概要写作中的常用句式及过渡性词语
第七节 概要写作中的常用句式及过渡性词语
一、摘要写作中的常用句式
First argues
At the beginning the author writes, states that
In the first part the reporter points out what
In the introduction explains, mentions why
the reader is informed
In the next part
In the main part the reader is informed about the theory
Second; First the author goes on with the data / question that
Then; Afterwards we are told about the statistics what
Moreover; we read / hear about the belief why
In addition to that the author examines the argument if
Further on analyses the opinion / topic
Next discusses the problem
In the end the author emphasizes
Finally the writer concludes that
At last the poet finds the solution what
The final part, section the journalist adds / stresses why
As a conclusion the reporter pretends if
Summing up his / her thoughts the scientist hints
二、摘要写作中常用过渡性词语
附 加 顺 序 结 果 对比/转折过渡
·in addition ·and ·similarly ·likewise ·as well as ·besides ·furthermore ·also ·moreover ·and then ·too ·not only…but ·even ·besides this/that ·first（ly） ·initially ·second（ly） ·to begin with ·then ·next ·earlier/later ·before this/that ·after this/ that ·following this/that ·afterwards ·as a result ·result in ·thus ·so ·therefore ·consequently ·it follows that ·thereby ·eventually ·then ·in that case ·admittedly ·accordingly ·however
·on the other
hand
·despite
·in spite of
·though
·although
·but
·on the
contrary
·otherwise
·yet
·instead of
·rather
·rather than
·whereas
·nonetheless
·nevertheless
·even though
·compared with
·in contrast/
in sharp
contrast
·alternativel
y
·unlikely
·in contrast
with
·while
·conversely
·different
from
肯 定 条 件 定 义
·obviously ·certainly ·plainly ·of course ·undoubtedly ·apparently ·if/ given ·unless, as long as ·whether ·providing that ·provided that ·for ·so that ·depending on ·is
·refers to
·means
·that is
·consist of
列 举 过 渡 目的过渡 让 步 过 渡 承 接 过 渡
·first of all ·first, second, third ·in the first place ·with the aim of ·for the sake of ·although ·it is true…that ·even though ·as soon as
·as a matter of
fact
·so to speak
·initially ·to start with ·furthermore ·in addition ·moreover ·what’s more ·finally ·with a view to ·for the purpose of ·of course ·certainly ·admittedly ·indeed ·true ·however
·as it were
·day after day
·year in and
year out
举 例 理 由 时 间 总 结
·as an illustration ·for instance ·one example ·for example ·just as ·in particular ·such as ·namely ·to illustrate ·a case in point ·take…for example ·as another example ·as another instance ·as still another example ·since ·by virtue of ·so ·given ·as a result of ·because（of） ·due to ·in view of ·on account of ·owing to ·the reason why ·in other words ·leads to ·for this reason ·cause ·now that ·since ·on the ground that ·seeing… that ·before ·since ·as ·until ·meanwhile ·at the moment ·when ·whenever ·as soon as ·just as ·according to
·all in all
·to summarize
·in summary
·in conclusion
·as a
consequence
·lastly
·by and large
·finally
·consequently
·to sum up
·hence
·thus
·to conclude
·in conclusion
·to
recapitulate
·in general
·in short
·it follows
that
·in brief
·on the whole
·therefore
·to sum up in a
word
·with the
result that
总括过渡词 表示时间 表示强调 比较
·as a rule ·as far as I am concerned ·at times ·after ·afterwards ·above all ·after all ·in fact ·similarly
·similar to
·the same as
·as for me ·economically speaking ·generally speaking ·in my opinion ·in my view ·in some respects ·obviously ·on a large scale ·on a personal level ·practically speaking ·simplistically speaking ·to take the idea further ·from then on ·immediately ·later ·meanwhile ·next ·now ·until ·while ·then ·particularly ·that is ·anyway ·chiefly ·even worse ·more often than that ·most important of all ·needless to say ·no doubt ·to be sure ·accordingly
·both…as
·at the same
time
·in the same
manner
·in a similar
way
·in common
·equally
important
·for one
thing …for
another
·likewise
·namely
·that is
写作常用句型与过渡词语
· A proverb says...
常言道……
As the old Chinese saying 中国有句古话……
goes...
许多人常提出这个问题……
Many people often ask this 据我所知……
question...
As we all know...
As far as I know...
·Now people in
growin numbers beginnin to realize
g
are
g
recognize
increasi
comingific
be aware
an
that...
例文 Now people in growing numbers are coming to recognize that the business spirit, which carries in its torrential course so many of the talents and energies of men into money - making, has shaped our culture and influenced our ideals and aspirations as a people.
· as far as...is 就……来说 concerned When it comes to... In the case of
例文 In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer of culture.
写作常用句型与过渡词语2
写作常用句型与过渡词语英语的句型千姿百态，就像一个词可以有许多同义词一样，一种句型也可以有许多具有相同意思但不同模式的类型。
我们只有对这些变化多端的句型千锤百炼，烂熟于心，才能在具体运用时应付自如，随意调遣。
因此，在日常训练中，应多做一些句型之间的转换、不同句式的造句练习及相同句式不同意思的翻译等等。
以下的就是各种并排的句型和造句。
1．表示开头的句型with the development/improvement/rise/growth/recognition/realization/acknowledgement of ..., we learn/know/see/find/feel that ...例文With the development of traffic tools, the communication between us becomes more and more frequent. No matter where your friends and relatives live, it is always very easy to pay a visit to them if you would like. Therefore, when you meet an old friend on a strange street, you may exclaim: " Oh, what a small world."With the rapid/amazing/marked development/increase/growth/expansion of economy, China has become increasingly prosperous例文With the help of the computer, this project was completed much earlier than planned.With a will of iron and a heart of love, Mother Teresa served the dying and desperate in India and around the world.Some people believe/say /maintain/advocate/advise/hold/think/claim that..., while others say/believe/maintain/think/claim/advocate/argue/propose that...例文Some people say the most important element to success is the luck, while others claim it is hard work. There is no doubt that successful people take advantage of opportunities. But if a man does nothing but wait for the chance to come will achieve anything but success.Now people in growing/increasing/significant numbers are beginning/coming to realize/ recognize/ understand/accept/be aware that...例文Now people in growing numbers are coming to recognize that the business spirit, whichcarries in its torrential course so many of the talents and energies of men into money - making, has shaped our culture and influenced our ideals and aspirations as a people.For some time..., it has been...例文For some time in the past it has been widely accepted that babies and other creatures learn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards": and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理)"drives" as thirst or hunger. In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sort of physical comfort, not otherwise.According to recent survey/poll /study/report/research , there have occurred...例文According to a Worldwide Wildlife Fund report, by 1970, only about 4,500 tigers survived throughout the world-half of them in India.as far as...is concerned/ When it comes to.../In the case of 就……来说例文In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have to deal with man as an animal and with man as a bearer of culture.Researchers have established/proved/indicated/shown/declared/claimed/found/announced/made it known that...例文Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless of age.It has been well known/believed/found/proved/reported/estimated/demanded/agreed that...人们发现，据报道，据估计例文It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new sounds to their repertoire.A proverb says.../As the old Chinese saying goes.../Many people often ask this question.../As we all know.../As far as I know... 常言道……中国有句古话……许多人常提出这个问题……据我所知……Various views exist as to.../It goes without saying.../No one can deny that.../There is no doubt that.../We must recognize that.../What is more serious is that.../Others may find this to be true, but I do not.../I believe that... 关于……有许多说法人们都承认……毫无疑问……我们必须认识到……更为严重的是……别人也许觉得这个主张是正确的,但我不,我认为……We might marvel at...In spite ofDespite the great/giant/extraordinary/tremendous progress/stride/advance made in science and technology nearly every field , but...remain basically unchanged例文We might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, but the methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to devise anything more efficient and reliable than examinations.“...”how often we hearwe are used to hearingmany people have heard such statement/words/complaint as this“...”That's how one college stu dent / official / housewife / father described/commented/complained/criticized ...例文"All I have learnt in college is junk." -- That's how one college graduate described his frustration in looking for a job. He is hardly alone in the experience. Actually there are thousands of college graduates who complain that the degree they took away can't help them to secure a rewarding job, and the knowledge they acquired in class can't be transformed into useful job skills.“Why do have ...？”Many people often ask/ pose / raise the question like this例文"Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world?"Many people often ask the question like this. Surely it is because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankind has undergone no general improvement in morality, it has made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology.Perhaps /Maybe ，we shouldit is time to rethink / reexamine / have a fresh look at the idea /value /attitude /wisdom /desirability of...One of the biggest issues /hottest topics /most popular things /most serious problems many people talk /complain /argue about now is ...例文One of the most popular topics many city residents talk about now is the tide of the rural poor flooding the cities. They complain that the migrants have brought crime and prostitution, that they are putting pressure on population control and social order: that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs and exacerbating housing shortages; and that they have worsened traffic and sanitation problems. True, these are the problems posed by the migration, but what about the contribution the rural workers have made to the city's development and prosperity?One of the searching /burning /pressing /interesting /exciting /urgent problems /questions facing / confronting our nation /society /world today is ...例文One of the basic questions facing our society today is: What promise or threat does new technology hold for our global future? Since the decision our society makes about technological development will undoubtedly have tremendous consequences in the years to come it is urgently necessary to explore this question, especially by examining science and technology in their relationship to the development of humanity.There is a public /general /much /considerable debate /discussion /controversy /argument nowadays / today /at present concerning on / about /over /as toNowadays，the most dangerous /undesirable /harmful. for our nation /society /world /college is the trend /tendency /phenomenon of ... which is apparent /obvious /evident /pervasive /rampant under wayin...例文perhaps most dangerous for our nation now is the official corruption which is rampant in nearly every field of our society. Once our officials were content with television sets or imported cigarettes as payment for official services, they now demand land rights, stock certificates, andeven directly dollars.All reliable data /statistic evidence /scientific observations /available information /undoubted facts pile up to show /justify /points to/ lend support to the fact / view that...例文All available evidence points to the fact that more and more young people are declaring their allegiance to traditional values. Traditional weddings seem to be making a comeback, for example. But this is only a partial, not a complete, reversal.One may attribute /ascribe owe the increase / decrease /change to...These factors, coupled with the growth /change /recognition /realization of… lead to /contribute to /result in /help ...Many /Various /Several factors weigh /affect heavily /greatly for /Against /in favor of ...例文Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker. In so far as any study is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out with effective contact with their fellow scientists.Recently the rise in phenomenon of /problem of /questions of ... has drawn/aroused/caused// aroused /loomed up public/popular/grave/wide/general/considerable world-wide attention/concern例文Recently, the alarm about the problem of the use of genetic technologies on human beings have caused wide public concern, and understandably so. With nuclear energy threatening global catastrophe and with so many other technological advances visibly damaging the quality of life, who would wish to have scientists tampering with man's inner nature? Indeed, fear of such manipulation may arouse even more anxiety than fear of death.In recent few years/ the past few decades , there is /has been a sharp/ marked /sudden / dramatic increase / growth/ rise / decline in ...例文In recent years, there is an increasing number of people, especially young people, who show little interest in correcting social inequalities and injustices. According to a national poll last year, eighteen to twenty-nine year-olds agreed by large percentages that young people today are "less idealistic" and "more selfish", and that they are less concerned with the problems of society than with their own personal future.Recently/Nowadays/Currently/In the past few years/So far , there has been a general/widespread/growing/widely-held concern/worry/realization/belief/trend/feelingattitude that ...Recently the problem/issue/question of ... has been in the limelight/brought into focus/brought public attention/posed among the general public例文The problem of development vs. environment has now been in the limelight. Nowhere is the clash more visible than in China, where the world's largest population faces pollution, deforestation and acid rain on a large scale.How do you /What do you/Do you ever think of ... ? How do you…/What do you…/Do you ever see ... ?In answer /reply to these questions, we must...例文How do we think of the heavy burden a student has to carry from kindergarten through graduate school? How do we measure success in education? How does education affect not only labour skills but the quality of life? In seeking answers to such questions, there is much room ——indeed necessity —— for consideration and robust debate.They believe that ... But people who advocate/ favour ..., on the other hand, maintain /assert that...例文There is much discussion today about whether fast economic growth is desirable. Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, and the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment. People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present growth rate there are still many poor people.To illustrate/ prove/ show this point, let us consider/ ask why /look first at/develop argument…There is/ are a common belief that/ reason why/a popular belief that/many factors that no denying that例文There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however, vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding him back with the complexities of spelling?It is a curious/interesting/unusual/considerable/tremendous paradox/discovery/finding that ... .It is natural/ interesting for ... to ...例文It's very interesting to note where the debate about diversity is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete in the global village and in the global market place, diversity is an imperative.Many authors have argued for ...We find/ feel/ know that例文Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise. that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however, this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. Social animals, such as monkeys and cattle, fight to win or maintain leadership of the group.The question of whether war is inevitableThe concept/ question of "environment"The significance/ importance of ... is ...例文The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world's great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another, is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply.2. 表示承上启下、段落发展的句型My idea/opinion/view/reason/viewpoint/plan may be expressed as follows:We may cite/ quote/ mention/ take/ point out /have /possess a single /common/ another/ additional /extra/ further example of…The opinion/idea/view/ theory may be supported/proved/born out by facts/ details/ statistics/the fact that…There are various/many/different/several/a number of/a variety of/a great manyeffects/causes/reasons/implications/views/arguments for thissharp/dramatic/marked/significant/extraordinarydecrease/fall/growth/change/decline/increase in … Firstly …, Secondly …, Finally …,例文Every sword has two blades. Problems do exist in some college students' two-day weekend. Some Lazy students may spend most of the time sleeping, doing nothing else. Some may he addicted to playing cards, drinking, leaving their homework far away. Therefore, the two-day weekend can bring nothing useful to them.The answer to explanation of this problem/ phenomenon involves many / several/complex/complicated/interrelated factors/reasonsFor one thing, Some , ... For another, Others ... Still another/ Still others例文(a)The factors for a big rise in the teenage smoking are complex. Some attribute it to the increased standard of living which enables kids to have more pocket money than ever before. others place the blame on the neglectful parents who tolerate and sometimes even encourage their kids smoking. Still others complain of the sharp increase in cigarette advertising and tobacco imports which give young people easy access to Marlboro, Kent and Parliament. Whatever the causes, only particular external.例文(b)The advantage of the education system in Japan is that students there learn the social skill of cooperation. Another advantage is that they learn much more math and science than most American students. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than their North American counterparts do. The system is demanding, but it prepares children for a society that values discipline and self-control. There are, however, disadvantages. For one thing, many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information they memorized. For another, the extremely demanding system puts enormous psychological pressure on students, and is considered a primary factor in the high suicide rate among Japanese school-age children.Why is...?例文Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairly provincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second language. Less than 5 percent of Burson-Marshall's U.S. employees know two languages.Why have/are/did …？For one thing,…./One reason is ….For another, /Another reason is…Perhaps the most important/ main primary /crucial /essential reason is ...It may result in give rise to/ lead to/ bring/ create a Lot /host /set of problemsThe main/leading /underlying /root reason /cause for ... is ....This will lead to bring /entail/ involve/ cause /lead /give rise to /bring about some serious/dreadful /pernicious /terrible /horrible /awful /alarming consequences此外，而且，另外AdditionallyMoreoverWhat is moreFurthermoreIn additionBesidesApart from例文We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore, our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocket book ... Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too come ready made, and the range of choice among them is limited.可是，然而HoweverYetNot with standingNeverthelessIn contrast例文After a year or so, however, I still hadn't gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story that barely made enough to eat.让我感到……的是To my surprise /delight /horror因为……Due to the fact thatThanks toOwing toBecause ofIn view toOn the grounds thatBecauseGivenConsidering就我所知……As far as I seeAs much as例文"As much as I honor this award," Steve said, "there's someone who deserves it more than I do." The crowd fell silent. "Everything I accomplished this season, and everything the team accomplished, is thanks to one person." he turned to Michael. "Michael, you always said I was your hero, If I were half the man you are, I would be proud, because there is no doubt that you are my hero."not that ... , but that ... 不是因为……而是因为……succeed in doing sth. 做成某事try successfully to do sth.managed to do sth.make it to do sth.例文I want to conduct my own defense in court, but as soon as my father found out what had happened, he hired a very good solicitor. We went along that Monday armed with all kinds of witnesses, including my English teacher from school as a character witness. But he was never called to give evidence. My 'trial' didn't get that far. The magistrate dismissed the case after fifteen minutes. I was free. The poor police had never stood a chance. The solicitor even succeeded in getting costs awarded against the police.Given 如果……Provided thatProviding thatAs/So long asOn condition ofThere is every chance that ……很有可能Chances are thatIt is most likely thatIt is probable thatThere's no doubt that例文Given the obscure nature of the charge, I feel sure that if I had come from a different background, and had really been unemployed, there is every chance that I would have been found guilty.The increase/ decline/ change/ success/ failure mainly stems/result/arises/comes from the fact that ... /is chiefly cause by/because of/born of / is largely due/owing/attributable to例文The increase in social costs (e.g. environmental pollution, unemployment and unplanned urbanization) mainly results from the failure of people to include these variables in their calculations of cost efficiency. Such a failure is due, partially at least, to the fact that many industries or areas have not, until recently, been held accountable for these social costs.Perhaps the primary /fundamental /most important main reason is ...A good case in point is ... 关于……一个比较好的例子是……As ... , other ...As ... but in addition例文A good case in point is the white-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available.3．用于结尾的句型All in all , we can learn that ...ThereforeIn one wordOn the wholeTo sum upIn generalGenerally speakingIn conclusion例文To sum up, unchecked population growth is not merely an annoying problem exaggerated bypessimists who always worry about the future. It is, on the contrary, the most serious problem humanity faces today. Hunger and starvation, environmental destruction, and increasing human tensions and irritability — these are the certain results if we are not able to solve it.All available/ indisputable /reliable/ striking statistical evidence goes to show that…points to the fact that… /piles up to show that…/lends support to the view thatIt is important that effective /necessary /essential /fundamental/ proper/ powerful /quick action /steps /measure /remedies should be taken to deal with /cope with/ prevent /correct/ check /end/ fight the problem/ tendency/phenomenon /situation/ attitude /state /conditions/circumstanceNo easy/ quick /effective /instant /significant /immediate/ new method /solution /recipe /remedy/ way /approach /means /step /measures can be at hand /taken/ found/ guaranteed to deal with/ cope with tackle /solvethe problem of ... , but the public/ general /common recognition /awareness/ realization of the necessity/importance significance /essenceof ... might be the first step towards ...All in all, it is advised/ suggested/ recommended/ s ustained /maintained/ advocated /hoped that persistent /continuous/ unending/ consistent/ persevering/ corporate efforts should be made to curb /check /decline/ halt/ control the worsening situation/ increase/ rise / promote of ...It is, therefore, obvious /natural /self-evident/no wonder /evident /no surprising /clear /apparent the job /task /demands /issue of ... involves /requires/ deserves/claims considerable /full-scale /great /serious /wide /immediate attention /efforts /emphasis/ considerationThere is no denying /doubt/ denial that attention must be paid /devoted given to the problem/ shortage /development of ...例文There is no doubt that adequate attention must be paid to the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighborhood of the him and the urban environment must offer as many recreation activities as possible. For an important part of time which we do not pass in sleeping or working is used for activities at and around home.From what's been discussed above , /Taking into account all the factors,/Judging from all evidence offered, we may safely /reasonably arrive at come to reach craw gain the conclusion /moral that ...When comparing ... /Although doing something ... /White admitting that the conclusions are ...例文When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.ConsequentlyAll in all,As a final comment, 总之，Finally, 结果，A conclusion from is that 总而言之，Hence 一言以蔽之，As mentioned above, the only possibilityto ... would be ... 总的来说，In summary,To sum up,On this background, it was concluded thatWhat is essential, however, is ... to beIn a word,The result is dependent onThus, this is the reason why we mustIn brief,At last,At lengthIn conclusion,From this paint of view,On account of this we can find thatTo summarize,As a result,In short,例文In a word, I think the interview will do good to both the interviewer and the interviewee. By an interview the interviewer can find a suitable person if both of them make the best of the job interview.It is high time we …例文It is high time that we urged an immediate end to this deplorable phenomenon. Our colleges and universities should be more willing to shoulder their responsibilities to students and their families. But too often, these responsibilities have been evaded. This we cannot afford.4．和词组有关的句型cluster 可数crowda couple of 大批的，许多的，大量的great manygood manygreat variety offlood ofgreat (large) choicecrewflockshowerheaphostmultitude of/multitudes ofhandful 不可数large sumlarge mountseaworlda good supply ofa battery ofa series ofa succession ofall of sudden 突然，all the while 一直，始终，all the year round 一年到头，anything but决不，决不是，除……以外什么都是例如：He is anything but a writer.他绝对不是一个作家。
常用过渡词
常用过渡词一、表明事件发生的时间顺序：first, then, next, later, after that, at once, at the same time, previously, eventually, in the end, the following day, above all, first of all, firstly, secondly, and then, shortly/soon after that, finally,at last …二、表明文章的结构：1. 顺序：firstly, in the first place, my next pointis, finally, last but not least …2. 转折：but, however, yet, instead, on the other hand, on the contrary, nevertheless, otherwise, after all …3. 举例：for example, such as, as follows, for instance,like, such things like that ，and so on …4. 解释：namely, in other words, that is to say, toput it another way, to put it simply …5. 归纳总结：in this aspect, as we said, apart fromthis, above all, to sum up, in short, in conclusion,in brief ，on the whole, all in all, in general, ina word ……三、表明作者的观点、态度1. 补充：and, also,besides, moreover, furthermore, inaddition, as well, apart from, what ' s more , to make things worse, w hat' s worse, even worse,…2. 原因：as, because (of), since, due to, as a result of,for that reason …3. 结果：as a result, hence, therefore, consequently, thus. so, so that …4．对比：yet, but, while, whereas, however, unlike, nevertheless, in/by contrast, on the contrary, on the other hand …5. 比较：in the same way, similarly, equally …6. 目的：for this purpose, in order to, so that …7．加强语气：indeed, especially, particularly, in fact, actually, as a matter of fact, in any event( 无论如何), to tell the truth …8. 概括语：usually, generally, normally, on the whole, in most cases, as a rule …9. (情感)交际：fortunately, certainly, strangelyenough, obviously, (un)fortunately, (un)luckily,(un)happily, …10. 条件：if, on the condition that, so/as long as,unless, or else, or …11. 其它：generally speaking, frankly speaking, personally, in my opinion, Of course,by the way, , t o one'ssurprise (astonishment, delight, disappointment, regret, joy, comfort), on the other hand, as far as I am concerned (就我而言) , to tell you the truth, to be honest, as everyone knows, As we all know, As far as I know, It is known that…, as a rule,judging from …, according to … 表示罗列增加：First, second, third, First, then / next, after that / next, finally For one thing … for another …, On (the) one hand…on the other hand, besides / what ' s more / in addition / furthermore / moreover / another / also, Especially / In particular表示时间顺序：now, at present, recently, after, afterwards, after that, after a while, in a few days, at first, in the beginning, to begin with, later, next, finally, immediately, soon, suddenly, all of a sudden, at that moment, as soon as, the moment form now on, from then on, at the same time, meanwhile, till, not •…until, before, after, when, while, as during表示解释说明：now, in addition, for example, for instance, in this case, moreover furthermore, in fact, actually 表示转折关系：but, however, while, though, or, otherwise, on the contrary, on theother hand, in contrast, despite, in spite of, even though, except (for), instead, of course, after all 表示并列关系：or, and, also, too, not only … but also, as well as, both …and, either n ediher …nor表示因果关系：because, because of, since, now that, as, thanks to …，due to …,therefore, as a result (of), otherwise, so…that, such …that表示条件关系：as (so) long as, on condition that, if, unless 表示让步关系：though, although, as, even if, even though, whether …or •…,however, whoever, whatever, whichever, wherever, whenever, no matter how (who, what, which, where, when, whom)表示举例：for example, for instance, such as…，take …forexample 表示比较：be similar to, similarly, the same as, in contrast, compared with (to) •••just like, just as表示目的：for this reason,, for this purpose, so that, in order to, so as to, 表示强调：in deed, in fact, surely, certainly, no doubt, without any doubt, truly, obviously, above all表示概括归纳：in a word, in short, in brief, on the whole, generally speaking, in my opinion, as far as I know, As we all know, as has been stated, as I have shown, finally, at last, in summary, in conclusion。
写作过渡词,替换词,经典句式大参考
（1）表示增加的过渡词：also，and，and then，too，in addition，furthermore，moreover，again，on top of that，another，first second third等。
（2）表示时间顺序的过渡词：now，then，before，after，afterwards，earlier，later，immediately，soon，next，in a few days，gradually，suddenly，finally等。
（3）表示空间顺序的过渡词：near（to），far（from），in frontof，behind，beside，eyond，above，below，to the right left，around，outside等。
（4）表示比较的过渡词：in the same way，just like，just as等。
（5）表示对照的过渡词：but，still，yet，however，on the other hand，on the con-ary，in spite of，even though等。
（6）表示结果和原因的过渡词：because，since，so，as a result，therefore，hen，thus，otherwise 等。
（7）表示目的的过渡词：for this reason，for this purpose，so that等。
（8）表示强调的过渡词：in fact，indeed，surely，necessarily，certainly，without any doubt，truly，torepeat，aboveall，most important等。
（9）表示解释说明的过渡词：for example，in fact，in this case，for actually等。
（10）表示总结的过渡词：finally，at last，inconclusion，as I haveshown，inoth-rword，in brief，in short，in general，on the whole，as has been stated等。
中学写作中的常用连接词和过渡词汇
中学写作中的常用连接词和过渡词汇在中学写作中，使用常用的连接词和过渡词汇能够提高文章的逻辑性和流畅性，使读者更好地理解作者的观点。
本文将介绍一些常用的连接词和过渡词汇，并提供相关例句，帮助中学生在写作中运用得当。
首先，我们来看一些常用的连接词。
连接词用于连接句子和段落，使文章更加连贯。
1. 表递进关系的连接词：- 此外（In addition）：除此之外- 加之（Moreover）：另外- 而且（Furthermore）：更进一步- 同时（Meanwhile）：与此同时- 而且（Besides）：此外例句：我的梦想是成为一名医生。
此外，我还希望能为社会做出贡献。
2. 表转折关系的连接词：- 但是（However）：然而- 尽管（Although）：虽然- 反之（On the other hand）：与此相反- 相反（On the contrary）：相反地- 尽管如此（Nevertheless）：不过例句：他工作很忙，但是他依然抽出时间陪伴家人。
3. 表因果关系的连接词：- 因此（Therefore）：由此可见- 所以（So）：因此- 因为（Because）：由于- 由于（Due to）：因为- 结果（As a result）：因此例句：他每天早起锻炼，因此身体很健康。
接下来，我们来看一些常用的过渡词汇。
过渡词汇用于衔接句子和段落，使文章更加流畅。
1. 表示时间顺序的过渡词汇：- 首先（First）：第一- 其次（Secondly）：第二- 然后（Then）：接着- 最后（Finally）：最终- 同时（Simultaneously）：同时例句：首先，我们需要了解问题的实质。
其次，我们要找到解决问题的方法。
最后，我们要执行这些方法。
2. 表示比较的过渡词汇：- 类似地（Similarly）：相似地- 同样地（Likewise）：同样地- 相反地（Contrastingly）：与此相反地- 相比之下（By contrast）：与...相比- 在另一方面（On the other side）：从另一方面来看例句：他喜欢打篮球，而她则喜欢踢足球。
(完整版)英语写作常用句型与过渡词语
写作常用句型与过渡词语1．表示开头的句型 ·with theof ..., wethat ...例文With the development of traffic tools , the communication between us becomes more and more frequent. Nomatter where your friends and relatives live, it is always very easy to pay a visit to them if you would like. Therefore,·With theof economy, China has become increasingly prosperous例文With the help of the computer , this project was completed much earlier than planned.With a will of iron and a heart of love, Mother T eresa served the dying and desperate in India and around the world.·Some peoplethat..., while othersthat...例文Some people say the most important element to success is the luck, while others claim it is hard work. There is no doubt that successful people take advantage of opportunities. But if a man does nothing but wait for the chance·numbersaretothat... 例文Now people in growing numbers are coming to recognize that the business spirit, which carries in its torrential course so many of the talents and energies of men into money - making, has shaped our culture and influenced our ideals and aspirations as a people. For some time..., it has been... 例文For some time in the past it has been widely accepted that babiesand other creatureslearn to do things because certain acts lead to "rewards": and there is no reason to doubt that this is true. But it used also to be widely believed that effective reward, at least in the early stages, had to be directly related to such basic physiological(生理)"drives" as thirst or hunger . In other words, a baby would learn if he got food or drink of some sortof physical comfort, not otherwise. ·According to recent, there have occurred...例文According to a Worldwide Wildlife Fund report, by 1970, only about 4,500 tigers survived throughout the·就……来说In the case of man, the difficulties with the environmental concept are even more complicated because we have·Researchers have that...例文Researchers have established that when people are mentally engaged, biochemical changes occur in the brain that allow it to act more effectively in cognitive areas such as attention and memory. This is true regardless ofage.·It has beenthat...人们发现，据报道，据估计例文It is agreed that they enjoy making noises, and that during the first few months one or two noises sort themselves out as particularly indicative of delight, distress, sociability, and so on. But since these cannot be said to show the baby's intention to communicate, they can hardly be regarded as early forms of language. It is agreed, too, that from about three months they play with sounds for enjoyment, and that by six months they are able to add new·常言道…… 中国有句古话…… 许多人常提出这个问题…… 据我所知……··themade in, but...remainWe might marvel at the progress made in every field of study, butthe methods of testing a person's knowledge and ability remain as primitive as ever they were. It is extraordinary that after all these years, educationists have still failed to devise anything more efficient and reliable than examinations. · “...”suchas this·“...”That's how one...例文"All I have learnt in college is junk." -- That's how one college graduate described his frustration in looking for a job. He is hardly alone in the experience. Actually there are thousands of college graduates who complain that the degree they took away can't help them to secure a rewarding job, and the knowledge they acquired in class can't · “Why...？”Many people oftenthe question like this例文"Why does the idea of progress loom so large in the modern world?"Many people often ask the question like this.Surely it is because progress of a particular kind is actually taking place around us and is becoming more and more manifest. Although mankindhas undergone no general improvement in morality, it has made extraordinary progress in knowledge and technology.th eof...·One of themany people about nowis ...例文One of the most popular topics many city residents talk about now is the tide of the rural poor flooding the cities. They complain that the migrants have brought crime and prostitution, that they are putting pressure on population control and social order: that they are threatening to take already scarce city jobs and exacerbating housing shortages; and that they have worsened traffic and sanitation problems. True, these are the problems posed by the migration, but what about the contribution the rural workers have made to the city's development and prosperity?·One of theourtoday is ...例文One of the basic questions facing our society today is: What promise or threat does new technology hold for our global future? Since the decision our society makes about technological development will undoubtedly have tremendous consequences in the years to come it is urgently necessary to explore this question, especially by·There is athe problem of .... Those who...that...·, the mostfor ouris theof ... which isin...例文perhaps most dangerous for our nation now is the official corruption which is rampant in nearly every field of our society. Once our officials were content with television sets or imported cigarettes as payment for officialservices, they now demand land rights, stock certificates, and even directly dollars. ·Allthethat...例文All available evidence points to the fact that more and more young people are declaring their allegiance to traditional values. Traditional weddings seem to be making a comeback, for example. But this is only a partial, not a ·One maytheto...· of…...factors...Two factors weigh heavily against the effectiveness of scientific research in industry. One is the general atmosphere of secrecy in which it is carried out, the other the lack of freedom of the individual research worker.In so far as any study is a secret one, it naturally limits all those engaged in carrying it out with effective contact with·Recently the... hasworld-wide attention/concernRecently, the alarm about the problem of the use of genetic technologies on human beings have caused wide public concern, and understandably so. With nuclear energy threatening global catastrophe and with so many other technological advances visibly damaging the quality of life, who would wish to have scientists tampering ·In , thereaIn recent years, there is an increasing number of people, especially young people, who show little interest in correcting social inequalities and injustices. According to a national poll last year , eighteen to twenty-nine year-olds agreed by large percentages that young people today are "less idealistic" and "more selfish", and that they are less·athat ...·Recently the例文The problem of development vs. environment has now been in the limelight. Nowhere is the clash more ·think of ... ? see ... ?·Into these questions, we must...How do we think of the heavy burden a student has to carry from kindergarten through graduate school? How do we measure success in education? How does education affect not only labour skills but the quality of life? In seeking answers to such questions, there is much room —— indeed necessity —— for consideration and robust debate.·They believe that ... But people who ..., on the other hand,that...There is much discussion today about whether fast economic growth is desirable. Those who criticize economic growth argue that we must slow down. They believe that society is approaching certain limits on growth. These include the fixed supply of natural resources, and the possible negative effects of industry on the natural environment. People who want more economic growth, on the other hand, argue that even at the present ·Tothis point, let us·There is/ are例文There is a popular belief among parents that schools are no longer interested in spelling. No school I have taught in has ever ignored spelling or considered it unimportant as a basic skill. There are, however , vastly different ideas about how to teach it, or how much priority it must be given over general language development and writing ability. The problem is, how to encourage a child to express himself freely and confidently in writing without holding·It is athat ... . It isfor ... to ...It's very interesting to note where the debate about diversity is taking place. It is taking place primarily in political circles. Here at the College Fund, we have a lot of contact with top corporate leaders; none of them is talking about getting rid of those instruments that produce diversity. In fact, they say that if their companies are to compete ·Many authors have argued for the inevitability of war from the premise. that in the struggle for existence among animal species, only the fittest survive. In general, however , this struggle in nature is competition, not conflict. · is ...The question of whether war is inevitable is one which has concerned many of the world's great writers. Before considering this question, it will be useful to introduce some related concepts. Conflict, defined as opposition among social entities directed against one another , is distinguished from competition, defined as opposition among social entities independently striving for something which is in inadequate supply. 2. 表示承上启下、段落发展的句型 ·Mymay be expressed as follows:·We mayexample of·Themay beby·There arefor this例文Every sword hastwo blades. Problems do exist in somecollege students' two-day weekend. Some Lazy students may spend most of the time sleeping, doing nothing else. Some may he addicted to playing cards, drinking, ·The thisinvolves, ......The factors for a big rise in the teenage smoking are complex. Some attribute it to the increased standard of living which enables kids to have more pocket money than ever before. others place the blame on the neglectful parents who tolerate and sometimes even encourage their kids smoking. Still others complain of the sharp increase in cigarette advertising and tobacco imports which give young people easy access to Marlboro, Kent and Parliament. Whatever the causes, only particular external. 例文(b)The advantage of the education system in Japan is that students there learn the social skill of cooperation. Another advantage is that they learn much more math and science than most American students. They also study more hours each day and more days each year than their North American counterparts do. The system is demanding, but it prepares children for a society that values discipline and self-control. There are, however , disadvantages. For one thing, many students say that after an exam, they forget much of the information they memorized. For another, the extremely demanding system puts enormous psychological pressure on students, and is considered a primary factor in the high suicide rate among Japanese school-age children. .Why is...? 例文Why is America lagging behind in the global PR race? First, Americans as a whole tend to be fairlyprovincial and take more of an interest in local affairs. Knowledge of world geography, for example, has never been strong in this country. Secondly, Americans lag behind their European and Asian counterparts in knowing a second·Why …？·Perhaps the reason is ...·It mayaof problems·The for ... is ....This willsomeconsequences·此外，而且，另外例文 We must choose from among the clothing presented by our society. Furthermore , our choice is limited to a size that will fit, as well as by our pocket book ... Having made a choice within these limits we can have certain alterations made, but apart from minor adjustments, we tend to be limited to what the stores have on their racks. Statuses too · 可是，然而After a year or so, however, I still hadn't gotten a break and began to doubt myself. It was so hard to sell a story·To my 让我感到……的是·the fact that因为……·因为……·I see就我所知……"As much as I honor this award," Steve said, "there's someone who deserves it more than I do." The crowd fell silent. "Everything I accomplished this season, and everything the team accomplished, is thanks to one person." he turned to Michael. "Michael, you always said I was your hero, If I were half the man you are, I would be proud, because there is no doubt that you are my hero."·not that ... , but that ... 不是因为……而是因为……·做成某事I want to conduct my own defense in court, but as soon as my father found out what had happened, he hired a very good solicitor. We went along that Monday armed with all kinds of witnesses, including my English teacher from school as a character witness. But he was never called to give evidence. My 'trial' didn't get that far. The magistrate dismissed the case after fifteen minutes. I was free. The poor police had never stood a chance. The solicitor even·如果……·……很有可能Given the obscure nature of the charge, I feel sure that if I had come from a different background, and had really been unemployed, there is every chance that I would have been found guilty.·The the fact that ...例文The increase in social costs (e.g. environmental pollution, unemployment and unplanned urbanization) mainly results from the failure of people to include these variables in their calculations of cost efficiency. Such a failure is due, partially at least, to the fact that many industries or areas have not, until recently, been held accountable for·reason is ...·……一个比较好的例子是……A good case in point is the white-tailed deer. Like most wildlife, deer reproduce, grow, and store fat in the summer and fall when there is plenty of nutritious food available.3．用于结尾的句型·, we can that ...To sum up, unchecked population growth is not merely an annoying problem exaggerated by pessimists who always worry about the future. It is, on the contrary, the most serious problem humanity faces today. Hunger and starvation, environmental destruction, and increasing human tensions and irritability — these are the certain results·All evidence …·It is that should be taken tothe·No can be tothe problem of ... , but the of the·All in all, it is efforts should be made to·There is no that attention must be to the of…例文There is no doubt that adequate attention must be paid to the improvement of recreative possibilities in the neighborhood of the him and the urban environment must offer as many recreation activities as possible. For an·we maythe that ...·the conclusions are ...When comparing men and women in the matter of fashion, the conclusions to be drawn are obvious. Do the constantly changing fashions of women's clothes, one wonders, reflect basic qualities of inconstancy and instability? Men are too clever to let themselves be cheated by fashion designers. Do their unchanging styles of dress reflect basic qualities of stability and reliability? That is for you to decide.·总之，结果，总而言之，一言以蔽之，总的来说，In a word, I think the interview will do good to both the interviewer and the interviewee. By an interview the·It is high time we an immediateend to the例文It is high time that we urged an immediate end to this deplorable phenomenon. Our colleges and universities should be more willing to shoulder their responsibilities to students and their families. But too often, these responsibilities have been evaded. This we cannot afford.4．和词组有关的句型·a of大批的，许多的，大量的·one's viewpoint about sth. 对……发表观点·突然， 一直，始终， 一年到头，洗耳恭听·anything but 决不，决不是，除……以外什么都是例如：He is anything but a writer .他绝对不是一个作家。
作文常用过渡词衔接词
作文常用过渡词衔接词 The Standardization Office was revised on the afternoon of December 13, 2020英语作文常用过渡词1、过渡词常用于段落的开头。
常用于段落开头的过渡词有：Generally speaking/ It toes without saying that/ Everybody knows that/ As is known to all/ As the proverb says/ As the saying goes/ It is true that/ Presently/ Recently/ Lately…2、过渡词常用于句子间的衔接。
经常使用的转折词和连接词有：a)用连接词表示地点：there, here, nearby, beyond, above, under 等。
b)用连接词表示时间：now, soon, then, immediately, before long 等。
c)用连接词表示举例：for example, for instance, thus, that is,等。
d)用连接词连接句子: however, but, still, in spite of, nevertheless 等。
e)用转折词表示结果：therefore, as a result, consequently, for this reason, hence等。
f)用连接词附加前面的内容：also, and, then, too, in addition, moreover, further, again等。
g)用转折词表示前后顺序：first, second, third, last, the former, the latter, in the first place, next等。
3、过渡词常用于段落间的过渡。
常用于段落间的过渡词有：a)表示时间顺序的过渡词有：since, ever since, from then on, soon after, afterwards, until, now, latter, in the meantime, meanwhile, at the same time等。
作文常用过渡词
作文常用过渡词:为了使所写短文通顺、连贯，句子与句子之间过渡自然，适当加上一些表示并列、递进、因果、转折等关系的过渡词是很有必要的。
常见的过渡词有：递进型：besides，what's more，let alone不管，much less, not to mention不必提及, to say nothing of更不待言, 以及，what was worse, to make things /matters worse , worse still,moreover而且, 此外, even, furthermore此外, 而且等；解释型：that is（to say），in other words，or，in the same way，等；转折型：however，but，yet，although，otherwise, instead等；列举型：firstly…secondly… finally，first，at first，at last，next,/ For one thing ,...... for another/ also, on one hand ,…on the ot herhand举例型：for example, such as, that is, like, take….for example/as an example等；因果型：because（of），since，as，therefore，so，as a result，thanks to，thus，owing to，thus, due to, on account of由于,by reasonof等；让步型：though，although，in spite of, 等；时序型：first…next…and then…finally，at the same time，meanwhile，first…then…after that…finally并列型：and，or，also，as well as等；时间型：now，just now，just then，afterwards，soon，five minutes later，before long，shortly after that，to this day至今，soon aftersupper，first, then, meanwhile, later, as soon as, immediately,instantly, the moment, hardly…. when…, no sooner…than….等；强调型：above all，indeed，surely，certainly，of course，after all，at least，at most，first of all，；归纳总结型：in conclusion，in a word，in the end，at last，finally，to sum up, in short, in general, generally speaking, in all,in a word ,on the whole等；假设型：if , suppose/supposing......,provided/providing......, so/as long as, on condition that转换话题型：by the way，I'm afraid，in my opinion，to tell the truth，to be honest，after all，in fact发表个人见解型：in my opinion , I think we should , I 'm afraid , We'dbetter, we must, personally speaking, as far as I amconcerned.其他：compared with /to, judging from, to begin with , to one's surprise, etc.。
小学生写作中的常用过渡词和连接词
小学生写作中的常用过渡词和连接词作文中的过渡词和连接词在表达上起到了桥梁的作用，使得整篇文章更加连贯、流畅。
对于小学生而言，正确使用这些词汇不仅能提升作文的质量，还能展现他们语言表达的能力。
本文将介绍一些小学生写作中常用的过渡词和连接词，并提供一些例句。
以下是详细内容：一、表示时间顺序的过渡词和连接词1. 首先，用于列举写作中的第一个观点或情节。
例如：首先，我们来说一说我的家乡。
2. 其次，用于列举写作中的第二个观点或情节。
例如：其次，我喜欢参加学校的美食节。
3. 然后，用于列举写作中的下一个观点或情节。
例如：然后，我们一起玩了一个有趣的游戏。
4. 最后，用于列举写作中的最后一个观点或情节。
例如：最后，我给大家讲一个有趣的故事。
5. 之后，用于表示事情发生的时间顺序。
例如：我先洗脸，然后刷牙，之后就准备去上学。
二、表示因果关系的过渡词和连接词1. 因为，用于列举原因。
例如：我喜欢吃苹果，因为苹果又大又甜。
2. 所以，用于表示结果或结论。
例如：我喜欢下雨天，所以我喜欢在雨中玩泥巴。
3. 由于，用于表示原因或导致的结果。
例如：由于我生病了，我没有去参加聚会。
4. 因此，用于表示结果或结论。
例如：我认真学习，因此考试得了高分。
5. 所以，用于表示因果关系。
例如：我不好好练习，所以比赛没取得好成绩。
三、表示对比关系的过渡词和连接词1. 虽然...但是...，用于表示对比。
例如：虽然天气很热，但是我还是坚持锻炼。
2. 相比之下，用于对比两个事物或情况。
例如：相比之下，我更喜欢冬天，因为可以下雪。
3. 与...相反，用于对比两个相反的事物。
例如：与他人相反，我更喜欢独自阅读。
4. 不仅...而且...，用于表示两个同时发生的事情。
例如：我不仅喜欢画画，而且还喜欢唱歌。
5. 虽然...可是...，用于对比两个相对的情况。
例如：虽然我很累，可是我还是坚持完成了任务。
四、表示递进关系的过渡词和连接词1. 而且，用于表示在同一方向上递进的情况。
英语写作常用句型与过渡词语精选
考研英语考博英语四六级英语写作常用句型与过渡词语①【常见开篇句】1) With the rapid improvement in.../growing awareness of..., more and more.../sth....(e.g. With the considerable improvement in building industry, more and more structures are being erected to set the people's minds at ease.)2) Recently, sth./the problem of...has been brought to popular attention/ has become the focus of public concern. A(e.g. Recently, the problem of unemployment has been brought to such popular attention that governments at all levels place it on the agenda as the first matter.)3) One of the universal issues we are faced with/that cause increasing concern is that...(e.g. One of the universal issues that draw (cause) growing concern is whether it is wise of man to have invented the automobile.)4) In the past few years, there has been a boom/sharp growth/decline in.. .(e.g. In the past ten years, there has been a sharp decline in the number of species.) 5) Nowadays, more/most important/dangerous for our society is...(e.g. Nowadays, most dangerous for our society is the tendency to take advantage of each other in political circles.)6) According to the information given in the table/graph, we can find that...7) As can be seen from the table/graph/figure, there is a marked increase /decline/favorable (an unfavorable) change in...8) As we can see from the table/graph/figure above, drastic/considerable/ great changes have taken place in...over the period of time from...(年份)to...( 年份)9) The table/graph shows that there is a(n) declining/increasing trend of ...from...(年份) to...(年份)10) Anyone who takes a closer look at the data in the table/graph can be surprised to find that...11) It is a traditional practice to...in our society. (e.g. It is a traditional practice for young people to be financially dependent on their parents for anything like marriage and housing.)12) It has long been considered only right and proper to...(in China.) (e.g. It has long been considered only right and proper/perfectly justified for the old to assume full responsibility for the growth of the young.)13) As things usually go against sb.'s will, his original intention was to...(e.g. As things usually go against man's will, his original intention was to change the way people lived by inventing the internal combustion engine. Indeed, its birth has greatly enhanced their enjoyment of life, especially in traveling and transporting. But its dark side is presenting a growing worry to our society.)14) The current situation of..., if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that...(e.g. The current situation of our reforms is political structure, if approached from the opposite angle, reveals that much of the achievement is far from satisfactory. For example,...But...)15) Everything about...seems (not) to be getting on smoothly/just as one wishes in...(e.g. Everything about the economic reform seems to be getting on just as our government wishes in China.)16) To sb.'s mind/In sb.'s eye(s), sth. seems/means... (e.g. In the eyes of the public, official corruption means taking bribes,. ..But such corruption comes in many different forms.) 17) No one would deny that...或：Everyone would agree that...(e.g. 见例2) 18) When it comes to...(sth.), most people (the public) maintain(s)/contend(s) that...(e.g. When it comes to fake commodities, every consumer has much anger to pour upon them.)19) Now it is widely believed that...(e.g. Now it is widely believed that examinations are the best possible measure for the selection of the qualified.)20) A public debate has arisen as to/over/concerning...(e.g. A public debate has arisen as to whether one should step forward bravely in the event of crime.)21) All that sth. has done for our society seems like a big step forward in the right/wrong direction, but it has also brought along with it a great worry /benefit to...(the average people.)(sth.: cloning, the reform in managerial structures, etc.)22) The birth/invention of...has made an enormous/essential difference to ...But it does not mean that...(e.g. The birth of the computer has made a radical difference to the human progress. But it does not mean that this wonder does no threat to our society.)23) Sth. has changed the way our society develops....But its bright side should not keep us from following closely its dark side.(sth.: the genetic engineering, etc.)24) Things about...are going on to our advantage, but a long cool look at ...reveals that...(e.g. Things about the reform in state enterprises are not going on to the most workers' advantage....But a long cool look at this move reveals that it will produce some substantial benefits to our nation in a long run.)25) No/Little doubt that...But...(e.g.［There is］Little doubt that the traditional schooling has contributed much to our social development....But some grave defects in it begin to stand out against the modern times.)26) What does sth. mean? 27) How/Why does sth. affect our life? 28) What is it like to do...? (e.g. What is it like to have lost all confidence in oneself?) 29) What would our society be like if there were no...? (e.g. What would our society be like if there were no public morals?)30) Should we put sth. above sth. else?或：Should we attach as much weight to A as to B?(e.g. Should we put intellectual development above moral education?) 31) Sth. isoften referred to as/defined as... (e.g. Corrupt officials are often referred to as the most dangerous borers in our government bodies, who are nibbling away the healthy organism of our party by dishonest means.)32) (Doing) Sth. is just the same as.../is compared to.../is likened to.. ./is like...(e.g. Life in the middle of marriage is often compared to wire walking, for in the early years spouses attract each other and in late years they need each other.)33) Sth. is to...what sth. else is to...(e.g. An individual human existence is to the human society what a river is to the ocean, small and busy rushing past rocks at first, but gradually growing wider and quieter until it becomes merged in the ocean in the end.)34) To/For/With most people/sb., sth. is/means...(e.g. To dishonest people, a friend means a target or an object that is of some use to them at present or in the future.)35) Sth. is the symbol/mark/equivalent of.../is symbolic of.../is equivalent to...(e.g. If selling one's sex is the mark of degeneration, selling one's power is equivalent to committing crime.)36) Suppose/Imagine that.../Let's suppose/assume/imagine (that)... (e.g. Suppose, by any chance, you heartily disagree with anything that is going on about you, you are less likely to stay on the good side of people around you.)37) We often find ourselves caught/involved in a dilemma whether...(e.g. We often find ourselves caught in a dilemma whether we should reach for the bear's paw or for the shark's fin/whether to reach for...)38) If/In case/In the event that..., it is better to.../a better course is to.../sb. has no choice/option/alternative but to.../all we want to know is ho w...(e.g. In the event that you fall in a love river, all we want to know is how you will swim in it, as you are no longer a fisherman.)39) Unfortunately, sth. may affect sb.'s life to the point where...(e.g. Unfortunately, the desire to be well thought of affects one's life to the point where he is reluctant to say no to anyone else regarding anything.)40) In our life, there often appears such an occasion when.../on which... (或it often happens that...)(e.g. In our daily life, there appears such an occasion when we drink success to our work in one field but, at the same time, begin to do great damage to other fields.)41) “...” That is how one of the great minds/scientists/writers remarked on...(e.g. “Happiness, like an old friend, is inclined to drop in unexpectedly— when you're working hard on something else.” That is how a famous writer once rem arked on happiness.)42) One of the great sociologists/psychologists has said:“...”(e.g. The great classical ballerina Anna Pavlova has said: “No one can arrive from being talented alone. God gives talent; work transforms talent into genius.” In other words ...)43) “...” Such is the accurate exposition/exposure of...frequently over heard in public.(e.g. “Public morals are declining day by day.” Such is the correct exposure of the dark side of our society.)44) How often nowadays we hear such remarks/comp laints/words as this “...” or “...”!(e.g. How often nowadays we hear such complaints from officials as this “I have too many social engagements to carry out” or “I have too many social engagements to carry out” or “I have to bear too many titles for our society”! Don't be misled by the complaints of this kind!)45) One of the great men once said that...(e.g. A gifted American psychologist once said that it is an illusion to believe in the Sunday-school truth—more comfort, more happiness.)46) Once in a newspaper/magazine, I hit upon the report that... (e.g. Once in a newspaper, I hit upon the news that a quick witted policeman spotted a suspect's spittle in the street blotted it up and ran a DNA test on it which led to the man's arrest for a murder. This case best counts as a practical application of the DNA technique.)47) One day, I happened to witness the incident as follows:...(e.g. 略) 3) According to the recent survey/poll/questionaire/statistics, there is/a re...percent of...(e.g. According to a recent survey made in a certain university, there are 43.8 percent of male students and 38.3 percent of female students either facing problems with nutrition or having to miss classes because of illness each term.)48) The scientific studies/statistics show/indicate that...(e.g. The latest scientific studies show that, if one's mind catches hold of something and does not let it go, it is useless to argue with the mind in this condition. This finding further confirms that a modern man is apt to get anxious and depressed.)49) Every weekend sees sb. go about...(e.g. Every weekend sees Ms Song, my roommate, wolf down her dinner and hurry out with her boy friend.)②【常见段首句】1) According to/In the opinion(eye) of/From the viewpoint of some (those) people, the issue in question is...(e.g. In the opinion of some old people, traditional modes of thought are the touchstone by which to tell good from bad.)2) Hit (Confronted/Faced/Seized/Stuck/Haunted/Cursed/Overcome/Infatuated) with..., some people tend to...(e.g. Haunted with sad memories, some people are apt to take a gloomy view on life.)3) In (the) event (face/case/course/time/view) of..., some people usually ...(e.g. In the course of human struggle for survival, quite a few people always direct their eyes to its dark side.)4) As is stated (shown/suggested/listed/illustrated) in.../According to a recent (the latest) report (survey/quetionaire/study/scientific research), the issue in question really...(there are quite a lot of people who...)(e.g. As is shown in a recent questionaire, there are a large number of people who express greater dissatisfaction than satisfaction at the general mood of society.)5) In our daily life (activities/social contact)/In reality/Actually, man y peoplerespond/react to the issue in question by...(e.g. In reality, most people respond to evil-doing by avoiding it whenever possible.)6) A good case in point is (can be best provided by) that of... (e.g. A good case in point is that of a businessman who makes money by fair means or foul.7) Just consider/think of the matter/case of...(e.g. Just consider the matter of raising flowers that are delicate and sensitive to watering.)8) In the course of..., for example, there is/are...(e.g. In the course of coping with worries in life, for example, there is an art to what way you take.)[HJ*4/7]9) Take...for example(或Take, for example,...)A (e.g. Take foot racing (for example), it is a sport in which endurance and strong finish is often more important.)10) As a(n) example (of...)/illustration (of...)/case in point, let's take/see/consider/follow/cite...11) Awareness of the matter in question is one thing/only the beginning( 或the first step), but more important to us is the step/the question of how to (cope with/do with it)...(e.g. Awareness of the harmfulness of superstition is only the first step, but more important to our nation is the step of how to clear it out of our society.)12) There is no easy (perfect/universal/two-bird-one-stone/happiest) method (short-cut/solution/remedy/way) at hand, but...can put us on the right way (in the correct direction) to our final goal/destination (...are/is worth trying out in our work.)(e.g. There is no easy short-cut to removal of superstition, but the following measures/suggestions can put our determination in the right direction.)13) There is no better/sounder time to take steps/measures/action than right now, for no chance will be greater than the one we are offered.(e.g. 略)14) It is obvious (evident/clear/no surprising/high time/hoped/suggested), therefore, that all-out (constant/great/cooperative/further/genuine/substantial/considerable/persistent) efforts should be made (exerted/used/bent/put forth) to ...(或should be directed to.../focused on...)(e.g. It is evident, therefore, that constant efforts should be directed to the ecological balance.)15) Therefore/Obviously/No doubt/Clearly, to...is not a(n) goal/aim to achieve in one step/move/go(或is no easy job/task), and to achieve in one stp/move/ go(或is no easy job/task), and it requires/involves/entails special/proper/all possible means/efforts/measures/remedies.(e.g. Therefore, to eradicate this inherent weakness from our society is not a goal to reach in one move, and it requires special efforts.)16) When/If asked to...I would like to.../would rather (not).../will do as follows.(e.g. If asked to find the way out of the danger these depraved practices have created, I would rather live a simple life than go along with any others in their evil deeds.)17) To...I might as well cite my own experience.(e.g. To draw out of others more valuable opinions upon the problem, I might as well cite my own experience.)18) If I were thrown/put/involved in (to) the context/background/situation/the state of making my choice, I would...(e.g. If I were thrown into the freedom to make my choice among the styles of surviving, I would live like this:...)19) Faced with/Hit with...I resolve/propose to...(e.g. Faced with the challenge from the future life, I resolve firmly to perfect myself in the aspects as follows.)20) As far as I am concerned, I will/have/would...(e.g. 略)21) If sth. is allowed to take its course, it will be sure/bound to bring about/leave/entail desired (unexpected/grave/immediate/reverse/disastrous/far-re aching) effects/consequences/influences.(e.g. 略)22) There are sure/believed/supposed to be some good/bad/beneficial/harmful effects/consequences/influences.(e.g. 略)23) Come what may, it has given rise to several adverse/wholesome effects.(e.g. 略)24) What merits our special/increasing attention/concern, therefore, is a number of effects/influences sth. has produced/exerted.(e.g. What merits our primary concern, therefore, is a variety of effects the bad practices in our Party have produced.)25) The influence/effect/consequence of...has not been confined/limited to (I)also...)(e.g. The influence of our outlook on life has not been confined to any particular aspect of social life. Instead, it has left its mark on every facet of our society.)26) From the analyses of causes for...it is not hard for one to arrive at/come to/reach/draw/assert/deduce/confirm the conclusion that...(或...to distinguish/see the direction in which...)(e.g. From the analyses of causes for divorces, it is not hard for us to draw the conclusion that the divorce rates will go up steadily under the current circumstances.)27) If one continues to cast an indifferent eye on/to turn a deaf ear to/ to be blind to/to overlook the problem, things are sure to go from bad to worse.或：If one is in real earnest in giving all his attention/concern to the problem/matter, things are bound to go from good to better/from bad to good. A(e.g. If the governments at all levels are in earnest in giving their special concern to the problem of unemployment, things are more than likely to go from bad to good.)28) Thus it can be seen from the above that (doing) sth. means much/a great deal/lots more than itself.(e.g. Thus it can be seen that nourishing honesty in government bodies means much more than itself.)29) The significance of (doing) sth. is embodied/reflected in the following respects.(e.g. 略)30) Obviously/Evidently/Clearly/No doubt, sth. will contribute much to... (will add life/color/variety/new meanings/vigor to...)(e.g. Clearly, the afforestation drive will contribute much to our living environment.)31) Of the two things in question, I prefer/favor/give more weight to/endorse the first (second)/the former (latter).(e.g. 略)32) If it is up to me to make a choice (between both), I would rather choose...over...(e.g. If it were up to me to make a choice between both in the event of betrayal of one's country, I would rather choose death over life.)33) Since neither of the two things can be perfect in.../work effectively / come up to...(the required standard), the best/only/ideal course open to sb. is to...(e.g. Since neither of the two measures can be perfect in the solution to the problem of cheating in exams, the best course open to us is to combine the two measures with other possible solutions.)34) In view of the fact that there are obvious/serious drawbacks/weakness e s in either of the things in question, I advocate/endorse...(或insist/maintain/h old that...)(e.g. In view of the fact that there are serious drawbacks in either of the suggestions,I insist that full play should be given to each other's advantages for our purpose.)35) As seen from the above comparison, the first (second) thing is prefer able/more favorable (desirable) (或the first/second thing has more to recommend it), but it should suck advantage out of the other for the sake of perfection.(e.g. 略) 36) From the above comparison and contrast, anyone can safely/reasonably conclude that...