昆明医科大学病理学2009--2019年考博真题
2009昆明医学院博士学位研究生招生入学考试英语试题
昆明医学院博士学位研究生招生入学考试英语试题（EETMARCH282009）考试注意事项一、本试卷由客观评分题和主观评分题两部分组成：客观评分题包括词汇与结构、阅读理解与完型填空三部分，共65题，按顺序统一编号；主观评分题包括翻译与写作两部分，共3题。
二、客观评分题（题号1 -- 65）答案一律用中性（2B）铅笔做在机读答题纸上，在对应题号下所选的字母中间画黑道，如[A][B][C][D]。
三、主观评分题答案做在专用答题纸上。
为了不影响评分，请认真书写中英文答案。
四、试卷上均不得作任何记号，答案一律写在答题纸上，否则无效。
五、本考试全部时间为180分钟，每部分所占时间考生可自行掌握。
六、考试终了时间一到，考生一律停笔，等候监考教师收点试卷及答题纸。
待监考教师将全部试卷及答题纸收点无误并宣布本考试结束，方可离开考场。
Part I V ocabulary and Structure (20 points, 30 minutes)Directions: There are 20 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C, D. Choose the ONE answer that best completes the sentence. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.1.The school committee hoped that their choice of play would be ______ with the students andtheir parents.A. recognizedB. popularC. favorableD.fascinated2.But the Swiss discovered long years ago that constant warfare brought them ________suffering and poverty.A. nothing butB. anything butC. none other thanD. nomore than3.The small mountain village was _______ by the snow for more than one month.A. cut backB. cut outC. cut offD. cutaway4.The American peopl e’s ________ of being polite is different from that held here in China.A. mindB. conceptC. considerationD.thought5.The ______ of AIDS has led to an expansion in research seeking a cure.A. innovationB. selectionC. proliferationD.conviction6.When he was asked about the missing briefcase, the man _______ ever seeing it.A. refusedB. opposedC. resistedD. denied7.Modern appliances _______ us from a good deal of household work. For instance, the dryerfrees us from hanging the laundry.A. escapeB. benefitC. liberateD.comfort8.Our boss, Mr. Thompson, _______ a raise in salary for ages, but nothing has happened yet.A. was promisingB. has been promisingC. promisedD. haspromised9.People under stress have performed ________ feats of strength, like lifting an automobile offan accident victim.A．extraordinary B. specific C. abrupt D. abnormal10.After so many weeks without rain, the ground quickly ______ the little rain that fell last night.A. skippedB. soakedC. retrievedD.absorbed11.The government official can hardly find sufficient grounds ________ his arguments in favour ofthe revision of the tax law.A. on which to baseB. which to be based onC. to base on whichD. on which to be based12.Hydrogen is one of the most important elements in the universe ________ it provides thebuilding blocks from which the other elements are produced.A. so thatB. but thatC. provided thatD. inthat13. What are your _______ for judging a bottle of wine?A. regulationsB. rulesC. premisesD. criteria14.He was reading a piece of science fiction, completely _______ to the outside world.A. to be lostB. lost Ｃ. losingD. having lost15.Is it possible to make an early _______ to have my hair cut tomorrow?A. enrollmentB. engagementC. appointmentD. arrangement16.Since I could not see anything through the microscope, _ ____my careful adjustment, I gaveup.A. for allB. above allC. after allD. in all17.The _______ populated area was a breeding place for infectious diseases.A. denselyB. sparselyC. improperlyD. poisonously18.Renewing my driver’s license today is _________. Otherwi se, the license will expire atmidnight.A. imaginativeB. feasibleC. imperativeD.empirical19.An atom bomb would ________ a city.A. destroyB. damageC. moistD. wet20. All flights _______ because of the snowstorm, many passengers could do nothing but take thetrain.A. had been cancelledB. were cancelledC. have been cancelledD. having been cancelled Part II Reading Comprehension. (25 points, 60 minutes)Directions: There are 5 passages in this part. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C, and D.You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on the AnswerSheet with a single line through the center.Questions 21 to 25 are based on the following passage.Language is often irrational even in the way it combines words into sentences – in its synthesis. If language were perfectly rational in this respect, we should be able to handle words like the nine digits in arithmetic, and combine them into sentences at pleasure by applying a few simple grammaticalrules. In practice, however, we find that a great part of all languages consists of a limited number of natural sentences, only some of which admit of being formed a priori and freely modified by the substit ute of the other words, as when from “have”, “ink”, “pen”, we