牛津译林版高中英语必修三Unit 2《Language》(Section Ⅰ)课件
译林版高中英语必修三Uint2 Reading (I) 教案(雅礼版)
Unit 2 Natural disastersWelcome to the unit & Reading (I)◆内容分析：本单元的主题语境是“人与自然”，话题是“自然灾害与防范”。
本单元的教学旨在帮助学生认识自然灾害的巨大破坏力，掌握在遇到自然灾害时的自救知识。
Welcome to the unit板块以一段视频引出不同种类的自然灾害，为学生进一步了解单元话题做热身；Reading板块的语篇是两则新闻报道，分别描述了地震逃生和海啸前救人两个事件，目的是引起学生对自然灾害自救知识的重视。
本单元卷首的名人名言出自法国作家维克多•雨果，意为：“大自然是慈爱的母亲，也是冷血的屠夫。
”这句话意在强调大自然能造福人类，也能给人类带来灾祸。
◆教学目标：By the end of the lesson, students will be able to:1. learn the structure and language characteristics of news reports;2. explore how the two characters help people survive the disaster according to the news reports;3. discuss the personalities that the two characters show in the disaster;4. understand the significance of preparations for a natural disaster and learn about ways of preparation.◆教学重难点：1. Learn the structure and language characteristics of news reports;2. Explore in detail how the two characters help people survive the disaster in the news reports.◆教学过程：Step 1 Lead-in1.Introduce photos of 2011 Tōhoku earthquake and tsunami, Hurricane Andrew of1993 and 2008 Wenchuan earthquake in China. By simple depictions of thesenatural disasters, show the students how destructive natural disasters can be.2.Quotation from Victor Hugo: Nature is kind of loving mother, but also a butcherin cold blood.【设计意图：快速引入话题，拓展相关词汇。
牛津译林版新教材高中英语选择性必修三unit2课文原文
U2ReadingLiving in space is every would-be astronaut’s dream. My six-month stay on a space station has come to an end, and it has been a challenging but magical adventure. I bet you’d love to know what daily life is like up in space and how it differs from that on the Earth—the low gravity definitely makes ordinary things strange!The strangeness of living in space is apparent from the moment we sleep. Due to the near absence of gravity in space, we have to attach ourselves so that we don’t float around. We usually sleep in private quarters, which are more like large cupboards, or in sleeping bags attached to the walls or the ceiling. It’s strange that we try to sleep with no pressure against our back, but the unusual beds don’t bother us any more. After about eight hours of sleep, we start our day of work.The routine tasks that occupy most of the day are demanding, but they can also be extremely rewarding. Our main mission is to conduct scientific research. We need to evaluate the effects of low gravity on animals and plants. Creatures such as mice, fish and mosquitoes have also been sent to the station! In a low-gravity environment, we can learn more about changes in cells and microorganisms under the microscope. As well as doing these biological experiments, we carry out experiments in other research fields. I have been working on one experiment which locates and tracks lightning over large regions of the Earth. Hopefully, it will cast new light on the Earth’s climate and lead to better lightning protection. With so much going on, the space station needs a lot of maintenance, so we constantly check support systems and do some cleaning.The most challenging work takes place when we need to perform tasks outside the space station, such as testing new equipment, monitoring scientific experiments or repairing the space station. In the circumstances, it’s time for a spacewalk. First, we put on our spacesuits, which allow us to breathe in space and protect us from exposure to the cold and radiation. Then we head out, and sometimes perform tasks for hours at a time, with the beautiful Earth visible below. Splendid as the view of the Earth is, spacewalking is not as exciting as you might think. It’s probably the most dangerous work, with potential risks such as electric shocks. That’s why every spacewalk is carefully planned.In view of the low-gravity environment, eating is also different in space. Most food is dried or freeze-dried. It’s a luxury to eat fresh food, because fresh produce such as fruit and vegetables can only be delivered to the space station from the Earth every couple of months. Salt and pepper are only in liquid form, so that they will not float away and block the air pipes. However, liquids can’t be easily controlled in space. We must drink water or any other liquids out of a bag through a thin tube of plastic. Furthermore, to keep our body healthy, we must ensure a balanced supply of nutrients by taking pills.Spending some time in the gym is of vital importance to astronauts’health. Did you know that in just five months, astronauts could lose a significant amount of muscle and bone mass? Considering these negative effects low gravity has on the human body, we discipline ourselves to do at least two hours of exercise every day. Exercise in space is not your average workout. We have to be tied onto specially designed exercise equipment to stop ourselves from floating around.During our leisure time, there’s nothing we like more than to sit