2010年欧盟口译司复试

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欧盟口译司复述材料原文

欧盟口译司复述材料原文
【提纲】
一、前言
二、复述材料原文概述
三、复述材料原文的主要内容
四、复述材料原文的挑战与应对策略
五、结论
欧盟口译司复述材料原文，旨在为我国读者提供关于欧盟口译司的详尽信息。

本文首先介绍了欧盟口译司的背景和职责，以及复述材料原文的目的和意义。

接着，概述了复述材料原文的范围和内容。

复述材料原文涉及多个领域，包括政治、法律、经济、社会和科技等。

在政治领域，欧盟口译司负责欧洲议会、欧盟理事会、欧洲委员会和欧洲对外行动署的会议口译。

在法律领域，口译司需对欧盟法律进行口译和解释，以及为欧洲法院提供庭审口译。

在经济领域，口译司涉及欧盟经济政策、金融监管、欧洲中央银行等方面的会议口译。

在社会领域，口译司关注欧盟社会政策，以及教育和文化领域的口译工作。

在科技领域，口译司需处理欧盟科技创新政策，以及欧洲航天局的会议口译等。

面对复述材料原文中的挑战，如语言多样性和专业术语的处理，口译质量和效率的平衡，技术创新对欧盟口译司的影响等，本文提出了相应的应对策略。

例如，加强语言技能的培训，提高口译质量和效率，以及关注技术创新带来的机遇和挑战。

此外，文章还介绍了欧盟口译司选拔优秀口译员的培训和选
拔机制。

总之，本文对复述材料原文进行了全面梳理，突显了欧盟口译司在多个领域的重要作用。

大家网2010年3月高级口译真题(完整版)

2010年3月高级口译真题（完整版）点击下载MP3 (1)SECTION 1: LISTENING TEST (1)SECTION 2: READING TEST (2)SECTION 3: TRANSLATION TEST (30 minutes) (9)SECTION 4: LISTENING TEST (9)SECTION 5: READING TEST (30 minutes) (10)SECTION 6: TRANSLATION TEST (30 MINUTES) (14)2010年秋季口译复习资料（热点话题、词汇、音频等）汇总下载 (14)点击下载MP3SECTION 1: LISTENING TESTPart A SPOT DICTATIONYou probably know that asthma can cause breathing problems, so can kids with asthma play sports. ________(1). Being active and playing sports is an especially good idea if you have asthma. Why? Because it can ________(2). So they work better.Some athletes with asthma have done more than developed stronger lungs. They've played ________(3) and they've even won medals at the Olympic Games. Some sports are less likely to bother a person's asthma.________(4) are less likely to trigger flare-ups and so are sports like baseball, football and gymnastics.In some sports, you need to ________.(5) These activities may be harder for people with asthma. They ________ (6) long-distance running, cycling, soccer, basketball, cross-country skiing, ________(7). But that doesn't mean you can't play these sports if ________(8). In fact, many athletes with asthma have found that with the ________(9), they can do any sport they choose.But before playing sports, it's important that your asthma is ________(10). That means you are having lots of ________(11). To make this happen, it's very important that you ________ (12)just as your doctor tells you to. Even when ________(13), your doctor will also tell you other things you can do to avoid flare-ups. This may mean ________(14) when there is a lot of pollen in the air. wearing ________(15) when you play outside during the winter. Or making sure you always have time for ________(16).Make sure your coach and teammates know about your asthma. That way, they will understand if you ________ (17)because of breathing trouble. It's also helpful if your coach ________(18) if you have a flare-up. Listen to your body, and ________(19) your doctor gave you for handling breathing problems. And if you can keep your asthma in good control, you will be in the game and ________(20)!Part B.Questions 1 to 51. For which of the following factors did the man move out of New York city at first?2. What happens to the man's mother when she took her granddaughter to a show?3. How does the man's wife feel about living in the city?4. Apart from the interesting people, which other thing did the man like about big cities?5. The man and his family have lived in several places, which of the following is not one of these places? Question 6-10Q6: Which of the following statements is true about British Prime Minister's proposal?Q7: At what percentage did real GDP of Cananda increase in the third quarter of the year?Q8: What did the Dubai government decide to do on Thursday?Q9: Why did an estimated three thousand people march in central Geneve's main shopping street?Q10: What casualties did the derailment of an express train cause inRussia?Question 11-15Q11 According to the man being interviewed, what's the function of fengshui?Q12 What background does the man have?Q13 According to the man, there is fengshui in many parts of the world, which of the following is not one of the places that he mentions in the interview?Q14 Which of the following is a good example of fengshui being huge in the U. S?Q15 Which of the following of the statements is true about the man being interviewed?Question 16-20Q16 According to the talk, who is arrested recently for spanking a 5-year old boy?Q17 What does Mr. Dale Cover believe about spanking?Q18 Which of the following statements is true according the majority view among the parents in the New York University survey?Q19 Which of the following views do most experts probably disagree with?Q20 What percentage of parents in the United States today say they use corporal punishment?SECTION 2: READING TESTQuestion 1-5On the worst days, Chris Keehn used to go 24 hours without seeing his daughter with her eyes open. A soft-spoken tax accountant in Deloitte’s downtown Chicago office, he hated saying no when she asked for a ride to preschool. By November, he’d had enough. “I realized that I can have control of this,” he says with a small shrug. Keehn, 33, met with two of the firm’s partners and his senior manager, telling them he needed a change. They went for it. In January, Keehn started telecommuting four days a week, and when Kathryn, 4, starts T-ball this summer, he will be sitting along the baseline.In this economy, Keehn’s move might sound like hopping onto the mommy track—or off the career track. But he’s actually making a shrewd move. More and more, companies are searching for creative ways to save—by experimenting with reduced hours or unpaid furloughs or asking employees to move laterally. The up-or-out model, in which employees have to keep getting promoted quickly or get lost, may be growing outmoded. The changing expectations could persist after the economy reheats. Companies are increasingly supporting more natural growth, letting employees wend their way upward like climbing vines. It’s a shift, in other words, from a corporate ladder to the career-path metaphor long preferred by Deloitte vice chair Cathy Benko: a lattice.At Deloitte, each employee’s lattice is nailed together during twice-a-year evaluations focused not just on career targets but also on larger life goals. An employee can request to do more or less travel or client service, say, or to move laterally into a new role—changes that may or may not come with a pay cut. Deloitte’s data from 2008 suggest that about 10% of employees choose to “dial up” or “dial down” at any given time. Deloitte’s Mass Career Customization (MCC) program began as a way to keep talented women in the workforce, but it has quickly become clear that women are not the only ones seeking flexibility. Responding to millennials demanding better work-life balance, young parents needing time to share child-care duties and boomers looking to ease gradually toward retirement, Deloitte is scheduled to roll out MCC to all 42,000 U.S. employees by May 2010. Deloitte executives are in talks with more than 80 companies working on similar programs.Not everyone is on board. A 33-year-old Deloitte senior manager in a southeastern office, who works half-dayson Mondays and Fridays for health reasons and requested anonymity because she was not authorized to speak on the record, says one “old school” manager insisted on scheduling meetings when she wouldn’t be in the office. “He was like, ‘Yeah, I know we have the program,’ “she recalls, “‘but I don’t really care.’”Deloitte CEO Barry Salzberg admits he’s still struggling to convert “nonbelievers,” but says they are the exceptions. The recession provides an incentive for companies to design more lattice-oriented careers. Studies show telecommuting, for instance, can help businesses cut real estate costs 20% and payroll 10%. What’s more, creating a flexible workforce to meet staffing needs in a changing economy ensures that a company will still have legs when the market recovers. Redeploying some workers from one division to another—or reducing their salaries—is a whole lot less expensive than laying everyone off and starting from scratch.Young employees who dial down now and later become managers may reinforce the idea that moving sideways on the lattice doesn’t mean getting sidelined. “When I saw other people doing it,” says Keehn, “I thought I could try.” As the compelling financial incentives for flexibility grow clearer, more firms will be forced to give employees that chance. Turns out all Keehn had to do was ask.1. The author used the example of Chris Keehn _____.(A) to show how much he loved his daughter and the family(B) to tell how busy he was working as a tax accountant(C) to introduce how telecommuting changed the traditional way of working(D) to explore how the partners of a company could negotiate and cooperate smoothly2. What is the major purpose of shifting from a corporate ladder to the career path of lattice?(A) To take both career targets and larger life goals of employees into consideration.(B) To find better ways to develop one’s career in response to economic crisis.(C) To establish expectations which could persist after the economy reheats.(D) To create ways to keep both talented women and men in the workforce.3. The expression “on board” in the sentence “Not everyone is on board.” (para. 4) means _____.(A) going to insist on old schedules(B) concerned about work-life balance(C) ready to accept the flexible working system(D) accustomed to the changing working arrangement4. Which of the following is NOT the possible benefit of lattice-oriented careers for businesses?(A) reducing the costs on real estate.(B) cutting the salaries of employees.(C) forming a flexible workforce to meet needs in a changing economy.(D) keeping a workforce at the minimal level.5. According to the passage, the idea that “moving sideways on the lattice doesn’t mean getting sidelined”______.(A) would discourage employees from choosing telecommuting(B) might encourage more employees to apply for flexible work hours(C) would give employees more chances for their professional promotion(D) could provide young employees with more financial incentivesQuestions 6-10Right now, there’s little that makes a typical American taxpayer more resentful than the huge bonuses being dispersed at Wall Street firms. The feeling that something went terribly wrong in the way the financial sector is run—and paid—is widespread. It’s worth recalling that the incentive structures now governing executive pay in much of the corporate world were hailed as a miracle of human engineering a generation ago when they focused once-complacent ECOs with laser precision on steering companies toward the brightest possible futures.So now there’s a lot of talk about making incentives smarter. That may improve the way companies or banks are run, but only temporarily. The inescapable flaw in incentives, as 35 years of research shows, is that they get you exactly what you pay for, but it never turns out to be what you want. The mechanics of why this happens are pretty simple: Out of necessity, incentives are often based on an index of the thing you care about—like sound corporate leadership—that is easily measured. Share price is such an index of performance. Before long, however, people whose livelihoods are based on an index will figure out how to manipulate it—which soon makes the index a much less reliable barometer. Once share price determines the pay of smart people, they’ll find a way to move it up without improving—and in some cases by jeopardizing—their company.Incentives don’t just fail; they often backfire. Swiss economists Bruno Frey (University of Zurich) and Felix Oberholzer-Gee (Harvard Business School) have shown that when Swiss citizens are offered a substantial cash incentive for agreeing to have a toxic waste dump in their community, their willingness to accept the facility falls by half. Uri Gneezy (U.C. San Diego’s Rady School of Management) and Aldo Rustichini (University of Minnesota) observed that when Israeli day-care centers fine parents who pick up their kids late, lateness increases. And James Heyman (University of St. Thomas) and Dan Ariely (Duke’s Fuqua School of Business) showed that when people offer passers-by a token payment for help lifting a couch from a van, they are less likely to lend a hand than if they are offered nothing.What these studies show is that incentives tend to remove the moral dimension from decision-making. The day-care parents know they ought to arrive on time, but they come to view the fines as a fee for a service. Once a payoff enters the picture, the Swiss citizens and passersby ask, “What’s in my best interest?” The question they ask themselves when money isn’t part of the equation is quite different: “What are my responsibilities to my country and to other people?” Despite our abiding faith in incentives as a way to influence behavior. in a positive way, they consistently do the reverse.Some might say banking has no moral dimension to take away. Bankers have always been interested in making money, and they probably always will be, but they’ve traditionally been well aware of their responsibilities, too. Bankers worried about helping farmers get this year’s seed into the ground. They worried about helping a new business get off to a strong start or a thriving one to expand. They worried about a couple in their 50s having enough to retire on, and about one in their 30s taking on too big a mortgage. These bankers weren’t saints, but they served the dual masters of profitability and community service.In case you think this style. of banking belongs to a horse-and-buggy past, consider credit unions and community development banks. Many have subprime mortgage portfolios that remain healthy to this day. In large part, that’s because they approve loans they intend to keep on their books rather than securitizing and selling them to drive up revenue, which would in turn boost annual bonuses. And help bring the world economy to its knees.At the Group of 20 gathering in September, France and Germany proposed strict limits on executive pay. The U.S. Now has a pay czar, who just knocked down by half the compensation of 136 executives. But the absolute amounts executives are paid may be inconsequential. Most people want to do right. They want their work to improve the lives of others. As Washington turns its sights on reforms for the financial sector, it just might consider nudging the industry’s major players away from the time-dishonored tradition of incentives and toward compensation structures that don’t strip the moral dimension away from the people making big decisions.6. According to the passage, the incentive structures governing today’s executive pay in the corporate world_____.(A) are perfect and shall be continued(B) have gone wrong somewhere and should be remedied(C) are with inescapable flaws and must be stopped(D) have fundamentally improved the corporate management7. Which of the following best paraphrases the sentence “Incentives don’t just fail; they often backfire.” (para. 3)?(A) Incentives cannot promote the management of companies and banks; they often lead to corporate bankruptcy.(B) Incentives are only material stimulation, they can be used to destroy human morality.(C) Incentives do not achieve desired results, moreover, they often produce negative effect.(D) Incentives do not treat everything in terms of money and they are often used to change human mentality.8. According to the passage, with the current incentive structures, the rising of share prices _____.(A) is surely the reliable barometer of a company’s performances(B) will endanger the company and do harm to the share holders(C) is often driven up by corporate managers to boost their bonuses(D) proves the necessity of reforms for the financial sector9. The author introduced the “dual masters of profitability and community service” of the traditional bankers _____.(A) to support the view that “banking has no moral dimension”(B) to prove that bankers have always been interested in making money(C) to display that the traditional banking is healthier and more successful(D) to argue that bankers could be saints so long as they serve the community10. Which of the following can be the major conclusion of the author?(A) Strict limits should be imposed by the government on executive pay.(B) The time-dishonored tradition of incentive structures could jeopardize companies.(C) The financial sector could be reformed on the basis of compensation structures.(D) The moral dimension should be separated from incentive structures.Questions 11-15Quick quiz: Who has a more vitriolic relationship with the US? The French or the British. If you guessed the French, consider this: Paris newspaper polls show that 72 percent of the French hold a favorable impression of the United States. Yet UK polls over the past decade show a lower percentage of the British have a favorable impression of the United States.Britain’s highbrow newspaper, The Guardian, sets the UK’s intellectual tone. On any given day you can easily read a handful of stories sniping at the US and things American. The BBC’s Radio 4, which is a domestic news and talk radio station, regularly laments Britain’s social warts and follows them up with something that has become the national mantra, “Well, at least we’re not as bad as the Americans.”This isn’t a new trend: British abhorrence of America antedates George W. Bush and the invasion of Iraq. On 9/11 as the second plane was slamming into the World Trade Center towers my wife was on the phone with an English friend of many years. In the background she heard her friend’s teenage son shout in front of the TV, “Yeah! The Americans are finally getting theirs.” The animosity may be unfathomable to those raised to think ofBritain as “the mother country” for whom we fought two world wars and with whom we won the cold war.So what’s it all about?I often asked that during the years I lived in London. One of the best answers came from an Englishwoman with whom I shared a table for coffee. She said, “It’s because we used to be big and important and we aren’t any more. Now it’s America that’s big and important and we can never forgive you for that.” A detestation of things American has become as dependable as the tides on the Thames rising and falling four times a day. It feeds a flagging British sense of national self-importance.A new book documenting the virulence of more than 30 years of corrosive British animosity reveals how deeply rooted it has become in the UK’s national psyche. “[T]here is no reasoning with people who have come to believe America is now a ‘police state’ and the USA is a ‘disgrace across most of the world,’” writes Carol Gould, an American expatriate novelist and journalist, in her book “Don’t Tread on Me.”A brief experience shortly after George W. Bush’s invasion of Iraq illustrates that. An American I know was speaking on the street in London one morning. Upon hearing his accent, a British man yelled, “Take your tanks and bombers and go back to America.” Then the British thug punched him repeatedly. No wonder other American friends of mine took to telling locals they were from Canada. The local police recommended prosecution. But upon learning the victim was an American, crown prosecutors dropped the case even though the perpetrator had a history of assaulting foreigners.The examples of this bitterness continue:I recall my wife and I having coffee with a member of our church. The woman, who worked at Buckingham Palace, launched a conversation with, “Have you heard the latest dumb American joke?” which incidentally turned out to be a racial slur against blacks. It’s common to hear Brits routinely dismiss Americans as racists (even with an African-American president), religious nuts, global polluters, warmongers, cultural philistines, and as intellectual Untermenschen.The United Kingdom’s counterintelligence and security agency has identified some 5,000 Muslim extremists in the UK but not even they are denounced with the venom directed at Americans. A British office manager at CNN once informed me that any English high school diploma was equal to an American university degree. This predilection for seeing evil in all things American defies intellect and reason. By themselves, these instances might be able to be brushed off, but combined they amount to British bigotry.Oscar Wilde once wrote, “The English mind is always in a rage.” But the energy required to maintain that British rage might be better channeled into paring back what the Economist (a British news magazine) calls “an overreaching, and inefficient state with unaffordable aspirations around the world.” The biggest problem is that, as with all hatred, it tends to be self-destructive. The danger is that as such, it perverts future generations.The UK public’s animosity doesn’t hurt the United States if Americans don’t react in kind. This bigotry does hurt the United Kingdom, however, because there is something sad about a society that must denigrate and malign others to feed its own self-esteem. What Britain needs to understand is that this ill will has poisoned the enormous reservoir of good will Britain used to enjoy in America. And unless the British tweak their attitude, they stand to become increasingly irrelevant to the American people.11. Which of the following is NOT the example given by the author to show the British abhorrence of America?(A) A boy shouted “The Americans are finally getting theirs.” when watching TV on 9/11.(B) A woman working at Buckingham Palace told an American joke against blacks.(C) An American speaking on a London street was punched and no prosecution followed.(D) An English author once wrote, “the English mind is always in a rage.”12. The word “animosity” used in the passage can best be replaced by _____.(A) strong hatred (B) total indifference(C) great sympathy (D) sheer irrelevance13. The author quoted from the American novelist Carol Gould’s book _____.(A) to reveal how America has become a police state(B) to expand on the British attitude to America(C) to explain the changing course of British mentality to America(D) to document the past 30 years of relationship between Britain and America14. The author argues that the UK public opinion about America will _____.(A) undermine the relations between the UK and the US(B) be self-destructive to Great Britain(C) destroy the self-esteem of both the UK and the US(D) hurt the United States except the United Kingdom15. What is the best title for the passage?(A) “Police state”: America in the eyes of the UK public(B) “The mother country”: Britain and America fought two world wars(C) The British national psyche of self-importance(D) The ally the British love to hateQuestions 16-20History may soon become extinct in our secondary schools, only less missed and less lamented than before. A new study by the Historical Association found that 3 out of 10 comprehensives no longer bother to teach the subject, which isn’t part of the core curriculum after the age of 13. Only 30 per cent do GCSE history. The researchers interviewed 700 history teachers. Most British kids can name every contestant appearing in The X Factor, but a substantial number don’t know about the Battle of Trafalgar, 20 per cent believe the Germans, Spanish or Americans once occupied Britain and some think Winston Churchill was the first man to walk on the moon.And who were the dunces who decided to make this subject optional? Why the Tories when last they ruled over us. That was then. Today’s Tories are ardent History Boys, eager to return to the days when the past was hammered into the heads of the young, or embellished tales of glory to give British children an inheritance of innate superiority. Michael Gove, Shadow Schools Secretary for Children, has been banging on about this for a while and earlier this year the Tory Andrew Rosindell raised the issue in parliament, but regrettably turned a serious debate into brassy, right-wing patriotism: “The peoples of these magnificent British Isles...have a rich and proud history like no other”. Really, sir? So Fat Henry and his sorry wives or Churchill only have to stand up to blank out the histories of Egypt, Turkey, Mexico, Austria, Greece, India, France, Iran and other old lands? Many of us who long passionately for the reinstatement of history as a core GCSE subject are now concerned about the substance and purpose behind the Tory plans to do just that. They have a burning desire to use history as a feelgood hallucinogen, get its band of revisionist stars to head up the cavalry, to lead us back to the future. As this prospect approaches, at times I think the current state of ignorance may prove to be less harmful. When politicians exploit these and turn them into propaganda, the results can be lethal.We are not immune. Thousands of Britons today swallow the BNP’s message and vote for racist views, thus betraying the legacy of their iconic war against Nazism and the millions of Indians, Africans, Chinese, Caribbeans and others who fought with this country in both world wars. When the BBC hosts these blackguards on its most prestigious programmes and uses democracy as an excuse, it too is guilty of treacherous historicalamnesia. Arguably, the lack of good historical education makes our citizens more open to neo-Nazi brain-washers. Young Muslims too, are easily plucked off by charismatic Islamicists who weave fictionalised accounts of splendiferous Islamic epochs when they did no wrong and brought paradise to earth.There is another disconcerting trend. Britain is deeply conservative and these days looks back longingly to the Tudors, Georgians, Victorians, Edwardians, wartime Britons, and now the Sixties. Showman historians provide our public with an entertaining and comforting view of what has gone before. Audiences are never really forced to question things or feel troubled. If we are to reinstate history as a key subject in secondary schools, we must do so with a better understanding of its impact, and design the syllabus to tell as full a story as possible of this complicated nation and its connections to the world. Few in power have the imagination to take up this challenge because that would be too tricky. Yet our children have a right to learn about British fascism as well as the battles and ultimate victory over Hitler; they need to be taught about how this country set up the endless conflict in Palestine, and the mistakes made by the British government when Zimbabwe was created. Hardly anyone over 20 in Britain knows this. The coming generations surely must, if only to understand the games played during the bitter Cold War, particularly as we may be returning to those days.The long neglected positive aspects of our history also need to be exhumed. As left-wing historians often point out, the hard-won democratic rights we enjoy were not bestowed by kings and the landed gentry, but were wrested by oppressed peasants, industrial working classes and the abject poor. Most black, Asian and Arab British children do not know about the many white anti-Imperialist MPs and an alarming number are woefully ignorant of the erudite Arabists who loved the Middle East and its many cultures. If we had known better the history of Iraq and Afghanistan, our government might have avoided the foolhardy and disastrous interventions that have left us with no credit. I write here as one of the ignoramuses. I was not taught anything about Afghanistan and have only now started to understand a little more about the people and the places.Oscar Wilde wrote: “The one duty we owe to history is to rewrite it”. And having rewritten it as honestly as possible, to teach it to those who will inherit our land.16. When the author says “today’s Tories are ardent History Boys” (para. 2), he implies that _____.(A) the Tories should be responsible for having made the subject of history optional(B) the Tories have realised the mistakes they made in the past(C) the Tories plan to resume the course of history in secondary education(D) the Tories want to use history to gain back the ruling power of the country17. Which of the following is true?(A) Winston Churchill was a statesman in the 20th century British history.(B) The Germans, Spanish or Americans once occupied Britain.(C) British fascism led to the ultimate victory over Hitler in World War II.(D) The Battle of Trafalgar was fought in the Trafalgar Square in London.18. The passage mentions the histories of Egypt, Turkey, Mexico, Austria, Greece, India, France, Iran and other old lands _____.(A) to support the right-wing patriotism of the Tory Andrew Rosindell(B) to show the proud history of Great Britain over the past centuries(C) to question the right-wing patriotism of the Tory Andrew Rosindell(D) to agree with the Tories on the interpretation of the British history19. Which of the following is not the author’s major concern about the reinstatement of history as a core GCSE subject?。

2010年中国政法大学中欧法学院硕士项目复试面试试题

Questions for entrance exam2010Question1to10by Prof.Hinrich Julius1.A new tort law was approved in December2009by the Standing Committee of the National Peoples Congress of China,regulating liabilities for a range of circumstances, for example traffic accidents,medical accidents,work-related injuries,pollution.Many of the substantial issues regulated in this new law are already object of regulations in other laws and regulations as well as court interpretations.For example the duty to compensate emotional damages was already acknowledged by the Supreme Court in 2002,a liability for environmental pollution does already exist in Chinas“General Principles of Civil Law”from1987and several specific laws and the product-liability is already regulated in the Food Safety Law and the Law on Liability for Product Quality. Critics argue that the law does not introduce new substantial matters in the field of tort law.What are the major arguments for a central regulation like this,even though in some fields it only repeats already existing laws,regulations and interpretations?2.In December2009Akhmal Shaikh,a British citizen of Pakistani origin,was the first European being executed in China in more than50years.He was arrested atÜrümqi International Airport in December2007carrying4kilograms of Heroin hidden in his baggage.It seems that Central Asian drug smugglers,using his delusional ambitions to become a pop star in China,convinced him to take a suitcase with heroin on board a plane into China.In the court proceedings he first declared himself mentally sane and later pleaded for an examination on mental disorder.With the argumentation that under Chinese law necessary evidence of earlier mental health problems could not be provided, a specific examination of his health did not take place.In spite of many efforts by an international organization working against the death penalty“Reprieve”and the British government Shaikh was executed on December29th2009.This case was discussed widely in the international press.Which arguments could be used to criticize this court decision?What are the arguments in favor of the deciding court and the Chinese Government?3.In2010the Greece is having difficulties to refinance its public debt.More than35 billion€need to be refinanced ernment bonds early in2010had to pay an interest rate of6,25%,a rate around3%higher than Germany would have to accept. The European Union Treaty contains a so called“no bailout clause”,meaning that the member states are not responsible for debt of other members.Possible solutions to the debt crisis of Greece(and possibly other highly indebted European countries)are bilateral agreements with other member states to support future fiscal policy,an intervention of the European Central Bank(which does not yet have the power to react) or an intervention of the International Monetary Fund.Furthermore Greece will have to decide on budget reforms.Please discuss advantages and disadvantages of each of these reactions.4.A European Company wants to invest in China.Having read a lot about“rule of law”and the relevance of personal contacts(“guanxi”)its representative in Beijing does not know how to proceed?Contacts with relevant people,company structure,necessary licenses,work permits,finding premises and finding staff are all very important.How would you structure his next steps?What needs to be done first and what can wait? What is more important than other things?5.Conflicts among neighbors are known in China and Europe.Greater legal problems can especially be seen,when these neighbors are owners of the respective flats.The Chinese property law(and comparable legislations in other countries)regulates possible conflicts(decoration work,remodeling,repairs,usage of common ground,parking spaces,noise,pets…).Without detailed knowledge of the regulations,which possible means of solving conflicts(or making common decisions)do you see in a compound of 200flats and families plus15commercial units plus a parking ground owned by the managing company?6.Medical malpractice was an important issue during the drafting of the new Chinese Tort Law.Please take two typical cases as examples to discuss necessary areas of regulation.a)A healthy middle aged man is brought to the hospital due to an accident on his way to work.A broken joint was diagnosed and he has to stay in the hospital.Two days later he dies.His wife does not know why nor can she get any information from the hospital.b)A patient is treated in a hospital and with all possible care no reason for his disease could be found.Only an examination of his body after his death gives the necessary information that could have saved his life.7.Medical malpractice was an important issue during the drafting of the new Chinese Tort Law.Please take two typical cases as examples to discuss necessary areas of regulation.a)In an understaffed hospital the doctors and nurses give their best to provide care for all patients.Due to the error of one doctor after too long working hours,a false medication was prescribed to a patient that damages his health.b)Without information of the patient a new medication is given to him by the hospital,which leads to severe damages.8.The property market in China is booming.Seller and buyer of an apartment do need a secure and safe way to sell and buy.Agreement,transfer of money,transfer of ownership and transfer of the apartment itself needs to be organized.All countries of the world have different regulations on the organization of the actions.Please discuss possible safe ways to organize the sale of an apartment(How to insure,that the seller receives the purchase price?How to insure that the buyers becomes owner of the apartment?).9.Please discuss the relationship of car insurance and regulations regarding traffic accidents.Tort Laws in all countries of the world regulate the liability of car drivers hurting other traffic participants.Why do many countries know mandatory car insurance against accidents?Why do most countries have ceilings on the maximum amounts to be covered by these insurances?10.Every country of this world has some form of insolvency proceedings.An enterprise insolvency law is in effect in China since June2007.Why is it necessary to regulate insolvency proceedings in a market economy and what needs to be regulated?Question11to15by Prof.Wang Jianxun11.It is widely reported that the State Council is making an ordinance on expropriation, which would regulate the takeover of private property under the condition of public interest.But practitioners,experts,and the ordinary people do not agree upon the meaning and scope of public interest.Could you propose an approach to define public interest to shed some light on the debate?12.Some have recently argued that the household registration system(the hukou system) should not be dismantled primarily because the government has no financial capability of providing the same welfare benefits for the rural people as those enjoyed by the urban residents.Do you,as a legal analyst,agree with this argument and reasoning?Why?13.Quite a few metropolitans,including Beijing,are enforcing a policy of prohibiting or limiting automobiles to run on certain dates to mitigate traffic jam.One supporting reason for the enforcement of this policy is that the majority of the people surveyed uphold it.Do you think that the policy is consistent with the current Chinese laws and the Constitution of1982?Can the majority support of the policy help justify it?14.In the past few years,a number of citizens have been arrested for disseminating rumors on the internet,including the case of earthquake rumor in Shanxi province a few months ago.In your view,should rumors be under the protection of the freedom of speech provided in the Chinese Constitution?Why?15.Some legal scholars maintain that the Chinese courts ought not to practice judicial review,partially because,according to the Chinese Constitution,the authority to interpret the Constitution is exclusively assigned to the Standing Committee of the National People’s Congress,which implies that the courts have no authority to perform the task of constitutional interpretation.How do you evaluate this argument and reasoning?Question16to24by Prof.Pissler16.Please describe shortly the legislative system of the PRC.Which state organs are involved from the drafting of a new law to the promulgation?17.What are the legal devices of a Chinese citizen to challenge the decision of a state organ to reject the application to issue a specific administrative act(e.g.the permission to establish a company)?18.Explain the difference between contractual obligations and obligations arising from tortious acts.19.What is the importance of the concept of limited liability in business organizations(e.g. in a limited liability company)?Under which circumstances should there be exceptions to the concept of limited liability?20.Please explain why there is a potential conflict of interests between shareholders and managers in most legal forms of business organizations.21.Please explain the differences between mediation/conciliation,arbitration and court proceedings.22.What is the characteristic of non-profit organisations(as opposed to for-profit organisations)and which forms of these organisations are available under Chinese law?23.What idea stands behind the concept of res judicata(unappealability of a judgement etc.)and why is this concept challenged in China?24.What is the role of the Supreme Peoples’Court of the PRC in the court system and the legislative system in China?Question25to29by Prof.Colneric25.Imagine a country in which discrimination on grounds of sex is prohibited.An employer dismissed a woman because she is pregnant.Is this discrimination on grounds of sex?26.Imagine a country in which discrimination on grounds of sex is prohibited.A municipality in that country does not admit women to its fire brigade.Is this discrimination on grounds of sex?27.Imagine a country in which discrimination on grounds of age is prohibited.An airline company dismisses all the pilots that have reached the age of55.Is this discrimination on grounds of age?28.Imagine a country in which discrimination on grounds of disability is prohibited.A woman who suffers from a skin disease affecting her face was not employed by a company because of this.Is this discrimination on grounds of disability?29.Imagine a country which prescribes the principle of equal pay for male and female workers for equal work or work of equal value.In a company full time workers get extra vacation payment.Part time workers do not receive such payment.90%of the part time workers and40%of the full time workers are women.Has the company infringed the above mentioned principle?Question30by Prof.Fang Liufang30.In China,a law diploma is not required as a condition to attend the state judicial examination(国家司法考试).Given this circumstance,why should you attend the law school?。

欧盟口译司的证书更有分量

欧盟口译司的证书更有分量国际共声翻译协会(International Association of Consultant Interpreters，简称AIIC)那一言业组织。

当协会建立于1953年，IACI的*身份被普遍以为是会议口译员的最下专业认证。

要加进IACI，务必到整日造的会议口译专业进修二年，弃得高档翻译学院的硕士白凭，到场工作先，必须干谦150天的国际会议，并常常遵照口译学会专业品德标准，此外，必须有3个以上，会龄在5年以上的资淡*做保障人，担保人必须和您在一个大组并肩工作功。

演绎伏来，参加IACI没有须要考试，IACI履行的是更为严厉的偕行在工作外对于你的检查。

欧盟口译认证JICS(European Commission JointInterpreting and Conference Service)，设在比利时的都城布鲁塞我。

它在85年引入中国，与内政部和商务部签署框架协定，旨在辅助中国造就高级翻译人材，特殊是同传。

挑选顺序是后由各费择劣推举，参加提拔的口译人员的条件为25岁到30岁，有3年相干工作教训及英语专业标科以上学历。

需求通过始试，单试和最初的口试。

现在只要英语和法语两个语种。

理论上，世界最大的口译团队不在结合国，而是在欧盟委员会。

欧委会口译总司仅侧式招聘的异翻译员就有远500实，可以把英语译成19种语行。

欧盟与尔国签定协议,怎么进聊天室网址，依照许诺，欧盟每一年要为中国培育必定数目的译员，中国常驻世界商业组织大使孙振宇就是此中的佼佼者。

据参加过培训的学员先容，欧盟特地重视说话品质，在乎时态用法，和言语能否通畅流利。

因为欧盟成员国的很多国民都懂至多两门里语，欧委会的翻译必须译得十分隧道，让母语国家的人听得舒畅,妞妞基地。

以是可以道，欧盟口译司的证书更有重量，其易度也不可思议。

添放大口译和笔译事情者委员会(Canadian Translators and Interpreters Council,简称CTIC)，认真实行天下同一尺度的翻译职业认证考试。

中高级口译2010年新闻题回顾

中高级口译2010年新闻题回顾+2011年春季新闻题预测by Traivs.P （新东方口译研究中心）时间2010年3月实考2010年9月实考2011年3月预测Q1 Copenhagen Launch Fund 哥本哈根启动基金Banks slash business loan紧缩信贷Global economy into the recovery,stock复苏中的全球经济世界股市Q2 Canadian economic recovery 加拿大经济复苏Trade between EU and LatinAmerica欧盟与拉美的贸易President Hu’s visit to U.S.orDPRK胡锦涛访美朝核问题Q3 Dubai World’s delay on debtrepayment迪拜世界拖欠债务Plane crash in Libya利比亚空难Pirates in Somalia Riots in Egypt索马里海盗埃及骚乱Q4 Demonstration against WTO ministerial meetingWTO部长级会议遭抗议Retailer sees a rise in its quarterly profits.零售商利润增长Oil spill in the Gulf of Mexicoor ecological problem墨西哥石油泄露生态环境问题Q5 Ban Ki-moon’s condolences 潘基文慰问遇难者Financial regulation in Germany金融监管打击投机The fallout of Iraqi War，Medical Reform奥巴马的撤军政策&内政，医保附“中高级口译常见新闻英语词汇合集”Accord: agreement 协议，条约≈treaty；protocolAir: to make known, broadcast 广播，播放Assail: To criticize strongly 谴责Axe: To dismiss from a job; To cut, destroy, take away 大幅削减Back: To support 支持≈embraceBalk: To refuse to accept 拒绝；阻碍Ban: Prohibition; prohibit 禁止Bar: Not to allow, exclude 排外；禁止Bid: Attempt, offer 企图；努力in a bid to…Bilk: To cheat 欺骗≈swindleBlast: Explosion; strong criticism; To criticize strongly; strike with explosives爆炸；严厉批评Blaze: Fire 火；火焰Blow: Injury / disappointment suffered 遭受到的不幸或打击Boost: Promotion/promote, increase, support 促进≈fuelChide: Ridicule 责骂；奚落Claim: To declare to be true; To kill 声称；夺命Clash: Dispute, violent argument, Battle (n.); To disagree strongly; fight (v.) 冲突Cool: Uninterested; unfriendly 冷漠≈indifferentCurb: Restraint, limit 限制；抑制Deadlock: A disagreement that cannot be settled 僵局≈stalemateDeal: Agreement 共识；协议Drive: Campaign, effort 运动；事业Due: Expected 到期；预计到Envoy: Diplomat 特使Eye: To watch with interest 凝视；盯着Face: Undergo 面临；经历Fault: To find in the wrong 找茬；吹毛求疵Feud: Dispute, strong disagreement 世代结仇；斗争Flay: To accuse; criticize strongly 严厉指责Foe: Opponent; enemy 敌人；仇敌；≈rivalFoil: To prevent from succeeding 阻挠Gems: Jewels 珠宝；珍宝Go-ahead: Approval 同意；许可Grab: Seize, win 抓住；赢得Grip: To take hold of 把握Gut: To destroy completely by fire 损毁（内部）；彻底烧毁Halt: Stop 停滞≈standstillHaul: Large quantity which has been stolen and later discovered 失而复得Head: To lead, direct 朝向Head off: To prevent 阻止Held: To restrict 限制Heist: Theft 抢夺Hit: To affect badly 打击Hold: To keep in police control; detain 拘留；拘押≈in custodyInk: To sign 签署≈put pen to…Jet: Aero plane 喷气飞机Jobless: Unemployed 失业Key: Essential, vital, very, important 关键≈crucial; pivotalKick off: To begin 开始Lash out: To criticize strongly; accuse 指责；控诉Laud: To praise 表彰≈acclaimLaunch: To begin 开启；启动Line: Position; demand 排列Link: To connect 连接Loom: Expected in the near future 隐约出现Loot: To take away of valuable goods unlawfully (v.); Stolen money or goods (n.) 洗劫；抢夺Man: RepresentativeNab: To capture 抢夺；盗窃Net: To total; To capture 总额；捕获Nod: Approval 同意Ordeal: Painful experience, drama 痛苦；严峻考验；折磨Office: An important government position 政府职位Opt: Choose; decide 选择opt for…Oust: To take power away from, push out, drive out, replace 驱逐；剥夺Output: Production 产出Pact: Agreement, treaty 协议Pay: Wages, salary 工资Pit: Coal mine 煤矿；坑Plea: Request for help 恳求Pledge: Promise 许诺≈make commitmentPlunge: Steep fall 暴跌Poised: Ready for action 泰然自若；平衡≈balancedPoll: Election, public opinion survey; Voting station 投票；公投Post: Position in government, business, etc.职位Press for: To demand, ask for 要求Probe: investigation 调查Prompt: To cause 促使Push: Encourage, support 鼓励；激励Quit: Leave, resign 放弃≈abort 废除Quiz: Question, interrogation 调查Rage: To burn out of control 激烈地进行；肆虐Raid: Attack, robbery 攻击，突击Rap: Accusation; charge; To criticize, reprimand 指责；指控Riddle: Mystery 谜Rock: To shock; to surprise 惊人Rout: To defeat completely 击溃；溃败Row: To quarrel, argument, dispute 争吵Rule: To decide (especially in court) 判决；裁决Rule out: To not consider as a possibility 排除Sack: Dismiss from a job 开除；下岗Sac k (from “ransack”): To search thoroughly and rob 洗劫Scare: Public alarm 恐慌≈panicSet: Decide on, ready 考虑，决定Slam: criticize 批评；抨击Smash: defeat 打败；重创Slay: To kill or murder 杀死≈annihilate 彻底消灭Snag: Problem; difficulty 意想不到的障碍Snub: To pay no attention to 冷落；怠慢Soar: To rise rapidly 飙升Solon: legislator 立法者≈legislator; Congressman; Law-maker Spark: To cause; to lead to action促使；导致≈trigger; prompt Split: To divide 分离Squeeze: Shortage, scarcity 紧锁Stalemate: A disagreement that cannot be settled 僵局≈dead lock Stall: Making no progress 使…停滞；陷入泥潭Stance: Attitude, way of thinking 立场Stem: To prevent or stop 阻止≈curbStorm: Angry reaction, dispute 暴怒；猛冲Strife: conflict 冲突Sway: To influence or persuade 动摇；影响Swindle: An unlawful way of getting money 诈骗≈fra ud; scam Switch: Change, deviation 变化Swoop: Sudden attack or raid 突袭；≈assault; forayTalks: discussion 谈判；negotiation; consultationThwart: To prevent from being successful 阻止；≈hinder, impede Ties: relations 关系；≈links; bondsTop: To exceed 超过; ≈surpass;Tot: Child 孩子Toddler 幼童Trim：To cut 削减；slash 大幅削减Trigger：To cause 导致，诱发；Urge: insist, strongly request 敦促；呼吁; call for..;Vie：To compete 竞争Void：To determine to be invalid 作废；使…无效；Vow：To promise 宣誓，pledge; swear;Walkout：Strike (often unofficial) ；stage a walkout 罢工Wed: To marry 结婚Wedlock: Marriage 婚姻Weigh：To consider 斟酌了、考虑《高口翻译教程》（第三版）热点课文推荐：英译汉部分：P85 Tough Labor Market in Western Countries P146 Venture Capital in the United StatesP170 General Provisions of Economic Contracts汉译英部分：P262 东方明珠广播电视塔P269 上海浦东新区P289 中国国际地毯交易会P343 涉外经济合同一般条款。

【免费下载】英语牛人同传之路一年考进欧盟口译司震惊转载

如何用一年时间考上欧盟口译司【转】(震撼!)今天受到了欧盟口译司的录取通知以下告诉大家，我如何准备和通过考试的我的网名叫做jacky，大学在青岛市念书，4年，中国海洋大学的计算机科学与技术。

我并不象很多人那样关注现在的流行，超级女声、快乐男声，加油!好男儿、李宇春、张靓颖或者周笔畅，我甚至可能也不知道谁是全国7进6，8进7，我可能还不知道有关满城尽带黄金甲，巩俐和章子怡的最新消息，可是我却知道第六轮六方会谈的结果，我也知道中国暴雨洪灾的后果，受灾地区，我还有着一段值得人驻足的一段经历。

毕业之后工作两年，辞职孤单一人来到北京准备考研。

当初准备的是北外的高翻学院，也就是大家俗称的同传专业。

但是那时候除了看的是同传的高薪之外，还有自己提高自己的英语水平。

我一开始，英语程度也就是6级，但是经常锻炼口语，所以交流很流畅。

这是我惟一的优势，其他的，没有工作，计算机专业，看来都不是什么好事情。

可是我有着很多人没有的一样东西，那就是坚定的毅力，这是我后来能够成功被录取的最重要的一点。

从那年1月开始，我认真准备，但是当时对于高翻没有清晰的概念，所以很幼稚的觉得，把一套新东方推荐的60篇文章背诵下来，然后背诵GRE词汇就可以解决问题了。

结果，大概一个月之后，发现语言运用能力的确有所提高，但是要是参加考试远远不够，因为那时候开始接触《经济学家》，发现根本看不懂。

于是在网络上疯狂的搜索和高翻相关的内容，论坛、网站、blog等等，也开始获得了大量的信息，其中几个重要的网站在这里推荐一下：○如果你想要找一个最综合的口译资料资源练习方法的网站，就去这里看看/bbs/forumdisplay.php?fid=56○如果你还没有认真的看过经济学家,那考高翻就太困难了，经济学家师一定要看的，而且最好每天都看几篇。

经济学家中国：/forum/index.php○如果你要考北外，那么究一定要经常到北外专门的校内网去看看最新的消息，还有很多牛人在哪里发帖。

完整。2010年3月高级口译真题及答案

Directions:In this part of the test, you will hear a passage and read the same passage with blanks in it. Fill in each of the blanks with the word or words you have heard on the tape. Write your answer in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET. Remember you will hear the passage ONLY ONCE.Today, we'll talk about what other effects watching TV might produce on children.Children should be _______ (1) a lot of television, many experts and parents agree, but there is at least one circumstance when it might be beneficial: _______ (2). A recent study conducted by Italian researchers found that children _______ (3) immediately preceding and during blood tests experienced less pain than children whose mothers _______ (4) during the procedure, or children whose mothers were present but _______ (5).The research, led by Carlo Brown, MD, at the University of Siena, is published in the Archives of Disease in Childhood, _______ (6) the study. None received any type of anesthesia; the children and their mothers _______ (7).Both the group whose mothers attempted to distract them from the blood tests and those whose mothers simply observed reported _______ (8) than the group who watched cartoons. For that group, the levels of pain were less and the children were better able to _______ (9).One of the possible explanations is that children might have _______ (10) during the procedures, exacerbating their perception of pain. "The higher pain level reported by children during _______ (11) shows the difficulty mothers have in interacting positively _______ (12) in their children's life," the authors write.However, they stressed that _______ (13) still provided benefits, noting that the children would _______ (14) during the procedures. "Indeed, children state that having their parent present _______ (15) when in pain," say the authors.Another possibility offered for consideration is the notion that the _______ (16) might release pain-quelling endorphins. Endorphins, _______ (17) produced by the pituitary gland, resemble opiates in their ability to produce analgesia and a sense of well-being. In other words, they might _______ (18).In any case, the study results suggest that health workers should _______ (19) to watch television during painful procedures _______ (20).Part B: Listening ComprehensionDirections: In this part of the test there will be some short talks and conversations. After each one, you will be asked some questions. The talks, conversations and questions will be spoken ONLY ONCE. Now listen carefully and choose the right answer to each question you have heard and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Questions 1 to 5 are based on the following conversation.1. (A) A change in French eating habits.(B) A boom in long-hour meals in France.(C) The origin of hamburgers.(D) The home of the sit-down mid-day meal.2. (A) A variation in food supply.(B) A change in the workforce.(C) A rise in food prices.(D) A fall in white-collarization.3. (A) Bakeries now offer a limited range of albeit excellent products.(B) There are about four kinds of bread, breakfast and dessert pastries.(C) Bakeries sell sandwiches mainly in the working-class areas.(D) France is currently witnessing a boom in sandwich business.4. (A) Men usually like to eat more hamburgers than women do in France.(B) Men, more likely to be working behind a jackhammer, need to eat so much.(C) Women make up almost half the labor force in France now.(D) Women have to pick up the children late from the day-care center.5. (A) Because the bakeries have adapted the idea of fast food and made it French products.(B) Because the bakeries have offered something that's very close to what is called fast food.(C) Because the hamburgers have ham and butter in them.(D) Because the hamburgers do not cost so much as those offered by McDonald.Questions 6 to 10 are based on the following news.6. (A) Three. (B) Four.(C) Eleven. (D) Eighteen7. (A) To intensify Tokyo's role in peacekeeping missions abroad.(B) To stop the country's air force transport mission in Iraq.(C) To override the lower house's decision.(D) To approve the Democratic Party's bill to continue the mission.8. (A) Worsening water scarcity. (B) Increasing risks of diseases.(C) Triggering mass displacement. (D) Reducing the population in Asia.9. (A) To resume peace talks which have been halted for a long time.(B) To forge and sign a peace treaty pledged by both sides.(C) To dispel his skepticism over chances for a deal before he leaves office.(D) To open a 44-nation conference over the Middle East issue.10. (A) 60%. (B) 26%.(C) 21%. (D) 20%.Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following interview.11. (A) What to do to control crime.(B) What role a lawyer plays in a court case.(C) How to tell a hardened criminal from a first-time offender.(D) How to convict a criminal and put him in prison.12. (A) Deterrence.(B) Quick conviction.(C) The social structure.(D) The economy.13. (A) Education programs are not so effective as required.(B) Drug treatment programs are insufficiently funded.(C) Some rehabilitation programs inside prisons have been stopped.(D) More people are convicted than prison space can accommodate.14. (A) These programs are mainly intended for the kingpins of drug deals to get rehabilitated.(B) These programs are currently carried out in most states in the country.(C) These programs aim to develop a culture inside the prisons.(D) These programs have psychological and educational components.15. (A) Because gangs start in prisons and make prison a repressive experience.(B) Because criminals tend to be repeat offenders.(C) Because there is no stigma attached to most criminals.(D) Because society doesn't look at released prisoners with disdain.Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following talk.16. (A) How to interact with colleagues and clients face to face.(B) How to make effective telephone conversations.(C) What skills are needed to get and hold down a job.(D) What makes for an excellent ability to express yourself.17. (A) (A) Managerial. (B) Technological.(C) Financial. (D) Social.18. (A) Basic to advanced knowledge of computer application.(B) Ability to calculate all transactions, profits and costs.(C) Creativity in making presentations to clients.(D) Proficiency in at least one foreign language.19. (A) To create your own databases on the computer.(B) To enhance your social skills by holding parties with your friends.(C) To use the computer in free time and become familiar with its operation.(D) To store as many telephone numbers and addresses as you can.20. (A) Graduating students.(B) Trainee managers.(C) Professional secretaries.(D) Low-level administrative staff.Directions:In this section you will read several passages. Each one is followed by several questions about it. You are to choose ONE best answer, (A), (B), (C) or (D), to each question. Answer all the questions following each passage on the basis of what is stated or implied in that passage and write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space in your ANSWER BOOKLET.Question 1-5Life expectancy in the richest countries of the world now exceeds the poorest by more than 30 years, figures show. The gap is widening across the world, with Western countries and the growing economies of Latin America and the Far East advancing more rapidly than Africa and the countries of the former Soviet Union. Average life expectancy in Britain and similar countries of the OECD was 78.8 in 2000-05, an increase of more than seven years since 1970-75 and almost 30 years over the past century. In sub-Saharan Africa, life expectancy has increased by just four months since 1970, to 46.1 years. Narrowing this "health gap" will involve going beyond the immediate causes of disease—poverty, poor sanitation and infection—to tackle the "causes of the causes" —the social hierarchies in which people live, says the report published by the Global Commission on the Social Determinants of Health established by the WHO in 2005. Professor Sir Michael Marmot, chairman of the commission, who first coined the term "status syndrome", said social status was the key to tackling health inequalities worldwide. In the 1980s, in a series of ground-breaking studies among Whitehall civil servants, Professor Marmot showed that the risk of death among those on the lower rungs of the career ladder was four times higher than those at the top, and that the difference was linked with the degree of control the individuals had over their lives.He said yesterday that the same rule applied in poorer countries. If people increased their status and gained more control over their lives they improved their health because they were less vulnerable to the economic and environmental threats. "When people think about those in poor countries they tend to think about poverty, lack of housing, sanitation and exposure to infectiousdisease. But there is another issue, the social gradient in health which I called status syndrome. It is not just those at the bottom of the hierarchy who have worse health; it is all the way along the scale. Those second from the bottom have worse health than those above them but better health than those below."The interim report of the commission, in the online edition of The Lancet, says the effects of status syndrome extend from the bottom to the top of the hierarchy, with Swedish adults holding a PhD having a lower death rate than those with a master's degree. The study says: "The gradient is a worldwide occurrence, seen in low-income, middle-income and high-income countries. It means we are all implicated."The result is that even within rich countries such as Britain there are striking inequalities in life expectancy. The poorest men in Glasgow have a life expectancy of 54, lower than the average in India. The answer, the report says, is empowerment, of individuals, communities and whole countries. "Technical and medical solutions such as medical care are without doubt necessary. But they are insufficient." Professor Marmot said: "We talk about three kinds of empowerment. If people don't have the material necessities, they cannot be empowered. The second kind is psycho-social empowerment: more control over their lives. The third is political empowerment: having a voice."The commission's final report, to be published soon, will identify the ill effects of low status and make recommendations for how they can be tackled. In Britain a century ago, infant mortality among the rich was about 100 per 1,000 live births compared with 250 per 1,000 among the poor. Infant mortality is still twice as high among the poor in Britain, but the rates have come down dramatically to 7 per 1,000 among the poor and 3.5 among the rich. Professor Marmot said: "We have made dramatic progress, but this is not about abolishing the rankings, but by identifying the ill effects of hierarchies we can make huge improvement."1. Which of the following CANNOT be found from the passage?(A) Life expectancy in Latin America and the Far East is increasing faster than Africa.(B) In Africa, life expectancy had only increased by four years since 1970 to 46.1 years.(C) There is a gap of more than 30 years in life expectancy between the richest countries andthe poorest countries.(D) Within rich countries there are also great inequalities in life expectancy between the richand the poor.2. According to the passage, the term "status syndrome" _______,(A) was first accepted by the World Health Organisation in 2005(B) was proposed by Professor Marmot to describe social changes(C) is used to expose the major causes of health inequalities(D) is used to show the correlation between sanitation and infection3. According to the passage, the effects of status syndrome _______.(A) can only be found from those living at the bottom of the society(B) usually are greater among those from the lower classes(C) are the same on people from each ladder of the social hierarchy(D) extend universally from the bottom to the top of the social hierarchy4. Professor Marmot proposed that "empowerment" should ________.(A) mainly include technical and medical advancement(B) be equal to access to material necessities(C) be material, psycho-social and political(D) be the final answer to the social problem of "health gap"5. What can be concluded from the passage?(A) Health inequality is closely related to social hierarchies.(B) The "causes of the causes" of health gap lie in the differences between rich and poorcountries.(C) Social ranking should be ultimately abolished.(D) The rich countries should give more assistance to poor countries to fill the health gap.Questions 6-10In Idaho's Snake River Valley, where potato farmers depend on electric pumps to water their crops, the state's largest power company hopes to stand tradition on its head and profit by selling farmers less, not more, electricity. To do that, Idaho Power is vastly expanding its energy-efficiency programs for 395,000 residential customers, small businesses, and farmers. Usually the more customers save, the less utilities make. But under an innovative deal with state regulators in March, Idaho Power gets paid for its plants and equipment and boosts profits by winning incentive payments for reducing electric demand.It's an idea that appears to be catching on as legislatures fret about global warming and utilities scramble to meet rising demand without the increasing harassment and cost of building new power plants. Idaho is among 13 states whose regulators have either adopted or proposed measures in the past year to decouple utility profit from electricity production. Decoupling is advancing even faster for natural-gas utilities, with 25 states either adopting or proposing decoupling plans in recent years. "This wave toward 'decoupling' is clearly gathering momentum," says Martin Kushler of the American Council for an Energy-Efficient Economy in Washington. "More states seem to be calling every week to find out about this."Although California pioneered the idea 25 years ago—and strengthened incentives and penalties last month—interest is picking up again because of global warming, experts say. The main idea is that by rearranging the incentive structure, regulators can give utilities clear incentives to push energy efficiency and conservation without hurting their bottom lines. Under the new rules in California, for example, electric utilities could make as much as $150 million extra if they can persuade Californians to save some $2 billion worth of power, according to the Natural Resources Defense Council."This is a vital step in the global-warming fight," says Audrey Chang, an NRDC researcher. "It represents, we hope, a historic shift toward decoupling that is going to help bend the energy demand curve downwards." Beside Idaho, states that this year adopted decoupling for some or all of its electric power industry include New York, Connecticut, and Vermont. At least nine other states have seen major decoupling proposals this year.Idaho Power is happy that its key fixed costs—plants and equipment—are now separated from variable costs of electricity sales such as fuel. Regulators annually readjust those fixed rates—up or down—a maximum of 3 percent to ensure that the company gets no more or less than it has been regulated to receive. But customers should benefit, too, as utility efficiency programs cut energy use and energy bills—something the company is trying hard to do so it can win a bonus if it meets or exceeds energy-cutting goals. "Before there was almost a disincentive to go hard at efficiency because we weren't recovering our fixed costs," says Mike Youngblood, an analyst for Idaho Power. "Now the anticipation is that we will recover our fixed cost, no more or less. And our customers will see their bill go down if they invest in energy efficiency."One key reason utilities are often willing to decouple or even leading proponents of the proposals is because the costs of building a power plant has risen dramatically. A 500-megawatt coal-fired plant that cost $1 billion just a few years ago might cost $1.5 billion today, industry experts say. Add to that growing uncertainty about future costs. Global-warming legislation could put a price of $30 per ton on carbon-dioxide emissions from power plants. That could make coal, the cheapest power today, more costly. Another factor is the rising community opposition to coal-fired power plant construction.In North Carolina, where regulators recently refused a Duke Energy Corp. proposal to build a power plant, the company has instead put forward a controversial decoupling proposal. The plan would pay the company to meet efficiency standards, although consumer advocates and evenenvironmental groups question whether it's a good deal for ratepayers. In fact, some consumer advocates have major reservations about decoupling overall. "Unfortunately, we're seeing utilities trying to use decoupling as a blank check," says Charles Acquard, executive director of the National Association of State Utility Consumer Advocates in Silver Spring, Md. "We're not absolutely opposed to decoupling. It's how you do it that's critical."6. What is the main idea of the passage?(A) Electric utilities lose more profits from reducing electric demand.(B) Electric utilities gain more profits from increasing electric demand.(C) The more electricity customers save, the less profits utilities make.(D) The more electricity customers save, the more incentive payments utilities get.7. Which of the following gives the best definition of the expression "to stand tradition on itshead" (para. 1)?(A) To criticize tradition. (B) To go against tradition.(C) To carry forward tradition. (D) To integrate tradition.8. In the passage, the measures of decoupling used in utility efficiency programs refer to thepractice of ________.(A) separating the utility profits from power production(B) combining fixed costs with variable costs(C) strengthening both incentives and penalties(D) rearranging the incentive structure9. According to the passage, when Idaho Power is building plants and purchasing equipment,such fixed costs _______.(A) will no longer be treated as the costs of electricity sales(B) will partially be covered by state regulators(C) are still to be recovered by the companies(D) are paid from customers' electricity bills10. All of the following are the reasons why electric utilities welcome decoupling EXCEPT______.(A) the rapidly rising cost of building power plants(B) the uncertainty about future costs(C) the community opposition to the building of coal-fired power plants(D) the reservations consumer advocates have about energy-saving measuresQuestions 11-15Historically, TV's interest in "green" issues has been limited to the green that spend: and makes the world go round. (That, and Martians.) As for environmentalism, TV is where people watch SUV ads on energy-sucking giant screens that are as thirsty as a Bavarian at Oktoberfest.But with the greening of politics and pop culture—from Al Gore to Leo DiCaprio to Homer and Marge in The Simpsons Movie—TV is jumping on the biodiesel-fueled band-wagon. In November, NBC (plus Bravo, Sci Fi and other sister channels) will run a week of green-themed episodes, from news to sitcoms. CBS has added a "Going Green" segment to The Early Show. And Fox says it will work climate change into the next season of 24. ("Dammit, Chloe, there's no time! The polar ice cap's going to melt in 15 minutes!")On HGTV's Living with Ed, actor Ed Begley Jr. offers tips for eco-living from his solar-powered house in Studio City, Calif.—see him energy-audit Cheryl Tiegs!—while Sundance airs its documentary block "The Green." MTV will set The Real World: Hollywood in a "green" house. Next year Discovery launches 24-hour eco-lifestyle channel Planet Green, a plan validated this spring when the eco-minded documentary Planet Earth became a huge hit for Discovery. "Green is part of [Discovery's] heritage," says Planet Green president Eileen O'Neill."But as pop culture was starting to recognize it, we realized we could do a better job positioning ourselves."Clearly this is not all pure altruism. Those popular, energy-stingy compact fluorescent bulbs? NBC's owner, General Electric, has managed to sell one or two. "When you have them being a market leader and saying this makes good business sense, people listen to that on [the TV] side," says Lauren Zalaznick, Bravo Media president, who is heading NBC's effort. And green pitches resonate with young and well-heeled viewers (the type who buy Priuses and $2-a-lb. organic apples), two groups the networks are fond of. NBC is confident enough in its green week's appeal to schedule it in sweeps.It's an unlikely marriage of motives. Ad-supported TV is a consumption medium: it persuades you to want and buy stuff. Traditional home shows about renovating and decorating are catnip for retailers like Lowe's and Home Depot. Of course, there are green alternatives to common purchases: renewable wood, Energy Star appliances, hybrid cars. But sometimes the greener choice is simply not to buy so much junk—not the friendliest sell to advertisers.The bigger hurdle, though, may be creative. How the NBC shows will work in the messages is still up in the air. (Will the Deal or No Deal babes wear hemp miniskirts? Will the Bionic Woman get wired for solar?) Interviewed after the 24 announcement, executive producer Howard Gordon hedged a bit on Fox's green promises: "It'll probably be more in the props. We might see somebody drive a hybrid."Will it work? Green is a natural fit on cable lifestyle shows or news programs—though enlisting a news division to do advocacy has its own issues. But commanding a sitcom like The Office to work in an earnest environmental theme sounds like the kind of high-handed p.r. directive that might be satirized on, well, The Office. Even Begley—formerly of St. Elsewhere—notes that the movie Chinatown worked because it kept the subplot about the water supply in Los Angeles well in the background: "It's a story about getting away with murder, and the water story is woven in."Of course, in an era of rampant product placement, there are worse things than persuading viewers to buy a less wasteful light bulb by hanging one over Jack Bauer as he tortures a terrorist. The greatest challenge—for viewers as well as programmers—is not letting entertainment become a substitute for action; making and watching right-minded shows isn't enough in itself. The 2007 Emmy Awards, for a start, aims to be carbon neutral: solar power, biodiesel generators, hybrids for the stars, bikes for production assistants—though the Academy cancelled Fox's idea to change the red carpet, no kidding, to green. The most potent message may be seeing Hollywood walk the walk, in a town in which people prefer to drive.11. Which of the following does not serve as the example to support the statement "TV isjumping on the biodiesel-fueled bandwagon" (para. 2)?(A) MTV: The Real World: Hollywood will be set in a "green" house.(B) NBC: The program of the Deal or No Deal will be continued.(C) NBC: A week of green-themed episodes is being planned.(D) CBS: A "Going Green" program has been added to The Early Show.12. By stating that "Clearly this is not all pure altruism." (para. 4), the author is _______.(A) highly appreciative (B) somewhat critical(C) ironic and negative (D) subjective and passionate13. Why does the author mention in paragraph 4 the two groups the networks are fond of?(A) They are the main target of the consumption medium.(B) They are the advocates of green movement.(C) They are most representative of today's audience.(D) They are young adults and senior citizens.14. Which of the following best explains the sentence "It's an unlikely marriage of motives."(para. 5)?(A) Ad-supported TV has consistent motives.(B) The main target of ad-supported TV is to persuade viewers to buy more.(C) It's impossible for TV to readjust its opposing motives.(D) It's quite difficult for TV to integrate its motives.15. It can be concluded from the passage that "product placement" (para. 8) is a kind of_______.(A) commodity exhibition (B) display of products(C) indirect advertising (D) direct promotion strategyQuestions 16-20Military victories, trade, missionary zeal, racial arrogance and a genius for bureaucracy all played well-documented roles in making the British Empire the largest the world has known. Rather less well understood was the importance of the moustache. A monumental new history, The Decline and Fall of the British Empire by Piers Brendon, promises to restore this neglected narrative to its rightful place in the national story.Dr Brendon, a Fellow of Churchill College, Cambridge University, argues that colonial moustaches had a clear practical purpose: to demonstrate virility and intimidate the Empire's subject peoples. The waxing and waning of the British moustache precisely mirrored the fortunes of the Empire—blooming beneath the noses of the East India Company's officers, finding full expression in Lord Kitchener's bushy appendage and fading out with the Suez crisis in Anthony Eden's apologetic wisps.This analysis of the "growth of the stiff upper lip" is an essential strand of Dr Brendon's epic 650-page political, cultural, economic and social history of the Empire, which is published on October 18. "It is a running gag in a serious book, but it does give one a point of reference," he said yesterday. In the 18th and early 19th century, sophisticated Britons wore wigs but spurned facial hair. The exception was the King, George III, whose unshaven appearance was mocked as a sign of his madness. However, by the 1830s the "moustache movement" was in the ascendancy. British officers, copying the impressive moustaches that they encountered on French and Spanish soldiers during the Napoleonic Wars, started the craze, but the real impetus came form India.Just as British troops in Afghanistan today are encouraged to grow beards to ease their dealings with local tribesmen, so the attitudes of Indian troops under the command of East India Company officers in the first half of the 19th century altered the appearance of the British soldier. "For the Indian sepoy the moustache was a symbol of virility. They laughed at the unshaven British officers," Dr Brendon said. In 1854 moustaches were made compulsory for the company's Bombay regiment. The fashion took Britain by storm as civilians imitated their heroes.Dr Brendon writes: "During and after the Crimean War, barbers advertised different patterns in their windows such as the 'Raglan' and the Cardigan'." Moustaches were clipped, trimmed and waxed "until they curved like sabres and bristled like bayonets". After 1918 moustaches became thinner and humbler as the Empire began to gasp for breath, even as it continued to expand territorially. It had been fatally wounded, Dr Brendon suggests, by the very belief in the freedom that it had preached. After the victory over Germany and Japan in 1945, independence movements across the red-painted sections of the world map, and Britain's own urgent domestic priorities, meant that the Empire was doomed.The moustache too was in terminal decline. "It had become a joke thanks to Charlie Chaplin and Groucho Marx. It had become an international symbol of 'villainy' thanks to Hitler's toothbrush, writes Dr Brendon. In Britain it was also synonymous with the "Colonel Blimps" clinging to an outmoded idea of colonial greatness.In Eden's faint moustache Britain's diminished international status found a fitting symbol. It all。

