How many people are diagnosed with cancer each year
新视野大学英语读写教程第二版第一册课后翻译汉译英与答案
1.对于网络课程，学生不仅可以选择何时何地学习，在回答问题之前他们还可以有时间思考答案。
(not only…but also…)Not only can students choose when and where to learn for an online course, but also they can take time to think through answers before producing an answer.2.网上学习的想法使她非常兴奋，而他认为网上学习毫无意义和用处。
(while) She’s excited by the idea of online learning while he considers it meaningless and useless.3.与以英语为母语的人交谈是非常有益的体验，从中我们能学到许多东西。
(communicate with)Communicating with native English speakers is a very rewarding experience from which we can learn a lot.4.如今，越来越多的人可以利用互联网查找他们需要的信息。
(have access to) Today, more and more people have access to the Internet through which they look for the information they need.5.他要她放弃工作在家照顾孩子，但是她觉得这个要求太过分了。
(give up) He wants her to give up working and stay home to look after the children. She feels, however, that this is too much for her.6.既然我们已经学完这门课程，就应该多做些练习。
2020-2021学年华南师范大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案
2020-2021学年华南师范大学附属中学高三英语上学期期中考试试卷及答案第一部分阅读（共两节，满分40分）第一节（共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项AContact CCA's Special Programs to learn more about our wide range of credit and noncredit opportunities for academic and personal development.Summer ProgramAn exceptional 4-week program for students currently completing their study of high school.Earn 3 college credits!Our setting is CCA's Oakland campus, where studio-focused, college-level courses help you push beyond concepts to portfolio(作品集)－ready pieces. On-campus Housing & Scholarships available!Summer CoursesCCA offers about 35 for-creditdegree courses each summer, scheduled on theSan FranciscoandOaklandcampuses.Undergraduate and graduate students can work with a visiting artist, develop skills and stay on track for graduation by earning credits...all while still allowing time to visit family, work, travel, etc.For information about summer housing, please contact the Office of Residential Life at 510594722 or housing@ ca. edu.Summer StartSummer Start is a six-week program designed specifically for international undergraduate and graduate students. This is a for-credit program; students receive six credits towards their degree. During the program, you must live on CCA'sSan Franciscocampus.Tuition includes six units of discounted graduate college credit, which will include books, field trip expenses and one-on-one tutoring. Housing fees include six weeks at CCA's San Francisco Panoramic Residence.Company-Customized ProgramsCCA's Office of Special Programs can design customized workshops to develop and strengthen employee skills within your company. Customized programs have included:An Ideation Sketching class, for the design team of a national clothing retailer, scheduled Friday afternoonsonSan Franciscocampus.Software-specific workshops, for designers from a national paper products and gifts retailer, scheduled in a two-day workshop format during the week on ourOaklandcampus.1.Who would most potentially apply for Summer Program?A.Employees in companies.B.International undergraduate and graduate students.C.High school graduates.D.Undergraduate and graduate students.2.What can students do if they take Summer Courses?A.Go on a field trip.B.Visit famous artists.C.Make some friends.D.Earn some credits.3.What are students required to do if they take Summer Start?A.Live on one of the campuses.B.Pay school fees in advance.C.Read as many books as possible.plete the courses on time.BYellowstoneNational ParkbecameAmerica's first national park in 1872. The National Park Service was formed 44 years later in 1916.Yellowstone, which is mostly in the state of Wyoming, is considered an example of the success of the National Park System.Humans have been present in Yellowstone for more than 11,000 years.Yellowstone contains beautiful mountains, deep canyons(峡谷), lakes and rivers.The nameYellowstonecomes from the river running through the area. At first known as Rock Yellow River, it became known as theYellowstoneRiver.Yellowstoneis host to many different species of plants. However, the park is most distinctive because of what lies underneath it. It sits on top of an ancient super volcano, known as The Yellowstone Caldera. The caldera is 48 by 72 kilometers. And it remains an active volcano.It is believed that the last time the volcano erupted was one half million years ago. The area has had three major eruptions in the last three million years.Experts say it may erupt again in another 1,000 to 10,000 years. Buteach year, there are thousands of earthquakes atYellowstone. Most are too small to be felt by people visiting the park.Yellowstoneis filled with the beauty of many hot water springs. hot water and gasses are trapped under the earth. they rush to the surface in the form of hot water and steam.Old Faithful is The most famous one .Iterupts about every hour or hour and a half. The eruption can last from one and a half minutes up to 5 minutes. The amount of hot water it expels（排出）in that time can be as much as 31,000 liters or more.In addition to its beauty and wonder, Yellowstone is an animal sanctuary（保护区）. It is home to the largest group of wild animals in theUnited States. As you travel through the park, you can sometimes see them in their natural habitat and hear their calls .4. What wasYellowstonenamed after?A. RockYellow RiverB. The amazing mountains.C. The stones with yellow color1D. The first discovery inwyoming.5. What makesYellowstonequite unique?A. The scenery is beautiful.B. There are a lot of explorers.C. It’s home to many plants.D. Its location is very special.6. What does the underlined word“It”in Paragraph 5 refer to?A. The earth.B. Yellowstone.C.Old Faithful.D. TheYellowstoneCaldera.7. What can we infer from the text?A. The Yellowstone Caldera has been dead for years.B. Yellowstone is a shelter for the protected wildlife.C. Big earthquakes happen frequently atYellowstone.D.YellowstoneNational Parkhas attracted visitors for centuries.CDepression（抑郁症）in young adult males, ages 18 or 19, is linked to a 20% greater risk of having a heart attack in middle age, according to a new Swedish study.The link can be partly explained by poorer stress resilience（抗压能力）and lower physical fitness among teens with mental disorders.Theresearch included 238,013 men born between 1958 and 1962 who were given examinations in adolescence（青春期）and were then followed into middle age（up to the age of 58 years）. A total of 34,503 menwere diagnosed（诊断）with a mental disorder.The study found thata mental disorder in young adulthond was linked to a higher risk of having heart attack by middle age. Compared to men without a mental illness in young adulthood，the risk of heart attack was 20%higher among men with a diagnosis.“We already knew that menwho were physically fit in adolescence seem less likely to keep fitness in later years if they have low stress resilience” said study author Dr. Bergh, “Our research has also shown that low stress resilience is also connected with a greater tendency towards bad behavior, such as higher risks of smoking, drinking and other drug use.”“Better fitness in adolescence is likely to help protect against later heart disease, particularly if people stay fit as they age. Physical activities may also reduce some of the bad effects of stress. Those in poor health could benefit from additional support to encourage exercise and develop plans to deal with stress,” said Bergh.8. How does the author develop paragraph 3?A. By giving examples.B. By listing figures.C. By making a comparison.D. By drawing a conclusion.9. What are men with low stress resilience likely to do?A. Smoke more.B. Eat more.C. Sleep less.D. Do less exercise.10. What will Bergh agree with according to the last paragraph?A. Physical activitiesadd to stress.B. Stress may cause heart disease.C. Taking exercise is unnecessary.D. Staying fit is of great importance.11. In which section of a newspaper may this text appear?A. Entertainment.B. Health.C. Education.D. Fashion.DRichard Campbell is a secondary school student. He is15 years old. He lives in a small town in the north ofEngland. Every morning, he gets up at eight o’clock, puts on his uniform and walks to school.One hour later, the lessons start. The students usually study maths, English, history and geography in the morning. They usually study music and drawing and they play sports after lunch. They have a ten-minute break between classes. They also spend a long time in the school library, reading books and doing their homework.Richard likes his school very much. His favourite subjects are English and geography, but he doesn’t like maths because he is not good at it.Richard and all his friends spend the whole day at school. Lunch is at one o’clock. He doesn’t like the foodthat the school serves. This is why he often brings a packed lunch from home. He always has his lunch in the dining hall, but some of his friends sometimes eat in the courtyard or outside the school gate.At weekends, he always goes out with his friends because he doesn’t go to school. On Saturday, he always goes to the cinema or to the sports centre. On Sunday, he just goes for a walk with his dog.12. What time do Richard’s lessons begin in the morning?A. At 8:00.B. At 8:30.C. At 9:00.D. At 9:10.13. What does Richard like best?A. Maths and English.B. English and geography.C. History and maths.D. Geography and history.14. Where does Richard have lunch on weekdays?A. In the dining hall.B. At home.C. In the courtyard.D. Outside his school gate.15. What does Richard always do on Saturday?A. He reads and does homework.B. He goes to see films or does sports.C. He walks his dog or does exercise.D. He spends a long time in the library.第二节（共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
高一书面表达
书面表达（2）（同步类）1.、辽宁省沈阳二中10-11学年高一上学期10月月考（英语）书面表达（满分25分）假如你叫李平，你的美国笔友Tom来信询问你十一假期过的怎样。
请根据表格中的信息给他回信，说明你在十一假期中的活动和理由。
活动理由休息学习紧张，缺少锻炼和休息看望乡下的祖父母帮助他们做点家务，并给他们谈了身边的新鲜事和朋友进行短途旅游欣赏大自然，呼吸新鲜空气注意：词数100左右。
Dear Tom,I'm very glad to receive your letter. And it's a pleasure to tell you something about how I spent the National Day holiday.First, I had a good rest because recently I often felt tired as a result of my heavy study burden as well as lack of sleep and physical exercise. Of course, it took me two days to stay with my grandparents living in the countryside and help them do some housework and tell them what happened to me and my friends. What's more, I had a trip with my friends to appreciate the beauty of nature and breathe fresh air. What did you do in your summer holidays? I'm looking forward to hearing from you.Best wishes!Y ours,Li Ping2、辽宁省大连市二十三中学10-11学年高一上学期第一次月考（英语）书面表达（满分25分）你刚进入高中新的学习生活，某英文报欲征集有关高一新生学习经验的小短文.请以“How to Be a Good Learner”为题写一篇英语短文。
高考英语阅读理解精英练习题(8)及答案
2014高考英语阅读理解精英练习题（8）及答案阅读理解Many families in the United States have a larger income now than ever before, but people are finding it difficult to make ends meet anyway. Almost everyone is wondering,“What happens to all my money?”I never seem to have anythi ng left to put away.Why isn’t a dollar worth as much as it used to be? One dollar is always worth the same amount, that is, 100 cents. But the value of a dollar is how much it can buy. The value of money depends on the cost of living. Economists（经济学家）say that the cost of living is the money that a family must pay for the necessities of life（生活必需品）such as food, housing or rent, clothes, and medical expenses. For many years now, the cost of living has increased greatly, so the value of the dollar has decreased. When a dollar has a low value, you cannot buy as many things with it.No one fully understands why the cost of living keeps increasing, but economists believe that workers and producers can make prices go up. As workers earn more money, they have more money to spend, so many demand more goods. If there is a great demand for certain goods, the prices of these goods go up. At the same time, if there’s a shortage（短缺）of goods, the prices also go up. For example, if everyone wants to buy more and more gas, the price of gas goes up. When companies withhold gas from buyers, they can also make the price of gas go up.Families need to know what happens to their money. They need to make their income meet the cost of living, so many people plan a family budget. A budget（预算）is a list of monthly. If your expenses add up to more than your income, you must find ways to save money. Maybe you’re spending too much on entertainment. Or if you’re spending too much on clothes, you may want to sew your own clothes. Budgeting helps you spend your money wisely as the cost of living increases.58. What has troubled many families in the United States?A. A not-large-enough incomeB. Nothing is left over to put awayC. The increasing cost of livingD. A shortage of certain goods59. ________determines(决定) the value of the dollar.A. The governmentB. The cost of livingC. The economistD. The bank60. While the cost of living increases, the value of the dollar__________.A. increases tooB. decreasesC. neither increases nor decreasesD. seldom decreases61. When ________, the prices go up.A. demand（需求）exceeds（超过）supply（供给）B. supply exceeds demandC. demand doesn’t exceed supplyD. supply equals demand参考答案-------------58-61CBBA阅读理解Valentine’s Day’s is named after Saint Valentine, an early Christian churchman who reportedly helped young lovers. Valentine was executed(处决)for his Christian beliefs on February 14 more than 1,700 years ago, but the day that has his name is even earlier than that.More than 2,000 years ago, the ancient Romans celebrated a holiday for lovers. As part of the celebration, girls wrote their names on pieces of paper and put them in a large container（容器）. Boys reached into the container and pulled one out. The girl whose name was written on the paper became his lover or sweetheart for a year.Lovers still put their names on pieces of paper and they send each other Valentine’s Day cards that tell of their love. Sometimes they also send gifts, like flowers or chocolate candy. Americans usually send these gifts and cards through the mail system. But some use another way to send this message. They have it printed in a newspaper. The cost is usually a few dollars. Some of the messages are simple an d short:“Jane, I love you very much. Peter.”Others say more. This one, for example, “Dan, roses are red, violets are blue. I hope you love me as much as I love you. Forever, Mary.”Most of the newspapers that print such messages are local, but one, USA Today, is sold throughout the United Stated and 90 other countries as well. This means someone can send a Valentine message to a lover in a far-away city or town almost anywhere in the world. These messages cost 80 dollars and more. An employee of the USA Today says readers can have a smallheart or rose printed along with their messages this year. Will this kind of Valentine’s Day messages reaches the one you love? Well, just make sure he or she reads the newspaper.62. How to understand“the day that has his name is even earlier than that”?A. The holiday for lovers is earlier than Valentine’s Day that was named after Saint Valentine.B. Valentine was executed a long time ago.C. The day when Valentine was executed is earlier than a holiday for lovers in ancient Rome.D. Valentine’s Day existed when Saint Valentine was still alive.63. Why the girl whose name was written on the paper would become a boy’s lover or sweetheart for a year?A. Because the girl would love the boy who pulled out a piece of paper on wh ich the girl’s namewas written.B. It’s up to the face.C. Because the boy would love the girl whose name was on the paper pulled out by him.D. Not mentioned in the passage.64. In what way do lovers express love when Valentine’s Day is comin g, according to the passage?A. Sending Valentine’s Day cards.B. Sending gifts, like flowers or chocolate candy.C. Sending love through a newspaper.D. All of the above.65. Why printing message in USA Today is so expensive?A. Because readers can have a small heart or rose printed along with their messages.B. Because USA Today is sold through the United States and other countries.C. Because USA Today is an important newspaper.D. Because the quality of the paper USA Today is high.参考答案---------62-65DDDBAbout a third of all common cancers in the United States, China and Britain could beprevented each year if people ate healthier food, drank less alcohol and exercised more, health experts said on Friday.Reports from the World Cancer Research Fund (WCRF) suggest that making simple lifestyle changes could prevent some 40 percent of breast cancers alone in Britain and the United States, as well as tens of thousands of stomach cancers.“Even in 2011, people are dying unnecess arily from cancers that could be prevented through keeping a healthy weight, diet, physical activity and other lifestyle factors,” said a WCRF medical and scientific adviser.WCRF findings are supported by World Health Organization (WHO) reports, which say regular exercise can prevent many diseases such as cancers and heart diseases.Cancer is a leading cause of death around the world and its incidence(发病率) is rising. Each year around 12.7 million people discover they have cancer and 7.6 million people die from some form of the disease. There are about 200 known types of cancer.Rachel Thompson, the WCRF’s head of science, said that while the message was simple —that not smoking, eating good food and being a healthy weight can help ward off many cancers —it was still a difficult one to get across.The WHO says adults should do at least 150 minutes of exercise a week. This could be done by walking for 30 minutes five times per week or by cycling to work every day.Peter Baldini, head of the World Lung Foundation, also called on all governments to introduce smoke-free laws and raise the price of cigarettes. Tobacco kills millions of smokers every year, and tobacco-related lung cancers also kill hundreds of thousands of people who don’t smoke but have been exposed to it second-hand.“There isn’t a magic bullet to cure all forms of cancer, but we have the opportunity and the duty to protect people from developing cancer wherever possible,” Baldini said.63. Which of the following words can best take the place of the phrase “ward off” in the sixthparagraph?A. protectB. preventC. developD. cure【答案】B【解析】词义猜测题。
研究生英语综合教程下册英汉互译(熊海虹)
Unit 1 The Hidden Side of Happiness1 Hurricanes, house fires, cancer, whitewater rafting accidents, plane crashes, vicious attacks in dark alleyways. Nobody asks for any of it. But to their surprise, many people find that enduring such a harrowing ordeal ultimately changes them for the better.Their refrain might go something like this: "I wish it hadn't happened, but I'm a better person for it."1飓风、房屋失火、癌症、激流漂筏失事、坠机、昏暗小巷遭遇恶性袭击事件，没有人想要遭遇其中。
但出人意料的是，很多人发现承受这样一次痛苦的磨难最终会使他们向好的方面转变。
他们可能都会这样说:“我希望这事没发生，但因为它我变得更完美了。
”2 We love to hear the stories of people who have been transformed by their tribulations, perhaps because they testify to a bona fide type of psychological truth, one that sometimes gets lost amid endless reports of disaster: There seems to be a built-in human capacity to flourish under the most difficult circumstances.Positive responses to profoundly disturbing experiences are not limited to the toughest or the bravest.In fact, roughly half the people who struggle with adversity say that their lives subsequently in some ways improved.2我们都爱听人们经历艰难困苦后发生转变的故事，可能是因为这些故事证实了一条真正意义的心理学上的真理，这条真理有时会湮没在无数关于灾难的报道中:在最困难的境况中，人所具有的一种内在的奋发向上的能力会进发出来。
2023-2024学年全国初中七年级下英语人教版月考试卷(含解析)
2023-2024学年全国七年级下英语月考试卷考试总分：105 分考试时间： 120 分钟学校：__________ 班级：__________ 姓名：__________ 考号：__________注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息;2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上;卷I（选择题）一、单选题（本题共计 10 小题，每题 5 分，共计50分）1. —What ________ bad weather it is today!—Yes, ________ weather makes me so sad.A.a; theB./; theC.the; a2. —Can you ________ two languages?—No, I ________.A.speak; canB.speaking; am notC.speak; can'tD.speaking; can't3. —________ did Chinese President Xi Jinping stay in Guilin?—For two days.A.How longB.HowC.WhenD.What4. —Mom, my foreign friend will take a trip in Taiyuan. Do you know somewhere interesting?—Our hometown ________ long history and many sites are worth visiting, for like Jinci Park.A.is thirsty forB.is famous forC.is responsible for5. My mother is ________ at cooking. The food she makes tastes ________.A.good; goodB.well; goodC.good; well6. —Could I ________ some money ________ you?—Sorry. I have little. But Mary can ________ some ________ you.A.borrow; from; lend; toB.lend; to; borrow; fromC.borrow; to; lend; fromD.borrow; to; lend; to7. —________ the weather like in Hangzhou?—It's cloudy.A.How'sB.WhatC.HowD.What's8. —________ will you take, water or juice?—Water.A.WhereB.WhichC.How9. —Does Bob often play computer games online?—No. ________. He doesn’t have a computer.A.neverB.sometimesuallyD.always10. —Liu Ning，thanks for telling me the way to the library.—________.A.Of courseB.Not reallyC.Good ideaD.No problem卷II（非选择题）二、填空题（本题共计 2 小题，每题 5 分，共计10分）11. I met（遇见）Alice this________（早上）12. That's because it was cheaper than________（buy）tickets for all the sports.三、完形填空（本题共计 1 小题，共计5分）13.(5分)The spring sun was shining quite brightly when Mrs. Grant left her house, so shedidn't（1）________ an umbrella with her. She got on the bus to the town and it began to（2）________ soon.（3）________ the bus arrived at the market half an hour later, it didn't stop. So Mrs.Grant（4）________ and picked up the umbrella in front of her carelessly（粗心地）.A young（5）________ said loudly, "That is mine, madam."Suddenly（突然地）（6）________ that she had come out without her umbrella, Mrs. Grant's face turned red. She felt（7）________ for what she had done and apologized（道歉）to the owner（主人）of the umbrella again and again.After she got off the bus, Mrs. Grant went to the（8）________ shop at once. She found a good one and（9）________ it. Then she（10）________ to buy another as a present for her daughter. After that, she did the other（11）________ in the market and had lunch in a restaurant.In the afternoon she got on the homeward（回家的）bus with the（12）________ umbrellas under her arm, and sat down. Then she was（13）________ to see that she was sitting next to the woman again, that was the woman who made her feel awkward（窘迫的）that morning.That woman now（14）________ her and then at the umbrellas. "You've had quite agood（15）________." she said.（1）A.takeB.bringC.carryD.help（2）A.blowB.snowC.flyD.rain（3）A.BeforeB.IfC.WhenD.Because（4）B.stayed upC.stood upD.sat down（5）A.manB.boyC.girlD.woman（6）A.rememberingB.sayingC.watchingD.studying（7）A.sorryB.tiredC.scaredD.happy（8）A.shoeB.umbrellaC.clothesD.gift（9）A.SoldB.collectedC.BoughtD.lost（10）B.forgotC.decidedD.failed（11）A.fightingB.walkingC.cryingD.shopping（12）A.oneB.twoC.threeD.four（13）A.excitedB.surprisedC.worriedD.relaxed（14）A.waited forB.looked forC.looked atD.shouted at（15）A.dayB.mealC.giftD.sport四、阅读理解（本题共计 6 小题，每题 5 分，共计30分）14.Last year, some groups of students in their community（社区）made a survey（调查）about "How do people spend（花费）their free time?" The following diagrams（图表）show some results（结果）of it:Diagram（1）: Hours for people of different ages who surf the Internet in a week.Diagram（2）: Different days people go to the library. （library attendance 出席）Diagram（3）: Different programs（节目）people like.（1）People aged ________ spend the most time surfing the Internet every week.A.7-16B.17-30C.31-55D.over 56（2）How many people go to the library on Saturdays?A.About 20%.B.About 40%.C.Over 60%.D.More than 80%.（3）Which following is NOT TRUE according to the passage?A.Some students in their community made a survey last year.B.People aged 17-30 spend 20 hours surfing the internet a week.C.Nobody goes to the library on Friday.D.People like watching chat best.15.In October, 2001, Zou Qing was born in a poor family in Hunan Province. For as long as Zou Qing could remember, her mother who suffered from polio（小儿麻痹症）could only walk by touching a bench, and the burden（重担）of making money fell on her weak father.However, when she was in Grade 4, Zou Qing's grandmother and father were diagnosed with（被诊断为）cancer and died off. Since her mother could not take care of herself, Zou Qing helped her mother get dressed, wash and do the cooking every morning for the next 9 years. As soon as she came home from school, she immediately cooked. Then she washed feet and cleaned body for her mother. She couldn't study until she finished the housework.Despite（尽管）so many difficulties, Zou Qing never relaxed in her studies. In 2016, she was accepted to the best local high school with excellent grades by examining. But because of the family situation, she gave up the opportunity to go to high school, but entered Hengyang Nuclear Industry Health School（衡阳核工业卫生学校）. The school was far away from home. To take care of her mother, Zou Qing took her mother to her side and rented（租用）a room next to the school so that she could take care of her mother while going to school.In 2019, Zou Qing successfully got the nurse certificate（证书）and worked in the health center in her hometown. After a period of time, she found that if she wanted to solve the medical problems she did not understand at work, she had to continue to learn more knowledge. When she was accepted to Hunan Polytechnic of Environment and Biology（湖南环境生物职业技术学院）, she took her mother to school again.When the leaders of the college knew about Zou Qing's situation, they arranged（安排）a free room for her and her mother, and gave them 20,000 yuan.（1）Who has been suffering from polio?A.Zou Qing.B.Zou Qing's mother.C.Zou Qing's father.D.Zou Qing's grandmother.（2）How long did Zou Qing take care of her mother?A.Less than 5 years.B.At most 8 years.C.At least 9 years.D.More than 15 years.（3）Why did Zou Qing rent a room next to the school?A.To sell something to the students.B.To look after her mother more easily.C.To get to school on time every day.D.To save more money.（4）What can we learn about Zou Qing from the text?A.She has a strong will and great virtue（美德）.B.She went to the best local high school.C.She has to give up her dream for her mother.D.She borrowed 20,000 yuan from the college.16.Imagine you are living in a moving house.Inside the house, there is a small kitchen, bathroom and bedroom. Everything you need is close at hand.In the US, you can really see these moving houses on the road.They are called recreational vehicles（RV, 房车）. People call them houses on wheels.When it's holiday time, the whole family often gets into this lovely house and hits the road for a trip across the country.Compared to a real house, this home on the road is small for a family who has to spend every hour of every day together. But the best thing about it is that it changes your journey into a free exploration（探索）.You can drive as long as you like without worrying about finding hotels.Or you can just stop somewhere nice and stay for a few weeks.You may also come across other families who are on road trips.Together, you take out your tents and snacks. It's camping time with a lot of chat and laughter.Of course, RVs are not always convenient（便利）.They can sometimes break down and you have to spend time mending them.But this type of road trip still wins people's hearts because they can go whenever and wherever they want.（1）________RVs, everything you need is close at hand.A.InsideB.OutsideC.BehindD.Under（2）In the US, people call RVs moving ________.A.carsB.wheelsC.housesD.buses（3）Which of the following about RVs is TRUE?A.They don't have any wheels.B.They are always convenient．C.They may break down sometimes.D.They are always clean.（4）Why do people prefer traveling in RVs?A.They like eating snacks in RVs.B.They can explore their journey freely.C.They may leave RVs in hotels for a few weeks.D.They can eat anything in it.（5）What's the best title of the passage?A.A Road TripB.A Wonderful HouseC.Moving Homes to TravelD.A Cool House17.Being safe in your everyday life needs knowledge. If you remember the following information, your life will be much safer.Always notice the environment around you. You shouldn't walk alone outside, especially at night. Make sure where the public phones are. If anything dangerous happens, you can find them easily.Your bag should be carried in front of your body instead of being put on your back. When a bus is full of people, it is easy enough for a thief to take away the things in the bag on your back.If you are followed by someone you don't know, cross the street and go to the other way. Let the person understand that you know he or she is after you. Next, don't go home at once. You are safer in the street than you are alone at your home or in a lift.If you have to take a bus to a place far away, try to get to the stop a few minutes earlier before the bus leaves. This stops other people from studying you. On the bus, don't sit alone. Sit behind the driver or with other people. Don't sleep.（1）Which of the following is NOT safe according to the passage?A.Go home alone late at night.B.Make sure where the public phones are.C.Try to get to the bus stop a few minutes earlier before the bus leaves.D.Always notice the environment around you.（2）You'd better put your bag ________ when there are too many people on a bus.A.on your backB.beside youC.in front of youD.behind the driver（3）When you are followed by someone on your way home, you should ________ to make yourself safe.A.run homeB.find a lift and go inC.turn back and walk towards him or her at onceD.cross the street and go to the other way（4）When you take a bus alone, it's safe for you ________.A.to sit behind the driver or with other people, but not to sleepB.to talk with the driverC.to call your friendsD.to get off the bus at once（5）What can you learn from the text?A.How to notice the environment around you.B.How to be safe in your everyday life.C.How to cross the street.D.How to use the public phones.18.What do you know about New York? New York is a very large city with millions of people. How do so many people move on their way to work or school?In New York, you can travel by subway, bus, taxi and private car. The subway runs on the railway lines under the city. Traveling by subway is the fastest way to get around the city. The second way to travel around the city is by public bus. It is a slower way to travel. This is because the traffic is very heavy. You can also travel around the city by taxi. This is very expensive, but the taxi will take you to the very place you want to go to. If the traffic is heavy, the taxi will be slow, too. During the mornings and afternoons, there is the "rush hour". This is the time when the traffic is very heavy with people going to and from work. The last way to get around New York is using your own private car. It is inconvenient because you will perhaps be driving during the "rush hour". The best time to travel around the city is from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m., because it isn't the "rush hour".（1）________ ways of transportation are mentioned in the passage?A.ThreeB.FourC.FiveD.Six（2）What is the fastest way to travel in New York?A.By subway.B.By public bus.C.By taxi.D.By private car.（3）Which is RIGHT about travelling by taxi in New York?A.It's cheap and fast.B.It's expensive and slow.C.It's expensive but the taxi will take people to the very place they want to go to.D.It's cheap and the taxi will take people to the very place they want to go to.（4）Why is it inconvenient to use private cars in New York?A.Because the traffic is very heavy.B.Because many people can't buy private cars.C.Because most people aren't at school or at work.D.Because you will perhaps be driving during the "rush hour".（5）From the passage we know that in New York ________.A.there is no "rush hour" from 9 a.m. to 4 p.m.B.the traffic is heavy at noonC.most people have lunch at homeD.people go to work or school at 9 a.m.19. 阅读下面的短文，然后根据短文内容回答问题。
内分泌相关英文缩写与英文解释
ABBREVIA TIONSIADH syndrome of inappropriate antidiuretic hormone secretionThe syndrome of inappropriate secretion of antidiuretic hormone (SIADH) is a disorder in which water excretion is partially impaired because of the inability to suppress the secretion of ADH . In severe cases, the urine output does not exceed one liter per day, despite a water intake well above this level. The ensuing water retention leads to the development of hyponatremia. The syndrome is defined by the hyponatremia and hypo-osmolalityTPP thyrotoxic periodic paralysisThyrotoxic periodic paralysis (TTP) is a rare complication of hyperthyroidism, more common in Asian males between the second and fourth decades of life and is characterized by thyrotoxicosis, hypokalemia and proximal muscle weakness. Thyrotoxic normokalemic periodic paralysis is a rare entity and has so far only been reported in adult males. Patients with thyrotoxic periodic paralysis have recurrent muscular weakness of the four extremities, affecting mainly the lower extremities. The onset of paralytic attacks usually coincides with the onset of hyperthyroidism, though overt findings of thyrotoxicosis are rarely present with the initial paralytic attack. In some cases, the periodic paralysis is the sole manifestation of the hyperthyroidismAITD autoimmune thyroid diseaseAutoimmune thyroid diseases are common diseases that occur when the thyroid gland is attacked by the immune system. Autoimmune thyroid diseases result in abnormal functioning of the thyroid gland. In autoimmune thyroid diseases, the thyroid gland is either over active or under active. Autoimmune thyroid diseases include Graves' disease and Hashimoto's thyroiditis.Autoimmune thyroid diseases are more common in women than in men. The autoimmune thyroid disease called Hashimoto's thyroiditis occurs most often in females between the ages of 30 and 50 years. The Hashimoto's thyroiditis also appears to have a genetic component because it can run in families. People over the age of fifty who have hypertension or atherosclerosis are at risk for developing the autoimmune thyroid disease called Graves' disease.PPT postpartum thyroiditisPostpartum thyroiditis is a phenomenon observed following pregnancy and mayinvolve hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism or the two sequentially. It affects about 5% of all women within a year after giving birth. The first phase is typically hyperthyroidism.Then, the thyroideither returns to normal or a woman develops hypothyroidism. Of those women who experience hypothyroidism associated with postpartum thyroiditis, one in five will develop permanent hypothyroidism requiring life-long treatment.Postpartum thyroiditis is believed to result from the modifications to the immune system necessary in pregnancy, and histologically is a subacute lymphocytic thyroiditis. The process is normally self-limiting, but when conventional antibodies are found there is a high chance of this proceeding to permanent hypothyroidism. Postpartum thyroiditis is a member of the group of thyroiditis conditions known as resolving thyroiditis.PHP pseudohypoparathyroidismPseudohypoparathyroidism is a condition associated primarily with resistance to the parathyroid hormone. Patients have a low serum calcium and high phosphate, but the parathyroid hormone level (PTH) is actually appropriately high (due to the hypocalcemia). Its pathogenesis has been linked to dysfunctional G Proteins (in particular, Gs alpha subunit).GDM gestational diabetes mellitusGestational diabetes (or gestational diabetes mellitus, GDM) is a condition in which women without previously diagnosed diabetes exhibit high blood glucose levels during pregnancy.Gestational diabetes generally has few symptoms and it is most commonly diagnosedby screening during pregnancy. Diagnostic tests detect inappropriately high levels of glucose in blood samples. Gestational diabetes affects 3-10% of pregnancies, depending on the population studied. No specific cause has been identified, but it is believed that the hormones produced during pregnancy increase a woman's resistance to insulin, resulting in impaired glucose tolerance.IGT impaired glucose toleranceImpaired glucose tolerance (IGT) is a pre-diabetic state of dysglycemia that is associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular pathology. IGT may precede type 2 diabetes mellitus by many years. IGT is also a risk factor for mortality. According to the criteria of the World Health Organization and the American Diabetes Association, impaired glucose tolerance is defined as:two-hour glucose levels of 140 to 199 mg per dL (7.8 to 11.0 mmol) on the 75-g oral glucose tolerance test. A patient is said to be under the condition of IGT when he/she has an intermediately raised glucose level after 2 hours, but less than would qualify for type 2 diabetes mellitus. Thefasting glucose may be either normal or mildly elevated.IFT impaired fasting glycaemia or impaired fasting glucoseImpaired fasting glycaemia or impaired fasting glucose (IFG) refers to a condition in which the fasting blood glucose is elevated above what is considered normal levels but is not high enough to be classified as diabetes mellitus. It is considered a pre-diabetic state, associated with insulin resistance and increased risk of cardiovascular pathology, although of lesser risk than impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). IFG sometimes progresses totype 2 diabetes mellitus. There is a 50% risk over 10 years of progressing to overt diabetes. IFG has no symptoms and can often go undiagnosed for years. Although there are no symptoms, many people diagnosed with IFG are overweight. Nine out of 10 people with IFG have high blood pressure, raised cholesterol levels or a family history of the condition.MODY maturityonset diabetes mellitus in youngMaturity onset diabetes of the young (MODY) refers to any of several hereditary forms of diabetes caused by mutations in an autosomal dominant gene(sex independent, i.e. inherited from any of the parents) disruptinginsulin production. MODY is often referred to as "monogenic diabetes" to distinguish it from the more common types of diabetes (especially type 1 and type 2), which involve more complex combinations of causes involving multiple genes (i.e., "polygenic")and environmental factors. MODY 2 and MODY 3 are the most common forms. The severity of the different types varies considerably, but most commonly MODY acts like a very mild version of type 1 diabetes, with continued partial insulin production and normal insulin sensitivity. MODY is not type 2 diabetes in a young person, as might erroneously be inferred from the name.DKA diabetic ketoacidosisDiabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) is a potentially life-threatening complication in patientswith diabetes mellitus. It happens predominantly in those with type 1 diabetes, but it can occur in those with type 2 diabetes under certain circumstances. DKA results from a shortage of insulin; in response the body switches to burning fatty acids and producing acidic ketone bodies that cause most of the symptoms and complications.DKA may be the first symptom of previously undiagnosed diabetes, but it may also occur in known diabetics due to a variety of causes, such as intercurrent illness or poor compliancewith insulin therapy. Vomiting, dehydration, deep gasping breathing, confusion and occasionally coma are typical symptoms. DKA is a medical emergency, and without treatment it can lead to death. DKA was first described in 1886; until the introduction of insulin therapy in the 1920s it was almost universally fatal. It now carries a mortality of less than 5% with adequate and timely treatment.MS metabolic syndromeMetabolic syndrome is a combination of medical disorders that increase the risk of developing cardiovascular disease and diabetes. It affects one in five people, and prevalence increases with age. Some studies estimate theprevalence in the USA to be up to 25% of the population. Metabolic syndrome is also known as metabolic syndrome X, insulin resistance syndrome, Reaven's syndrome (named for Gerald Reaven), and CHAOS (in Australia). A similar condition in overweight horses is referred to as equine metabolic syndrome; it is unknown if they have the same etiology.CSII continuous subcutaneous insulin infusioncontinuous subcutaneous insulin infusion: the constant, continuous infusion of a short-acting insulin driven by mechanical force and delivered via a needle or soft cannula under the skin.Also known as insulin pumpESS euthyroid sick syndromeEuthyroid sick syndrome, sick euthyroid syndrome, non-thyroidal illness syndrome or low T3low T4 syndrome is a state of adaptation or dysregulation of thyrotropic feedback controlwhere the levels of T3 and/or T4 are at unusual levels, but the thyroid gland does not appear to be dysfunctional. This condition is often seen in starvation, critical illness or patients in intensive care unit.DI diabetes insipidusDiabetes insipidus (DI) is a condition characterized by excessive thirst and excretion of large amounts of severely diluted urine, with reduction of fluid intake having no effect on the latter.There are several different types of DI, each with a different cause. The most common type in humans is central DI, caused by a deficiency of arginine vasopressin (A VP), also known as antidiuretic hormone (ADH). The second common type of DI is nephrogenicdiabetes insipidus, which is caused by an insensitivity of the kidneys to ADH. It can also be an iatrogenic artifactof drug use.Excessive urination and extreme thirst (especially for cold water and sometimes ice or ice water) are typical for DI. Symptoms of diabetes insipidus are quite similar to those of untreated diabetes mellitus, with the distinction that the urine does not contain glucose and there is no hyperglycemia (elevated blood glucose). Blurred vision is a rarity. Signs of dehydration may also appear in some individuals since the body cannot conserve much (if any) of the water it takes in.GO Graves ophthalmopathyGraves' ophthalmopathy (also known as thyroid eye disease(TED),dysthyroid/thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO), Graves' orbitopathy) is an autoimmune inflammatory disorder affecting the orbit around the eye, characterized by upper eyelid retraction, swelling (edema), redness (erythema), conjunctivitis, and bulging eyes (proptosis). It is part of a systemic process with variable expression in the eyes, thyroid and skin, caused by autoantibodies that bind to tissues in those organs, and generally occurs with hyperthyroidism. The most common form of hyperthyroidism is Graves' disease. About 10% of cases do not have Graves' disease, but do have autoantibodies.The autoantibodies target the fibroblasts in the eye muscles, and those fibroblasts can differentiate into fat cells (adipocytes). Fat cells and muscles expand and become inflamed. Veins become compressed, and are unable to drain fluid, causing edema.DIDMOAD diabetes insipidus-diabetes mellitus-opticatrophy-deafness=Wolfram syndromWolfram syndrome is the association of juvenile onset diabetes mellitus and optic atrophy, also known as DIDMOAD (Diabetes Insipidus, Diabetes Mellitus, Optic Atrophy, and Deafness). Patients present with diabetes mellitus followed by optic atrophy in the first decade, cranial diabetes insipidus and sensorineural deafness in the second decade, dilated renal outflow tracts early in the third decade, and multiple neurological abnormalities early in the fourth decade. Other abnormalities include primary gonadal atrophy. Death occurs prematurely, often from respiratory failure associated with brainstem atrophy. Most patients eventually develop all complications of this progressive, neurodegenerative disorder. The pathogenesis is unknown.。
2023年6月英语六级真题及参考答案
2023年6月英语六级真题及参考答案六级试卷采用多题多卷形式，大家核对答案时，找准具体选项内容，忽略套数！网络综合版：听力第一套Conversation OneM: Hi Lily, how's the new apartment?W: It's okay.M:What? How can it be just okaywhen last week you were thrilledabout the place and keptnosting photos of it online?W:Well,【1】last week whenfmoved in, the apartment seemed cozy, justthe right size forone person. But nowit just seems tiny, shabby and solitary.M: Al that's the problem. You missyour roommates from university,don't you?W: I'm going to sound like G idiot【2】because Iused to complain to youall the time about how crowded ourdormitory room was, and about allthe things they did to irritate me, likewatching movies late at night withoutheadphones, or talking loudly early inthe morning. But now Imiss themterribly.M: Of course you do. That's perfectlynormal. When I got my first place,Iremember thinking I could ti wait tolive by myself and get away from myjuvenile roommates and all their annoyipghabits.【3】But then began issing them and feelinglonely and thinking that our dormitory was like paradise. Even though there were six of us guys inone small room.W: I thought it was just m who reltlike thiat.M: Look, you lived at home with us.And then you had three roommates.And this is your first time living alone.So i hard But your first apartmentis a milestone in your life. And youshould celebrate it. Tell me about theapartment.W: Actuaily, it's not bad. In fact, it'spretty adorable. Now that I have decorated it and it has et rjthing Ineed. I have a kitchen to cook in thebathroom al! to myself.And then anothes room with my bed at one endand the sofa, a small table and chairsat the C herend.M: That does sound adorable, and【4】Ican't wait to see it. And neither canmom and dad.Question 1: What was the woman'sfirst impression of the apartment?Question 2: Why does the womansay she's going to sound like an idiot?Question 3: What do we learn about the man when he left thedormitory to live on his own?Question 4: What is the man say hecan't wait to do.W: Welcome to our program book talk. Q5.ourgyest today is FrankJonesiditicbf our education system and the author of new book,How to reform our universitres.M: Hello, Susan.W: Frank, you support radicallychanging universities in America. Yes.Q6.I believe that the purpose of highereduad grefo prepare young peopleto enter the workforce and that ourcurrent system fails to do this, We'reallocating too many resou disciplines that don't match the needsof employers.W: I think your attitude to education isa bit cynical Frank. Surely the purpose of university is to prepareyoung people to participate fully incivic life rather than just to find wellpaid jobs.M: Susan, many young graduates struggle to find any job let alone agood one. The job markcisgrim.Particulaniior students who studythe arts. I agree that it isn't easy foryoungr gegple to find work, but youpropose closing down alt departments that aren't directlyrelated to science and technology. Isthat really the solution?M: You're overstating my paint. Q7.My argument is that we need it use moer of our budget on areas like science and engineering. To do that, we needto take money from subjects likeliterature and musicW: Q8,But the arts have value. They'rean important part of our culture.studying literature or music or sculpture might not result in a job inthatae But it helps young people tothink about the world in a.deeperway, which makes them b citizens and makes fora better society.M:l agree that the arts are valuable tosociety, but it's naive to think that notonly tk miost talented, but allstudents should study them at university level. The odds are verycompetitive, and most graduates willend up with a great deal of debt,obtaining a degree that has littlevalue on the job market.Question 5. What do we learn from theconversation about the man?Question 6. What does the manbelieve is the problem with the current American System of Higher Education?Question 7. How should the educationbudget be allocated according to theman?Question 8. What does the woman saythe arts can do?Passage OneDo you ever have the annoying feetingthat you don't have time to really thinkanymore? You're not alone.【Q9】A variet dtdrs have conspired to robus of time for reflectionourselves and our lives.preoccupied minds are rarely Silent.The average person receives hundredsof texts and voice messages a day. Andholidays for many of us are action-packed weeks more likely full of familyactivities than opportunities fortranquility and contemplation.【Q10】Regular reflection,howe,underlies all great professionals. It's a prerequisite for you to recharge yourmental batteries. See things in a newlight and tap into your creativity.Almost all of the great advisors that Ihave studied have found ways to getaway from it all and contemplate theirlife and work. Some researchers in thefield of creativity, in fact, believe thatinsight occurs during the reflection and relaxation that follows aCeriod of intense actvity.Schedule your time for reflection aboutyourwork ora particular proiect you're engaged in. I usually biock outhalf an hour. Don't answer the phone.Push your papers to the side. Sketch,make lists, draw mind maps of ideasthat come to you. At the end, write down any emerging ideas.When you're alone, stop worrying andthink. A lot of our downtime is spentworrying about troublesc ne thihgs inour lives or fantasizing aboat how we'dlike our lives to be.【Q11】Revisitthings during moments of relaxationafter a periodnof intense work. This iswhenwe are the most creative.Question 9 What do we learn about thefeeling that one doesn't heeitime tothink anymore?Questica 10 What trait do all greatprofessionals share?Question 11 What is some researchersbelieve is conducive to creative ideas?Passage Twohad post offices The first opened in 1859 in asettlement founded by migrants searching for gold,Life could be unpredictable outwest. Gold failed to appear. Drought ruinedfarmers, and settlers clashed with_NativeAmericans.On the settlement's location now stands asprawling University campus. Amid all thechanges, one feature remained constant: thepostal service. The maps tracing America'swestward expansion are telling in 1864 therewere few postat branches on land controlledby Native Americans, which still accountedfor most of the West. Over the next 25 years,post offices grew quickly. Colonization'of theWest could be regarded as a result of biggovernment rather than pioneers.【13】Asfederal subsidies and land grants temptedpeople into the deserts and plains, the postkept them connected.In the mid-19th century, the Post OfficeDepartment was far from a centralizedbureaucracy. To keep up with migrationpatterns, postal services were added toexisting businesses.【14】The federal government commissioned private wagons themail. Short term contracts were granted tolocal businessman to act as postmasters.These partnerships enabled the mail to quickly followmigrants helping knit togetherremote parts of the country.Mr. Bellavance, a digital historian, wrote abook on the history of the US postal service.【15】He used the data science to analyzehistorical trends, Most strikingly he built anaccompanying website, complekw;Tinteractive maps.They show readers-howwithin a generation the postal service helpedcolonize a continent. These online interactivemaps illustrate the formative power of snailmail.Q12 What does the passage say AboutColorado before it became a state?Q13 How did the postal service contribute toAmerica's westward expansion?Q14 What did the federal government:do tomeet the increasing demand for the postalservice in the West?Q15 What did Mr. Bellavance do to study thehistory of the US postal service?听力演讲1In last week's lecture, we discussed reasons whypeople forget things. This week we will discuss asurprising reason why we might remember somethings, anxiety. Think about something as simple asbuying a coffee. That may not seem like an experience that would make a deep impression onyour memory. But anxiety could change that. Q16.In fact, a new study suggests that people withhigher anxiety levels might remembertertain information better than people with lower anxietylevels.That's because higher levels of anxiety may makepeople moresusceptible to negative feelings,putting them in a more negative state of mind. Thatin turn, may make them able to better remembersome events. Let's take a closer look at that newstudy now. Q17. In this study, tseardhersstarted by giving 80 undergraduate students ananxiety test. The test measure the participantsanxiety levels over the proceeding two weeks.Then, to test memory, the participants were showna series of neutral words one at a time. Some of thewords were printed onto photos of negative scenes,meaning images that could affect their emotionsnegatively, such as a photo of a car accident, or acemetery. The rest of the words were printed ontophotos of neutral scenes, such as a photo of a lakeor trees. Neutral words included words like table ordesk that don't elicit emotion.Later, the participants were asked to think back tothe words they were shown earlier, which causedthem to reenter either a negative or neutral mindset. The participants were then presented withanother set of neutral words, and their memory ofthese new words was tested.The researchers found that the new words presented to people in a negative mindset werebetter remembered by people with higher levels ofanxiety than those with lower levels of anxiety.In other words, when highly anxious individualstook in otherwise emotionally neutral informationthat was presented to them, it became colored bytheir negative mindset, making them remember theinformation better. But these same effects were notseen in people with low levels of anxiety.Q18. Previous studies havefound that extremeevels of anxiety such as those experienced bypeople diagnosed with an anxiety disorder can bequite detrimentalto memory and cognitive performan But the highly anxious people in thisstudy represent individuals who are managing theiranxiety and for whom anxiety is not. a seriousproblem.Question 16. What does the speaker say the newstudy suggests?Question 17. What did researchers do first in thenew study?Question 18. What do we learn from previousstudies aboutlanxiety?Over the past 20 years, the u ternet hasgradually become a dominant featureof our lives. It has changed how wecommunicate with each other. And ithas definitely transformed the way wedo business with each other:Marketinghas also changed in a number of ways.For instance, in the past, consumershad to call a phone number and patiently wait on hold in order to getthe information they wanted.