信息技术专业英语-第5章
电气工程及其自动化专业英语第五单元课件
New Words
central processing unit 中央处理单元
workstation
n. 工作站
mainframe
n. 主机，主机架
supercomputer
超级计算机
server 服务器
client 客户
microcomputer 微型计算机
desktop computer 台式计算机
译为：两台及以上的计算机和其它设备以共享数据和程序为目的连接在 一起可组成计算机网络。
Notes
[12]. One impressive simulation designed to run on a super computer tracked the movement of thousands of dust particles as they were tossed about by a tornado.
operating system 操作系统
Notes
[1]. Most people can formulate a mental picture of a computer, but computers do so many things and come in such a variety of shapes and sizes that it might seem difficult to distill their common characteristics into an all purpose definition.
formulate 是描绘的意思，come in 以…… 形式出现，distill 提取
译为：大多数人都能描绘一台计算机，但由于计算机能做许多事情，有 许多形状和规格，以至于人们难以提取其共同特征形成通用定义。
第五章 Auditor's Report《专业英语》PPT课件
[Para 2] An auditor's report is considered an essential tool when reporting financial information to users, particularly in business. Since many thirdparty users prefer, or even require financial information to be certified by an independent external auditor, many auditees rely on auditor reports to certify their information in order to attract investors, obtain loans, and improve public appearance. Some have even stated that financial information without an auditor's report is "essentially worthless" for investing purposes.
Detailed below: [Para 10] A Qualified Opinion report is issued
when the auditor encountered one of two types of situations which do not comply with generally accepted accounting principles, however the rest of the financial statements are fairly presented. This type of opinion is very similar to an unqualified or "clean opinion", but the report states that the financial statements are fairly presented with a certain exception which is otherwise misstated. The two types of situations which would cause an auditor to issue this opinion over the Unqualified opinion are:
chapter5-大数据专业英语教程-朱丹-清华大学出版社
Competitive advantage can be greatly improved by leveraging the right data. According a research report by McKinsey, the potential value from data in the US health care sector could be more than US $300 billion in value every year, two-thirds of which would be in the form of reducing national health care expenditures by approximately eight percent.
返回章重点 退出
当数据管理过程与企业战略相一致时，可以实现财务效益， 这时候可能就需要高层管理人员参与确定方向并监督重大 决策。
返回章重点 退出
Big data analytics can positively impact: Product development Market development Operational efficiency Customer experience and loyalty Market demand predictions
返回章重点 退出
利用正确的数据可以大大提高竞争优势。根据麦肯锡的研 究报告，美国医疗保健行业数据的潜在价值可能每年超过 3000亿美元，其中三分之二将可使国民医疗支出降低约 8%。
返回章重点 退出
Financial benefits can be realized when data management processes are aligned with the enterprise’s strategy, which may require top management involvement to set direction and oversee major decisions.
汽车专业英语第五章
燃油喷射系统燃料喷射系统的车辆上已使用了许多年。
最早的是纯粹的机械。
随着技术的进步，电子燃油喷射系统变得越来越受欢迎。
早期的机械和电控燃油喷射系统不使用反馈控制。
由于排放量成为更多的关注，反馈控制进行了调整，这两种类型的燃油喷射系统。
机械和电子燃油喷射系统，可以发现汽油发动机，柴油发动机是最常见的机械式系统，尽管这些发动机的新一代已经使用电子燃油喷射（EFI.)基本理论EFI使用米燃油输送称为喷油器电磁阀。
今天，大多数车辆使用1缸的喷油器。
当电磁线圈通电时，燃料喷雾到阀口。
由电动泵在约40 psi的高压燃料被输送到喷射器。
燃料输送控制由喷射器是由计算机循环。
计算机产生信号，以打开喷射器用于在一定的时间长度，根据通过传感器传递的发动机状况。
喷射器是打开的时间越长，喷射燃料。
随着发动机负荷和转速的增加，喷油器开启时间的增加，增加气流相匹配。
这台计算机的输出信号被称为喷射器脉冲宽度。
的脉冲宽度的时间越长，喷射燃料。
