown's office．May I help you？M：Yes．Mr．Brown will meet me at 4：30 this afternoon．We'll talk my company's new products．．W：I'm sorry，but he is at a meeting now．He was asked to go to the meeting at 3：30 p．m．unexpectedly and left in a hurry．He didn't tell you about the meeting，right？M：Right．How long do you think the meeting will last？W：Well，it's 4：30 p．m．Now．I don't think the meeting will go on for much longer．Could you wait here for a while？M：OK．W：Would you like something to drink，Mr．Brown？M：Just a glass of cold water，please．It's kind of hot today．W：OK．Just a moment，please．【点评】略听独白，回答下列各小题．现在，你有20 秒钟的时间阅读这个小题．8．（1）Who is the speaker？A．A teacher of the school．B．A member of the club．C．The founder of the club．（2）Why does Henry tell Lisa about the club？A．Because she cares about the environment．B．Because she is interested in school clubs．C．Because she once asked him about clubs．（3）What does the website that the club has provide？A．The information of the members．B．What things the members should do．C．Information about environmental problems and protection．（4）Which of the following is not true？A．The club started in 2008．B．The club is called Green Activity．C．There are only ten members in the club．【分析】略【解答】【答案】（1）B （2）A （3）C （4）C【解析】【原文】Hi，Lisa．This is Henry speaking．Since you care about environment，you may be interested in the school club I am in．Now I'll tell you something about it．The club is called Green Activity．It was started in 2008．It is very popular in our school．At the beginning，there were only ten members．Now there are over two hundred members．First，the club has a website．It provides the latest information about environmental problems and protection．Members should find such reports on the Internet and post them on the club's website．Second the club gives lectures on environment twice each term．Members should help organize them．Third ，members will take part in a cleaning activity once a year，starting with the most polluted places．Members usually meet on the last Friday of each month．【点评】略第二部分阅读理解阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项（A、B、C 和D）中选出最佳选项．9．What should we do if one of our classmates suddenly falls ill or gets hurt？Here are some steps you should follow．But always remember to look for medical care after first aid if the wound is serious．Broken bones：Take away clothing from the wound．Use an ice pack．Don't move the hurt body part while waiting for the doctor to arrive．Animal bites：Wash the bite area with soap and water．Pack the wound with a clean cloth if it is bleeding．If the bleeding has stopped，cover the area with a bandage and take the person to the hospital．Make sure you remember what kind of animal it is，so the doctor can find the right way to treat him or her at once．Fainting ：Have him or her lie with feet lifted a little．Don't move the body if you think there might be wounds from the fall．Make sure he or she can breathe and let in fresh air．Clean the person's face with a cool cloth．Nosebleeds：Have the person sit up with his or her head tilted（倾斜）forward a little．Do nothave the person tilt his or her head back because this may cause heavy breathing or coughing．Pinch（捏）the lower part of the nose for at least 10 minutes．（1）What should we do first when an animal bite happens？BA．Put an ice pack on the wound．B．Wash the bite area with soap and water．