[Q19]Today, they want the informationimmediately. They'll go to the company's sociaLmediapdc nifostcomments and questions expecting toreceive an immediate response. Iftheydon't get their questions answeredsoon they'll move on to anothercompany that will answer themquickly.Marketing departments today need tofollow technological development. Forexample, this year smartphone issmarter than last years. s fariving cars are now on the road. Marketershave to do research on which techncingies:are coming into bsing,otherwise, they risk being leit behindin the virtual dust.Marketing has also changed due to theimportance of video. People don't justwant to read text. They walt to watchthings happening. Companies now have to explore how they can use videoon a consistent basis to share information about their sinesses.Fortunately, it's extremely easy to shoot something these days. All youneed is a smartphone.But what's the result of all this? Shorteraitention spans? We aren't the samepeople that we were 20 yedi ago. Notonly have we grown accustomed togetting the information we want instantaneously, our attention spansare much shorter. If something doesn'tcaptulc ourattention within a fewseconds. We're on to the next piece ofcontent.[Q20]Marketers need to figureout ways to speak directly to the customer's emotions and they need tofigure out how to do that as quickly aspossible. Once people are emotionallyengaged, they'll stick with you.If marketingi has changed this much inthe past 20 years, imagine what thenext 20 years will bring li ai recentsurvey, only 9% of marketers could saywith confidence that their marketingefforts were actually working. Theirconfidence is being shaken becausethe rules of the game change everyyear. That's why [Q21]it'simportant for marketers to pay attention to the latest technological devel and consider collaborating with technological innovators. That way,they'll be moving at thesame pace asthe tech industry.Question 19 What does the speaker sayabout today's consumers?Question 20 How do marketers captureconsumers'attention as quickly aspossible?Question 21 What does the speakersuggest marketers do to meet futurechalletes?演讲3You might be surprised to learn that [Q22] thebenefits offriendships extend beyond people's sociallifeand into their work, which is interestingwhen cd lili the extent to which peoplesacrifice friendships, or at least the time they spendwith friends because of the exte edihairsthey'redevoting to work. Just last week, rwas remarking toa colleague that I'm content with only one socialengagement per week. But according to recentresearch, that's evidently not enough.In an initial study of more than 700 respondents,scholars from an American university [Q23] analyzethe imrf thst:fiends as opposed to family haveon sel dem Jahd well-being. Friends came outsubstantially on top. That's because to be someone's mate is a voluntary act. Unlike familywho people rarely get to choose. The researchersfound that when people choose to cultivate andmaintain supportive friendships with an individual,it means that the person is valued and worthy oftheir limited time. Such sentiments of value andworthiness boost our self-esteem.The second study comprised more than 300 participants. It proved that the better we feel aboutourselves, the more likely we will perform our jobconfidently and competently. This follow-up studyfound that [Q24] non-work friends even improvedpeople's job satisfaction. They have as much of animpact on how much they love their jobs, as do thefriends they have at work, despite not actuallybeing at our place of work. These types of friendstend to be our preferred outlet fo nni aboutwork-related mattersyThis is an avenue that maynot be available at the office.So even though friendships can be easy to neglectwhen confronted-by pressures at work, or evenpressures at home, neglecting our friends can turnout to be harmful and counterproductive. That'swhy when determining how to create a better work-life balance, we need to consider not only how tobalance work and family demands, but also how tocultivate and sustain supportive friendships. It's for employees for flexible work arrangements. It'sirrelevant whether their need for a desired scheduleis due to say, parenting responsibilities, or a craving to hang out with their best mate. Whatmatters is the opportunity to engage in a nourishingactiyity outside of work. That will definitely have afollow-on effect at work.Q 22 What does the speaker say is interesting?Q 23 What did researchers from an Americanuniversity analyze in their initial study?Q 24 What did the second study find aboutmon-work friends?Q 25 What does the speaker suggest managers do?参考答案：1.A) She is drawn to its integration of design andengineering.2.D) Through hard work.3.C) It is long-lasting.4.A) Computer science.5.B) He is well known to the public.6.D) Serve as a personatassistant.7.D) He has little previous work experience.8.C) He has a high proficiency in several languages.9.A) They have fewer rules and pressures.10.D) They deprive kids of the opportunity todevelop team spirit.11.C) Let them participate in some less risky outdooractivities.12.B) Tech firms intentionally design products tohave short lifespans.13.C) List a repairability score of their product.14.D) Take the initintive to reduce electronic waste.15.A) It can be solved.16.B) How to prevent employees from cyberloafing.17.C) Cyberloafing may relieve employees of stress.18.A) Taking mini-breaks means better jobperfontance.19.D) There were no trees.20.B) He founded a newspaper and used it topromote his ideas.21.B) The state government declared it the officialArbor Day.22.B)They moved ou of Africa about 60,000 yearsago.23.D) The discovery of two modern human teeth inChina.24.A) There must have been some reason for humanmigration.25.D) What path modern humans took to migrateout of America.听力第二套参考答案：作文：心理健康Mental well-being is regarded as a state of health where a person is able to address normal stresses in daily life. Recently,this state has been grasped as much attention as physical health.Obviously, there are several factors that affect people's mental well-being. Firstly, a strong contributor to mental well-being refers to the state of a person's usual environ-ment. Adverse environmental circumstances can lea negative effects on psychological wellness. Livingin a positive social environment, in contrast, can provide protection against mental challenges. Secondly, people's lifestyle can also impact their mental health. Smoking, a poor diet, alcohol con-sumption, substance use, and risky sexual behavior may result in psychological harm. Smoking, a poor diet, alcohol consump-tion, substance use, and risky sexual behavior may result in psychological harm. Worse, such behaviors have been linked to depression.In conclusion, because mental health is so important to general wellness, it's important that you take care of your mental health. Talking therapy, meditation and maintaining a positive outlook on life all contribute to people mental health. With a positive mental state, all areas of life will go towards active de-velopment.友好的讨论When faced with differing opinions, we should try to reach agreement through friendly discussion and reasonable argu-ment. In our daily life, it is common to see college students struggling with a polite and logical way when their views differ from others'. Apparently, this issue has sparked public con-cerns.Friendly discussion allows individuals to share their perspec-tives and opinions in a respectful manner. This can lead to a better understanding of each other's viewpoints and poten-tially even finding common ground. In addition, reasonable ar-gument allows individuals to present evidence and logic to sup-port their position, which can help persuade others to see their point of view. However, it is important to note that not all disagreements can be resolved through discussion and argu-ment alone. In some cases, compromise may be necessary to reach a resolution that satisfies all parties involved.To sum up, friendly discussion and reasonable argument, to a large extent, are of great use. We should be open-minded and engaged in such practices.