A Theoretical and Practical Probe into Ecological Model for Western Ecological Project Construct
隧穿效应的英语
隧穿效应的英语The Quantum Tunneling EffectQuantum tunneling is a fascinating phenomenon in quantum mechanics that allows particles to pass through potential barriers that would be classically insurmountable. Thiseffect is not just a theoretical curiosity but has practical implications in various fields, including electronics, nanotechnology, and nuclear physics.At the heart of quantum tunneling lies the wave-particle duality of matter. According to quantum mechanics, particles such as electrons do not have a definite position but are described by a wave function that gives the probability of finding the particle in a particular location. When aparticle encounters a potential barrier, its wave function does not abruptly end at the barrier but instead decays exponentially on the other side.The probability of a particle tunneling through the barrier is determined by the barrier's height, width, and the energy of the particle. Even if the particle has less energy than the barrier, there is still a non-zero probability that it will tunnel through, albeit very small. This is in stark contrast to classical physics, where a particle with insufficient energy would simply bounce off the barrier.One of the most well-known applications of quantumtunneling is in the operation of the tunnel diode, a type of semiconductor device that exhibits negative resistance. The device's operation relies on the tunneling of electrons through a thin insulating barrier between two conducting layers. This allows for high-speed switching and amplification, making it useful in various electronic circuits.Another application is in the scanning tunneling microscope (STM), which uses the tunneling effect to probe the surface of a material at the atomic level. The STM has revolutionized surface science by providing detailed images of atomic structures and has even been used to manipulate individual atoms.In nuclear physics, quantum tunneling is the mechanism by which alpha particles can escape from the nucleus of certain radioactive isotopes, leading to decay. This process is crucial for understanding the stability of atomic nuclei and the behavior of radioactive materials.In summary, the quantum tunneling effect is a fundamental aspect of quantum mechanics that has far-reaching consequences in various areas of science and technology. Its ability to allow particles to overcome seemingly insurmountable barriers is a testament to thecounterintuitive and often surprising nature of the quantum world.。
固体物理英文教材
固体物理英文教材Solid State Physics TextbookThe field of solid state physics is a vast and complex area of study that encompasses the fundamental properties and behaviors of materials in their solid state. This branch of physics is crucial in understanding the behavior of materials at the atomic and molecular level, and has far-reaching applications in fields such as electronics, materials science, and nanotechnology.One of the primary goals of solid state physics is to develop a comprehensive understanding of the structure and properties of solids, including their electronic, magnetic, and thermal characteristics. This involves studying the arrangement and interactions of atoms within a solid material, as well as the various defects and impurities that can influence its behavior.A solid state physics textbook is an essential tool for students and researchers who are interested in this field. These textbooks typically cover a wide range of topics, including crystal structures, lattice vibrations, electronic band theory, semiconductor physics, superconductivity, and more. They provide a detailed and systematicapproach to the subject, guiding readers through the fundamental concepts and mathematical principles that underlie the behavior of solid materials.One of the key features of a solid state physics textbook is its emphasis on the experimental and theoretical foundations of the field. Textbooks often include detailed discussions of the various experimental techniques used to study solid materials, such as X-ray diffraction, neutron scattering, and scanning probe microscopy. They also delve into the mathematical and theoretical frameworks that have been developed to model and predict the behavior of solids, including quantum mechanics, statistical mechanics, and solid state theory.Another important aspect of a solid state physics textbook is its coverage of the diverse applications of solid state materials. Textbooks may explore the use of semiconductors in electronic devices, the role of magnetic materials in data storage and energy conversion, and the potential of superconductors in high-speed computing and power transmission. By highlighting these real-world applications, textbooks help students understand the practical relevance and importance of solid state physics.In addition to providing a comprehensive overview of the field, a solid state physics textbook should also be designed to be user-friendly and accessible to students. This may involve the use of clear and concise language, well-designed illustrations and diagrams, and a logical and organized structure that guides readers through the material in a step-by-step manner.One of the challenges in writing a solid state physics textbook is the need to strike a balance between depth and breadth. On the one hand, the textbook should cover the fundamental principles and concepts in sufficient detail to ensure a thorough understanding of the subject. On the other hand, it should also provide a broad overview of the field, touching on the diverse range of topics and applications that fall under the umbrella of solid state physics.To address this challenge, textbook authors often employ a variety of pedagogical strategies, such as the use of worked examples, problem sets, and case studies. These tools can help students apply the concepts they have learned and develop a deeper understanding of the material.Overall, a solid state physics textbook is an invaluable resource for anyone interested in the study of solid materials and their properties. Whether you are a student, a researcher, or a professional working in a related field, a well-written and comprehensive textbook can provide you with the knowledge and tools you need to explore the fascinating and ever-evolving world of solid state physics.。
论接受美学对文学翻译的启示
武汉理工大学硕士学位论文论接受美学对文学翻译的启示姓名：***申请学位级别：硕士专业：外国语言学及应用语言学指导教师：***20050501武汉理工大学硕士学位论文摘要众所周知，阐释学的兴起与发展拓宽了文学翻译研究的范畴。
１９世纪６０年代末期，与阐释学有着密切关系的接受美学风靡了整个欧美文学界。
这一理论以其全新的观点，对整个文学领域乃至文学翻译领域都产生了独一无二的影响。
姚斯和伊瑟尔是这个理论的两个代表人物。
他们都十分重视文本的歼放性以及读者在阅读中的重要性。
在他们看来，读者的参与是文学文奉发展的内在动力和潜在因素。
迄今为止，围绕着接受美学及其相关课题，国内外研究者已展丌了大量的翻译实践及理论研究。
然而，中国译界对这一课题的研究则起步较晚。
凶此，从理论发展水平及研究成果上来比较，则落后于西方国家。
同时，在理论引进的过程中，由于研究缺乏系统性，也带来了不同层次的误解和问题。
由于接受美学从根本上动摇了传统的翻译理论及观点，将其引入并应用到翻译理论界，其所遭遇的阻力可想而知。
针对现状，本文对接受美学的概念和观点做ｒ充分而又透彻的研究，并总结了这一理论在实践中所取得的成果。
为了让读者对接受美学理论的内容及其在翻译领域的地位有一个清楚的认识，本文首先详细的介绍了这一理论的主要思想及其在中国翻译界的运行轨迹。
在文章的第二部分，则阐述了如何引进一个全新的理论，以及如何对待理论引进过程中所存在的问题。
只有将这些问题解决了，文章－－１能进一步地证明将文学界的接受美学理论引入文学翻译领域的合理性和必要性。
文章的第三部分是全文的重点。
由于现存的很多研究很片面，缺乏系统性，文章将会系统而又客观地阐述接受美学对文学翻译各个范畴所产生的启示。
除此，文章还会提出并解决被大多数研究者所忽视的问题（比如，如果承认了文本的丌放性，如何看待不同译者的不同阐释？如何界定译者在翻译过程中阐释的自山度？）此外，文章的这一部分还将运用接受美学的相关理论来解决翻译实践中的问题和争论，从而进一步论证这一理论的实践性和引进价值。
“西体中用”论文：李泽厚“西体中用”思想探究
“西体中用”论文：李泽厚“西体中用”思想探究【中文摘要】”体用”问题是中国自近现代以来寻求社会变革道路所面临的一个重大的理论问题,历来争论不休。
而李泽厚的“西体中用”论又是二十世纪八十年代中国学术界在“体用”论争中独树一帜、并引起较大争议的一种观点。
学术界对李泽厚“西体中用”理论的评价大都认为他是在变相地搞“全盘西化”,反对马克思主义的指导,其实质是要在中国走资本主义道路。
这种批评不可谓不严厉。
然而,通过研读李泽厚相关的著作、文章可以发现,以上批评指责是不够准确的。
因为李泽厚的“西体中用”理论既不主张全盘西化,也不赞同抱残守缺,而是要在中国开创出一条有别于西方的现代化发展模式。
所以对这一理论有重新研究评价的必要。
为此,本文力争在马克思主义关于的世界历史理论大视野下,在鸦片战争以来中国社会变革和体用问题的探索这一大背景下,在借鉴东亚儒教文化圈诸“小龙”成功实现社会现代化的经验的基础上,准确把握李“西体中用”的思想脉络;通过整体把握李泽厚“西体中用“的理论框架,力求准确把握其核心思想与现实指向;力求忠实于作者原意,并对长期以来对其思想的错误理解予以澄清,还“西体中用”论以本来的面目。
透过对李泽厚“体”“用”思想的研究,我们发现:李泽厚“西体中用”思想的核心是“生活”,这是他对传统体用观的重大超越。
在他看来,“人活着”是哲学的第一命题。
他的“生活”哲学中包括“如何活”、“为什么活”以及“活得怎样”的问题。
就其“生活”哲学而言,其理论来源有两个,即经典的马克思主义和经典儒学。
他主张从建设物质生活和精神生活的角度把这两种“经典”很好地结合起来,使“西体中用”得到了切实的落实:在政治上,进行改革,推进民主政治;在经济上,主张市场主体间的公平竞争;在文化心理上,主张培育现代公民人格。
而他所主张的一切的改革、发展,都是在坚持社会主义制度、坚持马克思主义为指导的前提下进行的。
我们认为,李泽厚“西体中用”论虽然是上个世纪八十年代提出的,但传统与现代的矛盾在当今社会依然存在,“西体中用”思想在当代中国的现代化建设过程中无疑有着重要的现实意义。
杰尼奥公司的Raman光谱仪使用培训课程说明书
6Who should attendFrom Monday 9 am to Wednesday 5:30 pmDates: February 11-13, 2019 May 13-15, 2019 June 24-26, 2019 October 7-9, 2019November 18-20, 2019Users of HORIBA Scientific Raman spectrometers • A cquire theoretical and practical knowledge on Raman spectrometers • L earn how to use the software • L earn methodology for method development and major analytical parameters • H ow to set up an analytical strategy with an unknown sample • H ow to interpret results• L earn how to follow the performances of theRaman spectrometer over the time.Day 1• The theory of the Raman principle • R aman Instrumentation • P ractical session – System and software presentation, Acquisition Parameters: - L abSpec 6 presentation and environment: useraccounts, file handling, display of data, basic functions - S et up of acquisition parameters and singlespectra measurement - Templates & ReportsDay 2• Analysis of Raman spectra • P ractical session: Raman spectrum measurement and Database Search - O ptimization of the parameters: how to chosethe laser, the grating, the confocal hole, the laser power- How to use the polarization options - Library Search using KnowItAll software - How to create databasesRaman imaging • H ow to make a Raman image (1D, 2D and 3D) • D ata evaluation: cursors, CLS fitting, peakfitting•Image rendering, 3D datasets •Fast mapping using SWIFT XSDay 3Data processing• Processing on single spectra and datasets • Baseline correction • Smoothing • Normalization• Spectra subtraction, averaging • Data reduction • Methods• Practical exercisesCustomer samples: Bring your own samples!Duration: 3 daysReference: RAM1Raman Microscopy for Beginners7Acquire technical skills on DuoScan, Ultra Low Frequency (ULF), Particle Finder or TERS.Users of HORIBA Scientific Raman spectrometers who already understand the fundamentals of Raman spectroscopy and know how to use HORIBA Raman system and LabSpec Software. It is advised to participate in the basic Raman training first (RAM1).Introduction to DuoScan• Principle and hardwareDuoScan Macrospot• Practical examplesDuoScan MacroMapping• Practical examplesDuoScan Stepping Mode• Practical examplesCustomer samples: Bring your own samples!Presentation of the ULF kit• Principle and requirements • Application examplesInstallation of the ULF kitIntroduction to Particle Finder• Principle and requirementsPractical session• Demo with known sample• Customer samples: Bring your own samples!Practical session• Demo with known samplesCustomers samples: Bring your own samples! Presentation of the TERS technique• Principle and requirements • Application examplesDemo TERS• Presentation of the different tips and SPM modes • Laser alignment on the tip • T ERS spectra and TERS imaging on known samplesPractical session• Hands-on on demo samples (AFM mode)• Laser alignment on the tip • T ERS spectra and TERS imaging on known samplesRaman Options: DuoScan, Ultra Low Frequency, Particle Finder, TERS8Users of HORIBA Scientific Raman spectrometers who already understand the fundamentals of Raman spectroscopy and know how to use HORIBA Raman system and labSpec Software. It is adviced to participate in the basic Raman training first.Who should attendDates: February 14, 2019 June 27, 2019November 21, 2019Duration: 1 dayReference: RAM2From 9 am to 5:30 pm• Acquire theoretical and practical knowledge on SERS (Surface Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy)• Know how to select your substrate • Interpret resultsRaman SERSIntroduction to SERSPresentation of the SERS technique • Introduction: Why SERS?• What is SERS?• Surface Enhanced Raman basics • SERS substratesIntroduction to the SERS applications• Examples of SERS applications • Practical advice • SERS limitsDemo on known samplesCustomer samples: Bring your own samples!Raman Multivariate Analysis9Users of HORIBA Scientific Raman spectrometerswho already understand the fundamentals of Ramanspectroscopy and know how to use HORIBA Ramansystem and LabSpec Software. It is advised toparticipate in the basic Raman training first (RAM1).• Understand the Multivariate Analysis module• Learn how to use Multivariate Analysis for data treatment• Perform real case examples of data analysis on demo and customer dataIntroduction to Multivariate Analysis• Univariate vs. Multivariate analysis• Introduction to the main algorithms: decomposition (PCA and MCR), classification and quantification (PLS)Practical work on known datasets (mapping)• CLS, PCA, MCRIntroduction to classification• HCA, k-means• Demo with known datasetsIntroduction to Solo+MIA• Presentation of Solo+MIA Array• Demo with known datasetsData evaluation: cursors, CLS fitting, peak fitting• Fast mapping using SWIFT XSObjective: Being able to select the good parameters for Raman imaging and to perform data processScanning Probe Microscopy (SPM)• Instrumentation• T he different modes (AFM, STM, Tuning Fork) and signals (Topography, Phase, KPFM, C-AFM, MFM,PFM)Practical session• Tips and sample installation• Molecular resolution in AFM tapping mode• M easurements in AC mode, contact mode, I-top mode, KPFM• P resentation of the dedicated tips and additional equipment• O bjective: Being able to use the main AFM modes and optimize the parametersimaging)Practical session• Hands-on on demo samples (AFM mode)• Laser alignment on the tip• T ERS spectra and TERS imaging on known sample Day 3TERS Hands-on• T ERS measurements, from AFM-TERS tip installation to TERS mapping.• TERS measurements on end users samples.• Bring your own samples!28Practical informationCourses range from basic to advanced levels and are taught by application experts. The theoretical sessions aim to provide a thorough background in the basic principles and techniques. The practical sessions are directed at giving you hands-on experience and instructions concerning the use of your instrument, data analysis and software. We encourage users to raise any issues specific to their application. At the end of each course a certificate of participation is awarded.Standard, customized and on-site training courses are available in France, G ermany, USA and also at your location.Dates mentionned here are only available for HORIBA France training center.RegistrationFill in the form and:• Emailitto:***********************• Or Fax it to: +33 (0)1 69 09 07 21• More information: Tel: +33 (0)1 69 74 72 00General InformationThe invoice is sent at the end of the training.A certificate of participation is also given at the end of the training.We can help you book hotel accommodations. Following your registration, you will receive a package including training details and course venue map. We will help with invitation letters for visas, but HORIBA FRANCE is not responsible for any visa refusal. PricingRefreshments, lunches during training and handbook are included.Hotel transportation, accommodation and evening meals are not included.LocationDepending on the technique, there are three locations: Longjumeau (France, 20 km from Paris), Palaiseau (France, 26 km from Paris), Villeneuve d’Ascq (France 220 km from Paris) or at your facility for on-site training courses. Training courses can also take place in subsidiaries in Germany or in the USA.Access to HORIBA FRANCE, Longjumeau HORIBA FRANCE SAS16 - 18 rue du canal91165 Longjumeau - FRANCEDepending on your means of transport, some useful information:- if you are arriving by car, we are situated near the highways A6 and A10 and the main road N20- if you are arriving by plane or train, you can take the train RER B or RER C that will take you not far from our offices. (Around 15 €, 150 € by taxi from Charles de Gaulle airport, 50 € from Orly airport).We remain at your disposal for any information to access to your training place. You can also have a look at our web site at the following link:/scientific/contact-us/france/visi-tors-guide/Access to HORIBA FRANCE, Palaiseau HORIBA FRANCE SASPassage Jobin Yvon, Avenue de la Vauve,91120 Palaiseau - FRANCEFrom Roissy Charles de Gaulle Airport By Train • T ake the train called RER B (direction Saint RemyLes Chevreuse) and stop at Massy-Palaiseaustation• A t Massy-Palaiseau station, take the Bus 91-06C or 91-10 and stop at Fresnel• T he company is a 5 minute walk from the station,on your left, turn around the traffic circle and youwill see the HORIBA building29 Practical InformationAround 150 € by taxi from Charles de Gaulle airport. From Orly Airport By Train• A t Orly airport, take the ORLYVAL, which is ametro line that links the Orly airport to the AntonyRER station• A t Antony station, take the RER B (direction StRemy Les Chevreuse) and stops at Massy-Palai-seau station• A t Massy-Palaiseau station, take the Bus 91-06C, 91-06 B or 91-10 stop at Fresnel• T he company is 5 minutes walk from the station,on your left, turn around the traffic circle and youwill see the HORIBA building• O r at Orly take the Bus 91-10 stop at Fresnel.The company is 5 minutes walk from the station,on your left, turn around the traffic circle and youwill see the HORIBA building. We remain at yourdisposal for any information to access to your trainingplace. You can also have a look at our web site at thefollowing link:/scientific/contact-us/france/visi-tors-guide/Around 50 € by taxi from Orly airport.Access to HORIBA FRANCE, Villeneuve d’Ascq HORIBA Jobin Yvon SAS231 rue de Lille,59650 Villeneuve d’Ascq - FRANCEBy Road from ParisWhen entering Lille, after the exit «Aéroport de Lequin», take the direction «Bruxelles, Gand, Roubaix». Immmediatly take the direction «Gand / Roubaix» (N227) and No «Bruxelles» (A27) Nor «Valenciennes» (A23).You will then arrive on the ringroad around Villeneuve d’Ascq. Take the third exit «Pont de Bois».At the traffic light turn right and follow the road around, (the road will bend left then right). About 20m further on you will see the company on the right hand side where you can enter the car park.By Road from Belgium (GAND - GENT)Once in France, follow the motorway towards Lille. After «Tourcoing / Marcq-en-Baroeul», follow on the right hand side for Villeneuve d’Ascq. Take the exit «Flers Chateau» (This is marked exit 6 and later exit 5 - but it is the same exit). (You will now be following a road parallel to the mo-torway) Stay in the middle lane and go past two sets of traffic lights; at the third set of lighte, move into the left hand lane to turn under the motorway.At the traffic lights under the motorway go straight, (the road shall bend left then right). About 20 m further you shall see the company on the right hand side where you can enter the car park.AeroplaneFrom the airport Charles de Gaulle take the direction ‘Ter-minal 2’ which is also marked TGV (high speed train); where you can take the train to ‘Lille Europe’.Train - SNCFThere are two train stations in Lille - Lille Europe or Lille Flandres. Once you have arrived at the station in Lille you can take a taxi for HORIBA Jobin Yvon S.A.S., or you can take the underground. Please note both train stations have stations for the underground.Follow the signs:1. From the station «Lille