C．Try to stop the bleeding with a clean cloth．D．Take the hurt person to the hospital．（2）Which of the following is NOT right when a boy's nose bleeds？DA．Let his head not tilt back．B．Let his head tilt forward a little．C．Let him sit up．D．Pinch his nose for less than l0minutes．（3）What does the underlined word "fainting" most probably mean in Chinese？BA．触电B．昏厥C．中毒D．溺水（4）What's the main idea of the passage？AA．First aid for some accidental wounds．B．Steps of looking for medical care．C．Advice on ways not to get hurt．D．Ways to ask for help in getting hurt．【分析】当我们的同班同学突然生病或者受伤我们应该怎么办？短文为我们介绍了一些意外伤害的急救办法．【解答】（1）B．细节理解题．根据第三段"Wash the bite area with soap and water．"可知被动物咬伤后先要用肥皂水清洗伤口，故选B．（2）D．细节理解题．根据"Do not have the person tilt his or her head back"可知不要让他的头往后仰，故A正确；根据"Have the person sit up with his or her head tilted（倾斜）forwarda little．"可知让他做起来，头稍微前倾，故B、C项正确；根据"Pinch（捏）the lower partof the nose for at least 10 minutes．"可知要捏住鼻子下部至少十分钟而不是少于十分钟，故D不正确，结合题干，故选D．（3）B．词义猜测题．根据第四段"Make sure he or she can breathe and let in fresh air．Clean the person's face with a cool cloth．"确保其呼吸新鲜空气，用凉布擦脸，可以推测该词意为"昏厥"，故选B．（4）A．主题归纳题．根据首段What should we do if one of our classmates suddenly falls ill or gets hurt？Here are some steps you should follow．如果我们的一个同学突然生病或者受伤了，我们该怎么办？这里有一些步骤你应该遵循．结合文章主要介绍了骨折、昏厥、动物咬伤等意外伤害的急救方法，故选A．【点评】阅读题型，要注重句子与句子之间、段落与段落之间逻辑关系以及对篇章的整体理解．根据所给问题选择正确选项完成试题．10．The first time I ever really noticed a disabled person，I was studying in the third grade．I saw some disabled people before，but I never really knew or cared about what those persons go through．When a new student arrived in my third grade class，I thought it would just be a common student，but this student was different．His name was Derek and he had autism（孤独症）．He sometimes had random outbursts（随意发作）during class and we would stand there，doing nothing because we didn't know why he was doing that．When he sat down at desk，we would try to get away from him．After class，we would play jokes on each other，imitating Derek，and laughing about it．Then one day，Derek's mom came to our class and talked with us．She told us that Derek wasn't just having random outbursts﹣﹣he was trying to communicate．Then she chose a volunteer and filled that person's mouth with soft sweets．When we found the volunteer had great trouble in trying to speak，the mother explained that was what Derek was going through every day．We all understood her meaning．After this talk，no one tried to make fun of Derek or run away from him．We accepted his outbursts in class and he became one of our friends．Having a class with Derek has taught me to have an open mind to those who are different from us．My experience in having an autistic classmate has provided me with a good lesson．Now whenever I meet a family with a child who's behaving differently，I always remember what I have learned in my third grade class and go up to him or her．（1）What did the author think of the boy before the mother's talk？DA．Friendly．B．Humorous．C．Generous．D．Strange．（2）Which order is RIGHT according to the passage？Da．Derek arrived in my class．b．We got on well with Derek．c．Derek's mom talked to us．d．We got away from him．A．c﹣a﹣d﹣bB．c﹣a﹣b﹣dC．a﹣c﹣b﹣dD．a﹣d﹣c﹣b（3）According to Derek's mother，Derek C．A．didn't like the way others treated himB．was too shy to be with othersC．had problems in expressing himselfD．