back with the rest of the crew and watch our remarkable planet go by, taking pictures for our family and friends back home. As the space station travels at a speed of about 17,500 miles per hour, we get to see the sunrise every 90 minutes. In these precious moments, all the challenges of life in space seem worth it.Extended readingIn 1969, when Neil Armstrong first landed on the Moon, many people thought that soon we would be regularly visiting other planets in our solar system and would even dare to travel beyond it. This is clearly not the case. The reality is that space exploration is extremely difficult and dangerous, can take a very long time and costs a huge amount of money. Some people believe that while space exploration expands our understanding of the universe, it is a waste of the public purse and does nothing to enhance the quality of our lives here on the Earth. Why do we continue to explore space, then?It is in our nature to explore. From the very early days of human life on the Earth,our curiosity about the unknown has kept us adventuring into new places. We long to visit thick and wild forests, climb vast mountain ranges, and cross deep oceans. We desire to explore the furthest frontier of all—space. As Stephen Hawking once said, “Remember to look up at the stars and not down at your feet. Try to make sense of what you see and wonder about what makes the universe exist. Be curious.”That we are fascinated by the sky is evident in ancient tales from around the world, such as that of Chang’e. While space exploration is a reality, we remain curious about the mysteries of the universe. With each space mission comes greater insight, thus motivating us to continue along the same path of adventure.The results of these space investigations have made major contributions to an understanding of the origin, evolution, and likely future of the universe, such as planets, stars, and all other forms of matter and energy. Exploring space helps address fundamental questions about our place in the universe and the history of our solar system. It is through our research into space that we have confirmed that the Earth is round and that it orbits the Sun. As we learn more about the universe, we may one day answer the question whether there is life on other planets.With technologies first researched and developed for space exploration, we can solve some of the big problems facing mankind, making our lives safer and easier. One of these is earthquake shock absorbers. Shock absorbers originally applied to the space shuttle launch have also been set up in the cities with a high frequency of earthquakes in order to protect buildings and savelives. Some technologies need further research to better solve real-life problems. For example, liquid hydrogen is a clean alternative energy source that is used widely as rocket fuel, and it is likely that hydrogen fuel cell vehicles will be mass-produced and launched in the near future. These scientific and technological advances can provide benefits to societies on the Earth in many areas including health, energy and information technology. This should be a strong motive for continuing to explore space.Although space exploration demands huge investment, the space industry can actually bring great economic value. It has been calculated that the global space economy is increasing by billions of dollars every year. At the same time, space exploration can provide a variety of career opportunities for young people. Jobs in the space industry go far beyond the astronauts that receive widespread media coverage. There are many support staff on the ground, such as engineers, mechanics and research assistants.Moreover, the amazing work these people do can provide education and inspiration for the next generation. For me personally, this is by far the biggest reason for humanity to explore space. Such wonders as a space shuttle launch or astronauts walking on the Moon are incredibly exciting and inspiring to witness, and it can be these moments that shape children’s lives forever and motivate them to become the scientists and engineers of the future. It is this kind of inspiration that keeps our thirst for knowledge alive and ensures that advances in space exploration and many other fields will continue to be made. When you have seen a man walk on the Moon, you grow up believing that anything is possible!。
高中英语作业必修三：Unit《Language》五含答案译林版
课时作业(五)Word power & Grammar and usageⅠ.单词拼写1．Rescuers are ________(关心)for the safety of two men trapped in the mine.2．Smoking is ________(禁止)in the office.3．You can ________(使用)the information anywhere if you have a computer.4．Generosity is part of the American ________(性格)．5．If pollution goes on，there will be no ________(纯净的)water.6．This stamp is ________(独一无二的)；all others like it have been lost or destroyed.7．The dog always ________(吠；叫)at the postman.8．We should stop ________(种族的)discrimination in areas such as employment.9．She has been ________(饲养)sheep for 40 years.10．I have never been to America and ________(因此)I don't know much about it.Ⅱ.单项填空1．(2013·扬州高一月考)She has been banned ______ the Olympic Games because of taking drugs.A．from taking part in B．to take part inC．from taking part D．to take part2．Mr.John was always ________ the poor and the sick，often providing them with free medical care.A．tended by B．absorbed inC．reminded of D．concerned about3．Rose is Mr.Smith's secretary，so she has ________ to all his business e-mails.A．power B．accountC．way D．access4．He proved himself a true gentleman and the beauty of his ________ was seen at its best when he worked with others.A．temper B．appearanceC．talent D．character5．How about reading more books ________ watching TV?A．instead of B．because ofC．in spite of D．as a result of6．(2013·北京高考)________makes the book so extraordinary is the creative imagination of the writer.A．That B．WhatC．Who D．Which7．(2013·湖南高考)Do not let any failures discourage you, for you can never tell________close you may be to victory.A．how B．thatC．which D．where8．Tomorrow is Tom's birthday.Have you got an idea ________ the party is to be held?A．what B．whichC．that D．where9．To keep healthy，Professor Johnson ________ cycling as a regular form of exercise after he retired.A．took up B．caught onC．carried out D．made for10．To everybody's surprise，the fashionable young lady ________ to be a thief.A．found out B．proved outC．put out D．turned out11．________was known to us all that Johnson had broken his promise ________ he would give each of us a small gift.A．As；which B．What；thatC．It；that D．It；which12．(2013·山东高考)It's good to know ________ the dogs will be well cared for while we're away.A．what B．whoseC．which D．that13．(2013·安徽高考)From space，the earth looks blue.This is ________ about seventy-one percent of its surface is covered by water.A．why B．howC．because D．whether14．It is uncertain ________ side effect the medicine will bring about，although about two thousand patients have taken it.A．that B．whatC．how D．whether15．The road is covered with snow.I can't understand ________ they insist on going by motorbike.A．why B．whetherC．when D．howⅢ.完形填空It often appears that we have more to gain by speaking than by listening.One big advantage of speaking is that it gives you a chance to control others' thoughts and actions.Whatever your goal－to have a boss hire you，to __1__ others to vote for the person of your __2__，or to describe the __3__ you want your hair cut－the key to success seems to be the __4__ to speak well.Another obvious advantage of speaking is the chance it provides to __5__ the admiration，respect，or liking of others.__6__ jokes，and everyone will think you're really a wise man.__7__ advice，and they'll be __8__ for your help.Tell them __9__ you know，and they'll be impressed by your wisdom.But keep quiet，and it seems as if you'll look like a worthless nobody.Finally，talking gives you the __10__ to release energy in a way that listening can't.When you're __11__，the chance to talk about your problems can often help you feel better.In the same way，you can often __12__ your anger by letting it out orally.It isalso helpful to __13__ your excitement with others by talking about it，for keeping it inside often __14__ you feeling as if you might burst.While it is true that talking does have many advantages.it's important to __15__ that listening can do good to listeners，too.As you'll soon read，being a good listener is one good way to __16__ others with their problems；and what better way is there __17__ others appreciate you？As for controlling others，it may be true that it's hard to be persuasive while you're listening，but your __18__ to hear others out will often leave them open to thinking about your ideas in return.__19__ is often reciprocal(互惠的)：you get what you __20__.1．A.persist B．adviseC．persuade D．suggest2．A.friend B．relationC．choice D．leader3．A.method B．wayC．means D．plan4．A.way B．energyC．power D．ability5．A.gain B．graspC．receive D．seize6．A.Say B．SpeakC．Talk D．Tell7．A.Accept B．FollowC．Offer D．Obtain8．eful B．thankfulC．hateful D．moved9．A.whether B．whenC．all D．if10．A.pleasure B．courseC．duty D．chance11．A.in trouble B．in dangerC．in debt D．in silence12．A.reduce B．brightenC．increase D．deepen13．A.control B．shareC．enjoy D．remove14．A.makes B．causesC．leaves D．enables15．A.suppose B．noticeC．realize D．imagine16．A.fail B．cureC．hurt D．help17．A.to have B．havingC．for having D．had18．A.happiness B．likelinessC．willingness D．unwillingness19．A.Speaking B．ListeningC．Helping D．Talking20．A.lose B．ask forC．need D．giveⅣ.阅读理解Almost every language in the world has a saying that a person can never be too rich.Americans，like people in other countries，always want more money.One way they express this is by protesting(抗议) that their jobs do not pay enough.A common expression is，“I am working for chickenfeed.”It means working for very little money.The expression probably began because seeds fed to chickens made people think of small change.Small change means metal coins of not much value，like a nickel which is worth five cents.An early use of the word chickenfeed appeared in an American publication innineteen thirty.It told of a rich man and his son.Word expert Mitford Mathews says it read，“I'll bet neither the kid nor his father ever saw a nickel or a dime.They would not have been interested in such chickenfeed.”Chickenfeed also has another interesting meaning known to history experts and World War Two spies and soldiers.Spy expert Henry S．A.Becket writes that some German spies working in London during the war also worked for the British.The British government had to make the Germans believe their spies were working.So，British officials gave them mostly false information.It was called chickenfeed.The same person who protests that he is working for chickenfeed may also say，“I am working for peanuts.”He means he is working for a small amount of money.It is a very different meaning from the main one in the dictionary.That meaning is small nuts that grow on a plant.No one knows for sure how a word for something to eat also came to mean something very small.But，a peanut is a very small food.1．The passage is mainly to tell us about ________.A．some common food in AmericaB．the living conditions of AmericansC．the German spies in World War TwoD．the meaning and the origin of an American expression2．By saying“I am working for chickenfeed”，a person is ________.A．introducing a topicB．telling a jokeC．making a complaintD．making a decision3．What can we learn about the German spies from the passage?A．They were well paid by the German government.B．They gathered mostly in London during World War Two.C．They never provided any valuable information for Germany.D．They worked for both their own country and their enemies.4．According to the passage，chickenfeed means all the following EXCEPT ________.A．chicken's foodB．hard workC．false informationD．small money5．In which part of a website can we probably find this passage?A．Language. B．Agriculture.C．History. D．People.课时作业(五)Ⅰ.1.concerned 2.banned 3.access 4.character 5.pure 6.unique7.barks 8.racial9.raising10.thereforeⅡ.1.A句意：她因吸毒被禁止参加奥运会。
牛津译林版高中英语必修3：Unit 2 Section Ⅲ课件
要 必要提前把一切都准备好。
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(3)在“It is/was＋过去分词＋that...”结构中，如果动词是 require，demand， 随
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request 等，从句谓语部分要用“should＋动词原形”形式，should 可以省略。 效 果
It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
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①Anyone who comes here is welcome.
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→Whoever comes here is welcome.
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②You can do anything you like.
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→You can do whatever you like.
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⑥The problem is whom we should have do it.
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3．what 与 that 的用法区别
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(1)that 只起连接作用，在从句中不充当任何成分，也无任何意义。
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(2)what 引导从句，除起连接作用外，还在从句中作主语、宾语、表语等成 效
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It happened/chanced that I was in the countryside at the time.那时我恰巧在乡
牛津译林版高中英语必修3：Unit 2 Section Ⅴ课件
识
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细 研
D．widely used by the blind soldiers
【答案】 1－5 BCADA
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新
第二步 精读——能力升华 接轨高考
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精读 P39 教材课文，在空白处填入 1 个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形
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Braille lost his eyesight at the age of three as a result of 1.an injury, but he
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4．practical
D．n.行为，行动
5．backwards
E．adj.切实可行的，实用的
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6．deed
7．hunt
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8．simplify
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9．combine
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10．press
F．vt.区分，辨别；使具有某种特征
G．vt.简化
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H．n.缺点，短处
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I．vt.&vi.组合；(使)联合
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J．vt.&vi.打猎，猎杀；搜寻
【答案】 1－5 FBHEA 6－10 DJGIC
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Ⅱ.选择下列句中画线词组的汉语意思
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A．多数情况下 B．失明 C．由于 D．作为一个整体
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E．想到 F．随着时间的流逝
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1．You must consider those matters as a whole.
2023新译林版高中英语必修三课本习题答案
2023新译林版高中英语必修三课本习题答案Unit 1 LifeSection A1. Complete the sentences with the words in the box.1.Symbol2.Religions3.Equality4.Stressful5.Gesture2. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.1.account2.traditional3.version4.knowledge5.admission3. Complete the passage with the words or phrases in the box.1.Conflict2.Promoting3.Moreover4.pursue5.desiredSection B1. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.1.balanced2.numerous3.acquire4.stand5.relevant2. Fill in the blanks with the given words or phrases.1.delicate2.cuisine3.hibernate4.spectaclepanion3. Read the passage and choose the best answer.1.C2.B3.A4.A5.DUnit 2 RelationshipSection A1. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.1.embarrassed2.limits3.identity4.absence5.quality2. Fill in the blanks with the given words or phrases.1.acquired2.occasions3.shrinking4.patience5.independence3. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.1.practices2.encouraged3.psychological4.generation5.responsibleSection B1. Complete the sentences with the given words in their proper forms.1.generosity2.equality3.stability4.ambitious5.possibilities2. Complete the sentence with the given words in their proper forms.1.reassuring2.unanimously3.meaningless4.adaptablefortable3. Read the passage and choose the best answer.1.C2.B3.D4.A5.DUnit 3 IdentitySection A1. Complete the sentence with the words or phrases in the box.1.faith2.traditional3.unique4.generation5.original2. Complete the sentences with the given words or phrases.1.flexibility2.artificial3.bitter4.imagined5.calculate3. Fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases.1.obviously2.gender3.definition4.global5.imitateSection B1. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1.achievement2.accurately3.psychological4.awareness5.diagnosis2. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.1.offensive2.satisfactory3.confusion4.perspective5.emotional3. Read the passage and choose the best answer.1.A2.C3.D4.B5.DUnit 4 CommunicationSection A1. Complete the sentences with the given words or phrases.1.phrase2.recognitionrmality4.positive5.misunderstandings2. Choose the words or phrases and complete the sentences.1.properly2.conflict3.supportive4.firmly5.impressively3. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1.efficiently2.contribution3.interaction4.awareness5.effectiveSection B1. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.1.summarize2.routine3.clarify4.emphasize5.version2. Choose the words or phrases and complete the sentences.1.associating2.frequently3.illustrating4.debate5.argumentative3. Read the passage and choose the best answer.1.D2.C3.B4.A5.DUnit 5 ConflictSection A1. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.1.confront2.arguments3.acceptable4.sensible5.refused2. Fill in the blanks with the given words in their proper forms.1.misunderstanding2.constructivepromise4.effective5.satisfy3. Read the passage and fill in the blanks with proper words.1.resolving2.cooperative3.escalate4.mutual5.emotionsSection B1. Complete the sentences with the given words or phrases.1.analyzedplicated3.refusal4.condition5.critical2. Fill in the blanks with the words or phrases in the box.1.criticized2.survive3.dramatically4.transformed5.rejected3. Read the passage and choose the best answer.1.D2.B3.A4.C5.DUnit 6 NatureSection A1. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.1.species2.ordinary3.contribute4.oxygen5.balance2. Fill in the blanks with proper words or phrases.1.coexist2.despite3.harvested4.benefits5.ultimately3. Choose the best answer to complete each sentence.1.D2.B3.C4.A5.DSection B1. Fill in the blanks with the given words or phrases.1.crucial2.survive3.behavior4.interaction5.diversity2. Read the passage and choose the best answer.1.C2.B3.D4.A5.C3. Complete the sentences with the words or phrases in the box.1.awareness2.stability3.resources4.balance5.sustainable。
新牛津译林版高中英语必修三Unit2NaturalDisasters-ExtendedReding
A. In the order of time. B. With the change of places. C. With the development of feelings. D. All above.
庞贝，意大利西南部的一座古罗 马城市，位于那不勒斯海湾，在 公元79年维苏威火山爆发时，被 火山灰掩埋。在1748年被重新发
Pompeii
现之前，它就像从未存在过一样 消失了。
Introduction
No Image
Fast-reading
Match the main idea of each paragraph
Careful-reading Read para. 5 and answer the question.
Which one is not referred to about its remains unearthed? A. Fresh walls B. Rich patterns of its floor
c. A huge cloud shot from the peak of the volcano, looking like a
huge tree of fire.
d. The earth began to shake and the sound of falling roofs could
be heard. e. The earthquake came.
