etxikuk中国_人民大学-大学英语四级-2008期末考试试卷2

^| You have to believe, there is a way. The ancients said:" the kingdom of heaven is trying to enter". Only when the reluctant step by step to go to it 's time, must be managed to get one step down, only have struggled to achieve it.-- Guo Ge Tech中国人民大学外国语学院大学英语部2006级2007-2008-2大学英语四级课程期末考试 A卷2008-06Part I Writing (30 minutes)Directions: For this part, you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay entitled To get along with your roommates. You should write at least 120 words following the outline givenbelow in Chinese.1.室友之间的冲突在校园里时常发生。

2.冲突的主要原因。

3.室友之间如何和睦相处。

Part II Reading Comprehension (Skimming and Scanning) (12 minutes)Directions: In this part, you will have 15 minutes to go over the passage quickly and answer the questions on Answer sheet 1.For questions 1-7, markY (for YES) if the statement agrees with the information given in the passage;N (for NO)if the statement contradicts the information given in the passage;NG (for NOT GIVEN) if the information is not given in the passage.For questions 8-10, complete the sentences with the information given in the passage.A mobile phone is an electronic telecommunications device. Most current mobile phones connect to a cellular network of base stations, which is in turn interconnected to the public switched telephone network (PSTN) (the exception are satellite phones). Cellular networks were first introduced in the early to mid l980s. Prior mobile phones operating without a cellular network, such as Mobile Telephone Service, dated back to 1946. Until the mid to late l980s, most mobile phones were so large that they were often permanently installed in vehicles as car phones. With the advance of smaller phones, currently the vast majority of mobile phones are hand-held. In addition to the standard voice function of a telephone, a mobile phone can support many additional services such as text messaging, access to the Internet, and sending and receiving photos and video.Worldwide UsePictures of the “portable phone of the future” from a mid-1960s Bell System advertisement show a device not too different from today’s mobile telephones.Radio phones have a long and varied history that stretches back to the l950s, with hand-heldcellular radio devices being available since l983. Due to their low establishment costs, mobile phone networks have since spread rapidly throughout the world, exceeding the growth of fixed telephones.In most of Europe, wealthier parts of Asia, Africa, the Caribbean, Latin America, Australia, Canada, and the United States, mobile phones are now widely used, with the majority of the adult, teenage, and even child population owning one. At present, India and China have the largest growth rates of mobile phone users in the world. The availability of prepaid or “pay as you go” services, where the user does not have to commit to a long-term contract, has helped fuel this growth on a large scale.The mobile phone has become popular everywhere because it can be used across different networks and countries. This is due to the equipment manufacturers working to meet one of a few standards, particularly the GSM standard that was designed for Europe-wide use. All European nations and most Asian and African nations adopted it as their sole standard．In other countries, such as the United States, Australia, Japan, and South Korea, legislation does not require any particular standard, and GSM coexists with other standards, such as CDMA.Mobile Phone Culture and CustomsIn less than 20 years, mobile phones have gone from being rare and expensive pieces to equipment used by businesses to widespread and low-cost personal items. In many countries, mobile phones now outnumber land-line telephones, with most adults and many children now owning mobile phones. It is not uncommon for young adults to simply own a mobile phone instead of a land-line for their residence. In some developing countries, where there is little existing fixed line infrastructure, the mobile phone has become widespread. The U.K. now has more mobile phones than people.With high levels of mobile telephone penetration, a mobile culture has evolved, where the phone becomes a key social tool, and people rely on their mobile phone address book to keep in touch with their friends. Many people keep in touch using the message service on their mobile phones, and a whole culture of “texting”has developed from this. The commercial market in texting is growing. Many phones even offer Instant Messenger services to increase the simplicity and ease of texting on phones. Mobile phones in Japan, offering Internet capabilities, offer text messaging via standard email.The mobile phone itself has also become a fashion object, with users decorating and customizing their mobile phones to reflect their personality. This has emerged as its own industry. The sale of commercial ringtones exceeded $2.5 billion in 2004 .Mobile phone etiquette has become an important issue with mobiles ringing at funerals, weddings, movies, and plays．