英语直接引语和间接引语

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(完整版)英语语法----直接引语和间接引语

(完整版)英语语法----直接引语和间接引语

英语语法----直接引语和间接引语一、 定义:1、 直接引语:使用引号引出别人的原话。

2、间接引语:用自己的话把别人的话转述出来。

二、 直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语变间接引语时,要注意人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化。

1、 人称变化口诀如下:一随主,二随宾,第三人称不更新。

“一随主”即把直接引语中的第一人称(如:I ,me ,my ,mine ,we ,us ,our ,ours)变为与主句的主语相一致的人称。

“二随宾”即把直接引语中的第二人称(you ,your ,yours)变为和主句的间接宾语(即听话人,如无听话人,可根据上下文的体会人为确定一个人称)相一致的人称。

“第三人称不更新”即直接引语中的第三人称(he ,him ,his ,she ,her ,hers,it ,its,they,their ,theirs ,them)变为间接引语时,人称不变。

一随主:He said , “I like it very much.” 他说:“我非常喜欢它”。

→liked it very much. 他说他非常喜欢它。

(I 改为he, it 不变)二随宾:He said, “You told me this story.”他说:“你给我讲过这个故事。

”→He said that I had told him that story.他说我给他讲过那个故事。

(本句中宾语是me ,所以You 改为I , me 改为him, told 改为had told)She said to Mary ,”How do you ?”go to work everyday?” →She asked Mary how she went to work everyday. 第三人称不更新:He said to me, “She’s left her book in your room ”.他对我说:“她把书放在你的房间里去了。

英语直接引语和间接引语

英语直接引语和间接引语

主 句主的人称保 Tennis.”
she liked tennis.
持一致
二 随 宾
引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致
He said toLily, “ you must get up early.”
He told Lily that she must get up early.
The children didn't know who he was. 三如果宾语从句所表示的是客观事实普遍真理自 然现象或习惯性动作等,不管主句用什么时态, 从句时态都用一般现在时。如:
The teacher said that the earth goes round the sun.老师说地球绕着太阳转。
D. if he heard…the week ago
Sandy said to her friends that I don’t like
computers. said
she
didn’t
Sandy said to her friends that she didn’t like computers.
一.“I never eat meat.” he said.
Indirect Speech间接引语
She said she liked singing. She said she was waiting for a bus. She said she had visited Europe the year before.
直接引语是陈述句,变为间接引语时用
that引导宾语从句.用sayto me,tell,
第三 人称 不变
引号内的第三人 She said to

英语中的直接引语和间接引语

英语中的直接引语和间接引语

英语中的直接引语和间接引语一、直接引语和间接引语的概念1. 直接引语- 直接引语就是直接引用别人的原话,被引用的部分通常放在引号内。

例如:He said, "I am going to the park." 在这个句子中,“I am going to the park.”就是直接引语,它原封不动地呈现了说话者所说的内容。

2. 间接引语- 间接引语是用自己的话转述别人的话,不用引号。

例如:He said that he was going to the park. 这里“he was going to the park”就是间接引语,它是对原句“He said, 'I am going to the park.'”的转述。

二、直接引语变间接引语的变化规则1. 人称的变化- 如果直接引语中的主语是第一人称(I或we),在变为间接引语时,要根据句子的意思相应地变为第三人称(he/she或they)。

- 例如:- 直接引语:I said, "I like this book."- 间接引语:I said that I liked this book.(这里因为主语都是I,人称不变,但如果是He said, "I like this book." 变为间接引语就是He said that he liked this book.)- 如果直接引语中的第二人称(you),在变为间接引语时,要根据转述者和听话者的关系变为第一人称(I/we)或第三人称(he/she/they)。

- 例如:- 直接引语:He said to me, "You are a good student."- 间接引语:He told me that I was a good student.- 直接引语:He said to her, "You should study hard."- 间接引语:He told her that she should study hard.2. 时态的变化- 一般现在时变为一般过去时。

高中英语-直接引语和间接引语

高中英语-直接引语和间接引语

一、直接引语直接引用别人的原话叫做直接引语,直接引语通常置于引号内(“引用原话”)。

—“What is it all about?”—“究竟是什么事呢?”—“Nothing serious, just a storm in a teacup.”—“没有什么,大惊小怪而已。

”二、间接引语用自己的话转述别人的意思,或引用自己说过的话,都叫做间接引语。

间接引语多数用宾语从句来表达。

Mary said that she received a sugar report this morning.玛莉说她今天早上收到了一封情书。

He said that his hands were quite full at that moment.他说那时他忙得不可开交。

三、直接引语与间接引语的转换在将直接引语转换为间接引语时,不仅句式上要有变化,而且要在时态、人称、时间、地点等方面作相应的变化。

1、引语转换时的句式变化不同的直接引语句式,如:陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句,转换成间接引语时要遵循一定的句式转换规则,还要注意根据句意,使用适当的引述动词。

(1)陈述句的间接引语将陈述句转换为间接引语,通常用that引导的宾语从句来表达。

连词that 在不引起歧义的情况下可以省略。

引述分句的动词常见的有say 和tell等。

He said, “I caught a cold yesterday.”他说:“我昨天感冒了。

”He said (that) he had caught a cold the day before.他说他前天感冒了。

Helen said to me, “I’m tired of taking such exams.”海伦说:“我讨厌参加这种考试。

”Helen told me (that) she was tired of taking such exams.海伦说她讨厌参加这种考试。

在下列情况下,往往要保留that。

什么是直接引语和间接引语

什么是直接引语和间接引语

什么是直接引语和间接引语?直接引语(Direct Speech)和间接引语(Indirect Speech)是英语中用来引述他人的话语的两种方式。

它们有不同的语法结构和用法。

下面是关于直接引语和间接引语的详细解释和使用指导:1. 直接引语:直接引语是将别人的话语直接引用,使用引号将其括起来。

直接引语保留了原始说话者的原话,包括时态、人称和语气。

例如,直接引语可以是:"I love watching movies," she said ("我喜欢看电影,"她说)。

2. 间接引语:间接引语是将别人的话语转述成自己的话,不使用引号。

间接引语通常以动词引导,如say、tell、ask等,并引入一个从句来表示所引述的内容。

间接引语通常改变了时态、人称和语气。

例如,间接引语可以是:She said that she loved watching movies(她说她喜欢看电影)。

3. 直接引语和间接引语的转换:在将直接引语转换为间接引语时,需要注意以下几个方面:-时态的变化:一般情况下,时态会发生变化,根据具体情况进行调整。

例如,一般现在时变为一般过去时,现在进行时变为过去进行时等。

-人称的变化:人称也会发生变化,根据具体情况进行调整。

例如,第一人称变为第三人称,第二人称根据情况变为第三人称或保持不变。

-代词的变化:代词也需要根据情况进行变化。

例如,第一人称的代词"I"变为第三人称的代词"he/she",第二人称的代词"you"根据情况变为第三人称的代词或保持不变。

-时间和地点的变化:时间和地点也可能发生变化,根据具体情况进行调整。

4. 引导词的变化:在间接引语中,引导词通常用来引导从句,并在引语中提供信息。

例如,"She said, 'I love watching movies'"("她说,'我喜欢看电影'")可以转换为"She said that she loved watching movies"(她说她喜欢看电影)。

语法要诀直接与间接引语的区别

语法要诀直接与间接引语的区别

语法要诀直接与间接引语的区别直接引语与间接引语是语法学中两个重要的概念,它们用于引述他人的话语或思想观点。

在日常英语交流和写作中,正确运用直接引语和间接引语能够让我们的表达更加准确、清晰。

接下来,本文将就直接引语和间接引语的区别进行论述。

一、直接引语直接引语是指将他人的原话直接用引号引述出来的句子或短语。

当我们在写作中要引用别人的具体语句时,就需要使用直接引语,并用引号将其括起来。

例如:1. 直接引语的一般形式:He said, "I am tired."直接引语是原话的直接表述,用引号将其括起来,引号内的句子保持原封不动,没有进行任何改动。

2. 直接引语的时态变化:He said, "I am teaching English."当直接引语所引述的内容发生在过去,但是引述时发生在现在,我们需要根据引述的时间点来调整直接引语中的时态。

这样可以保证引述的准确性。

二、间接引语间接引语是指用自己的语言来总结、概括别人的原话或思想观点。

在间接引语中,我们不再使用引号,而是将原话转述为宾语从句或者其他的间接引语结构。

例如:1. 间接引语的一般形式:He said that he was tired.与直接引语不同,间接引语是将原话转述为一个完整的句子,并且去掉了引号,使用了连接词“that”来引导宾语从句。

2. 间接引语的时态变化:He said that he was teaching English.当间接引语所转述的内容发生在过去,我们需要根据转述时的时间点来调整间接引语中的时态。

三、直接引语与间接引语的区别直接引语和间接引语在表达上有几个重要的区别:1. 标点符号的不同:直接引语使用引号来括起来,而间接引语没有引号。

2. 转述方式的不同:直接引语是将他人的原话直接引述出来,而间接引语是用自己的话对原话进行转述。

3. 时态和人称的调整:直接引语中的时态和人称保持原封不动,而间接引语中需要根据转述时的时间点和人称进行相应的调整。

什么是直接引语和间接引语

什么是直接引语和间接引语

什么是直接引语和间接引语?在英语中,引语是指直接引用他人的话或思想。

引语可以使用两种方式来表达:直接引语和间接引语。

直接引语是将他人的话或思想直接呈现在文章或语音中,使用引号将其括起来。

例如:- She said, "I will go to the store."- "I love this song," he exclaimed.直接引语的优点是可以直接传达原始信息,使读者更容易理解和记忆引用的内容。

然而,直接引语也有一些缺点。

首先,直接引语需要使用多个引号,当引用的内容较长时,这种方式可能会导致文章阅读起来比较困难。

其次,直接引语可能会破坏文章的流畅性,因为它们需要在文章中插入他人的语言。

为了避免这些问题,间接引语被广泛使用。

间接引语是将他人的话或思想转述为自己的话,不使用引号。

例如:- She said that she would go to the store.- He exclaimed that he loved the song.间接引语的一个优点是可以更好地融入文章中,使文章更流畅。

其次,间接引语可以表达出作者对引用内容的理解和解释,从而使文章更具表达力。

间接引语通常使用动词“say”、“tell”、“ask”等来引出引用内容,并在引用内容后使用连接词“that”。

如果引用的内容是疑问句,则使用连接词“whether”或“if”。

- She asked me, "Do you like pizza?" → She asked me if I liked pizza.- He said, "I will be late." → He said that he would be late.在使用间接引语时,需要注意时态和人称的变化。

如果引用内容是在过去发生的,那么主语和动词时态需要根据引用内容的时态进行变化。

英语直接引语和间接引语

英语直接引语和间接引语

直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and indirectSpeech) 1直接引语:直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。

间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。

间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。

直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。

例如:Mr Black said, “I'm busy”布莱克先生说:“我很忙”(直接引语)Mr Black said that he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。

(间接引语)1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。

在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时,要特别注意句子的意义。

1)人称的变化a) He said, “I like it very much.”他说:“我非常喜欢它。

”He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。

b) He saidto me, “I've left my book in your room.”他对我说:“我把书放在你的房间里了。

” He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。

2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。

如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化。

时态的变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时He said, “I'm afraid I can't finish this work.”He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish that work.现在进行时→过去进行时He said, “I'm using theknife.”He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时→过去完成时She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May.一般过去时→过去完成He said, “I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:变化例句直接引语间接引语this-that这个-那个She said, “Iwill come this morning."She said that she would go that morning. these-those这些=那些He said, "These books are mine."He said that those books were his.now-then现在-那时He said, "It is nine 0'clock now."He said that it was nine 0'clock then. today-that day今天-那天He said, "I haven't seen her today."He said that he hadn't seen her that day. yesterday-the day before昨天-前一天she said, "I went there yesterday."She said that she had gone there the day before.tomorrow-the next(following) day明天-第二天she said, "I'll go there tomorrow."She said that she would go there the next (following) day.here-there这里-那里come-go来-去注:(1)直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。

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直接引语和间接引语(Direct Speech and indirectSpeech) 1直接引语:直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。

间接引语:用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。

间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。

直接引语一般前后要加引号,间接引语不用引号。

例如:Mr Black said, “I'm busy” 布莱克先生说:“我很忙”(直接引语)Mr Black said that he was busy. 布莱克先生说他很忙。

(间接引语)1、直接引语如果是陈述句,变为间接引语时,用连词that引导(that在口语中常省略),从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应变化。

在这一方面,汉语和英语有许多相似之处,因此,在做直接引语和间接引语转换练习时,要特别注意句子的意义。

1)人称的变化a) He said, “I like it very much.”他说:“我非常喜欢它。

” He said that he liked it very much.他说他非常喜欢它。

b) He saidto me, “I've left my book in your room.” 他对我说:“我把书放在你的房间里了。

”He told me that he had left his book in my room.他告诉我他把书放在我的房间里了。

2)时态的变化如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时,直接引语变间接引语时,从句的谓语动词在时态方面要作相应的变化。