新牛津译林版高中英语必修三 Unit 2 Extended Reading The last days of pompeii
Lead-in
2020译林版高中英语必修三课文翻译
UNIT 1 nature in the balanceLet us not, however, flatter ourselves overmuch on account of our human victories over nature. For each such victory nature takes its revenge on us. ——Friedrich Engels但是我们不要过分陶醉于我们人类对自然界的胜利。
对于每一次这样的胜利，自然界都对我们进行报复。
——弗里德里希·恩格斯Reading (P 2-3)The Amazon rainforest: a natural treasure 亚马逊雨林：自然宝藏Welcome to the jungle, a huge sea of green alive with the sounds of animals. This is the Amazon rainforest. As the largest rainforest in the world, it plays a significant role in maintaining the fine balance of the Earth’s ecosystem.欢迎来到丛林，这是一片绿色的海洋，处处可闻各种动物的声音。
这里是亚马逊雨林。
作为世界上最大的雨林，它在维系地球生态系统的微妙平衡上扮演着举足轻重的角色。
The Amazon rainforest crosses into eight countries, including Brazil and Peru, and one overseas region of France, all on the South American continent. With an area of around 6 million square kilometres , the Amazon rainforest is more than half the size of China. The Amazon River, from which the rainforest gets its name, is close to 6,400 kilometres in length—roughly 100 kilometres longer than the Yangtze River. On its journey from the mountains to the ocean, the river supports many different ecosystems. They give this area the richest biodiversity on the Earth: one in ten known species in the world can be found here.亚马逊雨林穿过包括巴西、秘鲁在内的八个国家，以及一块法国的海外领地，都位于南美洲大陆。
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D．All of the above.
话题美文欣赏
课前自主导学
考点难点易混点
2．The base of Old English is
.
A．Celtic
B．Anglo-Saxon C．the languages of Denmark and Norway D．Anglo-Saxon mixed with the languages of Denmark and Norway
B．Middle English started from about the 12th century and ended in the 15th century. C ． Only the English we are using today is Modern English.
话题美文欣赏
课前自主导学
考点难点易混点
3．Which of the following is true about the history of English? A ． The language used before the middle of the 5th
century is called Old English.
Unit 2 Language
话题美文欣赏
课前自主导学
考点难点易混点
Language learning begins with listening. Little children are greatly different in the amount of listening they do before
话题美文欣赏
课前自主导学
考点难点易混点
Any attempt to study the development from the noises babies make to their first spoken words leads to considerable
difficulties. It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and
话题美文欣赏
课前自主导学
考点难点易混点
Ⅰ.阅读理解(根据Reading内容选择答案)
1．What's the main reason for English's development?
A．The borrowing from other languages. B ． The mixing of different languages from different countries. C．The invasions.
they start speaking, and later starters are often long listeners.
Most children will “obey” spoken instructions some time before they can speak. Before they can speak, many children will also ask questions by gesture and by making questioning noises.
regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that
from about three months they play with sounds for
话题美文欣赏
课前自主导学
考点难点易混点
enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new
words to their store. This self-imitation leads on to deliberate
imitation of sounds made or words spoken to them by other people.
话题美文欣赏
课前自主导学
考点难点易混点
The meaning of a word depends on what a particular
that g the first few months one or two noises sort themselves as particularly expressive as delight, pain, friendliness, and so on. But since these can't be said to show the baby's international communication, they can hardly be
3．The use at seven months of “mama” is as a greeting only for his mother. ( )
答案
1.F
2.T
3.F
话题美文欣赏
课前自主导学
考点难点易混点
Unit 2 Language Section ⅠWelcome to the unit，Reading 课件（牛津版必修3）
time for his father, his dog, or anything else he likes.
话题美文欣赏
课前自主导学
考点难点易混点
判断正误(True or False)
1．Language learning comes from speaking.
(
)
2．By six months babies are able to add new words to their store. ( )
person means by it in a particular situation and it is clear that
what a child means by a word will change as he gains more experience of the world. Thus the use at seven months of “mama” as a greeting for his mother can't be dismissed as a meaningless sound simply because he also uses it at other