国际海上运输：Carriage of goods by sea
《国际货物运输合同》英文版
《国际货物运输合同》英文版INTERNATIONAL CARRIAGE OF GOODS CONTRACT.ARTICLE 1. SPHERE OF APPLICATION.This Convention applies to all contracts for the carriage of goods by sea between different States, where the States of departure and destination are both Contracting States.ARTICLE 2. DEFINITIONS.In this Convention:(a) "Carrier" means any person by whom or in whose name a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a shipper.(b) "Contract of carriage" means a contract for the carriage of goods by sea which is evidenced by a bill oflading.(c) "Goods" means any goods, including containers, pallets and other similar articles of transport used to facilitate the carriage of goods.(d) "Shipper" means any person by whom or in whose name or on whose behalf a contract of carriage of goods by sea has been concluded with a carrier.(e) "Bill of lading" means a document which evidences a contract of carriage of goods by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, and by which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrender of the document.(f) "Consignee" means the person entitled to take delivery of the goods.ARTICLE 3. FORM OF THE BILL OF LADING.(1) The bill of lading shall be made out in writing. Itshall be signed by the carrier or his agent and by the shipper. The signature of the carrier or his agent may be printed or stamped.(2) The bill of lading shall contain the following particulars:(a) The name of the carrier.(b) The name of the shipper.(c) The name of the consignee.(d) The place and date of issue of the bill of lading.(e) A description of the goods, including their quantity, marks and numbers.(f) The port of loading.(g) The port of discharge.(h) The agreed freight for the carriage of the goods.(i) Such other particulars as are customary in the trade.ARTICLE 4. DUTIES OF THE CARRIER.(1) The carrier shall properly and carefully load, handle, stow, carry, keep, care for and discharge the goods carried under the contract of carriage.(2) The carrier shall issue a bill of lading for the goods carried under the contract of carriage.(3) The carrier shall provide a seaworthy ship for the carriage of the goods.(4) The carrier shall properly and carefully operate the ship for the carriage of the goods.(5) The carrier shall take all necessary measures to ensure the safety of the goods carried under the contractof carriage.ARTICLE 5. DUTIES OF THE SHIPPER.(1) The shipper shall properly and carefully pack, mark and label the goods to be carried under the contract of carriage.(2) The shipper shall provide the carrier with such information as is necessary for the safe carriage of the goods.(3) The shipper shall pay the freight for the carriage of the goods.ARTICLE 6. RIGHTS OF THE CARRIER.(1) The carrier shall have the right to:(a) Lien on the goods for freight, demurrage and other charges;(b) General average;(c) Salvage;(d) Freight prepaid.(2) The carrier shall have the right to terminate the contract of carriage if the shipper fails to perform his obligations under the contract.ARTICLE 7. RIGHTS OF THE SHIPPER.(1) The shipper shall have the right to:(a) Inspect the goods before shipment;(b) Stop the goods in transit;(c) Divert the goods;(d) Require the carrier to deliver the goods at the port of discharge specified in the bill of lading;(e) Sue the carrier for damages in case of loss or damage to the goods.ARTICLE 8. LIABILITY OF THE CARRIER.(1) The carrier shall be liable for loss or damage tothe goods carried under the contract of carriage, unless he proves that the loss or damage was caused by:(a) An act or omission of the shipper or consignee;(b) An inherent defect in the goods;(c) An act of war, hostilities, civil war, insurrection or a natural disaster;(d) An arrest or restraint of princes, rulers or people;(e) A strike, lockout or stoppage of work;(f) A quarantine restriction;(g) Any other cause beyond the reasonable control ofthe carrier.(2) The carrier shall not be liable for loss or damageto the goods carried under the contract of carriage if the loss or damage was caused by:(a) The intentional or negligent act or omission of the shipper or consignee;(b) The willful misconduct of the carrier or his servants or agents;(c) An inherent defect in the goods;(d) An act of war, hostilities, civil war, insurrection or a natural disaster;(e) An arrest or restraint of princes, rulers or people;(f) A strike, lockout or stoppage of work;(g) A quarantine restriction;(h) Any other cause beyond the reasonable control of the carrier.ARTICLE 9. LIMITATION OF LIABILITY.