八年级下册第五单元测试题参考答案
2020—2021学年部编版语文八年级下册第五单元测试题
人教版八年级下册语文第五单元章节练习（附答案）一、选择题1.下列加线字的注音,不完全正确的一项是（）A．棱角(líng)黧黑(lí) 冻疮(chuāng)B．虔诚(qián)蠕动(rú)腈纶(jīnɡ)C．骤然(zhòu) 漫溢(yì) 懈怠(dài)D．敦实(dūn) 蜿蜒(yán) 演绎(yì)2.下列句子中，标点符号运用正确的一项是()A．阳光使这位身披白色披风的巨人变化多端：融雪处裸露出大山黧黑的骨骼，有如刀削一般，棱角与层次毕现，富有雕塑感。
B．头痛、恶心、双脚绵软、呼吸困难——典型的缺氧反应，外加新伤剧痛。
C．冰体一点一点地改变了形态，变成自然力所能刻画成的最漂亮的这番模样。
挺拔的，敦实的，奇形怪状的，蜿蜒而立的。
D．那些冰塔、冰柱、冰洞、冰廊、冰壁上徐徐垂挂冰的流苏、像长发披肩。
3.下面这段文字中，画横线处填入的句子，与原文衔接紧密的一项是( )大激店村位于古城保定偏西南二十五公里处，________。
沿途三里一墩五里一铺，又是当时通讯要镇、保定府西第一驿站。
________，在靠河湾北岸，形成了一个四面环水、风景秀丽的自然村庄。
________。
________。
后人因妲己二字不吉利(败坏朝纲)，而改名大激店。
烽火台、狐狸窝、瓦渣地等旧遗址，也早都不存在了。
①相传商纣王选妃，选中蓟州侯苏获之女妲己②发源于西部山区的百草沟河流经此地③在护送妲己去朝歌途中曾在此地驿宿一夜，故而得名妲己店④古有南通九省，北贯京都的交通大道穿境而过A．②①④③B．④②①③C．②④①③D．②③④①4.下面语句中，依次填入的词语最恰当的一项是（）兰州人对黄河奇石的喜爱体现了崇尚自然的审美观念。
中国古人认为，奇石是天人合一的产物，它、，妙在。
A．千姿百态浑然天成栩栩如生B．栩栩如生千姿百态浑然天成C．栩栩如生浑然天成千姿百态D．千姿百态栩栩如生浑然天成二、语言表达5.请根据语境，再仿写一句话。
人教版八年级英语下册unit5--6单元测试题(有答案)
人教版八年级英语下册unit5单元测试题一．翻译下列短语。
1..确信;确认_______________2.拍打… …_______________3.进人梦乡；睡着_______________4.逐渐变弱；逐渐消失_______________5.一团糟_______________6.使……分离_______________7.在困难的时候_______________ 8. (闹钟)发出响声_______________9.洗热水澡_______________ 10.错过公交车_______________11.接电话_______________ 12.使……靠拢_______________13.在这个地区_______________ 14.错过这个事件_______________15.动物保护热线_______________ 16.走路经过_______________17.在某人去……的路上_______________18.历史上的重大事件_______________19.例如_______________ 20.被杀害_______________21.50多(岁）_______________ 22.通过广播_______________23.沉默;无声_______________ 24.世贸中心______________25.拆除;摧毁_______________ 26.对……有意义_______________二.用所给动词的正确形式填空。
1. —What_____ you_____(do) when he arrived?—I ___________(watch) TV at that time.2. When I___________ (walk) in the street, I__________ (meet) my best friend Jim.3. Mom_________ (buy) my father a nice coat and a pair of trousers last Sunday.4. While my parents were doing some cleaning, my sister_________ (shout) to me loudly.5. When he saw the thief steeling things in the office, he closed the door and________(call)thepolice.6. I first met my girl friend two years ago, she__________ (work) in the supermarket.7. Thank you for_________ (teach) us so well, my dear teacher.8. What________ your parents_________ (do) at nine o’clock last nig ht?9. Betty _____________(watch) TV last night.10.The Shuttles usually _____________ (have) supper at 6:30 .11.The boys _____________ (play) football on the playground now.12.Lucy _____________ (leave) the classroom half an hour ago.13.It _____________ (snow) heavily when they left the station.14._____________ she _____________ (fall) off the tree just now?15.It _____________ (rain) almost every day last month.16.---Where _____________ you _____________ (catch) the fish?---I _____________ (catch) it in the river near the house.17.She _____________ (write) a letter to her friend last night. But I don't know whether she hasfinished it or not.18.To tell the __________(true), I don’t think you are right.19.They finished their work in _________ (silent).20.I have problems ___________(do) my homework..三．用when 和while 来填空。
人教版八年级英语下册第五单元测试及答案
人教版八年级英语下册第五单元测试限时：60分钟满分：100分一、单项选择(每小题1分，共15分)1. I heard a(n)________ noise just now. It made me scared.A. beautifulB. typicalC. strangeD. interesting2. The pupil was so tired that he________ at his desk.A. fell asleepB. woke upC. got upD. went to bed3. At times, we need to stay________ and think about something carefully.A. in factB. in dangerC. in commonD. in silence4. I didn't understand what my teacher said________, but later I got it.A. at lastB. at firstC. at leastD. in fact5. When his name was called, I saw him________ from his seat.A. roseB. raiseC. raisedD. rise6. This afternoon, on the way home he found some money on the ground and________.A. pick them upB. picked up itC. picked it upD. picked up them7. I got up late on Friday morning because the alarm didn't________.A. put offB. take offC. turn offD. go off8. One of the opinions________ smoking is that it is harmful to people's health.A. forB. againstC. atD. in9. Lucy has made great progress in Chinese________.A. recentlyB. hardlyC. probablyD. nearly10. We should________ how important health is to us before it's too late.A. supposeB. expectC. realizeD. cause11. His job is to________ that drivers obey(服从) the traffic rules.A. make plansB. find outC. think ofD. make sure12. Pass me the glasses, Tony. I can________ watch TV clearly.A. hardlyB. reallyC. ratherD. clearly13. We soon________ the mountains.A. made our ways toB. made way toC. made us way toD. made our way to14. —Could you tell me where you found Miss Gao just now?