Flandres», take line 1, direction «4 Cantons» and get off at the station «Pont de bois».2. From the station «Lille Europe», take line 2, direction «St Philibert» and get off at the following station «Gare Lille Flandres» then take line 1, direction «4 Cantons» and get off at the station «Pont de Bois».BusBus n°43, direction «Hôtel de Ville de Villeneuve d’Ascq», arrêt «Baudoin IX».InformationRegistration: Fill inthe form and send it back by FAX or Email four weeks before beginning of the training.Registration fees: the registration fees include the training courses and documentation. Hotel, transportation and living expenses are not included except lunches which are taken in the HORIBA Scientific Restaurant during the training.Your contact: HORIBA FRANCE SAS, 16-18 rue du Canal, 91165 Longjumeau, FRANCE Tel: + 33 1 64 74 72 00Fax: + 33 1 69 09 07 21E-Mail:***********************Siret Number: 837 150 366 00024Certified ISO 14001 in 2009, HORIBA Scientific is engaged in the monitoring of the environmental impact of its activitiesduring the development, manufacture, sales, installation and service of scientific instruments and optical components. Trainingcourses include safety and environmental precautions for the use of the instrumentsHORIBA Scientific continues contributing to the preservation of theglobal environment through analysis and measuring technologymentisnotcontractuallybindingunderanycircumstances-PrintedinFrance-©HORIBAJobinYvon1/219。
天文学的英语作文
天文学的英语作文The Fascinating World of Astronomy。
Astronomy, the study of celestial objects and phenomena, has captured the imagination of humans for centuries. From the ancient civilizations who used the stars for navigation to the modern scientists who explore the depths of the universe, astronomy has always been a source of wonder and fascination. In this essay, we will explore the history of astronomy, its importance in our lives, and the exciting discoveries that have been made in recent years.The history of astronomy dates back to ancient times, with civilizations such as the Babylonians, Egyptians, and Greeks making significant contributions to the field. These early astronomers observed the movements of the stars and planets, developed calendars based on celestial events, and even made rudimentary measurements of the Earth's size.Their observations and calculations laid the groundwork for the development of modern astronomy.One of the most important figures in the history of astronomy is Nicolaus Copernicus, whose heliocentric model of the solar system revolutionized our understanding of the universe. Prior to Copernicus, it was widely believed that the Earth was the center of the universe, with the sun and other planets revolving around it. Copernicus's model, which placed the sun at the center of the solar system, was a groundbreaking concept that laid the foundation for the modern understanding of planetary motion.The invention of the telescope in the early 17th century further revolutionized astronomy, allowing scientists to observe celestial objects in greater detail. Galileo Galilei, using a telescope of his own design, made several groundbreaking discoveries, including the moons of Jupiter and the phases of Venus. His observations provided compelling evidence for the heliocentric model and helped to cement the telescope as an essential tool for astronomers.In the centuries that followed, astronomers continuedto make important discoveries about the nature of the universe. Sir Isaac Newton's laws of motion and universal gravitation provided a theoretical framework for understanding the motions of celestial bodies, while the development of spectroscopy allowed scientists to analyze the composition of stars and galaxies. The 20th century saw the development of powerful telescopes and the launch of space probes, which allowed astronomers to study