口译二阶段口试冲刺胜经

5月口译二阶段口试冲刺胜经——邱邱关注的几个讲话5月，随着世博会的召开，2010春季的中高级口译第二阶段口试也将拉开帷幕。

本次口试安排在每周末举行，先进行高级口译的口试，完毕后考中级口译口试。

从出题点来看，世博、全球变暖、经济复苏、祖国60年华诞、澳门回归10周年、汶川青海地震等灾难类话题都是测试的重头戏。

为全力帮助考生备战5月开始的口试，以下几个重要讲话值得所有考生关注、熟悉，其中的特色表达，专业术语要尽量做到耳熟能详，出口成章！邱政政一、奥巴马在G20匹兹堡峰会记者会讲话Good afternoon. Let me, first of all, thank Mayor Luke Ravenstahl, County Executive Dan Onorato, and the people of Pittsburgh for being just extraordinary hosts. Last night during the dinner that I had with world leaders, so many of them commented on the fact that sometime in the past they had been to Pittsburgh -- in some cases it was 20 or 25 or 30 years ago -- and coming back they were so impressed with the revitalization of the city. A number of them remarked on the fact that it pointed to lessons that they could take away in revitalizing manufacturing towns in their home countries. The people here have been just extraordinary, and so I want to thank all of you for the great hospitality.总统：下午好。

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编辑点评：欧盟委员会目前有世界上最大的口译团队，欧委会口译总司仅正式雇用的同传译员就有近500名，可以把英语译成19种语言。

欧盟与我国签订协议，按照承诺，欧盟每年要为中国培养一定数量的译员。

先说说初试，听10分钟的中文会议发言，可以记笔记，然后用中文交传。

然后是两篇英汉互译。

中翻英能力确实很能考验一个人的实力，我一直这么认为。

英翻中大家一般不会有什么问题。

然后是复试。

第一天是口译研究生的面试，据说他们是13个人进了复试，考了一天。

第二天是社会考生的面试，也是一整天。

大概有12个人进了复试吧。

考官有4个人，一个就是白威廉老师（男），据说是上外高翻毕业的，比较严肃，在外经贸任教。

再就是欧盟口译司飞过来一个考官Thompson，男，大概50多岁，做英法同传的，英国腔听着很舒服，很绅士。

还有两位女老师，都是这个项目的负责人。

金老师本来通知我下午3点40到的，我提前到了后发现，，每个人都要考很长时间，我是最后一个，我考完之后大概到晚上7点左右了。

Thompson很和蔼，见到我之后说，OK, the last but not the least.我听了自然开心，冲他笑着说thanks。

先是自我介绍，因为他们想了解一下你的背景。

然后是即兴演说，在一沓纸条里抽签，抽一个题目，上外一个考友的题目是，为什么中国的银行需要改革，我觉得这个很难讲。

我的题目是，为什么发展中国家更要注重对教育的投资。

相对好说一点。

但是老实说，因为是现场发挥的缘故，思路会受限制，说不出什么来。

我自我感觉说的过程中，我有一两个句子的亮点，希望全寄托在这上面了，因为我感觉我没讲多少内容。

然后是Thompson读了4分钟的英文，当时觉得好长啊，怎么还不停啊，让我用中文复述。

然后是一个女老师用中文读了4分钟的内容，让我用英文复述。

材料都比较平常吧，主要考你的逻辑和记忆力，以及英文的表达能力吧。

我一直认为我的记忆力是很不错的。

所以考得比较轻松。

我考得挺快的，我觉得，完了Thompson还开玩笑呢，问旁边的老师你们有什么问题再考考她，后来又转头笑着对我说，和你开玩笑的，OK了。

我用英文祈使句问“我可以走了吗？”然后他们说可以了。

然后我说老师们辛苦了，就走了。

过程就是这样，很简单是吧？英文能力上去了，什么考试都不是问题。

这是我对于各种各样考试的总结。

考完三四天就接到通知了。

挺开心的，我会好好把握这两年的时间。

祝福我学业有成啊！最后希望能有更多的同学加入到我们的队伍中来。

也希望我们的项目办得越来越好。

注：欧盟委员会目前有世界上最大的口译团队，欧委会口译总司仅正式雇用的同传译员就有近500名，可以把英语译成19种语言。