—Certainly. In the principal's office. They________ happily at that time.A. are talkingB. have talkedC. were talkingD. talked15. —I called you at 5：00 yesterday afternoon, but no one answered.—Sorry. I ________ football with my friends at that time.A. playB. playedC. will playD. was playing二、完形填空(每小题1.5分，共15分)It was a Friday evening. I was waiting at the bus stop after school when a car stopped and the driver opened the door. It was my ________16.“Quick, get in！” he told me. I was very ________17, but I did as he said.At first, I was worried that something ________18happened.Then, I noticed my mother. She was also ________19the car and on the back seat. There were some bags of clothes and ________20food. My father was driving the car, but he was not driving ________21.He was driving out of the town. “Where are we going？” I asked.It was a warm evening and lots of people were walking along the road. It was the ________22day of the term. Did my parents have a big surprise for me? We were going somewhere special—________23where? The next thing I can remember is falling ________24. When I woke up, I saw the sea. We were at the beach. My father was smiling. “Here we are, ” he said. “The summer holiday ________25 now！”16. A. father B. mother C. brother D. sister17. A. sad B. surprised C. Excited D. glad18. A. good B. important C. interesting D. bad19. A. in B. on C. by D. at20. A. many B. no C. some D. few21. A. abroad B. home C. there D. here22. A. first B. one C. worst D. last23. A. or B. for C. but D. and24. A. asleep B. ill C. silent D. quiet25. A. started B. starts C. ended D. ends三、阅读理解(每小题2分，共10分)Mahalya is a student in Grade 8 at Lamberton Middle School in Pennsylvania, US. Every afternoon at 2 o'clock, she runs to a store at her school. She is not running to buy snacks. Instead, she works as the storekeeper and helps count change (零钱) for customers.“I didn't know that it took so much work. I didn't do anything like this, ” Mahalya told The Seaeinel, a local newspaper.In fact, she and another 11 students work as the storekeepers at Bison Bargains, the school's first student－run store. It started on February 22, and it opens each school day during break time from 2 to 2：30 p. m. It mainly sells stationery and snacks.Through this, students see what a business is like. Christian, a 14－year－old student, was really surprised by how hard it was to avoid making mistakes and do the transactions (交易). “It's a kind of challenge to learn all the information on the stock (供应物) lists and remember all the prices of the products, ” Christian told the newspaper.To help them learn about business, they took a class. The class taught students how to usemoney and some simple business rules.The school did a survey on what products students would buy from a school store. In the future, they plan to sell things made by the students themselves. For example, students can sell their homemade pencil boxes and phone cases.26. Mahalya runs to a store in her school to________ .A. buy some snacksB. learn about customersC. work as the storekeeperD. learn about the information27. What does the underlined word “stationery” mean in Chinese?A. 文具B. 餐具C. 道具D. 家具28. How long does Bison Bargains open each school day during break time?A. 60 minutes.B. 50 minutes.C. 40 minutes.D. 30 minutes.29. The purpose of having a student－run store is to________.A. teach students to learn from mistakesB. help students see what a business is likeC. sell more stationery and snacks to studentsD. start a class on how to use money in the store30. What is this passage mainly about?A. The school's new program, a student－run store.B. The results of a survey on the student－run store.C. The reasons of opening a student－run store.D. The rule of the studentrun store.四、任务型阅读(每小题2分，共10分)It was raining heavily while I was walking up the hill towards the station at six o'clock on Saturday morning. At this early hour there wasn't much traffic and there weren't many people. While I was crossing the road near the top of the hill, a car came round the corner.①It was traveling very fast. Suddenly it hit a lamp post(柱) and turned over.I ran to the car________(help) the driver at once. He was badly hurt and there was lots of blood on his face. A young woman hurried into the station and phoned for an ambulance(救护车) when I took care of②the driver. