职称英语

阅读判断一、*Computer MouseThe basic computer mouse is an amazingly clever invention with a relatively simple design that allows us to point at things on the computer and it is very productive. Think of all the things you can do with a mouse like selecting text for copying and pasting1, drawing, and even scrolling on the page with the newer mice with the wheel. Most of us use the computer mouse daily without stopping to think2 how it works until it gets dirty and we have to learn how to clean it. We learn to point at things before we learn to speak, so the mouse is a very natural pointing device. Other computer pointing devices include light pens graphics tablets and touch screens, but the mouse is still our workhorse. The computer mouse was invented in 1964 by Douglas Englehart of Stanford University. As computer screens became more popular and arrow keys were used to move around a body of text, it became clear that a pointing device that allowed easier motion through the text and even selection of text would be very useful. The introduction of the mouse, with the Apple Lisa computer in 1983, really started the computer public on the road to relying on the mouse for routine computer tasks.3 How does the mouse work? We have to start at the bottom, so think upside down for now. It all starts with the mouse ball. As the mouse ball in the bottom of the mouse rolls over the mouse pad, it presses against and turns two shafts. The shafts are connected to wheels with several small holes in them. The wheels have a pair of small electronic light-emitting devices called light-emitting diodes (LED) mounted on either side4. One LED sends a light beam to the LED on the other side. As the wheels spin and a hole rotates by, the light beam gets through to the LED on the other side. But a moment later the light beam is blocked until the next hole is in place. The LED detects a changing pattern of light, converts the pattern into an electronic signal, and sends the signal to the computer through wires in a cable that goes out the mo use body. This cable is the tail that helps give the mouse its name. 电脑鼠标是一个惊人的巧妙发明，它设计简单，但却使我们能够对电脑屏幕上的东西进行非常有效的指挥。

想想你可以用鼠标做的那些事情，比如复制粘贴，绘画，甚至用新式鼠标上的滚轮使网页上下滚动。

我们大多数人每天都用电脑鼠标，却从来没有停下来想想它是怎样工作的，直到有一天它变脏了，而我们又必须学会如何对它进行清洁。

我们会说话之前就已经学会用手指东西，所以鼠标是一个很自然的指针设备。

其他电脑指针设备还包括光笔，图形片和触摸屏等，但鼠标仍然是我们的主要工具。

电脑鼠标由斯坦福大学的道格拉斯·恩格尔哈特在1964年发明。

随着电脑屏幕越来越受欢迎，而且箭头键可以在一个文本上随意移动，人们认识到一个能自由移动甚至选择文本的游标装置将是非常有用的。

1983年鼠标的引进和苹果电脑丽莎的开始使用，使广大电脑用户开始踏上一条依赖鼠标完成常规电脑工作的道路。

鼠标是怎样工作的？我们得从底都开始，所以现在把鼠标倒过来看。

一切都开始于鼠标球。

当鼠标底部的球在鼠标垫上滚动的时候，它压迫到两个滚轴并使其转动。

这两个轴上有一些小孔，并与滚轮相连。

滚轮两边各有一个叫做发光二极管的小型电子发光器件。

其中一个发光二极管向另一个发出一个光束。

当滚轮转过一个小孔时，光束通过小孔到达另一边的发光二极管。

但稍后该光束被阻塞，直到下一下孔转动到这个位置。

发光二段管检测出光束的变化模式，将该模式转换成电子信号，并通过一条延伸出鼠标的电缆将信号传输给电脑，这条像尾巴一样的电缆正是鼠标得名的原因。

电脑通过解读信号确定光标在电脑屏幕上的位置。

到目前为止，我们只限于讨论基本型的电脑鼠标，你们中间多数人也许拥有一个鼠标，也许你们已用过鼠标。

这样的设计带来的一个问题是，滚球滚动时表面吸附的灰尘会使鼠标变脏，所以昀终你必须对它进行清洁。

较新的光学鼠标由于没有可移动的部件就避免了这一问题的产生。

1. Most computer users want to know how the computer mouse works. Wrong2. According to the author, general computer users need not to know how the computer mouse was invented.Not mentioned3. The computer mouse derives its name from the cable that goes out its body, which looks like the tail of a mouse. Righ4. The key components of a computer mouse are the two LEDs. Right5. When an ordinary computer mouse gets dirty, it has to be replaced with a new one. Wrong6. The most durable computer mice on sale are the IBM ones. Not mentioned阅读判断二、*Study Helps Predict Big Mediterranean QuakeScientists have found evidence that an overlooked fault in the eastern Mediterranean1 is likely to produce an earthquake and tsunami every 800 years as powerful as the one that destroyed Alexandria2 in AD3 365. Using radiocarbon dating techniques, simulations and computer models, the researchers recreated the ancient disaster in order to identify the responsible fault. …We are saying there is probably a repeat time of 800 years for this kind of earthquake,' said Ms Beth Shaw, an earthquake scientist at the University of Cambridge, who led the study. Scientists study past earthquakes in order to determine the future possibility of similar large shocks.Identifying the fault for the AD 365 earthquake and tsunami is important for the tens of millions of people in the region, Ms. Shaw said. The fault close to the southwest coast of Crete4 last produced a big enough quake to generate a tsunami about 1300, which means the next powerful one could come in the next 100 years, she added in a telephone interview.Ms. Shaw and her colleagues calculate the likely intervals by measuring the motion of either side of the fault to find how often such large earthquakes would have to occur to account for that level of motion, she said. Their computer model suggested an 8 magnitude quake on the fault would produce a tsunami that floods the coastal regions of Alexandria and North Africa, the southern coast of Greece5 and Sicily6 all the way up the Adriati7 to Dubrovnik8. This would be similar to the ancient quake in AD 365 that caused widespread destruction in much of Greece and unleashed a tsunami that flooded Alexandria and the Nile Delta9, likely killing tens of thousands of people, she said.公元365年，东部地中海地区发生特大地震和海啸，摧毁了亚历山大市，科学家们已经找到了证据证明：那里存在的一直被人忽视的断层，每隔800年就有可能就引发一次强地震和海啸。