make up such sentences as “I have the ink”, “Who has the pen?” “Who has the ink?” “He has the ink,” and so on.But just as we cannot go on speaking long without using irregular inflections, so also we cannot go on speaking naturally for any length of time without using irregular combinations of words –combinations which cannot be constructed a priori. The sentences which make up natural speech are of two kinds – general sentences, such as those which have just been given, and special sentences or idioms, such as “how do you do?” “never mind”, which are really on a level with simple words, such as salutation, indifference, and like them, have to be learnt one by one, in the same way as the irregularities of the grammar. Many of them, indeed, have meanings inconsistent with those of the words of which they are made up. Thus “do” never has the meaning it has in “how do you do?” and “help” in the idiomatic expression “I could not help being late” has the meaning “prevent” “avoid”, which is the exact contrary of its ordinary meaning.Again, even in those cases in which the grammar and dictionary allow us to express an idea by various combinations of words, there is often only one of these combinations in actual use. Those who have had to do Latin prose composition know that the main difficulty of the art consists in having an instinctive knowledge of what combinations to avoid. French has a similar character. English and Greek are much freer in this respect, a fact which many foreigners find it difficult to realize. When they ask me such questions as “Can one speak of an ‘elegant supper?” “Can you say, ‘He was bad last night?” I always answer that English is a free language, and that there is nothing t o prevent any one calling a supper “elegant” although I do not remember ever doing so myself. Nevertheless, English has its imitations as well as other languages. Foreigners’ English often presents the curious spectacle of a language constructed on strict grammatical principles, but with hardly a single genuinely English sentence in it.21. Language is irrational in that ___________.A.we can combine words by using simple grammatical rulesB.words in a language are like the nine digits in arithmeticC.the meaning of a sentence can be inferred from the meanings of the words in itD.the meaning of a sentence does not always conform to the meaning of the words in it22.According to the author, __________.A.all languages have a limited number of natural sentencesB.not all sentences in a language can be modified by substituting different wordsC.regular combinations of words should be avoided in our speechD.we should construct a priori before we combine words into sentences23.Which of the following is true?A.Grammatically correct sentences are definitely correct.B.Grammatically correct sentences are not necessarily used in practice.C. A sentence based on grammar should be idiomatic.D. A sentence in practical use must be rational.24.The author thinks it ________ to call a supper “elegant”.A. not idiomaticB. impossibleC. wiseD. good English25.The main idea of the passage is that ________.A.We cannot speak by strict grammatical rulesB.No rule but has exceptionsC.There are two kinds of sentences in a languagenguage has strict grammatical rules to followQuestions 26 to 30 are based on the following passage.Predicting the future is always risky. But it's probably safe to say that at least a few historians will one day speak of the 20th century as America's “Disney era ”. Today, it's certainly difficult to think of any other single thing that represents modern America as powerfully as the company that created Mickey Mouse. Globally, brands like Coca-Cola and McDonalds may be more widely known, but neither encapsulates 20th-century America in quite the same way as Disney. The reasons for Disney's success are varied and numerous, but ultimately the credit belongs to one person — the man who created the cartoon and built the company from nothing, Walt Disney. Ironically, he could not draw particularly well. But he was a genius in plenty of other respects. In business, his greatest skills were his insight and his management ability. After setting himself up in Hollywood, he single-handedly pioneered the concepts of branding and merchandising — something his company still does brilliantly today.But what really distinguished Disney was his ability to identify with his