如主句的谓语动词是现在时,从句的时态则无需变化。

时态的变化例句直接引语间接引语一般现在时→一般过去时He said, “I'm afraid I can't finish this work.”He said that he was afraid he couldn't finish that work. 现在进行时→过去进行时He said, “I'm using theknife.”He said that he was using the knife.现在完成时→过去完成时She said, “I have not heard from him since May.”She said that she had not heard from him since May. 一般过去时→过去完成He said, “I came to help you.”He said that he had come to help me.过去完成时不变He said, “I had finished my homework before supper.”He said that he had finished his homework before supper.3)指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词的变化:变化例句直接引语间接引语this-that这个-那个She said, “Iwill come this morning."She said that she would go that morning. these-those这些=那些He said, "These books are mine."He said that those books were his.now-then现在-那时He said, "It is nine 0'clock now."He said that it was nine 0'clock then.today-that day今天-那天He said, "I haven't seen her today."He said that he hadn't seen her that day. yesterday-the day before昨天-前一天she said, "I went there yesterday."She said that she had gone there the day before. tomorrow-the next(following) day明天-第二天she said, "I'll go there tomorrow."She said that she would go there the next (following) day.here-there这里-那里come-go来-去注:(1)直接引语如果是客观真理,变为间接引语时,时态不变。

如:He said, "Light travels much faster than sound."He said that light travels much faster than sound.(2)如果在当地转述,here 不必改为there,动词come 不必改为go. 如果在当天转述yesterday, tomorrow 等时间状语也不必改变。

直接引语变间接引语。

见下表。

分类连接词例句注意事项补充说明当直接引语为“陈述句”时连接词:that(口语中常常省略)He says, “ I will go to the park tomorrow.”--He says (that) he will go to the park tomorrow.He said, “ I will go to the park tomorrow.”--He said (that) he would go to the park tomorrow.He said to me, “ you can help her.”--He said to me (that) I could help her.. 1. 连接词:that2. 人称:1主,2宾,3不变3. 时态。

1. 黑体部分是连接词。

斜体部分为间接引语部分。

2. 间接引语部分均为陈述语序。

3. 间接引语部分实际上是宾语从句,连接词之间的叫主句。

4. 当主句是一般现在时态,间接引语部分与直接引语的时态相同。

5. 当主句是一般过去时态,间接引语部分变为相应的过去时态。

当直接引语是“一般疑问句”时。

连接词:if或者whether.可译为:是否He asked me, “Are you good at math?’---He asked me if I was good at math.He asked Amy, “ Do you love me?”---He asked Amy whether she loved him.He asks me, “Is she reading?”---He asks me if she is reading. 1. 连接词:if , whether 2. 语序:改为“陈述语序”。

(去掉:Do, Does, Did改变Are, Is, Will, Can…位置)3. 人称:1主,2宾,3不变4. 时态。

当直接引语为“特殊疑问句”时。

连接词:直接引语中的特殊疑问词。

He asked his wife, “How are you?”---He asked his wife how she was.He asked me , “ What color do you like?”---He asked me what color I liked.He asks me, “ where will she go 3 days later.”---He asks me where she will go 3 days later. 1. 连接词:特殊疑问词2. 语序:改为“陈述语序”。

(去掉:Do, Does, Did改变Are, Is, Will, Can…位置)3. 人称:1主,2宾,3不变4. 时态。

当直接引语为“祈使句”时没有连接词。

用: ask(tell) sb. to do sth改写。

或tell (ask) sb. not to do sth. 改写 He said to Amy, “Be careful!”--He asked Amy to be careful.He shouted, “ Lily, Close the door.”--He told Lily to close the door.He said to me, “Don’t be late.”--He asked me not to be late. 1. 不用连接词2. 不改变时态。

3. 无须考虑语序4. 人称:1主,2宾,3不变 1. 斜体部分为间接引语部分。

2.间接引语部分是动词不定式,在句中作宾语补足语。

重点概括:直接引语变间接引语有着时态,人称,时间状语,地点状语的变化。

1.时态变化:直接引语:一般现在时间接引语:一般过去时直接引语:现在进行时间接引语:过去进行时直接引语:一般将来时间接引语:过去将来时直接引语:现在完成时间接引语:过去完成时直接引语:一般过去时间接引语:过去完成时2.人称变化:She asked Jack,"Where have you been?"She asked Jack where he had been.3.指示代词的变化:thisthat;thesethoseHe said," These books are mine."He said that those books were his.4.时间状语的变化:nowthen;todaythat day;yesterdaythe day before;tomorrowthe next day/the following dayMy father said,“I worked here twenty years ago."My father said that he had worked there twenty years before.5.地点状语的变化:herethereHe asked me,“How can I get here?"He asked me how he could get there.直接引语变间接引语的句式变化:1.陈述句:间接引语用that连接或that连接词省略。

2.一般疑问句:间接引语用if或whether, said改为asked,句子用陈述语序。

3.特殊疑问句:间接引语用原来的特殊疑问词引导,句子用陈述句语序。

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