Users often speak at increased volume which has led to places like bookshops, libraries, movie theaters, doctor’s offices, and houses of worship posting signs prohibiting the use of mobile phones, and in some places, installing signal jamming equipment to prevent usage of mobile phones. Transportation providers, particularly those providing long-distance services, offer a “quiet car”where phone use is prohibited. Mobile phone use on aircraft is also prohibited, but because of concerns of possible interference with aircraft radio communications.Camera phones and videophones that can capture video and take photographs are increasingly being used to cover breaking news. Stories like the London Bombings and the Indian Ocean Tsunami have been reported on by camera phone users on photo sharing sites.In Japan, mobile phone companies provide immediate notification of earthquakes and other natural disasters to their customers free of charge. In the event of an emergency, disaster response crews can locate the trapped or injured people using the signals from their mobile phones; an interactive menu accessible through the phone’s Internet browser notifies the company whether the user is safe or in distress.Health ControversyAs with many new technologies, concerns have arisen about the effects on health from using a mobile telephone. There is a small amount of scientific evidence for an increase in certain types of rare cancers developing in long-time, heavy users. More recently, a pan-European study provided significant evidence of genetic damage under certain conditions．Some researchers also report the mobile phone industry has interfered with further research on health risks. So far, however, the World Health Organization is unsure about the effects of mobile phone use on health and has no definite conclusion on this issue. It is generally thought, however, that mobile phone use is incapable of producing any serious effects. In other words, it lacks the energy to cause genetic problems.Driving ControversyAnother controversial but more lethal health concern is the correlation with road traffic accidents. Several studies have shown that motorists have a much higher risk of collisions and losing control of the vehicle while talking on the mobile phone at the same time as driving, even when using “hands-free” systems. A study in The New England Journal of Medicine reports that drivers who used mobile phones while driving were four times mole likely to crash than those who didn’t, a rate equal to that for drunken driving at the 0.01 g／dL blood alcohol concentration level．An experiment conducted by the American television show MythBusters concluded that use of mobile phones while driving poses the same risk as someone operating a vehicle while under the influence of alcohol．Accidents involving a driver being distracted by talking on a mobile phone have begun to be handled by courts as criminal, similar to driving while under the influence of alcoho1. At least 25 countries restrict or prohibit the use of cellphones and other wireless technology while driving.Restrictive legislation has been proposed in 40 states in the U.S., but only New York State, Connecticut, New Jersey, and Washington, D.C. have passed laws regarding cellphone use while driving.1. This passage is mostly about public switched telephone network and other technologies thatmake mobile phones popular.2. Even until the mid to late l980s, most mobile phones were not hand-held.3. Nowadays, Australia, Canada and the United States have the largest growth rates of mobile phone users in the world.4. In the United States, Japan, and South Korea, legislation requires a particular standard designed for mobile phone use.5. Infrastructure is a factor that makes mobile phone use not so popular as it would be otherwise in developing countries.6. Mobile phone users decorate their mobile phones to show their personality as the phones themselves are considered fashion objects.7. The use of mobile phones will be prohibited at funerals, weddings, movies and plays.8. The use of camera phones and videophones to cover ________________is on the rise.9. It is generally thought that a mobile phone is not able to produce any serious effects, such as ____________________.10. In some countries, talking on a mobile phone while driving is already regarded as a similarcriminal to driving while under _____________________________.Part III Listening Comprehension (35 minutes)Section ADirection:In this section, you will hear 8 short conversations and 2 long conversations. At the end of each conversation, one or more questions will be asked about what was said. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After each question there will be a pause. During the pause, you must read the four choices marked A), B), C) and D), and decide which is the best answer. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.11. A) Passenger and bus conductor B) Doctor and patientC) Shopkeeper and customer D) Daughter and father12. A) The man knows the committee well.B) The man and the woman are friends.C) The woman would like to work there.D) The man thinks the woman should work on this committee.13. A) It’s interesting. B) It turned out to be easy.C) It’s hard to judge. D) It’s quite difficult.14. A) The woman went to Spense r’s yesterday.B) The woman’s aunt is called Spenser.C) The woman had been in the big sale.D) The woman would like to go to the big sales.15. A) She doesn’t understand how Judy got her job.B) She’s surprised Judy is working in management.C) She thinks Judy never should have taken a computer course.D) She wonders how Judy does so many things.16. A) No, it’s open only to teachers and postgraduates.B) Yes, but he needs the approval of his professor.C) Yes, because he is a senior student.D) Yes, he can study there if he is writing a research paper.17. A) Their parents cut back the loan.B) They can’t pay the rent this month.C) The woman doesn’t want Frank to take another English course.D) The woman’s boss refused to give her a rise.18. A) The man mistook her for someone else.B) The man must have got wrong information.C) The man got the news from someone else.D) She is still waiting to hear good news from the man.Questions 19 to 22 are based on the conversation you have just heard.19. A) The speed of lightB) The speed of telecommunicationsC) Astronauts landing on the moonD) The United States20. A) Telecommunications B) SoccerC) War D) Watching television21. A) It’s right B) It’s wrongC) It’s awful D) It’s a fact22. A) Mary is troubled.B) Mary based her opinions on facts.C) Mary looks at the facts.D) Mary only sees what she wants to see.Questions 23 to 25 are based on the conversation you have just heard.23. A) Because she wanted a job as a waitressB) Because King Hotel dining-room was closing downC) Because she wanted more time to studyD) Because her pay was too low24. A) At weekends B) On weekdaysC) Late in the week D) On Thursdays25. A) The manager would contact her on May 1st.B) Linda Brown got the job.C) The manager promised her a pay rise.D) She was able to enter the university.Section BDirections:In this section, you will hear 3 short passages. At the end of each passage, you will hear some questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question, you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.Passage OneQuestions 26 to 28 are based on the passage you have just heard.26. A) Better land B) Quick WealthC) Modern equipment D) Stricter laws27. A) Industrialized B) LawlessC) Religious D) Traditional28. A) Saving people’s livesB) Teaching some survival skillsC) Showing people how to hunt for goldD) Selling some mining tools and suppliesPassage TwoQuestions 29 to 31 are based on the passage you have just heard.29. A) To do as much as you can.B) To do only what is necessaryC) To act only what is necessaryD) To do what is necessary as carefully and quickly as possible30. A) Leave him lying where he isB) Do as much as you can to save themC) Put his arms and legs in placeD) Roll him up in a blanket31. A) Stop the flow of blood if the person is bleedingB) Perform the operation whenever necessaryC) Do artificial respiration if the person has stopped breathingD) Do the best you can until a doctor arrivesPassage ThreeQuestions 32 to 35 are based on the passage you have just heard.32. A) Dates and names that cannot be verifiedB) Unusual works of artC) Articles written by previous historiansD) Significant events and influential people33. A) They are few in number.B) They depict important historical eventsC) They provide a lot of information about ordinary people.D) They have clues about the social role of artists.34. A) Their playthings B) Some moneyC) Their relatives’ hands D) Their shoes35. A) The location of the houseB) The social and economic status of the familyC) The types of games children playedD) The profession of the owner of the houseSection CDirections:In this section, you will hear a passage three times. When the passage is read for the first time, you should listen carefully for its general idea. When the passage is read for the second time, you are required to fill in the blanks numbered from 36 to 43 with the exact words you have just heard. For blanks numbered from 44 to 46 you are required to fill in the missing information. For these blanks, you can either use the exact words you have just heard or write down the main points in your own words. Finally, when the passage is read for the third time, you should check what you have written.In most cases, technology has not saved time, but enabled us to do more things. In the home, washing machines (36)__________ to free women from having to toil over the (37)__________. In reality, they encouraged us to change our clothes daily instead of weekly, creating seven times as much washing and ironing. (38)___________, the weekly bath has been (39)_________ by the daily shower, (40)___________ the hours spent on personal grooming.Meanwhile, technology has not only allowed work to spread into our (41)__________ time ―the “laptop-on-the-beach syndrome”― but (42)__________ the new burden of dealing with faxes, e-mails and voicemails. It has also provided us with the (43)__________ to spend hours fixing software glitches on our personal computers or filling our heads with useless information from the Internet.Technology apart, (44)_________________________________________.There is another reason for our increased time stress levels: rising prosperity. As ever-larger quantities of goods and services are produced, they have to be consumed. Driven on by advertising, we do our best to oblige: (45)____________________________________________________________. So we suffer from what Wilson calls discontent with super abundance ― the confusion of endless choice. In fact, not everyone is overstressed.