audiences. Disney always made sure his films championed the “ little guy ”, and made him feel proud to be American. This he achieved by creating characters that reflected the hopes and fears of ordinary people. Some celebrated American achievements — Disney's very first cartoon Plane Crazy, featuringa silent Mickey Mouse, was inspired by Charles Lindbergh's flight across the Atlantic. Others, like the There Little Pigs and Snow White and the Seven Dwarves, showed how, through hard work and helping one's fellow man, or Americans could survive social and economic crises like the Great Depression.Disney's other great virtue was the fact that his company — unlike other big corporations —had a human face. His Hollywood studio —the public heard —operated just like a democracy, where everyone was on first name terms and had a say in how things should be run. He was also regarded as a great patriot because not only did his cartoons celebrate America, but, during World War II, studios made training films for American soldiers.The reality, of course, was less idyllic. As the public would later learn, Disney's patriotism had an unpleasant side. After a strike by cartoonists in 1941, he became convinced that Hollywoodhad been infiltrated by Communists. He agreed to work for the FBI as a mole, identifying and spying on colleagues whom he suspected were subversives.But, apart from his affiliations with the FBI, Disney was more or less the genuine article.A new book, The Magic Kingdom; Walt Disney and the American Way of Life, by Steven Watts, confirms that he was very definitely on the side of ordinary Americans — in the 30s and 40s he voted for Franklin Roosevelt, believing he was a champion of the workers. Also, Disney was not an apologist for the FBI, as some have suggested. In fact, he was always suspicious of large, bureaucratic organizations, as is evidenced in films like That Darned Cat, in which he portrayed FBI agents as bungling incompetents.By the time he died in 1966, Walt Disney was an icon like Thomas Edison and the WrightBrothers. To business people and filmmakers, he was a role model; to the public at large, he was “Uncle Walt ”—the man who had entertained them all their lives, the man who represented them all their lives, the man who represented all that was good about America.26. Walt Disney is believed to possess the following abilities EXCEPT ___________.A. paintingB. creativityC. managementD. merchandising27. According to the passage, what was the pleasant side of Disney’s patriotism?A. He sided with ordinary Americans in his films.B. He supported America’s war efforts in his own way.C. He had doubts about large, bureaucratic organizations.D. He voted for Franklin Roosevelt in the 30s and 40s.28. In the sixth paragraph the sentence “Disney was more or less the genuine article” means that__________.A. Disney was a creative and capable personB. Disney once agreed to work for the FBIC. Disney ran his company in a democratic wayD. Disney was sympathetic with ordinary people29. The writer’s attitude toward Walt Disney can best be described as __________.A. sympatheticB. objectiveC. criticalD. skeptical30. The word icon in the last paragraph means __________.A. an imageB. a pictureC. an object of great attentionD. a great scientistQuestions 31 to 35 are based on the following passage.Dramatically increasing costs of developing new drugs and more stringent regulatory requirements made by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration further dampened the drug industry’s appetite for jumping into new antibiotic research and development.The result was virtual paralysis in antibiotic development just when the resistance was careering out of control. “In 1991 an informal survey among pharmaceutical companies in the United States andJapan suggested that at least 50 percent of them had either diminished substantially or totally gotten out of antibacterial research,” says Shlaes. “People simply sloughed off the problem of resistance.”But it’s no surprise that bugs should develop resistance to our efforts to wipe them out. It’s only natural for an organism to do everything it can to evade its killer. By developing new drugs, we attempt to stay one step ahead of our microbial enemies, and the microbes furiously return the favor. Antibiotics actually promote resistance. For example, let’s say that Shoemaker’s young patient was indeed suffering