was good at communicating with others（4）After Derek's mom's talk，we did the following EXCEPT that C．A．we became friendsB．we played togetherC．we played jokes on himD．we communicated with him（5）Which is the best title for the passage？AA．Living with an open mind．B．Believing in yourself．C．Behaving in different ways．D．Making friends with the disabled．【分析】本文讲述了作者的新同学Derek有孤独症，从嘲笑他到跟他最朋友，在这个过程中，作者明白了，对于那些不同于我们的人要有一个开放的心态．【解答】（1）D．推理判断题．根据第二段When a new student arrived in my third grade class…we didn't know why he was doing that，作者认为德里克不是正常学生及对他发病后作者及同学们的表现，可以推断作者对Derek的评价不是褒义词，对比选项：A．Friendly 友好的；B．Humorous幽默的；C．Generous．豁达的；D．Strange奇怪的，可知A、B、C项为褒义词，故选D．（2）D．细节理解题．根据第二段When a new student arrived in my third grade class，可知，是Dered到了班级，所以a排在第一．根据第二段When he sat down at desk，we would try to get away from him，Derek有时随意发作，同学们远离他，所以d排在第二．根据第三段Then one day，Derek's mom came to our class and talked with us，一天，Derek的妈妈来跟同学们谈话，所以c排在第三．根据第四段We accepted his outbursts in class and he became one of our friends，在跟Derek的妈妈谈过话之后，同学们明白了，接纳了他并跟他成为了朋友，所以b排在第四．正确的顺序为a﹣d﹣c﹣b．故选D．（3）C．细节理解题．根据第三段When we found the volunteer had great trouble in trying to speak，the mother explained that was what Derek was going through every day．可知，Derek 在设法说话时有困难，即表达时有困难，故选C．（4）C．细节理解题．根据第四段After this talk，no one tried to make fun of Derek or run away from him．We accepted his outbursts in class and he became one of our friends．可知，Derek妈妈的谈话后，学生们接受了他的随意发作，并和他成为朋友，学生们不再开他的玩笑．对比选项，可知C项不是德里克妈妈谈话后学生们做的事情，故选C．（5）A．标题归纳题．根据第四段Having a class with Derek has taught me to have an open mind to those who are different from us．My experience in having an autistic classmate has provided me with a good lesson，这篇短文中作者通过讲述自己接纳孤独症的同学的经历，认识到当遇到和我们不同的人的时候我们要有开放的包容的态度．对比四个选项：A．Living with an open mind以开放，接纳的心态生活；B．Believing in yourself．相信自己；C．Behaving in different ways．以不同的方式表现；D．Making friends with the disabled．和残疾人交朋友．结合短文大意，A选项是最符合本文标题．故选A．。
2018年浙江省杭州市中考语文一模试卷
2018年浙江省杭州市中考语文一模试卷一、选择题（共2小题，每小题3分，满分6分）1．（3分）下列各句中，没有错别字且加点字的注音正确的一项是（）A．夜间滥用远光灯是人们深恶。
（è）痛绝的违法行为之一，极易引发恶性交通事故B．很难想像他看上去一副儒雅书生的模。
（mú）样，竟然是一位驰聘警界的风云人物C．“中国好字帖。
（tiě）“大赛起动以来，便有许多书法爱好者踊跃访问网站参与互动D．徘徊。
（huái）在古镇的街头巷口，游客们仿佛置身于岁月的繁华、沧桑中，感慨万分。
2．（3分）下列句子中加点的词语使用恰当的项是（）A．朗读时必需．．真正理解文句的意思，否则音质再好、语言再流畅也是枉然无功；甚至还会产生歧义。
B．“一带一路”构想传承和延续了古丝绸之路的精神，被赋予了时代的新内涵，为地区和全球可持续增长开辟．．了新空间。
C．一位退休女护土跪地30 分钟救人的举动被热心人拍了下米，并发送到了朋友圈，很快成为了人们道听途说．．．．的热门话题。
D．清晨，在高大茂密的树林里。
我边走边学着噪鹃的叫声，很快就听见它们鳞．次栉比．．．的应和声，美妙极了。
二、解答题（共1小题，满分3分）3．（3分）阅读下面的文字，完成（1）（2）两小题。
①随着五水共治工作的不断推进，西湖区将开展新一轮污水“零直排”小区创建工作，以改善污水入河情况。
所谓“零直排”，指的是将原先的雨水立管进行顶部割接后作为废水管纳入污水管网，同时新增一根雨水立管，接入城市雨水管网。
②这样做是为了防止废水里的氮，磷成分引发河水富营养化，进而造成水体污染为目的。
③去年，莲花东村通过这种方式，彻底实现了小区内部的雨污分流；解决了困扰已久的阳台水治理，成果明显。
2018 年西湖区将在去年的工作经验基础上，扩大试点范园，最终确认了四个小区“零直排”整治。
它们分别是翠苑街道的学院路99 号、保亭东二村，古荡街道的嘉禾花苑，三墩镇的港湾家园。
2018年浙江省杭州市余杭区中考生物一模试卷(J)
2018年浙江省杭州市余杭区中考生物一模试卷(J)副标题题号一二三四总分得分一、选择题（本大题共5小题，共5.0分）1.2017年，世界首例体细胞克隆猴“中中”在中国科学院神经科学研究所诞生。
下列生物的生殖类型与“中中”相似的是（）A. 青蛙体外受精B. 人类的剖腹产C. 扦插柳树枝条D. 小麦种子萌发出麦苗【答案】C【解析】解：2017年，世界首例体细胞克隆猴“中中”在中国科学院神经科学研究所诞生，克隆猴是用体细胞作为供体细胞进行细胞核移植的，它利用了胚胎细胞进行核移植的传统方式，没有经过雌雄交配，不需要精子和卵子的结合，只需从动物身上提取一个单细胞，用人工的方法将其培养成胚胎，再将胚胎移植到雌性动物子宫内，就可孕育出新的个体，“中中”的获得利用了克隆技术。
下列生物的生殖类型与“中中”相似的是扦插柳树枝条，也属于无性生殖，而青蛙体外受精、人类的剖腹产、小麦种子萌发出麦苗，均经过两性生殖细胞的结合，属于有性生殖。
故选：C。
克隆指的是先将含有遗传物质的供体细胞的核移植到去除了细胞核的卵细胞中，然后促使这一新细胞分裂繁殖发育成胚胎，当胚胎发育到一定程度后，再被植入动物子宫中使动物怀孕，便可产下与提供细胞者基因相同的动物。
解答此类题目的关键是理解掌握克隆技术的特点以及克隆的过程。
2.如图所示的4种细胞来自同一人体，则下列有关叙述中，错误的是（）A. 因为来自同一人体，所以4中细胞的细胞核中都有DNAB. 在神经细胞和上皮细胞中，DNA的基本单位都是脱氧核苷酸C. 4种细胞的形态和功能不相同是细胞分化的结果D. 4种细胞的形态、结构和功能相适应是自然选择的结果【答案】A【解析】解：A、卵细胞是经过减数分裂而来，其中的DNA含量减半，并且成熟的红细胞中没有细胞核（无核DNA），A错误；B、在神经细胞和上皮细胞中，DNA的基本单位都是脱氧核苷酸，B正确；C、4种细胞的形态和功能不相同是细胞分化的结果，C正确；D、4种细胞的形态、结构和功能相适应是自然选择的结果，D正确。
2018年浙江省杭州市余杭区中考生物一模试卷
2018年浙江省杭州市余杭区中考生物一模试卷一、选择题1．(★★)2017年，世界首例体细胞克隆猴“中中”在中国科学院神经科学研究所诞生。
下列生物的生殖类型与“中中”相似的是（）A．青蛙体外受精 B．人类的剖腹产C．扦插柳树枝条 D．小麦种子萌发出麦苗2．(★★)如图所示的4种细胞来自同一人体，则下列有关叙述中，错误的是（）A．因为来自同一人体，所以4中细胞的细胞核中都有DNAB．在神经细胞和上皮细胞中，DNA的基本单位都是脱氧核苷酸C．4种细胞的形态和功能不相同是细胞分化的结果D．4种细胞的形态、结构和功能相适应是自然选择的结果3．(★★)如图所示，某同学在一个保温瓶中放入葡萄糖和酵母菌溶液，用带有双孔的塞子封口，随着反应的进行，可以观察到锥形瓶中指示剂的颜色发生变化。
下列有关该实验的叙述中，正确的是（）A．锥形瓶中指示剂的颜色变成蓝色B．保温瓶中的所有酵母菌是一个群落C．影响酵母菌呼吸类型的重要因素是保温瓶中氧气的含量D．本实验可以用来精确测定酵母菌细胞呼吸释放的CO2量4．(★★★)下列有关人体新陈代谢及生命活动调节的叙述中，正确的是（）A．人体在炎热的环境中，汗液分泌量增加，此时人体产热量远远高于散热量B．大脑主要负责呼吸、心跳等重要的生命中枢C．发烧的病人消化不良，主要原因是体温过高减弱了消化酶的活性D．糖尿病是由于胰岛素分泌过多引起的5．(★★)某校科学兴趣小组探究大豆种子在萌发成幼苗的过程中，将其鲜重和干重的变化分别绘制成甲、乙两条曲线，有关叙述不正确的是（）A．大豆种子萌发过程受多种激素共同调节B．d点之后植物开始进行光合作用C．曲线甲中a→b变化的主要原因是种子萌发吸收了大量的水分D．曲线乙中a→c变化的主要原因是种子萌发时，呼吸作用消耗了有机物二．填空题6．(★★★)如图的漫画表示人体受到某种病原体感染时发生的免疫反应，请据图回答：（中只填序号）（1）图中②代表人体内的淋巴细胞，则表示病原体的是①．若该病原体没有细胞结构，只由蛋白质外壳和内部的遗传物质组成，则它是病毒；若它是某种细菌，则属于原核（选填真核/原核）生物。
2018年浙江省杭州市中考数学一模试卷
2018年浙江省杭州市中考数学一模试卷一、选择题：本题有10小题，每小题3分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的．1．（3分）已知⊙O的半径是5cm，点O到同一平面内直线a的距离为4cm，则直线a与⊙O 的位置关系是（）A．相交B．相切C．相离D．相交或相离2．（3分）二次函数y＝2（x﹣1）（x﹣2）的图象与y轴的交点坐标是（）A．（0，1）B．（0，2）C．（0，4）D．（0，﹣4）3．（3分）如图，已知Rt△ABC中，∠C＝90°，AC＝4，tan A＝，则BC的长是（）A．2B．8C．2D．44．（3分）酒店厨房的桌子上摆放着若干碟子，小辉分别从三个方向上看，把它们的三视图画了下来（如图所示），则桌子上共有碟子（）A．17 个B．12 个C．10 个D．7 个5．（3分）已知如图：（1）、（2）中各有两个三角形，其边长和角的度数已在图上标注，图（2）中AB、CD交于0点，对于各图中的两个三角形而言，下列说法正确的是（）A．都相似B．都不相似C．只有（1）相似D．只有（2）相似6．（3分）已知二次函数的图象（0≤x≤4）如图，关于该函数在所给自变量的取值范围内，下列说法正确的是（）A．有最大值2，有最小值﹣2.5B．有最大值2，有最小值1.5C．有最大值1.5，有最小值﹣2.5D．有最大值2，无最小值7．（3分）如图，AB是⊙O的直径，AC是⊙O的切线，连接OC交⊙O于点D，连接BD，∠C＝40°．则∠ABD的度数是（）A．30°B．25°C．20°D．15°8．（3分）如图，在纸上剪下一个圆形和一个扇形的纸片，使之恰好能围成一个圆锥模型，若圆的半径为r，扇形的圆心角等于120°，则围成的圆锥模型的高为（）A．r B．2r C．r D．3r9．（3分）已知点（x0，y0）是二次函数y＝ax2+bx+c（a＞0）的一个点且x0满足关于x的方程4ax+2b＝0，则下列选项正确的是（）A．对于任意实数x都有y≥y0B．对于任意实数x都有y≤y0C．对于任意实数x都有y＞y0D．对于任意实数x都有y＜y010．（3分）已知如图，Rt△ABC中，∠ACB＝90°，E是斜边AB的中点，D是线段AC延长线上的一点，连结DB、DE，DE与BC交于点G．给出下列结论：①若AD＝BD，则AC•AD＝AE•AB；②若AB＝BD，则DG＝2GE；③若CD＝BE，则∠A＝2∠ADE．其中正确的是（）A．①②B．①③C．②③D．①②③二、填空题：本题有6个小题，每小题3分，共24分．第10题图11．（3分）某校九年1班共有45位学生，其中男生有25人，现从中任选一位学生，选中女生的概率是．12．（3分）若0°＜α＜90°，tanα＝1，则sinα＝．13．（3分）一个圆锥的主视图是底边为12，底边上的高为8的等腰三角形，则这个圆锥的表面积为cm2．14．（3分）如图，△ABC内接于⊙O，DA、DC分别切⊙O于A、C两点，∠ABC＝114°，则∠ADC的度数为．15．（3分）若抛物线y＝ax2﹣x+c与y＝2（x﹣3）2+1对称轴相同，且两抛物线的顶点相距3个单位长度，则c的值为．16．（3分）如图，边长为12的正△ABC中，D是BC边的中点，一束光线自D发出射到AC上的点E后，依次反射到AB、BC上的点F和G（根据光学原理∠DEC＝∠AEF，∠AFE＝∠BFG）．（1）若∠FGB＝45°，CE＝；（2）若BG＝9，则tan∠DEC的值是．三、解答题：本题有7小题，共66分．解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或推演步骤．17．（8分）已知二次函数y＝x2+2x+m的图象过点A（3，0）．（1）求m的值；（2）当x取何值时，函数值y随x的增大而增大．18．（10分）一个直四棱柱的三视图如图所示，俯视图是一个菱形，求这个直四棱柱的表面积．19．（10分）如图，在△ABO中，OA＝OB，C是边AB的中点，以O为圆心的圆过点C．（1）求证：AB与⊙O相切；（2）若AB＝16，sin A＝，求⊙O的面积．20．（10分）如图，已知CD为Rt△ABC斜边上的中线，过点D作AC的平行线，过点C 作CD的垂线，两线相交于点E．（1）求证：△ABC∽△DEC；（2）若CE＝3，CD＝4，求CB的长．21．（10分）如图，在Rt△ABC中，∠ACB＝90°，E是边BC上的点，过点E作AB的垂线交AB于点F，交射线AC于点D，连结AE，（1）若S△AFD：S△EFB＝2，求sin∠BAE的值；（2）若tan∠BAE＝，AC＝2，AF＝4，求BE的值．22．（12分）在平面直角坐标系xOy中，抛物线y＝2x2﹣8x+6与x轴交于点A、B（点A在点B的左侧），与y轴交于点C．点D的坐标为（0，m），过D作y轴垂线与抛物线相交于点P（x1，y1），Q（x2，y2）（点P在点Q的左侧），与直线BC相交于点N（x3，y3）．（1）在同一坐标系内画出抛物线y＝2x2﹣8x+6与直线BC的草图；（2）当2＜m＜4时，比较x1，x2，x3的大小关系；（3）若x1＜x2＜x3，求x1+x2+x3的取值范围．23．（12分）如图，在边长为4的等边△ABC中，点D是射线BC上的任意一点（不含端点C），连结AD，以AD为边作等边△ADE（E与B在直线AD的两侧），连结CE．（1）当点D在线段BC上时，①求证：∠ABD＝∠ACE．②记△DCE的面积为s，问s是否有最大值？请说明理由．（2）当△ABD的面积是△DCE面积的两倍时，求线段DE的长．2018年浙江省杭州市中考数学一模试卷参考答案与试题解析一、选择题：本题有10小题，每小题3分，共30分．在每小题给出的四个选项中，只有一项是符合要求的．1．（3分）已知⊙O的半径是5cm，点O到同一平面内直线a的距离为4cm，则直线a与⊙O 的位置关系是（）A．相交B．相切C．相离D．相交或相离【分析】设圆的半径为r，点O到直线l的距离为d，若d＜r，则直线与圆相交；若d＝r，则直线与圆相切；若d＞r，则直线与圆相离，从而得出答案．【解答】解：设圆的半径为r，点O到直线l的距离为d，∵d＝4，r＝5，∴d＜r，∴直线l与圆相交．故选：A．【点评】本题考查的是直线与圆的位置关系，解决此类问题的关键是通过比较圆心到直线距离d与圆半径大小关系完成判定．2．（3分）二次函数y＝2（x﹣1）（x﹣2）的图象与y轴的交点坐标是（）A．（0，1）B．（0，2）C．（0，4）D．（0，﹣4）【分析】代入x＝0求出y值，进而即可得出二次函数图象与y轴的交点坐标．【解答】解：当x＝0时，y＝2（x﹣1）（x﹣2）＝2×（0﹣1）（0﹣2）＝4．∴二次函数y＝2（x﹣1）（x﹣2）的图象与y轴的交点坐标是（0，4）．故选：C．【点评】本题考查了二次函数图象上点的坐标特征，代入x＝0求出y值是解题的关键．3．（3分）如图，已知Rt△ABC中，∠C＝90°，AC＝4，tan A＝，则BC的长是（）A．2B．8C．2D．4【分析】根据锐角三角函数定义得出tan A＝，代入求出即可．【解答】解：∵tan A＝＝，AC＝4，∴BC＝2，故选：A．【点评】本题考查了锐角三角函数定义的应用，注意：在Rt△ACB中，∠C＝90°，sin A ＝，cos A＝，tan A＝．4．（3分）酒店厨房的桌子上摆放着若干碟子，小辉分别从三个方向上看，把它们的三视图画了下来（如图所示），则桌子上共有碟子（）A．17 个B．12 个C．10 个D．7 个【分析】从俯视图中可以看出最底层的碟子个数及形状，从主视图可以看出每一层碟子的层数和个数，从而算出总的个数．【解答】解：由图可看出，桌子上的碟子可以分成三摞，他们的个数分别是5，4，3，因此桌子上碟子的个数应该是4+5+3＝12个．故选：B．【点评】本题考查对三视图的理解应用及空间想象能力．可从主视图上分清物体的上下和左右的层数，从俯视图上分清物体的左右和前后位置，综合上述分析数出碟子的个数．5．（3分）已知如图：（1）、（2）中各有两个三角形，其边长和角的度数已在图上标注，图（2）中AB、CD交于0点，对于各图中的两个三角形而言，下列说法正确的是（）A．都相似B．都不相似C．只有（1）相似D．只有（2）相似【分析】图（1）根据三角形的内角和定理，即可求得△ABC的第三角，由有两角对应相等的三角形相似，即可判定（1）中的两个三角形相似；图（2）根据图形中的已知条件，即可证得，又由对顶角相等，即可根据对应边成比例且夹角相等的三角形相似证得相似．【解答】解：如图（1）∵∠A＝35°，∠B＝75°，∴∠C＝180°﹣∠A﹣∠B＝70°，∵∠E＝75°，∠F＝70°，∴∠B＝∠E，∠C＝∠F，∴△ABC∽△DEF；如图（2）∵OA＝4，OD＝3，OC＝8，OB＝6，∴，∵∠AOC＝∠DOB，∴△AOC∽△DOB．故选：A．【点评】此题考查了相似三角形的判定．注意有两角对应相等的三角形相似与对顶角相等，即可根据对应边成比例且夹角相等的三角形相似的定理的应用．6．（3分）已知二次函数的图象（0≤x≤4）如图，关于该函数在所给自变量的取值范围内，下列说法正确的是（）A．有最大值2，有最小值﹣2.5B．有最大值2，有最小值1.5C．有最大值1.5，有最小值﹣2.5D．有最大值2，无最小值【分析】直接利用利用函数图象得出函数的最值．【解答】解：∵二次函数的图象（0≤x≤4）如图，关于该函数在所给自变量的取值范围内，∴x＝1时，有最大值2，x＝4时，有最小值﹣2.5．故选：A．【点评】此题主要考查了二次函数的最值，利用数形结合分析是解题关键．7．（3分）如图，AB是⊙O的直径，AC是⊙O的切线，连接OC交⊙O于点D，连接BD，∠C＝40°．则∠ABD的度数是（）A．30°B．25°C．20°D．15°【分析】根据切线的性质求出∠OAC，结合∠C＝40°求出∠AOC，根据等腰三角形性质求出∠B＝∠BDO，根据三角形外角性质求出即可．【解答】解：∵AC是⊙O的切线，∴∠OAC＝90°，∵∠C＝40°，∴∠AOC＝50°，∵OB＝OD，∴∠ABD＝∠BDO，∵∠ABD+∠BDO＝∠AOC，∴∠ABD＝25°，故选：B．【点评】本题考查了切线的性质，三角形外角性质，三角形内角和定理，等腰三角形性质的应用，解此题的关键是求出∠AOC的度数，题目比较好，难度适中．8．（3分）如图，在纸上剪下一个圆形和一个扇形的纸片，使之恰好能围成一个圆锥模型，若圆的半径为r，扇形的圆心角等于120°，则围成的圆锥模型的高为（）A．r B．2r C．r D．3r【分析】首先求得围成的圆锥的母线长，然后利用勾股定理求得其高即可．【解答】解：∵圆的半径为r，扇形的弧长等于底面圆的周长得出2πr．设圆锥的母线长为R，则＝2πr，解得：R＝3r．根据勾股定理得圆锥的高为2r，故选：B．【点评】本题主要考查圆锥侧面面积的计算，正确理解圆的周长就是扇形的弧长是解题的关键．9．（3分）已知点（x0，y0）是二次函数y＝ax2+bx+c（a＞0）的一个点且x0满足关于x的方程4ax+2b＝0，则下列选项正确的是（）A．对于任意实数x都有y≥y0B．对于任意实数x都有y≤y0C．对于任意实数x都有y＞y0D．对于任意实数x都有y＜y0【分析】由x0满足关于x的方程4ax+2b＝0，可得出点（x0，y0）是二次函数y＝ax2+bx+c 的顶点坐标，再由a＞0利用二次函数的性质即可得出对于任意实数x都有y≥y0，此题得解．【解答】解：∵x0满足关于x的方程4ax+2b＝0，∴x0＝﹣，∴点（x0，y0）是二次函数y＝ax2+bx+c的顶点坐标．∵a＞0，∴对于任意实数x都有y≥y0．故选：A．【点评】本题考查了二次函数的性质，牢记“当a＞0时，顶点是抛物线的最低点”是解题的关键．10．（3分）已知如图，Rt△ABC中，∠ACB＝90°，E是斜边AB的中点，D是线段AC延长线上的一点，连结DB、DE，DE与BC交于点G．给出下列结论：①若AD＝BD，则AC•AD＝AE•AB；②若AB＝BD，则DG＝2GE；③若CD＝BE，则∠A＝2∠ADE．其中正确的是（）A．①②B．①③C．②③D．①②③【分析】根据直角三角形的性质、等腰三角形的三线合一、三角形的外角的性质计算即可判断．【解答】解：①∵AD＝BD，E是斜边AB的中点，∴DE⊥AB，又∠ACB＝90°，∠A＝∠A，∴△AED∽△ACB，∴＝，即AC•AD＝AE•AB，①正确；②∵AB＝BD，∠ACB＝90°，∴BC是△ABD的中线，又DE是△ABD的中线，∴点G是△ABD的重心，∴DG＝2GE，②正确；③连接CE，∵∠ACB＝90°，E是斜边AB的中点，∴EC＝EA＝EB，∴∠A＝∠ECA，CD＝CE，∴∠CDE＝∠CED，∵∠ECA＝∠CDE+∠CED＝2∠ADE，∴∠A＝2∠ADE，③正确；故选：D．