(46)__________________________________________________________. The stress we feel arises not from a shortage of time, but from the surfeit of things we try to cram into it.Part IV Reading Comprehension (Reading in Depth) (20 minutes)Directions:There are 2 passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 2with a single line through the center.Passage OneQuestions 47 to 51 are based on the following passage.Americans are proud of their variety and individuality, yet they love and respect few things more than a uniform, whether it is the uniform of an elevator operator or the uniform of a five-star general. Why are uniforms so popular in the United States?Among the arguments for uniforms, one of the first is that in the eyes of most people they look more professional than civilian (百姓的) clothes. People have become conditioned to expect superior quality from a man who wears a uniform. The television repairman who wears a uniform tends to inspire more trust than one who appears in civilian clothes. Faith in the skill of a garage mechanic is increased by a uniform. What easier way is there for a nurse, a policeman, a barber, or a waiter to lose professional identity (身份) than to step out of uniform?Uniforms also have many practical benefits. They save on other clothes. They save on laundry bills. They are tax-deductible (可减税的). They are often more comfortable and more durable than civilian clothes.Primary among the arguments against uniforms is their lack of variety and the consequent loss of individuality experienced by people who must wear them. Though there are many types of uniforms, the wearer of any particular type is generally stuck with it, without change, until retirement. When people look alike, they tend to think, speak, and act similarly, on the job at least.Uniforms also give rise to some practical problems. Though they are long-lasting, often their initial expense is greater than the cost of civilian clothes. Some uniforms are also expensive to maintain, requiring professional dry cleaning rather than the home laundering possible with many types of civilian clothes.47. It is surprising that Americans who worship variety and individuality __________.A) still judge a man by his clothesB) hold the uniform in such high regardC) enjoy having a professional identityD) will respect an elevator operator as much as a general in uniform48. People are accustomed to thinking that a man in uniform__________.A) suggests quality workB) discards his social identityC) appears to be more practicalD) looks superior to a person in civilian clothes49. The chief function of a uniform is to _________.A) provide practical benefits to the wearerB) make the wearer catch the public eyeC) inspire the wearer's confidence in himselfD) provide the wearer with a professional identity50. According to the passage, people wearing uniforms _________.A) are usually helpfulB) have little or no individual freedomC) tend to lose their individualityD) enjoy greater popularity51. The best title for this passage would be _________.A) Uniforms and SocietyB) The Importance of Wearing a UniformC) Practical Benefits of Wearing a UniformD) Advantages and Disadvantages of UniformsPassage TwoQuestions 52 to 56 are based on the following passage.I don’t ever want to talk about being a woman scientist again. There was a time in my life when people asked constantly for stories about what it’s like to work in a field dominated by men.I was never very good at telling those stories because truthfully I never found them interesting. What I do find interesting is the origin of the universe, the shape of space-time and the nature of black holes.At 19, when I began studying astrophysics, it did not bother me in the least to be the only woman in the classroom. But while earning my Ph.D. at MIT and then as a post-doctor doing space research, the issue started to bother me. My every achievement –jobs, research papers, awards – was viewed through the lens of gender politics. So were my failures. Sometimes, when I was pushed into an argument on left brain versus right brain, or nature versus nurture, I would instantly fight fiercely on my behalf and all womankind.Then one day a few years ago, out of my mouth came a sentence that would eventually become my reply to any and all provocations: I don’t talk about that anymore. It took me 10 years to get back the confidence I had at 19 and to realize that I didn’t want to deal with gender issues. Why should curing sexism be yet another terrible burden on every female scientist? After all, I don’t study sociology or political theory.Today I research and teach at Barnard, a women’s college in New York City. Recently, someone asked me how many of the 45 students in my class were women. You cannot imagine my satisfaction at being able to answer, 45. I know some of my student worry how they will manage their scientific research and a desire for children. And I don’t dismiss those concerns. Still, I don’t tell them “war”stories. Instead, I have given them this: the visual of their physics professor heavily pregnant doing physics experiments. And in turn they have given me the image of 45 women driven by a love of science. And that’s a sight worth talking about.52.Why doesn’t the author want to talk about being a woman scientist again?A)She feels unhappy working in male-dominated fields.B)She is fed up with the issue of gender discrimination.C)She is not good at telling stories of the kind.D)She finds space research more important.53. From Paragraph 2, we can infer that people would attribute the author’s failures to ___ .A)the very fact that she is a womanB)her involvement in gender politicsC)her over-confidence as a female astrophysicistD)the burden she bears in a male-dominated society54.What did the author constantly fight against while doing her Ph.D. and post-doctoralresearch?A)Lack of confidence in succeeding in space science.B)Unfair accusations from both inside and outside her circle.C)People’s stereotyped attitude toward female scientists.D)Widespread misconceptions about nature and nurture.55.Why does the author feel great satisfaction when talking about her class?A)Female students no longer have to bother about gender issues.B)Her students’ performance has brought back her confidence.C)Her female students can do just as well as male students.D)More female students are pursuing science than before.56.What does the image the author presents to her students suggest?A)Women students needn’t have the concerns of her generation.B)Women have more barriers on their way to academic success.C)Women can balance a career in science and having a family.D)Women now have fewer problems pursuing a science career.Part V Vocabulary and Structure (10 minutes)Directions: There are 16 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D). Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet.57. Yesterday he __________ $1000 to cancer research.A. gaveB. giftedC. presentedD. donated58. To be alone on purpose, having rejected ____________ rather than been cast out by it, is onecharacteristic of American hero.A. accompanyB. companyC. solitudeD. solitary59. We can _______________ time each day to dream with passion about what we want toachieve.A. set asideB. set inC. set upD. set forth60. Today’s businessman will frequently meet situations ____________ it is difficult to square hisbusiness interests with his moral conscience.A. whichB. howC. whereD. what61. The charge was ___________ because there was not enough evidence.A. accusedB. withdrawnC. securedD. finished62. There is no scientific basis for theories pushing the genetic ______________ of anypopulation over another.A. superiorityB. inferiorityC. featureD. character63. ___________ with the evidence, they admitted that, of all humans, Australians are most distantfrom the Africans genetically.A. ContradictedB. ConfrontedC. AgreeingD. Disagreeing64. Dr. Goleman believes that _____________ emotional intelligence will become more and moreimportant in the new millennium.A. researchingB. educatingC. cultivatingD. focusing65. We admire Thoreau _____________ for his self-reliance, __________ because he was all byhimself out there at Walden Pond, and he wanted to be.A. as…asB. not…asC. not…soD. not…but66. This diploma (毕业文凭) ________ that you have completed high school.A. offersB. certifiesC. securesD. provides67. He is not ________ to recover from the shock in one day or two.A. possibleB. probableC. capableD. likely68. This ________ new problems in the relationship between the two countries in the recentyears.A. roseB. raisedC. liftedD. arose69. The theory of class currently prevailing in the West is ________ based on what Max Weber, aGerman sociologist, proposed.A. fairlyB. kindlyC. greatlyD. largely70. In some schools children who prefer to read books rather than ________ football becomesocial outcasts.A. playB. playingC. to playD. to playing71. ________ to the papers is restricted to Defense Department personnel only.A. ApplicationB. ExceptionC. AccessD. Glance72. Reading ________ the lines, I would say that the Government are more worried than they willadmit.A. behindB. alongC. betweenD. among73. Contrast may make something appear more beautiful than it is when ________ alone.A. seenB. to be seenC. is seenD. having been seen Part VI Cloze (8 minutes)Directions: There are 14 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A), B), C) and D) on the right side of the paper. You should choose the ONE that best fits into the passage.Emotional Intelligence (or EQ) is what we use as individuals, when applying judgment 74 solving problems. IQ can be 75 the hardware of our brain: how fast we 76 information and how well we can 77 it. EQ is more similar to the software of our minds: what we do 78 the information to come to a decision. Emotional Intelligence can broadly be _ 79 __ the role emotions play in 80 our perception of the world and how this perception 81 our conclusions. That involves something of a sixth sense – a high 82 of the mind. In a literal sense our brains process information in habitual ways that 83 person to person. Everyone’s level of maturity, self-awareness and experiences are different; 84 , we all see the same problem differently. A high level of EQ 85 an ability to easily adapt to changes, to 86 other people’s points of view and to 87 others as individuals.74. A. for B. into C. in D. to75. A. complained of B. compacted into C. compelled into D. compared to76. A. perceive B. receive C. possess D. process77. A. store B. restore C. strain D. restrain78. A. form B. by C. without D. with79. A. appointed as B. defined as C. chosen as D. dismissed as80. A. determining B. conducting C. concerning D. concluding81. A. effects B. affects C. influences D. makes82. A. condition B. division C. performance D. form83. A. differ from B. come from C. derive from D. learn from84. A. because B. if C. since D. therefore85. A. suggests B. advises C. proposes D. requires86. A. underestimate B. estimate C. understand D. correct87. A. relate well to B. release well to C. relax well as D. rely well onPart VII Translation (5 minutes)Directions: Complete the sentences on Answer Sheet 2 by translating into English the Chinese given in brackets.88. We would not stand by and _______________________(听凭形形色色的贿赂行为不断增加).89. The condition of loneliness ___________(时起时落), but our need to talk goes on forever90. You only need to fill out a form to get your membership, __________________________ (它可以使你在买东西时享受打折的优惠)。