(e.g. ...that travelling by car can offer him a greater privilege (chance) of getting to know natural conditions and social customs of places on his way.)37) When the advantages and disadvantages (the pros and cons of both are weighed in terms of...(on the basis of.../in the light of...), don't you think/agree that...(agree to/favor...)?(e.g. When...in terms of actual results, don't you agree that the latter is a better way of learning?)38) Therefore/In conclusion/To sum up, it is because of the unique/substantial/manifold advantages/superiority offered/held by...that...(e.g. In brief, it is because of the substantial advantages held by the perfection of supervision that the public places high hopes on it.)39) As things stand, in fact/substance, nothing can be compared with B in ...although...(e.g. it is not without defects.)(e.g. As things stand, in fact, nothing can be compared with the crackdown o f corrupt officials in arousing the enthusiasm of the masses, although it is not without defects.)40) True/Admittedly/Indeed, there are still imperfections in B, but its strong/bright side is what one needs badly.(e.g. 略)41) The most pressing question/task/problem/issue/matter for us to tackle , in my opinion/in fact, is...(e.g. The most pressing task for us to tackle, in my opinion, is to find new ways of making best of water resources now available.)42) Our efforts/concern/attention/interest should be directed to...(e.g. Our efforts should be directed to what should be done to reverse the t rend.)43) What we really/badly need now is...(e.g. What we really need now is to accept any suggestion conducive to the solution of the problem.)44) It is high time (that)...(e.g. It is high time that we made our minds open to new, different ideas about it and that we started to take some practical measures so as not to leave it to continue its course until it runs wide.)45) Then/On the basis of the above refutation, how/what...(next)?(e.g. ...how to lift ourselves out of the passive situation?...how to repair the damage man has done to the environment?...what can be done about the present trend of blind faith in things foreign.)46) So, I feel strongly that...(e.g. So, I feel strongly that the recent trend of superstition reflects a credibility crisis hanging over the country.)47) In my opinion/To my mind, nothing is more...than...(e.g. To my mind, nothing is more important than the need to know right from wrong.)48) If our first reaction to this wrong thinking/practice is just a retort on it, our true/ultimate goal is...(e.g. ...is to make/put right such illusion/practice.)49) Nowhere in history has the problem/issue/illusion/trend been so...that...(e.g. ...so critical/hindersome that there is a growing awareness of the urge/necessity to abandon the belief that man can always conquer nature.)50) Now (that)/Since...the focus of our concern/argument should be switched over to...(e.g. Now that the issue is too obvious to need further refutation, the focus of our argument should be switched over to intensifying the concept of water shortage among the people.)51) I am of the opinion/point/view that... (e.g. I am of the view that China's future is bright but the road to success is not smooth.) 52) To my mind/From my point of view/In my opinion, whether...or...depend s on how...(e.g. To my mind, whether money may bring us happiness or evils depends on how we get it and how we use it.)53) Anyway/Anyhow/In any case, whether...or...is a difficult question to answer (remains to be turned over), one thing is certain that...(e.g. In any case, whether cloning is a blessing or a curse remains to be turned over; but one thing is certain that it will make a great difference to our outlook on life.) 54) In my eye(s), the wide divergence of opinions as to...does not mean that...(we are at a loss to know how to conduct ourselves). The truth of the matte r (The basic question) is...(e.g. In my eyes, the wide divergence of opinions as to failure does not mean that...The truth of the matter is what place we leave it to hold (occupy) in our heart.)55) I can't give my consent to either of the extreme opinions, for/because/as I believe/hold that...(e.g. ...for I hold that a safer way is to make best of each other's rat ional arguments.)56) I am of the view/opinion/point that we should give first place (priority) to...while making...subsidiary.(e.g. I am of the view that we should give first place to the quality-oriented education while making the examination-oriented education subsidiary.) 57) In my opinion, the former (latter) standpoint is more. .to/for...(e.g. In my opinion, the former standpoint is more suitable for our national conditions.)58) Although the first (second) viewpoint holds water to some degree (extent), I am still favorably inclined towards the second (first) one.(e.g. 略)59) To be frank/To tell the truth, I should second the former (latter) attitude/position in preference to the latter (former).60) Despite the extreme to which the former (latter) viewpoint goes, the fact of the matter, in my opinion, is that...(e.g. ...the fact of the matter, in my opinion, is that more and more people are doing their bit in brightening China's future.)61) For the foregoing reasons, I (have/will) never...(e.g. For the foregoing reasons, I have never wavered in my pursuit of this purpose.)62) Although...nothing has...can...(或I have/will all along...)A(e.g. Although these years have witnessed drastic changes in the way people think and live, I have all along held firmly to the belief that anything in line with the true interests of the people is worth carrying forward.)63) Things may change with tidal currents, but what remains the same as before is...(e.g. ...is my attachment to sb./sth.)64) In my mind, there is not anything/anybody that/who...than...(e.g. In my mind, there is not anything that arouses more excitement than this sport/event/place.)65) Indeed, time and space has proved (that)...(e.g. Indeed, time and space has proved that, the more effort I make in that direction, the more hungry I feel for it.)66) My list could go on, but more important/substantial/pressing to me is (that)...(e.g. ...is what steps I should take towards the realization of my aim.)67) To..., however, is/requires/demands...(e.g. To be a successful learner, however, demands a great deal of work.)68) But in reality, the expression of one' reasons in one thing while the accomplishment of his purpose is another thing, which usually needs/is/requires...(So,...)(e.g. ..., which usually needs a greater effort of will.)69) To me, however, the greatest challenge is not the matter/question of...but (the matter/question) of...(e.g. To me, however, the greatest concern/challenge is not the matter of the grounds for my aspiration, but of capacities to be increased for making it a reality.)70) Since/Now (that)..., what remains to be done/desired is...(e.g. Since the factors for my choice are in black and white, what remains to bedesired is how to strive towards it.) 71) Another (good/ideal) case in point is that of...(e.g. Another ideal case in point is that of rowing against current.)72) To the already well-known/familiar examples/cases of..., another may/can be added:...(e.g. ...of things turning out contrary to one's wishes, another can be added: A great invention in medicine leads to a sharp increase in the average span of human life. But on the other hand, it turns out to overburden the food supply of the world.)73) As another illustration/example, let's take/see (the case of)...(e.g. As another illustration, let's see the case of swimming in an ocean.)74) A very similar case/example/story can be cited/told from...(e.g. ...from the modern military history of China.)75) Perhaps it will suffice to mention another example/case/story of..., which unfolds as follows:...(e.g. ...of an unbridgeable gap between ideal and reality, which unfolds as follows: A woman was speaking to her friend about her two beaus. “If I could combine their qualities, I'd be the happiest person in the world. Ronald is rich, handsome and witty but unwilling to propose marriage to me. Tony, compared with t he first, is outshone but he is eager to marry me.”)76) It is only by/through...that... (e.g. It is only by adapting oneself to a new environment that he is more likely than others to survive in it.)77) From the exemplifications above, it turns out that... (e.g. From the exemplifications above, it turns out that the power of determined will enables one to find some way out of any difficulty.)78) As the foregoing turns out, it matters not...but... (e.g. As the foregoing turns out, it matters not what color your cat is but once it catches mice, it must never be one of the bad.)79) Indeed, the evidence upon all sides justifies/confirms/supports/points to/is in favor of the truth/view/maxim that...(e.g. ...that failure teaches success.)80) Judging from all evidence offered/From what has been mentioned above, we may reasonably/safely arrive at/come to/reach/draw/deduce/assert the conclusion that...(e.g. ...that a just cause enjoys abundant support while an unjust cause finds little.)81) If there is anything more/well worthy of mention/consideration/attention/careful study, nothing comes close to...(e.g. 略)82) To make the better (clearer/easier) best (clearest/easiest), a further/deeper/wiser step/way/study/method/measure/plan is/should be...(e.g. To make the clearer clearest, a further study should be taken up of how the phenomenon “La Ni a” came into being.)83) If you are.../want to..., it is vital/ideal/important/essential that...(e.g. If you are more at home in associating one thing with others, it is vital that you take full advantage of the divergent thinking.)84) The most important/essential/substantial/critical thing/matter worth pointing out, however, is...。