引擎需求标准火花点火式，4冲程发动机的需要，按照适当的比例混合燃料与进入的空气的高效率运作。
这一比例是13份的范围内的空气中，以1份燃料最佳的电源，15为1为最佳排放量和17〜1最佳经济。
大多数现代发动机旨在为约1,470至1比少将ority巡航和中等功率条件。
这是化学上的正确率，这导致最低的平均排放量和合理的功率。
丰富条件的特点是过量的燃料，精益条件的特点是空气过量或缺乏燃料。
随着转速的增加，在一定程度上，气流也增加和燃油流量必须增加，以配合它。
随着节气门开于一个给定的转速，气流增大到目标点，并再次，燃料流必须遵循气流。
燃油系统电喷燃油系统包括油箱，油泵，油轨，稳压器，喷油器和返回线。
来自燃料罐由泵压力40磅左右。
燃料压力控制由所述燃料压力调节器，燃油轨的一端位于出血回到油箱的燃料通过返回线路。
泵始终把过量的燃料，以便大量返回到坦克在怠速和低转速条件下，发动机需求的增加。
燃油轨本质上是一个管状燃料歧管设计进行燃料喷射器和进气歧管上，举行的地方。
《计算机专业英语》电子教案-第5章
5.1 OS Function The user interface function facilitates creation and use of appropriate computational structures by a user. This function typically involves the use of a command language or a menu.
5.1.1 Resource allocation and related functions
An OS can use a resource table as the central data structure allocation. The table contains an entry for each resource unit in the system. The entry contains the name or address of the resource unit and its present status, i.e. whether it is free or allocated to some program. When a program raises a request for a resource, the resource would be allocated to it if it is presently free. If many resource units of a resource class exist in the system, a resource request only indicates the resource class and the OS checks if any resource unit of that class is available for allocation.
专业英语词汇(信号与系统)
《信号与系统》专业术语中英文对照表第 1 章绪论信号（signal）系统（system）电压（voltage）电流（current）信息（information）电路（circuit）网络（network）确定性信号（determinate signal）随机信号（random signal）一维信号（one–dimensional signal）多维信号（multi–dimensional signal）连续时间信号（continuous time signal）离散时间信号（discrete time signal）取样信号（sampling signal）数字信号（digital signal）周期信号（periodic signal）非周期信号（nonperiodic（aperiodic）signal）能量（energy）功率（power）能量信号（energy signal）功率信号（power signal）平均功率（average power）平均能量（average energy）指数信号（exponential signal）时间常数（time constant）正弦信号（sine signal）余弦信号（cosine signal）振幅（amplitude）角频率（angular frequency）初相位（initial phase）周期（period）频率（frequency）欧拉公式（Euler’s formula）复指数信号（complex exponential signal）复频率（complex frequency）实部（real part）虚部（imaginary part）抽样函数Sa(t)（sampling（Sa）function）偶函数（even function）奇异函数（singularity function）- 奇异信号（singularity signal）单位斜变信号（unit ramp signal）斜率（slope）单位阶跃信号（unit step signal）符号函数（signum function）单位冲激信号（unit impulse signal）广义函数（generalized function）取样特性（sampling property）冲激偶信号（impulse doublet signal）奇函数（odd function）偶分量（even component）奇分量（odd component）正交函数（orthogonal function）正交函数集（set of orthogonal function）数学模型（mathematics model）电压源（voltage source）基尔霍夫电压定律（Kirchhoff’s voltage law（KVL））电流源（current source）连续时间系统（continuous time system）离散时间系统（discrete time system）微分方程（differential function）差分方程（difference function）线性系统（linear system）非线性系统（nonlinear system）时变系统（time–varying system）时不变系统（time–invariant system）集总参数系统（lumped–parameter system）分布参数系统（distributed–parameter system）偏微分方程（partial differential function）因果系统（causal system）非因果系统（noncausal system）因果信号（causal signal）叠加性（superposition property）均匀性（homogeneity）积分（integral）输入–输出描述法（input–output analysis）状态变量描述法（state variable analysis）单输入单输出系统（single–input and single–output system）状态方程（state equation）输出方程（output equation）多输入多输出系统（multi–input and multi–output system）时域分析法（time domain method）变换域分析法（transform domain method）卷积（convolution）傅里叶变换（Fourier transform）拉普拉斯变换（Laplace transform）- 第 2 章连续时间系统的时域分析齐次解（homogeneous solution）特解（particular