from and ear infection. An antibiotic might wipe out most of those bad bugs, but a few might survive. If the child’s besieged immune system were capable of mopping up, all would be well. But if it weren’t, with the susceptible bacteria now dead, the resistant strains could spread like weed through a newly harvested fiel d. And if the child didn’t take the entire prescribed course of drugs, or if they were the wrong kind, more resistant strains might propagate.To compound the problem, antibiotics don’t just kill bad bugs, they also cut down innocent bystanders. That’s unfortunate, says Levy. “Non-disease-causing bacteria are essential parts of the body’s natural armor against invading infectious bacteria.” These benign microbes limit the spread of their dangerous brethren simply by being in the way. With them gone, the field is even more wide open to resistant bugs to grow rapidly.All that may be unintended result when antibiotics are used to cure disease. But much of antibiotic use is preventive – the penicillin given to the Vietnamese prostitutes, say, or antibiotics prescribed before surgery. Often the doses involved are comparatively low, and the drugs are given over long periods. This regime can be even more favorable for breeding resistance, as can low doses in animalfeed or in agriculture – or in antibacterial products like plastics, household cleaners, soaps, and toothpaste, a more recent menace.31. One of the reasons that made antibiotics research and development paralyzed is that __________.A. the cost of developing new drugs kept risingB. regulatory requirements are not so strictly observed as beforeC. there aren’t enough funds, and labors for drug industry to develop in this fieldD. the market demand is not high32. The case of Shoemaker’s young patient is taken to show that ___________.A. antibiotics can promote resistance of bugsB. antibiotics can kill all the bad bugsC. antibiotics can prevent the bugs from reproducing for goodD. antibiotics research is not well developed33. According to the text, which of the following statements in N0T true?A. Antibiotics kill innocent bacteria as well as bad bugs.B. If drugs were not taken properly, more resistant strains might breed.C. A person’s immune system plays a significant role in the effects of antibiotics.D. Antibiotics are not effective by and large.34. If non-disease-causing bacteria were killed, __________.A. the spread of infectious bacteria would slow downB. the positive effect of antibiotics would be proven fullyC. the spread of bad bugs would be freer and quickerD. resistant bugs would lose their ground to function35. In the last paragraph, it is inferred that ____________.A. preventive use of antibiotics leaves no room for bugs to develop resistanceB. low-dosed or long-term use of antibiotics can be a threat to our health as wellC. low-dosed or long-term use of antibiotics is not likely to breed resistance of bugsD. daily-used antibiotic products can thoroughly prevent the breed of resistant bugsQuestions 36 to 40 are based on the following passage.Until recently, questions about managed care focused on the issues of access to services, choices of doctors and waiting time. Now though, patients and employers are demanding to know more about their managed care plans. What percentage of breast cancer sufferers in a given plan survive? How many babies delivered are healthy? How many times a year do asthma sufferers get rushed to the emergency room?The emphasis on outcomes, though, is relatively new. The Foundation for Accountability a Portland(Ore.)-based group, is developing the first comprehensive set of measurements. Patients, employers and government purchasers of health plans formed the foundation 18 months ago to improve quality in health care delivery.So far, the group has developed seven sets of measurements about specific diseases such as asthma, breast cancer, diabetes and heart disease. No community has yet begun to use these measurements. But David Lansky, the foundation’s president, said that M edicare is preparing to test them in Florida, Minnesota and Washington State. It’s a four-year project and involves gathering data for analysis and giving feedback to doctors and managed care plans.Take breast cancer. The foundation measures quality of care three ways. It tries to determine whether the health plan has steps in place that lead to good care. For example, does it allow mammograms as often and early in life as the latest guidelines suggest? Does the patient understand all of the treatment options available to her?Patient satisfaction is another consideration. Does the health plan communicate well with the patient? Is the patient involved in treatment decisions? Does the patient have access to specialists? How long does the patient have to wait to get the results of a breast biopsy?The result, or outcome, is the final question. People want to know how long patients with breast cancer live and avoid recurrences of their disease. Do they have access to reconstructive surgery and counseling? Do they return to normal life as soon as possible?The ultimate goal, Lansky said, is to get this information into the hands of consumers while they’re choosing a doctor, a hospital or a health maintenance organization (HMO)36. Which of the following statements is true concerning people’s attention to managed care service?A.They used to focus on outcomes.B.They don’t care about access to services, choices of doctors and waiting time for the timebeing.C.They begin to stress the outcomes.D.They begin to stress delivery time.37. The Foundation for Accountability is an organization that __________.A. was set up to improve quality in health care deliveryB. has got its sets of measurements into effectC. is formed exclusively by patients and government purchasers of health plansD. develops sets of measurements about minor diseases38. The set of measurements will be tested ___________.A. over half a decadeB. in three states of the United StatesC. in PortlandD. and the result will be reported to patients other than doctors39. Regarding measuring quality of breast cancer care, it is mentioned in the text that _________.A. it takes three ways to measure, i.e., doctors’ attitude, patient satisfaction and o utcomeB. the Foundation worked out three sets of measurementC. the measurement should take the communication between patient and the health plan intoconsiderationD. the outcome is the least important.40. The significance of measurements mainly lies in that __________.A. health care will be more popularly accepted by consumersB. the Foundation can make some profits by providing informationC. consumers divert their attention on health care from choices of doctors to outcomesD. consumers can have information about the quality of health care when they needQuestions 41 to 45 are based on the following passage.One method of determining your strong points is to appraise past performance honestly and to draw a balance sheet of your assets and liabilities. An appraisal of this sort might profitably be discussed with a friend to obtain a fresh, objective viewpoint on what one should try to do.Second, in job hunting it is important to advertise yourself. One young man – fortunately, a wealthy one – has turned his worries over to the bank where he keeps his money. He has told the bank that sooner or later something will turn up which he would be glad to have called to his attention. To be sure, this man is an exception. Many others, however, are content to call on their friends of business acquaintances, mention that they are “looking” not leaving a clear impression for what, and expect to get results.Job hunting is the hardest of all types of work, and it can be the most interesting. An orderly planned approach is essential. Let us assume you have decided what you want to do, believe and can prove you can do it well, know where you are willing to live, and have an idea of your worth. In short, you have prepared yourself to look for a job.No matter how flexible you are, there are certain companies to which you might be useful and many others to which you will not. Type of industry and size of company are two limiting factors to begin with, aside from your own personal preferences as to location, travel, salary, etc.41. If you want to have a self-appraisal, you should ___________.A. be aware of your strong pointsB. be honest with yourselfC. have enough assetsD. have a balanced mind42. The author suggests that one need discuss with a friend about jobs ___________.A.because friends might know more job opportunitiesB.because friends know you better than you doC.because friends are more honest than you areD.because friends can be more objective43. The example of the young man is used to show that ___________.A. even rich people need to look for a jobB. one should look for the right person in job huntingC. the young man is rich and fortunateD. self-advertising is important in job hunting44. When you prepare yourself to look for a job, you should do all the followingEXCEPT___________.A.knowing what you want to doB. deciding what you candoC. being flexible for everythingD. knowing your ownworth45. The passage discusses ____________.A. the job seekerB. the job marketC. the ideal jobsD. limiting factors in job huntingPart III Cloze (20 points, 1 point each, 30 minutes)Directions: There are 20 blanks in the following passage. For each blank there are four choices marked A, B. C, and D. You should choose the One that best fits into the passage. Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer Sheet with a single line through the center.The normal human daily (46) of activity is of some 7-8 hours’ sleep (47) alternation with some 16-17 hours’ cycle and that the sleep normally coincides(48) the hours of darkness. Ourpresent concern is with how easily and to what extent this (49) can be modified.The question is no mere academic one. The ease (50) people can change from working in the day to working at night is a (51) of growing importance in industry where automation (52)round-the-clock working of machines. It normally (53) from five days to one week for a person to adapt to a (54) routine of sleep and wakefulness, sleeping during the day and working at night. (55) , it is often the case in industry that (56) are changed every week. This means that no sooner has he (57) one routine (58) he has to change to another, (59) much of his time (60) neither working nor sleeping very well .One answer would seem to be better periods on each sh ift, a month, or even three months. (61) , recent research has shown that people (62) such systems will revert to go back to their(63) habits of sleep and wakefulness during the week-end and that this is quite enough to destroy any(64) to night work built up during the week. The only real solution appears to be to hand over the night shift to those night workers whose(65) may persist through all week-ends and holidays.。
2022年昆明医科大学临床医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷A
2022年昆明医科大学临床医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷A一、判断题1、宫颈息肉是一种肉芽肿性炎。
（）2、类风湿关节炎是以滑膜渗出性炎为主要表现的器官特异性自身免疫病。
（）3、臭氧化学性质高度稳定，容易与细胞膜表面的不饱和脂肪酸发生反应，导致炎性介质的释放，引起呼吸道的炎症。
（）4、线粒体病患者受影响最明显的组织器官包括中枢神经系统、骨骼肌、心肌、肝和肾脏。
（）5、凋亡和坏死均有生理性和病理性之分（）6、菌血症患者血液中可查到细菌，机体无中毒症状。
”（）7、早期胃癌指癌组织浸润仅限于黏膜层或黏膜下层，同时无淋巴结转移。
（）8、B细胞淋巴瘤的病理学分类与B淋巴细胞的分化过程密切相关。
（）9、子宫内膜增生、异型增生和子宫内膜癌是一连续的演变过程。
（）10、脂性肾病是引起成人肾病综合征最常见的原因。
（）11、缩窄性心包炎是由于心包腔内渗出物机化和瘢痕而形成。
（）12、成人呼吸窘迫综合征起病急，预后差，病死率可高达5%以上。
（）13、单纯性神经元萎缩是神经元慢性渐进性变性直至死亡的过程。
（）14、单纯性甲状腺肿一般不作甲状腺功能亢进或功能低下。
（）15、病灶中发现抗酸染色阳性的细菌即可诊断为结核病。
（）二、选择题16、透明血栓的主要成分是（）A.红细胞B.血小板小梁C.中性粒细胞D.纤维蛋白E.网状纤维17、白细胞渗出到损伤部位，包括如下过程（）A.边集和滚动、黏附和游出、趋化作用B.边集和滚动、趋化作用、黏附和游C.趋化作用、边集和滚动、黏附和游出D.趋化作用、黏附和游出、边集和滚E.黏附和游出、边集和滚动、趋化作用18、产气英膜杆菌感染可引起（）A.干性坏疸B.湿性坏疸C.气性坏疽D.脂肪坏死E.液化性坏死19、下列哪些细胞属于不稳定细胞（）A.骨母细胞和平滑肌细胞B.表皮细胞和间皮细胞C.心肌细胞和神经细胞满D.肾小管上皮细胞和肝细胞E.唾液腺和涎腺的上皮细胞20、低分化的肿瘤特点是（）A.异型性小B.预后好C.瘤细胞呈明显的巢状排列D.转移风险低E.恶性程度高21、下列哪一种物质中毒可引起周围神经系统病变，出现脱下垂或足下垂，还可刺激牙跟使近齿跟处的色素沉着（）A.铅B.汞C.锅D.砷E.氟22、引起急性弥漫性增生性肾炎患者水肿的主要原因是（）A.肾小管重吸收功能降低B.继发性醛固酮增多C.肾小球滤过率减少，毛细血管通透性增高D.低蛋白血症E.促红细胞生成素分泌减少30、引起急性弥漫性增生性肾炎患者水肿的主要原因是（）A.肾小管重吸收功能降低B.继发性醛固酮增多C.肾小球滤过率减少，毛细血管通透性增高D.低蛋白血症E.促红细胞生成素分泌减少23、常出现砂粒体的甲状腺疾病是（）A.胎儿型腺瘤B.慢性淋巴细胞性甲状腺炎C.弥漫性非毒性甲状腺肿结节期D.髓样癌E.乳头状癌24、乳腺癌的癌前病变是（）A.乳腺增生症B.纤维囊性乳腺病伴不典型增生C.硬化性腺病D.乳腺导管内乳头状瘤E.纤维腺瘤25、原发性胆汁性肝硬化是（）A.自身免疫性疾病B.细菌感染引起C.结石造成的胆道阻塞引起D.慢性化脓性胆管炎E.中华分枝睾吸虫引起26、急性感染性心内膜炎最常见的病原体是（）A.金黄色葡萄球菌B.肺炎球菌C.流感杆菌D.淋球菌E.草绿色链球菌27、家族性高胆固醇血症属于（）A.血浆蛋白病B.受体蛋白病C.膜转运蛋白病D.运输性蛋白病E.蛋白质构象病28、患者，男，60岁，头疼、癫痫伴神经状态的改变，临床诊断为恶性神经系统肿瘤。
昆明医科大学病理学2019年考博真题考博试卷
医学考博真题试卷
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2019 年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。
一、简答题（40 分） 1. 肺动脉血栓的后果 2. 慢性肝炎的分型 s 3. 滋养细胞病理改变 4. 伤寒病理改变 5. 三阴乳腺癌的病理改变 二、论述题（60 分） 1. 干细胞在细胞增殖和组织修复中的作用。 2. 血栓形成的因素和条件。 3. 肝硬化的病理和临床联系。 4. 非小细胞癌的分子学分型和临床价值。 5. 细胞芯片在病理诊断的应用前景。
2022年昆明医科大学临床医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷B
2022年昆明医科大学临床医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷B一、判断题1、急性炎症时局部疼痛，主要是炎症介质导致。
（）2、同种异体骨髓移植的排斥反应由宿主的B细胞和NK细胞介导。
（）3、细胞损伤中最早出现的改变常常是细胞水肿。
（）4、唐氏综合征患者有明显的智力落后、特殊面容、生长发育障碍及多发畸形。
（）5、间变型星形细胞肿瘤可出现假栅栏状排列。
（）6、阿米巴性肝脓肿、细菌性肝脓肿都是化脓性炎。
（）7、乙型肝炎病毒（HBV）携带者肝脏中可见毛玻璃样肝细胞，但无明显肝损伤。
（）8、髓系肉瘤与淋巴瘤的主要鉴别手段是过氧化氨酶的染色。
（）9、原发性子宫颈腺癌预后较鳞状细胞癌好。