the universe in unprecedented detail.Today, astronomy continues to be a vibrant and exciting field of study. Modern astronomers use a variety of tools and techniques to explore the universe, from ground-based telescopes and space-based observatories to computer simulations and data analysis. Recent discoveries, such as the detection of exoplanets orbiting other stars and the observation of gravitational waves from colliding black holes, have expanded our understanding of the cosmos and raised new questions about the nature of the universe.In addition to its scientific importance, astronomy also holds a special place in our culture and society. Thebeauty and majesty of the night sky have inspired artists, poets, and musicians for centuries, while the practical applications of astronomy, such as GPS technology and weather forecasting, have become essential parts of our daily lives. Furthermore, the search for extraterrestrial life and the exploration of other planets have captured the public's imagination and sparked widespread interest in space exploration.In conclusion, astronomy is a fascinating and important field of study that has deep roots in human history and continues to make significant contributions to our understanding of the universe. From the ancientcivilizations who gazed at the stars in wonder to the modern scientists who probe the depths of space, astronomy has always been a source of inspiration and discovery. As we continue to explore the cosmos, we can look forward to new and exciting revelations about the nature of the universe and our place within it.。
教育的定义方式及评析
教育的定义方式及评析王卫华（湖南师范大学教育科学学院，湖南长沙410081）摘要：教育的定义方式决定着教育的定义内容。
从哲学认识论角度分析，教育的定义方式可以分为实在论定义方式和现象学定义方式。
教育的实在论定义方式把教育当作一个已经完成的实体或存在者，教育定义是对实体的“符合”或趋近；教育的现象学定义方式把教育当作一个正在发生的存在，教育定义是定义者参与其中而生发出的对教育的认识。
前者是旁观式认识，它便于人们对教育进行深刻反思或理论言说；后者是参与式认识，它便于人们对教育产生实践认同和内心共鸣。
时至今日，两种教育定义方式有相互靠拢的趋势，但又保持着各自的独立性，这种态势形成了人们认识过程中的平衡和张力。
其价值在于提醒人们，当秉持教育定义的一端时，不至于狂妄地不知或否定教育定义的另一端。
关键词：教育；教育定义；定义方式；实在论；现象学A Probe into the Realistic and Phenomenological Approaches to the Definition of EducationWANG Weihua（College of Education，Hunan Normal University，Changsha410081，Hunan，China）Ａｂｓｔｒａｃｔ押The approach to the definition of education determines the content of education.From the perspective of philosophical epistemology，there are two approaches to the definition of education:realism and phenomenology.Regarding education as an entity that has already been completed，the realistic approach defines education as"conformity to"or approaching the entity;regarding education as an occurring being，the phenomenological approach defines education as the recognition of education by participants in education.The former is a bystander approach，which facilitates people's deep reflection or theoretical statement;the latter is a participatory approach，which facilitates people's recognition of practice and internal resonance.Up to now，the two approaches tend to be close to each other and yet maintain their independence，which reflects the balance and tension in the process of cognition.When people hold one side of the definition of education，they should not arrogantly have no idea of or deny the other side.Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ押Education;Definition of Education;Approach to Definition;Realism;Phenomenology教育的定义，其通俗表达是“教育是什么”，它是认识、研究或实践教育的“第一道门槛”。
中文摘要英译基本句型