(1) The liability of the carrier for loss or damage to the goods carried under the contract of carriage shall not exceed the value of the goods at the time of shipment.(2) The carrier shall not be liable for indirect or consequential loss or damage.ARTICLE 10. TIME-BAR.(1) An action for loss or damage to the goods carried under the contract of carriage shall be time-barred after one year from the date of delivery of the goods or from the date when the goods should have been delivered.(2) An action for delay in the delivery of the goods carried under the contract of carriage shall be time-barred after one year from the date when the goods were delivered or from the date when the goods should have been delivered.ARTICLE 11. JURISDICTION AND ARBITRATION.(1) Any dispute arising under this Convention shall be subject to the jurisdiction of the courts of the State in which the port of loading or the port of discharge is situated.(2) Any dispute arising under this Convention may be submitted to arbitration in accordance with the Arbitration Rules of the United Nations Commission on International Trade Law (UNCITRAL).ARTICLE 12. FINAL PROVISIONS.(1) This Convention shall enter into force on the first day of the sixth month following the date of its adoption by the General Assembly of the United Nations.(2) Any State which becomes a party to this Convention after the date of its entry into force shall become bound by its provisions on the first day of the sixth month following the date of its ratification, acceptance or approval.(3) This Convention shall be open for accession by all States.(4) This Convention shall be subject to denunciation by any State at any time after the expiration of five years from the date on which it became bound by the Convention.(5) The denunciation shall be notified to theSecretary-General of the United Nations.(6) The denunciation shall take effect on the first day of the sixth month following the date on which the notification is received by the Secretary-General of the United Nations.。
carriage of goods by sea (2)
5.6 电子提单
载货清单 (P164-5行)
1
第7行 至段末
The developments already „„ ranging from vessel manifests to bill of lading data „„ traditional paper documents. 过去提单的发展只是在程序上做改变，现在有人提出用现代科技来解 决问题，电子技术作为交流方式广泛应用于企业的各种信息传递，从 船舶的载货清单到提单收据。问题是，电子提单能不能完全替代传统 的纸质提单。 For any new system „„ interests of others clearly conflict. 电子提单系统的生效必须被各利益团体（托运人、承运人、货主、银行、 承保人和船东互保协会）所接受。 第二段 A recent wide-ranging survey „„ the terms of the contract of carriage. 由UNCTAD（联合国贸易和发展会议 ）做的调查表明，电子提单想要替 代传统的纸质提单必须满足两个要求：复制传统提单的功能；必须享有 相同的法律认可。毫无疑问，一个电子提单能够满足纸质提单的两个功 能：货物收据和运输合同条款的证明。
本节难句：Again , although s l (5) of the 1992 Act provides for regulations „„ no such regulations have yet appeared.（P165 第 二段第8行) 而且，尽管1992年法案第一条第五款规定了由各州相关秘书部可以为适用 法案条款关于“信息技术在哪里使用”而制定条款，但是现在还没有这类 条款出现。
结构 (P16710行)
lec6carriageofgoodsbysea
6.3 the most important shipping document-bill of lading
• The legal characteristics of B/L • - formal receipt of goods; • - evidence of contract of carriage of
4
6.2 the contract of carriage
of goods by sea
• 1. the conclusion of the contract of carriage of goods by sea
• - the contract is concluded through offer and acceptance , prior to the issuance of bill of lading ,so B/L is merely an evidence to the contract of carriage of goods by sea.
• -Bill of lading has two sides , face side and back side . Face side is filled out by the shipper and back side is a printed form made by the carrier beforehand
LECTURE 6 CARRIAGE OF GOODS BY SEA
1
6.1. the course of business in the carriage of goods by sea
• 1. Shipper(exporter) ,if the sales contract is based on basis of CIF or CFR , usually seeks a forwarder (货运代理) who will book shipping space or charter a ship for the shipper;
海商法 第五章 海上货物运输合同
采用了《汉堡规则》基本相似的规定,。即承运人的责 任期间从装货港接收货物时起至卸货港交付货物时止, 货物处于承运人掌管下的全部期间 （the entire period during which the carrier is in charge of the goods, -taken over the goods at the port of loading, until the goods have been delivered at the port of discharge。）
东船务代理公司办理了提货手续，并将正本提单交付 给船务代理公司.