（）10、成人呼吸窘迫综合征起病急，预后差，病死率可高达5%以上。
（）11、室壁瘤是指心室壁发生的肿瘤。
（）12、单纯性甲状腺肿一般不作甲状腺功能亢进或功能低下。
（）13、过量的铅可在近齿跟处形成一种“铅线”。
（）14、高血压、肾区肿块和血尿为肾癌具有诊断意义的三个典型症状。
（）15、结核杆菌的致病性与其菌体细胞壁的结构成分密切相关。
（）二、选择题16、心源性水肿的主要原因是（）A.血浆胶体渗透压降低B.淋巴管阻塞C.毛细血管壁通透性增高D.组织液胶体渗透压增高E.毛细血管内流体静力压增高17、二尖瓣关闭不全可引起心脏何种形态的改变（）A.球形心B.靴形心C.梨形心D.绒毛心E.虎斑心18、下述组织或器官的体积增大，仅是由肥大引起的（）A.哺乳期的乳腺B.妊娠期的子宫小C.高血压时的心肌D.功能亢进的甲状腺E.一侧肾脏切除后的对侧肾脏19、下列哪种病变中一般不会出现肉芽组织（）A.心肌梗死’B.脓肿璧C.血栓D.静脉石立E.肺结核空洞20、垂体性休儒症的特征是（）A.常伴有促性腺激素、促甲状腺素等其他激素水平的异常B.腺垂体分泌生长素（GH）正常C.性器官发育正常D.患者智力正常E.常见病因是垂体无功能性肿瘤21、子宫内膜异位症较少累及的部位是（）A.子宫阔韧带B.卵巢C.阴道D.子宫肌壁E.输卵管22、肺出血肾炎综合征（Goodpasture syndrome）主要病变是（）A.肺出血合并肾小球肾炎B.肺出血合并肾盂肾炎C.肺出血合并间质性肾炎D.肺水肿合并肾小球肾炎E.肺水肿合并肾盂肾炎23、引起出血性炎的主要原因是（）A.血管破裂B.血管壁损伤严重C.组织缺氧D.感染严重E.组织水肿24、下列哪项参与体内能量平衡调节（）A.胰岛素B.胃促生长激素C.瘦素D.神经多肽YE.以上均参与25、在欧美国家，引起肝硬化的主要病因是（）A.病毒性肝炎B.药物中毒C.灶性坏死D.碎片状坏死E.长期酗酒26、以下疾病中不易发生恶变的是（）A.交界B.结肠多发性腺瘤C.隐睾D.萎缩性胃炎E.十二指肠溃疡27、下列不属于常染色体病的是（）A.Down综合征B.18-三体综合征C.13-三体综合征D.5p-综合征E.先天性卵巢发育不全综合征28、患者男性，21岁，出现转移性右下腹部疼痛4小时，伴体温升高、呕吐等表现，最可能的诊断是（）A.慢性胃溃疡B.慢性十二指肠溃疡C.大肠癌E.急性阑尾炎29、患者近年来劳累时，心前区经常疼痛，并向左肩部放射，因病情不缓解，住院治疗。
2009年的昆明医科大口腔医学考研真题
2009年的昆明医科大口腔医学考研真题第一部分口腔解剖生理学试题（共计70分）一、名词解释（每题4分，共计20分）1、翼下颌韧带：2、咀嚼系统：3、前牙牙合运循环：4、occlusal plane：5、long centric：二、填空题（每空1分，共计20分）1、乳牙髓腔的特点是(1) 、(2) 、(3) 、(4) 、(5) 。
2、下颌骨骨折的好发部位是(1) 、(2) 、(3) 、(4) 。
3、舌前2/3的味觉由(1) 支配，舌前2/3的一般感觉由(2) 支配，舌后1/3的一般感觉及味觉由(3) 支配（但舌后1/3中央部则由(4) 支配），舌的运动由(5) 支配，舌的血供主要来自于(6) 。
4、拔除上颌第一磨牙需要麻醉的神经分别是(1) 、(2) 、(3) 。
5、腮腺导管开口于(1) ，下颌下腺导管及舌下腺大导管开口(2) 。
三、简答题（共2题，共计30分）1、第一磨牙的咬合关系非常重要，常被称为“牙合键”，简述其主要解剖生理学原因。
（15分）2、简述颞下颌关节的构成及其解剖生理特点。
（15分）第二部分牙体牙髓病学、牙周病学、口腔粘膜病学试题（共计90分）一、名词解释（每词5分，共计15分）1．牙菌斑2．根管预备3．牙周基础治疗二、问答题（共计75分）1．简述慢性牙髓炎的临床表现和诊断要点。
（20分）2．简述深龋的诊断要点和治疗方法。
（20分）3．简述慢性牙周炎的临床表现。
（20分）4．试述重型复发性阿弗他溃疡的表现及治疗。
（15分）第三部分口腔颌面外科学试题（共计70分）一、名词解释（每题5分，共15分，请翻译成中文后解释）1．Sj?gren syndrome2．Frey syndrome3. Trigeminal neuralgia二、填空（每空1分，共25分）1.上颌第一磨牙拔除时需要麻醉的神经有：(1) 、(2) 、(3)。
下颌尖牙拔除时需要麻醉的神经有：(4) 、(5)2.进行单侧唇裂整复术最适合的年龄为(1) 。
2022年昆明医科大学预防医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷B
2022年昆明医科大学预防医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷B一、判断题1、蜂窝织炎性阑尾炎是一种纤维素性炎。
（）2、一侧眼球外伤后，可导致患侧眼球发生交感性眼炎。
（）3、线粒体膜功能损害不可恢复，意味着细胞发生了不可逆性损伤。
（）4、β地中海贫血是由于a珠蛋白基因突变所致。
（）5、颅脑外伤常致硬脑膜外出血和硬脑膜下出血。
（）6、花生四烯酸的代谢产物在炎症中可引起：发热、疼痛、血管扩张、组织损伤、白细胞渗出。
（）7、Crohn病病变呈节段性。
（）8、绿色瘤多伴有慢性淋巴细胞白血病。
（）9、无性细胞痛、胚胎性癌和绒毛膜癌均是来源于生殖细胞的肿箱。
（）10、鼻咽癌最常见的类型是鳞状细胞癌。
（）11、急性风湿性心内膜炎时瓣膜上赘生物容易脱落引起栓赛。
（）12、性早熟症最主要的原因是下丘脑过早分泌促性腺素释放因子。
（）13、臭氧化学性质高度稳定，容易与细胞膜表面的不饱和脂肪酸发生反应，导致炎性介质的释放，引起呼吸道的炎症。
（）14、膜增生性肾小球肾炎又称毛细血管内增生性肾小球肾炎。
（）15、皮肤结核菌素试验阳性提示机体对结核杆菌产生了特异性细胞免疫。
（）二、选择题16、飞行员过快地从地面升到高空可发生A.肺气肿B.氮气栓塞C.血栓栓塞D.脂肪栓塞E.二氧化碳栓塞17、动脉粥样硬化形成中的泡沫细胞主要来源于（）A.内皮细胞B.上皮样细胞C.中性粒细胞D.巨噬细胞E.红细胞18、以下哪种变化不属于化生（）A.吸烟者支气管的假复层纤毛柱状上皮被鳞状上皮取代三科运B.慢性子宫颈炎时，宫颈鳞状上皮被子宫颈管黏膜柱状上皮取代C.慢性萎缩性胃炎时，胃体部腺体被幽门腺取代D.网球运动员肌纤维间出现成骨细胞E.动脉粥样硬化时巨噬细胞转变成泡沫细胞19、关于骨折愈合，下列描述错误的是（）A.血肿形成后由肉芽组织取代并机化，形成纤维性骨痛B.骨痴改建和重塑包括板层骨的形成、重建皮质骨与髓腔的关系C.纤维性骨痴可分化形成透明软骨D.骨性骨痴系纤维性骨茄演变形成的编织骨E.软骨组织经膜性成骨过程演变为骨组织20、嗜铬细胞瘤发生于（）A.肾上腺髓质B.主动脉旁副神经节细胞C.神经垂体D.腺垂体E.甲状腺滤泡旁细胞21、子宫内膜癌主要转移方式为（）A.直接蔓延B.子宫旁淋巴结转移C.血道转移D.种植转移E.腹腔淋巴结转移22、肾癌典型的三大症状是（）A.血尿、肿块、疼痛B.血尿、发热、疼痛C.肿块、发热、血沉快D.血尿、肿块、高血压E.血尿、肿块、水肿23、引起出血性炎的主要原因是（）A.血管破裂B.血管壁损伤严重C.组织缺氧D.感染严重E.组织水肿24、Wemicke-Korsakof脑病是酒精中毒引起哪种维生素缺乏而造成的（）A.维生素AB.维生素B1，C.维生素CD.维生素DE.维生素E25、革囊胃是指（）A.冒黏液癌卵巢转移形成囊状B.胃癌细胞弥漫浸润导致胃壁普邀增厚C.胃幽门梗阻导致胃扩张D.胃癌伴胃扩张E.胃癌伴广泛瘢痕形成26、与EB病毒感染关系密切的肿瘤是（）A.子宫颈癌B.结肠癌C.乳腺癌D.肝细胞癌E.鼻咽癌27、家族性高胆固醇血症属于（）A.血浆蛋白病B.受体蛋白病C.膜转运蛋白病D.运输性蛋白病E.蛋白质构象病28、患者女，32岁，孕16周。
2022年昆明医科大学基础医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷A
2022年昆明医科大学基础医学专业《病理学》科目期末考试卷A一、判断题1、趋化因子可以是外源性的，也可以是内源性的。
（）2、同种异体骨髓移植的排斥反应由宿主的B细胞和NK细胞介导。
（）3、非放射性探针标记物有荧光素、地高辛和生物素等，具有稳定、操作简便、成本低、敏感性高和耗时短等优点。
（）4、唐氏综合征患者有明显的智力落后、特殊面容、生长发育障碍及多发畸形。
（）5、慢性肝淤血时，脂肪变首先发生在小叶中央区。
（）6、炎症时，主动游出血管外的细胞有红细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、单核细胞。
（）7、血色素沉着病是由肝脏内大量出血或溶血引起的。
（）8、淋巴结反应性增生是指淋巴结在各种损伤或刺激下引起淋巴细胞反应性增生，淋巴结结构破坏。
（）9、子宫内膜异位症是指子宫内膜腺体出现于子宫内膜以外的部位。
（）10、正规医院膀胱镜检查不会引发肾盂肾炎。
（）11、急性感染性心内膜炎形成的赘生物主要由脓性渗出物、血栓、坏死组织和大量细菌菌落混合而成。
（）12、肺泡性肺气肿又称阻塞性肺气肿。
（）13、乙型脑炎病毒入血后能否进入中枢神经系统，取决于机体免疫反应和血-脑屏障功能状态。
（）14、亚急性甲状腺炎疾病初期可出现甲状腺功能亢进，晚期可有甲状腺功能低下。
（）15、结核结节中的朗汉斯巨细胞是由感染的上皮细胞融合而来。