中文摘要英译基本句型：In this paper, … is discussed / we discuss … from the perspective of ...This paper, applying … to …，is an attempt to …The present study analyzes / introduces…by comparing …The findings show that the problem is worthy to be explored.The stu dy shows that… Thus it is suggested…This article explores … on the basis of …In this paper, … is reviewed / studied …This paper aims to explore /aims at introducing … from the perspective of … based on … in terms of …This paper offers a critique of …, and argues that（本文从批评……入手，指出了……）Taking the approach of a case study, this paper uses …（本文以……为个案进行分析……）This paper argues /analyzes that…and points out…The author attempts to explain, from the angle of pragmatics, … The author also points out…, …accordingly the author puts forward…The paper attempts to find out the reasons why…in term of…, and intends to clarify the fact that…本文试图从……的角度来探讨……的原因,阐明这样一个事实:This paper deals with the concept of… From the angle of … the author examines … and explores…（本文以……为视角，探讨……指出…..）This paper is a systematic introduction to …(本文系统地介绍了……)This article seeks to explain the concept of…from a (philosophical) point of view. It argues…The thesis focuses on /centers on the research of…We find that…This paper is a furth er research on…The research focuses on…With the facts of…, the paper explains…and then points out…In view of….this paper puts forward /advances that… Considering…, this paper also makes a few suggestions on how to…With the aid of …(theories), and from the perspective of… this paper probe into…(本文借助……（理论）……从……入手）This paper makes some theoretical and empirical analyses on…（本文对……进行了一些理论与实证方面的研究）Based upon the analysis of, this paper then continues to … from a variable range of possibilities …, with its emphasis on …This paper, from the point of view of translation, discusses problems concerning the definition of …（文章从翻译的角度探讨了…..）Starting from….this paper discusses…. It first discusses…. It then elaborates…. It concludes that…This paper discusses th e nature of…from various angles. Having explored …the paper not only makes an attempt to…but also puts forward…This paper begins with an introduction … Then, it puts forward the idea of … through the method of detailed analysis, it highlights … Furthermore, the paper employs …APPENDIX IPublic Signs1. Grand Opening2. Sale / Big Sale / Sale Price3. Clearance Price4. Two For the Price of One5. Factory outlet6. Manufacturer’s Suggested Retail Price7. Satisfaction Guaranteed, Or Money Back.8. It’s No w ; Or Never9. All Sale Are Final; No Refunds10. Admission Free11. Admission by Ticket Only12. Seat by Number13. Inspection Declined14. Round-the-Clock Business/Always Open15. Closed For Stocking-takingClosed Temporarily For Repair16. Instant Service/Repair17. Same Day Service18. No Visitors (谢绝访客)19. Hands Off20. No Bills / Spitting / scribbling / Standing / Parking / Honking / Way Out1. 电梯故障，停止运行2. 非饮用水3. 公共洗手间4. 贵重物品随身携带5. 节约用电6. 禁止携带饮食7. 请循环使用8. 请勿吸烟，谢谢合作9. 严禁吸烟，严禁明火10. 无烟场所11. 吸烟区12. 温馨提示1. 电梯故障，停止运行Elevator Out Order2. 非饮用水Non-Potable Water3. 公共洗手间Public Restroom4. 贵重物品随身携带Take All Valuables With You5. 节约用电Conserve Electricity6. 禁止携带饮食No Food, No Drink Allowed7. 请循环使用Please Recycle8. 请勿吸烟，谢谢合作Thank You For Honoring Our No Smoking Policy9. 严禁吸烟，严禁明火No Smoking, No Open Flames10. 无烟场所This Is A Smoking-Free Facility11. 吸烟区Smoking Permitted In This Area12.禁止拍照录象No Photos Or Video Allowed温馨提示Friendly ReminderAPPENDIX II．八荣八耻1．以热爱祖国为荣，以危害祖国为耻2．以服务人民为荣，以背离人民为耻3．以崇尚科学为荣，以愚昧无知为耻4．以辛勤劳动为荣，以好逸恶劳为耻5．以团结互助为荣，以损人利己为耻6．以诚实守信为荣，以见利忘义为耻7．以遵纪守法为荣，以违法乱纪为耻8．以艰苦奋斗为荣，以骄奢淫逸为耻1. Love the motherland, do her no harm.2. Serve the people, never betray them.3. Follow the science, discard fatuity.4. Be diligent, no indolent5. Be united and help each other, make no gains at other’s expense.6. Be honest and trustworthy, do not spend ethics for profits.7. Be disciplined and law-abiding, not chaotic and lawless.8. Live plainly and work hard, do not wallow in luxuries and pleasure.4. 长句的译法1) …if amount involved is huge, or if there are other serious circumstances, he shall be sentenced to fixed-term imprisonment of not less than five years but not more than ten years and shall also be fined not less than 5 percent but not more than 30 percent of the amount of foreign exchange fraudulently(具有欺诈性地)purchased.……数额巨大或有其他严重情节的，处5年以上10年以下有期徒刑，并处骗购外汇5%以上30%以下罚金。