问题：
（1）此提单是什么性质的提单？该提单的收货人是商贸 公司吗？
（2）如提单背面写的是“YUXIN, Co, Ltd.”，收货人是 谁？
（3）如提单背面写的是“GANGFULAN, Inc”，收货人 是谁？
2、 国际海上货物运输：两个不同国家港口之间的货物运 输。
注意：沿海运输由《水路货物运输合同实施细则》
《水路货物运输规则》（“货规”）（“水 规”）
《合同法》
《水路货物运输管理规则》
二、海上货物运输合同的特征
1、相比一般民事合同，双方当事人“意思自治”的余 地有限。
2、收货人大多是合同第三方，不参与合同订立，但合 同履行过程中，成为合同第三方。
三、国际海上货物运输合同的种类
并对制作的勘验记录出具了公证书。检验记录表明查验 大葱共计120吨，腐烂数量69．15吨，腐烂率为 57．625％。该批大葱价格270美元／吨。以全损 69．15吨计算，货损CNF价值为154965．15RMB。货 物回运后产生卸车费960元、包装网袋费9000元、二次 分检加工费3万及公证费1200元，合计41160元人民币。 该5个货柜的货物运费5200美元，69。15吨的运费经折 算为24870元人民币，因未装船原告未予支付。
汉堡规则 百度百科
汉堡规则是联合国海上货物运输公约（United Nations Convention on the Carriage of Goods by Sea，1978）的简称。
于1978年3月6日至31日在德国汉堡举行由联合国主持的由78国代表参加的海上货物运输大会讨论通过，于1992年11月1日生效。
截至1996年10月，共有成员国25个，其中绝大数为发展中国家，占全球外贸船舶吨位数90％的国家都未承认该规则。
制定背景海牙规则是本世纪20年代的产物，曾发挥它应有的作用，随着国际贸易和海运的发展，要求修改海牙规则的呼声不断，对其进行修改已在所难免。
如何进行修改，两种思路导致了两种不同的结果。
一种是以英国、北欧等海运发达国家的船方利益为代表，由国际海事委员负责起草修改，最终导致海牙―― 维斯比规则产生。
对海牙规则的一些有益修改，对维护在海牙规则基础上的船货双方利益起了一定的积极作用。
另一种思路来自广大的发展中国家，代表了货主的利益，提出彻底修改海牙规则的要求日益高涨，联合国贸易和发展会议的航运委员会于1969年4月的第三届会议上设立了国际航运立法工作组，研究提单的法律问题。
工作组在1971年2月，国际航运立法工作组召开的第二次会议上作出两项决议：第一，对海牙规则和维斯比规则进行修改，必要时制定新的国际公约；第二，在审议修订上述规则时，应清除规则含义不明确之处，建立船货双方平等分担海运货物风险的制度。
后来，此项工作移交给联合国国际贸易法委员会。
该委员会下设的国际航运立法工作组，于1976年5月完成起草工作，并提交1978年3月6日至31日在德国汉堡召开的有78个国家代表参加的联合国海上货物运输公约外交会议审议，最后通过了1978年联合国海上货物运输公约。
由于这次会议是在汉堡召开的，所以这个公约又称为汉堡规则。
根据汉堡规则的生效条件规定：“本公约自第二十份批准书、接受书、认可书或加入书交存之日起满一年后的次月第一日生效。
国际货运代理专业术语解释
COGSA
Carriage of Goods by Sea Act
海上货物运输法
COM
Commission
佣金
CONS
Consumption
消耗
CVGP
customs value per gross pound
海关价值，每磅毛重
盒，箱
CAC
currency adjustment charge
货币（贬值）附加费
CAConf
Cargo Agency Conference (IATA)
货物代理会议（国际航空运输协会）
CAD
cash against documents
凭单据付款
CAF
Currency adjustment factor
银行汇票
both dates (days) inclusive
包括首尾两日
bdth.
breadth
宽度
Bdy.
Boundary
边界
BENDS
Both ends
两端（装货和卸货港）
B/G
Bonded goods
保税货物
BIMCO
Baltic International Maritime Conference
账，因为
ACOL
After completion of lading
装货结束后
a.d. a/d
After date
在指定日期后
ADDCOM
Address commission
回扣佣金
Add-on
…tariff(also proportional rate or arbitrary[inUSA])
国际商法Carriage of Goods by Sea海上货物运输
单据。
2. Three Functions of Bill of Lading
1) Bill of lading is a document which evidences a
contract of carriage by sea between the carrier and the
the goods arrive at the port of departure before the
vessel does. This type of B/L is not considered a
complete B/L and is replaced by a shipped on board bill
II 1. Bill Whatof Is Lading Bill of Lading?