【点评】本题考查的是相似三角形的性质、直角三角形的性质，掌握相似三角形的判定定理和性质定理是解题的关键．二、填空题：本题有6个小题，每小题3分，共24分．第10题图11．（3分）某校九年1班共有45位学生，其中男生有25人，现从中任选一位学生，选中女生的概率是．【分析】先求出女生的人数，再用女生人数除以总人数即可得出答案．【解答】解：∵共有45位学生，其中男生有25人，∴女生有20人，∴选中女生的概率是＝；故答案为：．【点评】此题考查了概率公式，用到的知识点为：概率＝所求情况数与总情况数之比．12．（3分）若0°＜α＜90°，tanα＝1，则sinα＝．【分析】由0°＜α＜90°、tanα＝1知∠α＝45°，据此可得sinα＝．【解答】解：∵0°＜α＜90°，tanα＝1，∴∠α＝45°，则sinα＝，故答案为：．【点评】本题主要考查特殊锐角三角函数值，解题的关键是熟记特殊锐角的三角函数值．13．（3分）一个圆锥的主视图是底边为12，底边上的高为8的等腰三角形，则这个圆锥的表面积为96πcm2．【分析】首先求得底面的周长、面积，利用勾股定理求得圆锥的母线长，然后利用扇形的面积公式即可求得圆锥的侧面积，加上底面面积就是表面积．【解答】解：底面周长是12πcm，底面积是：π×（12÷2）2＝36πcm2．母线长是：＝10cm，则圆锥的侧面积是：π×（12÷2）×10＝60πcm2，则圆锥的表面积为36π+60π＝96πcm2．故答案是：96π．【点评】本题考查了圆锥的计算，勾股定理，圆的面积公式，圆的周长公式和扇形面积公式求解．注意圆锥表面积＝底面积+侧面积＝π×底面半径2+底面周长×母线长÷2的应用．14．（3分）如图，△ABC内接于⊙O，DA、DC分别切⊙O于A、C两点，∠ABC＝114°，则∠ADC的度数为48°．【分析】如图，在⊙O上取一点K，连接AK、KC、OA、OC．求出∠AOC的角度，即可解决问题；【解答】解：如图，在⊙O上取一点K，连接AK、KC、OA、OC．∵∠AKC+∠ABC＝180°，∵∠ABC＝114°，∴∠AKC＝66°，∴∠AOC＝2∠AKC＝132°，∵DA、DC分别切⊙O于A、C两点，∴∠OAD＝∠OCB＝90°，∴∠ADC+∠AOC＝180°，∴∠ADC＝48°故答案为48°．【点评】本题考查切线的性质、圆周角定理、圆内接四边形的性质等知识，解题的关键是学会添加常用辅助线，灵活运用所学知识解决问题，属于中考常考题型．15．（3分）若抛物线y＝ax2﹣x+c与y＝2（x﹣3）2+1对称轴相同，且两抛物线的顶点相距3个单位长度，则c的值为或﹣．【分析】根据题意求出a＝，y＝x2﹣x+c的顶点坐标为（3，4）或（3，﹣2），代入计算即可．【解答】解：y＝2（x﹣3）2+1对称轴是x＝3，顶点坐标为（3，1），∵抛物线y＝ax2﹣x+c与y＝2（x﹣3）2+1对称轴相同，∴﹣＝3，解得，a＝，∵两抛物线的顶点相距3个单位长度，∴y＝x2﹣x+c的顶点坐标为（3，4）或（3，﹣2），把（3，4）代入y＝x2﹣x+c得，c＝，把（3，﹣2）代入y＝x2﹣x+c得，c＝﹣，故答案为：或﹣．【点评】本题考查的是二次函数的图形和性质，正确求出二次函数的对称轴、顶点坐标、灵活运用分情况讨论思想是解题的关键．16．（3分）如图，边长为12的正△ABC中，D是BC边的中点，一束光线自D发出射到AC上的点E后，依次反射到AB、BC上的点F和G（根据光学原理∠DEC＝∠AEF，∠AFE＝∠BFG）．（1）若∠FGB＝45°，CE＝3+3；（2）若BG＝9，则tan∠DEC的值是．【分析】（1）根据光学原理和等边三角形的性质及三角形的内角和定理，先求出∠DEC 的度数，再利用直角三角形求出CE的长；（2）先证明△AFE∽△BFG，△AEF∽△CED，利用相似三角形的性质求出当BG＝8时CE的长，再利用直角三角形求出∠DEC的正切．【解答】解：过点D作DM⊥CE，垂足为M（1）∵△ABC是正三角形，∴∠A＝∠B＝∠C＝60°，AB＝AC＝BC＝12，∵∠FGB＝45°，∴∠BFG＝∠AFE＝180°﹣60°﹣45°＝75°，∴∠DEC＝∠AEF＝∠180°﹣75°﹣60°＝45°∵D是BC边的中点，∴DC＝6，在Rt△DMC中，∵∠C＝60°，∴DM＝3，CM＝3，在Rt△DME中，∵∠DEC＝45°，∴EM＝DM＝3，∴CE＝CM+EM＝3+3故答案为：3+3．（2）∵△ABC是正三角形，∴∠A＝∠B＝∠C＝60°，AB＝AC＝BC＝12，∵∠DEC＝∠AEF，∠AFE＝∠BFG∴△AFE∽△BFG，△AEF∽△CED∴△AEF∽△BFG∽△CED∴设CE＝x，F A＝y，∵BG＝9则＝∴解得x＝7，即CE＝7．在Rt△DMC中，∵∠C＝60°，DC＝6∴DM＝3，CM＝3，在Rt△DME中，tan∠DEC＝＝＝＝【点评】此题是一个综合性很强的题目，主要考查等边三角形的性质、三角形相似、解直角三角形、函数等知识．难度较大，有利于培养同学们钻研和探索问题的精神．三、解答题：本题有7小题，共66分．解答应写出文字说明，证明过程或推演步骤．17．（8分）已知二次函数y＝x2+2x+m的图象过点A（3，0）．（1）求m的值；（2）当x取何值时，函数值y随x的增大而增大．【分析】（1）把A（3，0）代入y＝x2+2x+m，根据待定系数法即可求得；（2）化成顶点式即可求得．【解答】解：（1）∵二次函数y＝x2+2x+m的图象过点A（3，0）．∴9+6+m＝0，∴m＝﹣15；（2）∵y＝x2+2x﹣15＝（x+1）2﹣16，∴二次函数的图象的对称轴为x＝﹣1，∵a＝1＞0，∴当x≥﹣1时，函数值y随x的增大而增大．【点评】本题考查了二次函数图象上的坐标特征，二次函数的性质，熟练掌握二次函数的性质是解题的关键．18．（10分）一个直四棱柱的三视图如图所示，俯视图是一个菱形，求这个直四棱柱的表面积．【分析】计算两个底面的菱形的面积加上侧面四个矩形的面积即可求得直四棱柱的表面积．【解答】解：∵俯视图是菱形，∴底面菱形边长为＝2.5cm，面积为×3×4＝6，则侧面积为2.5×4×8＝80cm2，∴直棱柱的表面积为92cm2．【点评】本题考查了由三视图判断几何体的知识，解题的关键是能够了解该几何体的形状，难度不大．19．（10分）如图，在△ABO中，OA＝OB，C是边AB的中点，以O为圆心的圆过点C．（1）求证：AB与⊙O相切；（2）若AB＝16，sin A＝，求⊙O的面积．【分析】（1）首先连接OC，然后由OA＝OB，C是边AB的中点，根据三线合一的性质，可证得AB与⊙O相切；（2）首先求得OC的长，继而可求得⊙O的面积．【解答】（1）证明：连接OC，∵在△ABO中，OA＝OB，C是边AB的中点，∴OC⊥AB，∵以O为圆心的圆过点C，∴AB与⊙O相切；（2）∵OA＝OB，AB＝16，sin A＝，设OC＝r，由sin A＝，则AC＝3r，∵AC＝，由勾股定理可得：r2+82＝（3r）2，解得：r2＝8∴⊙O的面积为：π×r2＝8π．【点评】此题考查了切线的判定、等腰三角形的性质以及三角函数的性质．此题难度不大，注意掌握辅助线的作法，注意掌握数形结合思想的应用．20．（10分）如图，已知CD为Rt△ABC斜边上的中线，过点D作AC的平行线，过点C 作CD的垂线，两线相交于点E．（1）求证：△ABC∽△DEC；（2）若CE＝3，CD＝4，求CB的长．【分析】（1）根据直角三角形斜边上的中线等于斜边的一半可得出CD＝AD，进而可得出∠A＝∠ACD，由平行线的性质可得出∠CDE＝∠ACD＝∠A，再结合∠ACB＝∠DCE ＝90°，即可证出△ABC∽△DEC；（2）在Rt△DCE中，利用勾股定理可求出DE的长度，再根据相似三角形的性质即可求出CB的长．【解答】（1）证明：∵CD为Rt△ABC斜边上的中线，∴CD＝AB＝AD，∴∠A＝∠ACD．