solution）特征方程（characteristic function）特征根（characteristic root）固有（自由）解（natural solution）强迫解（forced solution）起始条件（original condition）初始条件（initial condition）自由响应（natural response）强迫响应（forced response）零输入响应（zero-input response）零状态响应（zero-state response）冲激响应（impulse response）阶跃响应（step response）卷积积分（convolution integral）交换律（exchange law）分配律（distribute law）结合律（combine law）第3 章傅里叶变换频谱（frequency spectrum）频域（frequency domain）三角形式的傅里叶级数（trigonomitric Fourier series）指数形式的傅里叶级数（exponential Fourier series）傅里叶系数（Fourier coefficient）直流分量（direct composition）基波分量（fundamental composition）n 次谐波分量（n th harmonic component）复振幅（complex amplitude）频谱图（spectrum plot（diagram））幅度谱（amplitude spectrum）相位谱（phase spectrum）包络（envelop）离散性（discrete property）谐波性（harmonic property）收敛性（convergence property）奇谐函数（odd harmonic function）吉伯斯现象（Gibbs phenomenon）周期矩形脉冲信号（periodic rectangular pulse signal）周期锯齿脉冲信号（periodic sawtooth pulse signal）周期三角脉冲信号（periodic triangular pulse signal）- 周期半波余弦信号（periodic half–cosine signal）周期全波余弦信号（periodic full–cosine signal）傅里叶逆变换（inverse Fourier transform）频谱密度函数（spectrum density function）单边指数信号（single–sided exponential signal）双边指数信号（two–sided exponential signal）对称矩形脉冲信号（symmetry rectangular pulse signal）线性（linearity）对称性（symmetry）对偶性（duality）位移特性（shifting）时移特性（time–shifting）频移特性（frequency–shifting）调制定理（modulation theorem）调制（modulation）解调（demodulation）变频（frequency conversion）尺度变换特性（scaling）微分与积分特性（differentiation and integration）时域微分特性（differentiation in the time domain）时域积分特性（integration in the time domain）频域微分特性（differentiation in the frequency domain）频域积分特性（integration in the frequency domain）卷积定理（convolution theorem）时域卷积定理（convolution theorem in the time domain）频域卷积定理（convolution theorem in the frequency domain）取样信号（sampling signal）矩形脉冲取样（rectangular pulse sampling）自然取样（nature sampling）冲激取样（impulse sampling）理想取样（ideal sampling）取样定理（sampling theorem）调制信号（modulation signal）载波信号（carrier signal）已调制信号（modulated signal）模拟调制（analog modulation）数字调制（digital modulation）连续波调制（continuous wave modulation）脉冲调制（pulse modulation）幅度调制（amplitude modulation）频率调制（frequency modulation）相位调制（phase modulation）角度调制（angle modulation）频分多路复用（frequency–division multiplex（FDM））时分多路复用（time–division multiplex（TDM））相干（同步）解调（synchronous detection）- 本地载波（local carrier）系统函数（system function）网络函数（network function）频响特性（frequency response）幅频特性（amplitude frequency response）相频特性（phase frequency response）无失真传输（distortionless transmission）理想低通滤波器（ideal low–pass filter）截止频率（cutoff frequency）正弦积分（sine integral）上升时间（rise time）窗函数（window function）理想带通滤波器（ideal band–pass filter）第 4 章拉普拉斯变换代数方程（algebraic equation）双边拉普拉斯变换（two-sided Laplace transform）双边拉普拉斯逆变换（inverse two-sided Laplace transform）单边拉普拉斯变换（single-sided Laplace transform）拉普拉斯逆变换（inverse Laplace transform）收敛域（region of convergence（ROC））延时特性（time delay）s 域平移特性（shifting in the s-domain）s 域微分特性（differentiation in the s-domain）s 域积分特性（integration in the s-domain）初值定理（initial-value theorem）终值定理（expiration-value）复频域卷积定理（convolution theorem in the complex frequency domain）部分分式展开法（partial fraction expansion）留数法（residue method）第 5 章策动点函数（driving function）转移函数（transfer function）极点（pole）零点（zero）零极点图（zero-pole plot）暂态响应（transient response）稳态响应（stable response）稳定系统（stable system）一阶系统（first order system）高通滤波网络（high-low