A document which evidences a contract of carriage by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the
根据《海牙一维斯比规则》第1条第1款对《海牙规则》第3条第 4款的补充：“但是提单如转让至善意受让人手中，即作为对承 运人有约束力的最终证据”。即使承运人能够提出有效证据以 证明其实际接受或装船的货物与提单所载内容不符，也不得借 此对抗善意的提单受让人，而应按提单上的记载如实向提单持 有人交付货物。 本案中，提单在承运人与收货人之间是最终证据，承运人应当 向收货人承担货物短缺责任。
《 汉 堡 规 则 》 第 1 条 第 7 款 ： Bill of lading” means a document which evidences a contract of carriage by sea and the taking over or loading of the goods by the carrier, and by which the carrier undertakes to deliver the goods against surrender of the document. 提单，是用 以证明海上运输合同和由承运人接管或装载货物，以及承运人 保证据以交付货物的单证。 《中华人民共和国海商法》：提单是用以证明海上运输合同的 订立和货物已由承运人接收或者装船、以及承运人保证据以交 付货物的单据。
carriage of goods by sea (3)
3.4.4 (Ⅰ)滞期费
• • • • • 产生滞期费的适用条件 产生滞期费后的法律效果 滞期费的计算 滞期费过高与过低的法律效果 一旦滞期费开始计算，就不中止
3.4.4(Ⅱ)延误损害赔偿金
• • • • 产生延误损害赔偿金的适用条件 延误损害赔偿金的计算 船东对合同解除权的取得 船东取得合同解除权后可以做出的选择
vt. 预见;预知
Thus in Grant v Coverdale where a vessel had been chartered to proceed to Cardiff and load a cargo of iron, there was an exception covering ‘hands striking work, or frost or floods, or any other unavoidable accidents preventing the loading’.
3.4.3(Ⅱ)装卸时间的中止
• • 合同中未确定装卸时间时的中止条件 合同中确定装卸时间时的中止条件
本节词汇
hindrance（第一段第一行）
['hindrəns]
n. 妨碍;障碍 obstruction （第一段第一行）
['stipjuleit]
n.阻碍;妨碍;阻塞
In the majority of cases, however, the charterparty will include exceptions providing for the suspension of laytime on the occurrence of the more frequent causes of delay in loading and discharging such as congestion in port, strikes, bad weather, civil commotions or even ‘any other cause beyond the control of the charterers’. （第二 段倒数第五行）
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Carriage of goods by sea
Liner:班轮运输Charter party：租船运输
（1）Voyage：航程租船
（2）Time：航次租船
（3）Bareboat：光船租船
Bill of lading提单
1．提单定义：是否为物权凭证？我国海商法没有肯定提单的物权凭证性质。
记名提单不具有物权凭证的属性。
2．提单的法律性质legal nature：document of title《国际贸易法第二版》王传丽著，见第77页注释
3．提单的分类classification of B/L：《国际贸易法第二版》王传丽著
运输代理人提单：forwarder’s B/L－house B/L：货运代理人forwanding为了节省费用，
将不同托运人的货物集中交付承运人，承运人仅签发一份提单，由货代向各托运人签发
货代提单。
集装箱运输中广泛使用。
能否承认货代为承运人，通常要考虑：货代是以自
己的名义还是承运人的名义与托运人签订运输合同；货代是以自己的名义出具运输单据；货代是自己收取运费。
货代提单不具有海运提单物权凭证的性质。
买方承运人卖方
货代
无船承运人提单：non－vessel operating common carrier B/L(NOVCC B/L)
货代揽货后并无自己的运输船舶，以承运人身份签发自己的提单，向托运人收取运费，
然后与国际船舶运输经营者（实际承运人）签订运输合同。
收货人取得无船承运人提单
风险较大。
《中华人民共和国海运条例》确定了其法律地位，必须是中国企业法人，应
缴纳80万的保证金。
总结：
1．立法和司法实践对提单的性质尤其是物权凭证的问题持有不同观点。
2．不同的提单在国际贸易交易当中的作用有所区别。
例如指示提单与记名提单，清洁提单与不清洁提单，海运提单与运输代理人提单。
3．提单应与国际货物买卖、贸易术语、贸易支付结合起来。
提单纠纷涉及合同法、海商法、票据法和担保法，也涉及国际条约和国际惯例。