∵DE∥AC，∴∠CDE＝∠ACD＝∠A．又∵∠ACB＝∠DCE＝90°，∴△ABC∽△DEC．（2）解：在Rt△DCE中，CE＝3，CD＝4，∴DE＝＝5．∵△ABC∽△DEC，∴＝，即＝，∴CB＝．【点评】本题考查了相似三角形的判定与性质、直角三角形斜边上的中线、等腰三角形的性质、平行线的性质以及勾股定理，解题的关键是：（1）根据等腰三角形的性质结合平行线的性质，找出∠CDE＝∠ACD＝∠A；（2）利用相似三角形的性质，求出CB的长．21．（10分）如图，在Rt△ABC中，∠ACB＝90°，E是边BC上的点，过点E作AB的垂线交AB于点F，交射线AC于点D，连结AE，（1）若S△AFD：S△EFB＝2，求sin∠BAE的值；（2）若tan∠BAE＝，AC＝2，AF＝4，求BE的值．【分析】（1）证明△AFD∽△EFB，推出＝（）2＝2，推出＝，设EF ＝a，则AF＝a，AE＝a，根据sin∠EAB＝计算机可解决问题．（2）由△EFB∽△ACB，推出＝，设EB＝x，则AB＝2x，BF＝2x﹣4，由勾股定理构建方程即可解决问题．【解答】解：（1）∵DF⊥AB，∴∠EFB＝90°，∵∠ACB＝90°，∴∠ECD＝∠EFB＝90°，∵∠CED＝∠FEB，∴∠D＝∠B，∵∠AFD＝∠EFB＝90°，∴△AFD∽△EFB，∴＝（）2＝2，∴＝，设EF＝a，则AF＝a，AE＝a，∴sin∠EAB＝＝．（2）∵tan∠BAE＝＝，AF＝4，∴EF＝1，∵△EFB∽△ACB，∴＝，设EB＝x，则AB＝2x，BF＝2x﹣4，由勾股定理：12+（2x﹣4）2＝x2，解得x＝和（舍弃），∴BE＝．【点评】本题考查相似三角形的判断关系，勾股定理等知识，解题的关键是正确寻找相似三角形解决问题，学会利用参数构建方程解决问题．22．（12分）在平面直角坐标系xOy中，抛物线y＝2x2﹣8x+6与x轴交于点A、B（点A在点B的左侧），与y轴交于点C．点D的坐标为（0，m），过D作y轴垂线与抛物线相交于点P（x1，y1），Q（x2，y2）（点P在点Q的左侧），与直线BC相交于点N（x3，y3）．（1）在同一坐标系内画出抛物线y＝2x2﹣8x+6与直线BC的草图；（2）当2＜m＜4时，比较x1，x2，x3的大小关系；（3）若x1＜x2＜x3，求x1+x2+x3的取值范围．【分析】（1）利用二次函数图象上点的坐标特征求出点A、B、C的坐标，依此画出草图；（2）观察图1，即可找出：当2＜m＜4时，x1＜x3＜x2；（3）根据抛物线的解析式可找出顶点坐标，利用待定系数法可求出直线BC的解析式，观察图2可找出，若x1＜x2＜x3，则﹣2＜m＜0，利用一次函数图象上点的坐标特征可得出3＜x3＜4，由二次函数图象的对称性结合抛物线的对称轴为直线x＝2可得出x1+x2＝4，结合3＜x3＜4即可找出x1+x2+x3的取值范围．【解答】解：（1）当y＝0时，有2x2﹣8x+6＝0，解得：x＝1或x＝3，∴点A的坐标为（1，0），点B的坐标为（3，0）；当x＝0时，y＝2x2﹣8x+6＝6，∴点C的坐标为（0，6）．画出草图如图1所示．（2）由图1可知，当2＜m＜4时，x1＜x3＜x2．（3）∵抛物线的解析式为y＝2x2﹣8x+6，∴抛物线的顶点坐标为（2，﹣2）．设直线BC的解析式为y＝kx+b（k≠0），将B（3，0）、C（0，6）代入y＝kx+b，得：，解得：，∴直线BC的解析式为y＝﹣2x+6．由图2可知，若x1＜x2＜x3，则﹣2＜m＜0，∴3＜x3＜4．∵抛物线的对称轴为直线x＝2，∴x1+x2＝2×2＝4，∴7＜x1+x2+x3＜8．【点评】本题考查了抛物线与x轴的交点、二次函数的图象、二次函数的性质、二次函数图象上点的坐标特征、待定系数法求一次函数解析式以及一次函数图象上点的坐标特征，解题的关键是：（1）利用二次函数图象上点的坐标特征求出点A、B、C的坐标，依此画出草图；（2）观察图1，利用数形结合找出结论；（3）利用一次函数图象上点的坐标特征求出x3的范围．23．（12分）如图，在边长为4的等边△ABC中，点D是射线BC上的任意一点（不含端点C），连结AD，以AD为边作等边△ADE（E与B在直线AD的两侧），连结CE．（1）当点D在线段BC上时，①求证：∠ABD＝∠ACE．②记△DCE的面积为s，问s是否有最大值？请说明理由．（2）当△ABD的面积是△DCE面积的两倍时，求线段DE的长．【分析】（1）①根据等边三角形的性质得出结论，判断出△BAD≌△CAE，即可得出结论；②先求出EH，利用三角形的面积公式即可得出结论；（2）先求出△ABD的面积，再分点D在边BC和BC延长线上，利用△ABD的面积是△DCE面积的两倍，建立方程，即可得出结论．【解答】解：（1）①在等边△ABC和△ADE中，AB＝AC，AD＝AE，∠BAC＝∠DAE，∴∠BAD＝∠CAE＝60°，在△BAD和△CAE中，，∴△BAD≌△CAE，∴∠ABD＝∠ACE＝60°'②如图1，过点E作EH⊥BC于H，设BD＝x，（0＜x＜4）∵△BAD≌△CAE，∴CE＝BD＝x，CD＝BC﹣BD＝4﹣x，∠ACE＝∠ABC＝∠ACB＝60°，∴∠ECH＝60°，在Rt△CMH中，EH＝CE•sin∠ECH＝x，∴s＝DC•EH＝（4﹣x）×x＝﹣（x﹣2）2+，∴x＝2时，即：点D是BC中点时，s最大；（2）如图2，过点A作AG⊥BC于G，在Rt△ABG中，AB＝4，∠ABC＝60°，∴AG＝AB•sin∠ABC＝2，∴S△ABD＝BD•AG＝x，①当点D在边BC上时，由（1）知，S△CDE＝s＝﹣（x﹣2）2+，∵△ABD的面积是△DCE面积的两倍，∴x＝2[﹣（x﹣2）2+]，∴x＝2或x＝0（舍），∴CE＝BD＝2，EH＝，根据勾股定理得，CH＝1，∴DH＝CD+CH＝3，在Rt△DEH中，DE＝2，②当点D在BC的延长线上时，如图3，同①的方法得，∠ECM＝60°，过点E作EH⊥BC于H，在Rt△CEM中，EH＝CE sin∠ECM＝x，∴S△DCE＝（x﹣4）×x＝（x﹣4），∵△ABD的面积是△DCE面积的两倍，∴x＝2×（x﹣4），∴x＝6或x＝0（舍），∴CE＝BD＝6，EH＝3，CH＝3，∴DH＝1，在Rt△DEH中，DE＝2．【点评】此题是三角形综合题，主要考查了等边三角形的性质，全等三角形的判定和性质，勾股定理，用方程的思想解决问题是解本题的关键．。
浙江省杭州市2018年中考英语模拟试卷及答案
2018年中考模拟试卷英语卷考生须知：1．本试卷分试题卷和答题卷两部分。
满分120 分，考试时间 100分钟。
2．答题前，必须在答题卷的密封区内填写校名、班级、学号、姓名、试场号、座位号。
3．所有答案都必须做在答题卷标定的位置上，务必注意试题序号和答题序号相对应。
4．考试结束后，只需上交答题卷。
英语试题卷第I 卷第一部分听力(共两节，满分30分)第一节（共5小题，每小题2分，满分10分）听下面5段对话，每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试题的相应位置，听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。
每段对话仅读一遍。