filter）低通滤波网络（low-pass filter）- 二阶系统（second system）最小相移系统（minimum-phase system）维纳滤波器（Winner filter）卡尔曼滤波器（Kalman filter）低通（low-pass）高通（high-pass）带通（band-pass）带阻（band-stop）有源（active）无源（passive）模拟（analog）数字（digital）通带（pass-band）阻带（stop-band）佩利－维纳准则（Paley-Winner criterion）最佳逼近（optimum approximation）过渡带（transition-band）通带公差带（tolerance band）巴特沃兹滤波器（Butterworth filter）切比雪夫滤波器（Chebyshew filter）方框图（block diagram）信号流图（signal flow graph）节点（node）支路（branch）输入节点（source node）输出节点（sink node）混合节点（mix node）通路（path）开通路（open path）闭通路（close path）环路（loop）自环路（self-loop）环路增益（loop gain）不接触环路（disconnect loop）前向通路（forward path）前向通路增益（forward path gain）梅森公式（Mason formula）劳斯准则（Routh criterion）第 6 章数字系统（digital system）数字信号处理（digital signal processing）差分方程（difference equation）单位样值响应（unit sample response）卷积和（convolution sum）- Z 变换（Z transform）序列（sequence）样值（sample）单位样值信号（unit sample signal）单位阶跃序列（unit step sequence）矩形序列(rectangular sequence)单边实指数序列（single sided real exponential sequence）单边正弦序列（single sided exponential sequence）斜边序列（ramp sequence）复指数序列（complex exponential sequence）线性时不变离散系统（linear time-invariant discrete-time system）常系数线性差分方程（linear constant-coefficient difference equation）后向差分方程（backward difference equation）前向差分方程（forward difference equation）海诺塔（Tower of Hanoi）菲波纳西（Fibonacci）冲激函数串（impulse train）第7 章数字滤波器（digital filter）单边Z 变换（single-sided Z transform）双边Z 变换(two-sided (bilateral) Z transform)幂级数（power series）收敛（convergence）有界序列（limitary-amplitude sequence）正项级数（positive series）有限长序列（limitary-duration sequence）右边序列（right-sided sequence）左边序列（left-sided sequence）双边序列（two-sided sequence）Z 逆变换（inverse Z transform）围线积分法（contour integral method）幂级数展开法（power series expansion）z 域微分（differentiation in the z-domain）序列指数加权（multiplication by an exponential sequence）z 域卷积定理（z-domain convolution theorem）帕斯瓦尔定理（Parseval theorem）传输函数（transfer function）序列的傅里叶变换（discrete-time Fourier transform：DTFT）序列的傅里叶逆变换（inverse discrete-time Fourier transform：IDTFT）幅度响应（magnitude response）相位响应（phase response）量化（quantization）编码（coding）模数变换（A/D 变换：analog-to-digital conversion）- 数模变换（D/A 变换：digital-to- analog conversion）第8 章端口分析法（port analysis）状态变量（state variable）无记忆系统（memoryless system）有记忆系统（memory system）矢量矩阵（vector-matrix ）常量矩阵（constant matrix ）输入矢量（input vector）输出矢量（output vector）直接法（direct method）间接法（indirect method）状态转移矩阵（state transition matrix）系统函数矩阵（system function matrix）冲激响应矩阵（impulse response matrix）朱里准则（July criterion）。
电子信息专业英语第5章
Notes to the text
1. The various families of digital logic devices, usually integrated circuits, perform a variety of logic functions through logic gates, including“OR”，“AND”，and“NOT”，and combinations of these (such as“NOR”，which includes both OR and NOT). 不同系列的数字逻辑器件(通常是集成电路)通过逻辑门 电路来执行各种不同的逻辑功能，这些门电路包括或门、 与门和非门，以及它们的各种组合(例如或非门是由或门和 非门组成的)。句中，“usually integrated circuits”为插入语； “including “OR”，“AND”，and“NOT”，and…”为现在分
Unit 5 Digital Logic Circuit
perform a variety of logic functions through logic gates,
including“OR”, “AND”, and“NOT”, and combinations of these (such as“NOR”, which includes both OR and NOT). One widely used logic family is the transistor-transistor logic (TTL). Another family is the complementary metal oxide semiconductor logic (CMOS), which performs similar functions at very low power levels but at slightly lower operating speeds.