（）二、选择题16、符合慢性肝淤血病变特点的描述是（）A.肝细胞大块坏死B.肝窦受压，呈贫血状态C.肝内含铁血黄素沉积D.肝内纤维条索形E.部分肝细胞脂肪变性，可伴有肝内纤维组织增生17、炎症引起的末梢血中白细胞的变化，不包括（）A.计数增高B.核右移C.计数降低D.嗜酸性粒细胞增多E.淋巴细胞增多18、产气英膜杆菌感染可引起（）A.干性坏疸B.湿性坏疸C.气性坏疽D.脂肪坏死E.液化性坏死19、肉芽组织形成过程中能够刺激成纤维细胞和毛细血管增生的细胞是（）A.中性粒细胞B.嗜酸性粒细胞C.巨噬细胞D.肥大细胞E.浆细胞20、属于肿瘤抑制基因的是（）A.c-KIT基因B.ras基因C.myc基因D.NF-1基因E.EGFR基因21、下列哪些疾病与吸烟密切相关（）A.冠心病、肺癌、慢性气管炎B.肺癌、胃癌、肝癌C.喉癌、甲状腺癌、胰腺癌D.高血压、糖尿病、前列腺癌E.冠心病、糖尿病、肝癌22、慢性肾小球肾炎大体标本的特点是（）A.双侧肾对称性缩小，表面弥漫性细颗粒B.双侧肾病变不对称，表面不规则凹陷性激痕C.肿胀充血，呈大红肾D.双侧肾肿胀对称，表面多个小脓肿E.肾盂显著扩张成囊腔，肾皮质变薄23、与纤维性甲状腺炎有关的是（）A.病变仅限于甲状腺内，不向周围组织蔓延B.结核样肉芽肿形成C.形成淋巴滤泡D.显著的纤维化及玻璃样变性E.与外伤有关24、关于卵巢胚胎性癌的叙述，正确的是（）A.为起源于原始生殖细胞的低度恶性肿瘤B.肿瘤细胞分化好，细胞小，核仁不显著，核分裂象少见C.含S-D小体D.发病年龄多在50岁以上E.可与其他生殖细胞肿瘤合并存在25、哪一项不是肝细胞肝癌的组织形态特点（）A.猫细胞分泌胆汁B.癌细胞有角化珠和细胞间桥C.癌细胞血管多，似血窦D.癌细胞间质少，分化低者异型明显E.癌细胞排列成巢状，小梁状，腺管状26、恶性高血压病的主要特征性病理改变是（）A.小动脉纤维素样坏死B.细小动脉玻璃样变C.肌型动脉中膜增厚D.肌型动脉内膜增厚E.中型动脉粥样硬化27、下列属于单基因遗传病的疾病是（）A.糖尿病B.唇裂C.镰状细胞贫血D.精神病E.先天性心脏病28、患者，男.60岁，进行性记忆力下降、定向障碍，其脑组织的病变可能出现（）A.Negri小体B.Lewy小体C.神经原纤维缠结D.鬼影细胞E.蛋白质营养不良29、患者男，40岁，长时间不规则低热.最近出现脾区疼痛.有轻度贫血。
本科《病理学》作业
《病理学》作业（昆明医科大学继续教育学院校外教学点专升本）一、名词解释：变性坏死坏疽虎斑心萎缩肥大增生化生溃疡空洞机化再生肉芽组织创伤性神经瘤心衰细胞槟榔肝血栓形成栓塞栓子炎症介质绒毛心脓肿溃疡窦道瘘管炎性息肉炎性假瘤肉芽肿菌血症败血症脓毒血症毒血症假膜性炎肿瘤异型性非典型性增生转移角化珠癌前病变原位癌Virchow's Signal node Krukenberg's tumor 肿瘤的实质癌脐Aschoff body 枭眼细胞肺肉质变早期肺癌隐性肺癌矽结节革囊胃早期胃癌早期肝癌假小叶新月体结核球颗粒性固缩肾Good Pasture综合征原位癌累及腺体Paget病肺原发综合症树胶肿结核结节假结核结节嗜酸性脓肿干线型肝硬化R-S细胞卫星现象噬神经细胞现象二、比较题：1、比较干性坏疽、湿性坏疽、气性坏疽。
2、比较贫血性梗死与出血性梗死的不同点。
3、比较良、恶性肿瘤。
4、比较癌与肉瘤。
5、比较大、小叶性肺炎的异同点。
大叶性肺炎小叶性肺炎相同点急性渗出性炎，均可引起肺实变，均有细菌感染引起发病年龄青壮年小儿和年老体弱者病因肺炎球菌多种细菌发病机制与机体变态反应有关机体抵抗力下降或呼吸道防御基本病变纤维素性炎化脓性炎病变范围一个肺段至整个肺大叶以细支气管为中心，小叶为单预后好，并发症少差，并发症多见病变特点分四期，病变一致，无支气管病变灶状、多彩性、不一致性、有支气管病变临床特征咳铁锈色痰、实变体征咳粘液脓性痰、散在湿性啰音并发症肺肉质变、中毒性休克心衰、呼衰、支气管扩张6、比较一期愈合和二期愈合的异同点。
两种愈合基本过程是一样的，均有出血、炎症等伤口早期反应、伤口收缩和肉芽组织增生及瘢痕形成。
一期愈合见于组织缺损少、创面整齐、无感染，经接合或黏合后对和严密的创口，二期愈合见于组织缺损较大、创面不齐、哆开，无法整齐对合或伴有感染得创口。
故二期愈合与一期愈合有以下不同：1.由于坏死组织多，或伴有感染，局部组织变性、坏死、炎症反应明显，只有感染被控制，坏死组织被清除后，再生才能开始。
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二、 问答题：（每题10分，共70分） 1．肝硬化时假小叶是如何形成的，假小叶有哪些形态特点？ 2．按照肿瘤的命名原则，请列举发生于前臂的良恶性肿瘤各10个。 3．从病因、发病机制、病理变化、主要临床表现和影像学特点比较大叶性肺炎 与小叶性肺炎的不同点。 4．请举出5种导致锁骨上淋巴结肿大的疾病或病变，并简述肿大淋巴结的病变 特点。 5．尸体解剖发现死者双肾体积肿大，包膜紧张，颜色暗红，表面及切面散在出 血点，肾皮质增宽。镜下大多数肾小球体积增大，球囊内细胞数目显著增多， 肾小管腔内见蛋白、红细胞和白细胞。试分析： （1）该病例的病理诊断是什么？
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昆明医科大学
2011年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、名词解释：（每题3分，共30分） 1．Metaplasia 2．Granulation tissue 3．Paget disease 4．Infarct 5．Primary complex 6．Gumma 7．Piecemeal necrosis 8．Reed-Sternberg cell 9．Aschoff body
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尸检：主动脉壁增厚，内膜可见灰黄色斑块，主动脉局部内膜分离，其间可见血 凝块，冠状动脉内膜增厚，狭窄。 问题1：该患者的死亡原因是什么？ 2：叙述心血管病变形成的过程。
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昆明医科大学
2013年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
二,问答题(每题10分,共70分) 1,简述小叶性肺炎,肾盂肾炎,流行性脑脊膜炎的病变共性和不同点(病 因,发病年龄,感染途径和病变特点) . 2.病人出现血尿,请分析可导致血尿的疾病和病变特点(至少3种) . 3.试述良性高血压晚期脑,心脏和肾脏的主要病理改变及后果. 4. 病人的手指被刀切伤,深达肌层,试述伤口的愈合过程和影响伤口愈合 的因素. 5. 以肺癌为例,试述恶性肿瘤的扩散规律. 6.试述心衰细胞,枭眼细胞,伤寒细胞,镜影细胞和泡沫细胞见于何种疾 病或病变以及镜下形态特点. 7,患者,男,50岁,因呕血急诊入院.既往患乙型肝炎16年.查体见面部 和胸部有蜘蛛痣,腹壁静脉怒张,腹水征阳性.实验室检查: HBsAg(+),HBcAb(+),HBeAg(+),ALT 明显增高,AFP 明显增高.B 超检查有大 小不等的结节. 请分析: (1) 该病人患何疾病? (2) 该疾病的发生发展过程? (3) 请解释为何出现上述临床表现?
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昆明医科大学
2010年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、10个英文名词解释（30分） 1、空洞 2、假小叶 3、假结核结节 4、副肿瘤综合征 5、鬼影细胞 6、槟榔肝 7、白色血栓 8、异型性 9、含铁小结 10、脂褐素
二、七个问答题（70分） 1、动脉粥样硬化病理变化的发生发展过程。 2、引起肺硬化的几种病变特点及后果（至少3种）。 3、中年女性，直肠癌根治术后下肢血栓形成的原因及影响。 4、引起脑转移性肿瘤的五种最可能的肿瘤，它们的病变特点及转移途径。 5、肠结核、肠伤寒、肠阿米巴，细菌性痢疾病变特点及结局。 6、冷脓肿、肝阿米巴脓肿、嗜酸性脓肿、神经脓肿各有何特点，与通常所说的 脓肿有何不同。 7、引起纤维素性炎的疾病特点和结局。
攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试卷
医学考博
历年真题试卷
昆明医科大学
2009年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一,名词解释(每题3分,共30分)
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traumatic neuroma 外伤性神经瘤 fistula 瘘 tubercle 结节 organization 机化 metastasis 转移 neuronophagia 噬神经细胞 linitis plastica 皮革胃 inflammatory mediator 炎症介质 atheroma 动脉粥样硬化 cervical intraepithelial neoplasia (CIN)宫颈上皮内瘤
二、问答题（70分，每题10分） 1、中年男性，痰中带血，左锁骨上淋巴结肿大，X线示肺门阴影。最有可能的诊 断是？镜下特点？ 2、请就原因、病变范围、形态特点、基因调控、意义等方面比较坏死和凋亡的 区别？ 3、肿瘤性增生与炎症、损伤修复性增生有何区别？ 4、你所学的疾病中那些可以导致上消化道出血，至少举出3种疾病，简述其病 变特点。 5、简述浸润性肺结核与继发性肺结核其他类型之间的关系。 6、简述宫颈癌的发生发展过程。 7、男性，57岁，既往有心绞痛病史，心前区疼痛一周，经治疗症状缓解，今上厕 所突然晕厥，抢救无效死亡。
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（2）死者生前可能出现哪些临床表现，请用病理变化予以解释。 6．请以化脓性阑尾炎为、靴形心各见于什么疾病或病变，试述其形 态特点。
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昆明医科大学
2012年攻读博士学位研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：病理学 注意：所有答案一律写在答题纸上，写在试题纸上或其他地方一律不给分。 一、英文名词解释（30分，每个3分） 说明：原试题只有英文，无中文提示 1、atrophy 萎缩 2、carcinoma in situ 原位癌 3、mirror image cell 镜像细胞 4、congestion 淤血 5、embolism 栓塞 6、tuberculoma 结核球又称“结核瘤” 7、exudation 渗出 8、hydrocephalus 脑积水 9、heart failure cell 心衰细胞 10、crescentic glomerulonephritis 新月体性肾小球肾炎