1.What does the man mean? 【原创】A. He’s sure to pass the test.B. He also thinks the test difficult.C. He hopes the woman can pass the test.2. When will they study together for the English test? 【原创】A. On Thursday.B. On Saturday.C. On Friday.3. Why did the boy sleep late last night?【原创】A. To finish his homeworkB. To see a movieC. To watch a match4. How will Kevin go to London? 【原创】A. By car.B. By bus.C. By train.5. What’s the probable relationship between the man and woman? 【原创】A. Husband and wife.B. Friends.C. Teacher and student.【考点】考察when, how, why, what, where等疑问词在听力中的运用。
最新-2018年浙江杭州市余杭中学高三第一次校本检测数
2018年浙江杭州市余杭中学高三第一次校本检测数 学 试 卷（理）命题人：程厚军第Ⅰ卷（选择题 共50分）一、选择题：本大题共10小题，每小题5分，共50分。
在每小题给出的四个选项中，有且只有一项是符合题目要求的，请把正确答案涂填在答案纸指定位置． 1．甲：A 1、A 2是互斥事件；乙：A 1、A 2是对立事件，那么A ．甲是乙的充分但不必要条件B ．甲是乙的必要但不充分条件C ．甲是乙的充要条件D ．甲既不是乙的充分条件，也不是乙的必要条件 2．若m 、n 表示直线，α表示平面，则下列命题中，正确的个数为 ①//m n n m αα⎫⇒⊥⎬⊥⎭②//m m n n αα⊥⎫⇒⎬⊥⎭③//m m n n αα⊥⎫⇒⊥⎬⎭④//m n m n αα⎫⇒⊥⎬⊥⎭A ．1个B ．2个C ．3个D ．4个3．从8名女生，4名男生中选出6名学生组成课外小组，如果按性别比例分层抽样，则不同的抽取方法种数为A ．612CB ．3384C C ⋅ C ．4284C C ⋅ D ．4284A A ⋅ 4．过半径为2的球O 表面上一点A 作球O 的截面，若OA 与该截面所成的角是60°则该截面的面积是A ．πB ．2πC ．3πD ．π325．为了了解某地区高三学生的身体发育情况，抽查了该地区100名年龄为17．5岁－18岁的男生体重(kg) ,得到频率分布直方图如下：根据上图可得这100名学生中体重在〔56．5,64．5〕的学生人数是A ．20B ．30C ．40D ．506．甲、乙、丙3位同学用计算机联网学习数学，每天上课后独立完成6道自我检测题，甲答及格的概率为108，乙答及格的概率为106，丙答及格的概率为107，3人各答1次，则3人中只有1人答及格的概率为A ．25047B ．12542C ．203D ．51 7．4名男生3名女生排成一排，若3名女生中有2名站在一起，但3名女生不能全排在一起，则不同的排法种数有A ．1440B ．2880C ．3180D ．36008．如图，正三棱柱111ABC A B C -的各棱长都2，E ，F 分别是11,AB AC 的中点，则EF 的长是A ．2B C ．D 9． 已知||2||0a b =≠,且关于x 的方程2||0x a x a b ++⋅=有实根,则a 与b 的夹角的取值范围是A ．[0,6π] B ．[,]3ππ C ．2[,]33ππ D ．[,]6ππ 10．对于任意的两个实数对(,)a b 和(,)c d ，规定：(,)(,)a b c d =，当且仅当,a c b d ==；运算“⊗”为：(,)(,)(,)a b c d ac bd bc ad ⊗=-+；运算“⊕”为：(,)(,)(,)a b c d a c b d ⊕=++，设,pqR ∈，若(1,2)(,)(5,0)p q ⊗=，则(1,2)(,)p q ⊕=A ．(4,0)B ． (0,2)C ． (2,0)D ． (0,4)-第Ⅱ卷（非选择题 共100分）二、填空题：本大题共4小题，每小题4分，共16分．11．已知向量(1sin )a θ=，，(1cos )b θ=，，则a b -的最大值为 _____▲____。
2018年杭州中考科学一模试卷(含答案)
2018年中考模拟（一）科学考生须知：1．本试卷满分为160分，考试时间为120分钟。
2．答题前，在答题纸上写姓名和准考证号。
3．必须在答题纸的对应位置上答题，写在其他地方无效。
答题方式详见答题纸上的说明。
4．考试结束后，试题和答题纸一并上交。
（可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 C-12 O-16 S-32 Mg-24）试题卷一、选择题（每小题3分，共60分，每小题只有一个选项符合题意）1．下列选项是“称量一定量的粗盐并进行提纯”实验的部分操作，其中操作规范的是A B C D2．随着计算化学的发展，研究人员通过“晶体结构预测”模型进行演算发现，一定条件下可实现如下反应：2Na+He Na 2He 。
下列说法正确的是A ．反应物Na 和He 均为金属单质B ．Na 2He 中Na 为+1价，He 为-1价C ．Na 2He 由2个钠元素和1个氦元素组成D ．氦元素既可以组成单质也可以组成化合物3．同一台显微镜，采用不同的物镜和目镜组合观察同一血涂片，出现图甲和图乙两个视野，下列说法正确的是A ．如果目镜一样，图甲的物镜比图乙的物镜长B ．如果物镜一样，图乙的目镜比图甲的目镜短C ．若使用相同的光照、反光镜和通光孔，则乙视野亮度大D ．要使视野中左下方的像移到视野中央，应将玻片往右上方移动 4．如图为某树林中部分生物成分之间的关系，下列说法正确的是A ．图中最长的一条食物链是：植物→虫→鸟→细菌B ．若图中加入阳光、空气等非生物部分，就构成了一个群落C ．虫的体色与栖息环境相近，这体现出生物对环境的适应D ．图中的细菌、真菌能把无机物分解为有机物5．下列相关的量之间的关系，符合如图所示图线的是 A ．物体的重力与质量之间的关系B ．定值电阻电功率与电流之间的关系C ．物质比热与温度变化量之间的关系D ．大气温度与高度之间的关系6．我国自主研发的手足口病EV71疫苗获新药证书，该疫苗对EV71肠道病毒引起的重症手足口病的保护率达到100%，下列说法正确的是A ．EV71肠道病毒引起的“手足口病”属于易传播的遗传病一定条件 粗盐粗盐 x y 0 甲 乙虫 植物鸟 细菌真菌B ．EV71肠道病毒是引起“手足口病”的病原体，从免疫的角度相当于抗体C ．手足口病病人属于传染源，接种手足口病EV71疫苗的目的是为了控制传染源D ．手足口病EV71疫苗接种到人体后，会刺激人体内的淋巴细胞产生抗体7．据图分析，下列说法错误．．的是 A ．甲图表示在玻璃温室内进行植物栽培，一天中室内空气中氧气的浓度随时间的变化曲线B ．乙图是人一次平静呼吸中肺部内外气压差的变化曲线，AB 段表示肺完成一次呼气过程C ．丙图表示人体血液流经肺部时，血液中氧含量的变化D ．丁图表示在不同的pH 下，唾液淀粉酶催化活性的强弱8．如图是7种生物或结构分类的示意图，下列说法错误．．的是 A ．将除流感病毒以外的六种生物或结构归为A 类的依据是细胞结构中都有成形的细胞核 B ．将大肠杆菌、酵母菌、衣藻、草履虫归为B 类的依 据是它们都是单细胞生物 C ．将衣藻和叶肉细胞归为C 类的依据是细胞结构中都 有叶绿体 D ．叶肉细胞和人体口腔上皮细胞的细胞结构中都有流感 病毒 大肠 杆菌 酵母菌 草履虫 衣藻 叶肉细胞 人体口腔 上皮细胞 A B C 铁矿石 生铁 铁制品 废旧金属铁 冶炼 制造 废弃 循环利用 氧气浓度0 6 12 18 24 时间肺内外气压差 A C B 0 血液中的含氧量 血流方向 酶活性 7 pH 甲 乙 丙 丁B AF C ．铁制品废弃后易与周围环境中的水、空气等物质作用而锈蚀D ．废旧金属铁循环利用可节约资源、减少对环境的污染11．探究影响电磁铁磁性强弱的因素时，按图示电路进行实验。