教育的目标Education has played an increasingly crucial role in modern so-ciety. We aim education on different levels at cultivating the to-be successors of our global village. One important goal that education is trying to achieve is help students master the ways to acquire knowledge.Of all the capabilities one can develop to acquire knowledge in being educated, three sorts are of the greatest significance.First of all, students who are receiving education definitely know that they are always ignorant of some branches in th eocean of knowledge, which can keep them modest and more willing to explore their unfamiliar realms, even deeper if they've already done so. Moreover, students can imitate what their teachers or professors do in or our of class and then gradually acquire the ability to undertake more scientific re-search and intellectual inquiries alone. Last but not least,youngsters who are accustomed to being educated at school or college are more likely to keep studying as a life-long habit,which will have a substantially positive effect on their own life and the future of the human world.In my perspective, education is one of the most marvelous social inventions that ever existed in human history. Without it, the whole globe can never continue developing further in a civilized and prosperous direction.星火英语版：听力部分（共2套）第一套1.B) It was warm and comfortable.2.B) She misses her roommates she used to complain about.3.C) He had a similar feeling to the woman's.4.A) Go to see the woman's apartment.5.D) He has published a book recently.6.C) It has not prepared young people for the job market.7.A) More of the budget should go to science and technology.8.D) Cultivate better citizens.9. A) It is quite common.10. B) Engaging in regular contemplation.11. D) Reflecting during ones relaxation.12. C) There existed post offices.13. D) It kept people in the deserts and plains connected.14. B) It commissioned private wagons to carry the mail.15. C) He examined its historical trends with data science.16. A) Higher levels of anxiety may improve people's memory.17）C) They measured the participants' anxiety levels.18.B) Extreme levels of anxiety can adversely affect cognitive performance.19. D) They expect to get instantaneous responses to their inquiry.20. C) Speaking directly to their emotions.21. B) Keep up with the latest technological developments.22. D) Friendships benefit work.23. A) The impact of friends on people's self-esteem.24. D) They increase people's job satisfaction.25. A) Allow employees to have a flexible work schedule.第二套1. A) She is drawn to its integration of design and engineering.2.D) Through hard work.3.C) It is long-lasting.4.A) Computer science.5.B) He is well known to the public.6.D) Serve as a personal assistant.7.D) He has little previous work experience.8.C) He has a high proficiency in several languages.9.A) They have fewer rules and pressures.10.D) They deprive kids of the opportunity to develop team spirit.11 C) Let them participate in some less risky outdoor activities.12. B) Tech firms intentionally design products to have short lifespans.13. C) List a repairability score of their product.14. D) Take the initintive to reduce electronic waste.15. A) It can be solved.16.B) How to prevent employees from cyberloafing.17.C) Cyberloafing may relieve employees of stress.18. A) Taking mini-breaks means better job perfontance.19.D) There were no trees.20.B) He founded a newspaper and used it to promote his ideas.21.B) The state government declared it the official Arbor Day.22.B）They moved ou of Africa about 60,000 years ago.23.D) The discovery of two modern human teeth in China.24.A) There must have been some reason for human migration.25.D) What path modern humans took to migrate out of America.翻译部分（共3套）1.中国文化出口近年来，越来越多的中国文化产品走向全球市场，日益受到海外消费者的青睐。
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Cancer Research UK is the leading source of high quality, interpreted UK cancer information for health professionals, patients, journalists, and the public. Data on 27 cancer sites are presented on the CancerStats website in downloadable documents, tables, charts and slide presentations; some of which are summarised below.How many people are diagnosed with cancer each year?There are around 309,500 new cases of cancer (excluding non-melanoma skin cancer) diagnosed each year in the UK, and more than 1 in 3 people will develop some form of cancer during their lifetime.Between 1979 and 2008, incidence rates for cancer in Great Britain increased by 26% with a 13% increase in men and a 34% increase in women. However, in the last decade incidence rates have remained fairly constant.There are more than 200 different types of cancer, but four of them - breast, lung, large bowel (colorectal) and prostate - account for over half (54%) of all new cases. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in the UK even though it is rare in men. The 20 most commonly diagnosed cancers in the UK are shown in the figures below.Cancer incidence by ageCancer occurs predominantly in older people, with three quarters (75%) of cases diagnosed in people aged 60 and over, and more than a third of cases in people aged 75 and over.Less than 1% of all cases occur in children (0-14 years). 1427 cases of cancer were diagnosed in children in 2008, with a slightly higher incidence in boys than girls. Almost a third (31%) of all childhood cancers are leukaemias.1,956 UK teenagers and young adults (15-24 years) were diagnosed with cancer in 2008.The most common cancers diagnosed in this age group include Hodgkin lymphoma, testicular cancer, malignant melanoma, bone andconnective tissue, and leukaemia.Around 1 in 10 of all cancer cases occur in adults aged 25-49 years. The most common cancers diagnosed in this age group include breast,malignant melanoma, bowel cancer and cancer of the cervix. Breast cancer accounts for nearly half (45%) of all cancers diagnosed in UK women aged 25-49 years.Cancer incidence by sexProstate cancer is the most common cancer in men accounting for nearly a quarter (24%) of cancer cases in men. Lung cancer is the second most common followed by bowel cancer.Breast cancer is by far the most common cancer in women accounting for almost a third (31%) of cases. Lung cancer is the second most common cancer closely followed by bowel cancer.Cancers of unknown primariesCancers of unknown primaries accounted for 10,951 cases (4%) in 2008. Around threequarters of these occurred in the over 65s.UK incidence 2008: the 20 most commonly diagnosed cancers in personsUK incidence 2008: Males UK incidence 2008: FemalesPersons: all malignant neoplasms excluding non-melanoma skin cancer 309,527 (100%) Males: all malignant neoplasms excluding non-melanoma skin cancer 155,326 (100%)Females: all malignant neoplasms excluding non-melanoma skin cancer 154,201 (100%)How many people die from cancer in the UK?In 2009, there were more than 156,000 cancer deaths in the UK, and over one in four (28%) of all deaths in the UK were due to cancer. Deaths from cancers of the lung, bowel, breast and prostate together account for almost a half (47%) of all cancer deaths. More than 1 in 5 (22%) of all cancer deaths are from lung cancer, largely due to smoking. Colorectal cancer was the second most common cause of cancer death (10%) and despite being extremely rare in men, breast cancer was the third most common cause of cancer death (8%). Between 1980 and 2009, mortality rates from cancer fell by just over a fifth (21%). The 20 most common causes of cancer death are shown in the figures below.Cancer mortality by ageReflecting the incidence of cancer, the majority of deaths from cancer occur in the elderly. More than three quarters of cancer deaths (77%) occur in people aged 65 years and over. Although there is a higher number of cancer deaths in the over 65s, cancer causes a greater proportion of deaths in younger people. Cancer caused more than a third (37%) of all deaths in the under 65s in the UK compared with 26% of all deaths in the over 65s.Cancer mortality by sex Lung cancer is still by far the most common cause of death from cancer in men, accounting for just under a quarter (24%) of all male cancer deaths. However, male mortality rates for lung and bowel cancers have fallen to their lowest levels in almost forty years.Lung cancer also causes the largest proportion of female cancer deaths (21%) but unlike males the number of deaths has been increasing over the last forty years. However, female mortality rates for breast and bowel cancers are thelowest they have been in almost forty years. Gender inequalities in cancer incidence andmortalityAnalysis carried out by Cancer Research UK in collaboration with the National CancerIntelligence Network showed that there were significant differences in both cancer incidence and mortality between the sexes. In general, men were at significantly greater risk of both getting and dying from nearly all of the common cancers that occur in both sexes. The full report can be downloaded from/cancerstats/inequalities/index.htmCancers of unknown primariesDeaths from cancers of unknown primaries accounted for 6% (4,962) of cancer deaths in males and 8% (5,831) of cancer deaths in females in 2009 in the UK.However, there is no standard definition of CUP, which means that the true mortality of this disease may be underestimated.UK mortality 2009: the 20 most common causes of death from cancerUK mortality 2009: MalesPersons: all malignant neoplasms 156,090 (100%)Males: all malignant neoplasms 82,034 (100%)Females: all malignant neoplasms74,056 (100%)UK mortality 2009: Females。