计算机专业英语 考试词汇
第1章Introduction to the Digital Computer数字计算机：digital computer数据处理系统：data processing system程序设计：programming程序语句：statement真空管：vacuum-tube晶体管：transistor电子线路：electronic circuitry集成电路：IC integrated circuit大规模集成电路：LSI large scale integration 或者large scale integrated circuit开关：switch计算：computation变量：variable算法：algorithm信息技术：information technology程序设计语言：programming language数据库：database操作系统：operating system软件工程：software engineering编译程序：compiler编辑程序：editor加法器：adder计数器：counter计算机网络：computer network人机接口：human-computer interface增加：insert删除：delete更新：update检索：retrieval软件：software硬件：hardware外部设备：peripheral输入设备：input unit输出设备：output unit存储器：memory unit中央处理器：CPU central processing unit键盘：keyboard视频显示终端：video display terminal主存储器：main memory辅助存储器：auxiliary memory内部存储器：internal memory外部存储器：external memory 半导体：semiconductor磁鼓：magnetic drum磁盘：magnetic disk磁带：magnetic tape软盘：floppy disk硬盘：hard disk通用计算机：general-purpose computer专用计算机：special-purpose computer算数逻辑单元：ALU arithmetic and logic unit 寄存器：register随机访问存储器：RAM random-access memory只读存储器：ROM read-only memory应用软件：application software系统软件：system software公共总线：common bus时钟脉冲：clock pulse最高有效位：most significant bits最低有效位：least significant bits第2章Basic Digital-Logic Devices逻辑门电路：logic gates微处理器：microprocessor真值表：truth table补码：complement波形：waveform电位：potential运算器：operator组合逻辑：combinatorial logic晶体管晶体管逻辑电路：TTL transistor-transistor logic推拉输出电路：totem-pole output门控锁存器：gated latch选通脉冲：strobe反相器：inverter组合电路：combinational circuit 布尔函数：Boolean function译码器：decoder触发器：flip-flop低电平有效：active-low高电平有效：active-high边沿触发型触发器：edged-triggered flip-flop 凹陷电平、门槛电平：threshold level上升沿：rising edge下降沿：falling edge移位寄存器：shift register双向移位寄存器：bi-directional shift register 并行传送：parallel transfer二进制计数器：binary counter正反馈：positive feedback 负反馈：negative feedback第3章Programming the Computer机器指令：machine instructions二进制代码：binary code八进制代码：octal code十六进制代码：hexadecimal code符号代码：symbolic code汇编程序：assembler编译程序：compiler面向用户的：user-oriented面向问题的：problem-oriented操作数：operand汇编语言指令：assembly language instructions微处理器：microprocessor机器代码：machine code源程序：source code操作码：opcode助记符：mnemonic累加器：accumulator源操作数：source operand目的操作数：destination operand注释：comment寻址方式：addressing mode直接寻址：direct addressing间接寻址：indirect addressing存储器有效地址：EA effective memory address 偏移量：offset索引、变址：index指针寄存器：pointer register变址寄存器：index register基址寄存器：base register基址指针寄存器：base pointer register目的变址寄存器：destination index register 源变址寄存器：source index register精简指令集计算机：RISC reducedinstruction set computer流水线：pipeline结构化语言：structured language程序块结构：block structure块结构语言：block structure language面向问题的程序设计语言：problem orientedprogramming language面向机器的程序设计语言：machine oriented programming language类：class继承：inheritance对象：object人工智能：artificial intelligence封装：encapsulation多态性：polymorphism域名：domain name系统管理员：system administrator第4章The Computer Memory通用计算机：general-purpose computers主存：main memory辅存：auxiliary memory高速缓冲存储器：cache memory随机访问存储器：RAM random accessmemory只读存储器：ROM read-only memory存储单元：memory cell常量：constant数组、矩阵：array可编程只读存储器：PROM programmable read-only memory可擦除可编程只读存储器：EPROM erasable programmable read-only memory电可擦除可编程只读存储器：EEPROM electrically erasable programmable read-only memory半导体集成电路：semiconductor integrated circuit电容器：capacitor 放电：discharge引导装入模块：bootstrap loader初始化程序：initial program金属氧化物半导体：MOS metal oxide semiconductor多道程序设计：multiprogramming重定位：relocation软盘：floppy disk磁泡存储器：magnetic bubble memory软扇区磁盘：soft-sectored disk硬扇区磁盘：hard-sectored disk磁道：track柱面：cylinder固件：firmware虚拟地址：virtual address地址空间：address space物理地址：physical address存储空间：memory space磁盘操作系统：DOS disk operating system第5章Input/Output Devices监视器：monitor点距：dot pitch电子枪：electron gun荧光体：phosphor阴极射线管：CRT cathode ray tube分辨率：resolution视频信号：video signal带宽：bandwidth用户手册：owner’s manual软拷贝：softcopy硬拷贝：hardcopy显微胶片：microfilm光栅、扫描线：raster象素：pixel垂直分辨率：vertical resolution水平分辨率：horizontal resolution彩色图形适配器：CGA color graphics adapter增强型图形适配器：EGA extended graphics adapter主板：motherboard位映射图像：bit-mapped graphics字符映射显示：character-mapped display液晶显示器：LCD liquid crystal display 触摸屏：touch panel图标：icon发光二极管：LED light-emitting diode坐标：coordinate打字机：typewriter控制台：console远程终端：remote terminal大写字符：uppercase小写字符：lowercase电阻器：resistor鼠标：mouse光标：cursor鼠标垫：mouse pad计算机辅助设计：CAD computer aided design报文交换：message-switching矩阵：matrix激光打印机：laser printer静电：static electricity非击打式打印机：nonimpact printers桌面排版系统：desktop publishing光学字符识别：optical character recognition 通用串行总线：universal serial bus数码相机：digital camera第6章Software engineering软件工程：software engineering程序流程图：program flowchart高内聚：highly cohesive低耦合：loosely coupled软件过程：software process结构化程序设计：structured programming自顶向下程序设计：top-down design结构化普查：structured walkthroughs第7章Operating System操作系统：operating system低级语言：low level language高级语言：high level language数据结构：data structure目录：directory属性：attribute进程：process栈指针：stack pointer磁芯映像、内存映像：core image图形用户界面：GUI graphical user interface工作站：workstation服务器：server传输控制协议：TCP Transmission Control Protocol网络互联协议：IP Internet Protocol第五章Input/Output Devices光学字符识别：OCR optical character recognition通用串行总线：USB universal serial bus数码相机：digital camera像素：pixel扫描仪：scanner液晶显示器：LCD Liquid Crystal Display第六章Software engineering软件工程：software engineering程序流程图：program flowchart高内聚：highly cohesive低耦合：loosely coupled软件过程：software process结构化程序设计：structured programming自顶向下程序设计：top-down design结构化普查：structured walkthroughs第七章Operating System操作系统：operating system低级语言：low level language高级语言：high level language数据结构：data structure检查和：checksum目录：directory属性：attribute进程：process栈指针：stack pointer磁芯映像、内存映像：core image图形用户界面：GUI graphical user interface工作站：workstation服务器：server传输控制协议：TCP Transmission Control Protocol网络互联协议：IP Internet Protocol快捷键：shortcut key第八章Computer Networks全双工异步通信：full duplex asynchronous communication全双工：full duplex电流：electric current双绞线：twisted pair wiring调制解调器：modem信号损失：signal loss载波：carrier wave调制：modulation解调：demodulation光纤：optical fiber调幅：amplitude modulation调频：frequency modulation同轴电缆：coaxial cable网络接口卡：NIC network interface card帧格式：frame format拨号：dialup呼叫模式：calling mode应答模式：answer mode面向字符的：character-oriented网络分析器：network analyzer载波监听多重访问：CSMA carrier sense with multiple access 令牌环网：token ring network网络流量：network traffic随机模式：promiscuous mode星型拓扑结构：star topology环型拓扑结构：ring topology总线型拓扑结构：bus topology印刷电路板：printed circuit board校验和：checksum中继器：repeater桥接器：bridge交换机：switch集线器：hub路由器：router客户端：client服务器：server域名系统：DNS domain name system电子邮件：E-mail electronic mail第九章Computer Applications标题栏：title bar下拉菜单：pull-down menu菜单条：menu bar工具条：tool bar格式条：format bar快捷键：shortcut key文本区：text area滚动条：scroll bar视图图标：view icon状态栏：status bar工作窗口：active window对话框：dialog box文本框：text box命令按钮：command button列表框：list box单选按钮：radio button复选框：check box关系型数据库：relational database层次型数据库：hierarchical database网状数据库：network database数据库管理系统：DBMS database management system 实体-关系：ER entity-relationship虚拟现实：virtual reality地理信息系统：GIS geographic information system扩展名：extension计算机辅助设计：CAD computer aided design 模型空间：model space纸张空间：paper space工业机器人：industrial robot内置的：built-in传感器：sensor限位开关：limit switch电机启动器：motor starter固态继电器：solid-state relay指示灯：indicator light梯形图程序：ladder program。
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第 五 章
English for Information Technology
Chapter 5. Internet of Things
Passage A. An Introduction of the Internet of Things 1. Lead in 2. Passage A (Text, Words and Phrases, Notes, Chinese Version) 3. Exercises (Exercise 1, Exercise 2, Exercise 3, Exercise 4, Exercise 5, Exercise 6)
2006-2008: Recognition by the EU, and the First European IoT conference is held.
On Jan 23, 2009, IBM Smart Planet，Obama responded to the concept of “Smart Planet” put forward for the first time by IBM CEO Sam Palmisano that the IoT technology is the way that the United States can maintain and regain the competitive advantage in the 21st century.
2005: The IoT hit another level when the UN‟s ITU published its first report on the topic ITU Internet Report 2005：Internet of Things on the WSIS(World Summit On Information Society) in Tunisia.
Passage B. The Application of the Internet of Things 1. Guided Reading 2. Passage B (Text, Words and Phrases, Notes, Chinese Version)
1. Lead in The Internet of Things (IoT) is increasing the connectedness of people and things on a scale that once was unimaginable. Connected devices outnumber the world's population by 1.5 to 1. The pace of IoT market adoption is accelerating because of: • Growth in analytics and cloud computing
• Increasing interconnectivity of machines and personal smart devices • The proliferation of applications connecting supply chains, partners, and customers The developing history of IoT
2008-2009: The Internet of Things was “Born”. 2010: Chinese Premier Wen Jiabao calls the IoT a key industry for China and has plans to make major investments in it. 2011：IPV6 public launch.
The Internet of Things
Since the founders of the Auto-ID Center coined the term “Internet of Things”, it has widely been used by researchers and practitioners to describe the combination of the real world with the virtual world of information technology by means of automatic identification technologies, realtime locating systems, sensors and actuators.
1999: The concept of The Internet of Things was put forward：Foundation of Auto-ID center of MIT (RFID technology) 2000: Starting off what is now becoming a meme, LG announces its first Internet refrigerator plans. 2003-2004：The term is mentioned in mainstream publications like The Guardian, Scientific American and the Boston Globe. SUN article: Toward a Global “Internet of Things”
The Internet of Things The term Internet of Things first came to attention when the Auto-ID Center launched their initial vision of the EPC network for automatically identifying and tracing the flow of goods in supply-chains, in Chicago in September 2003. Whereas the first mention of “Internet of Things” appears in an Auto-ID Center paper about the Electronic Product Code by David Brock in 2001.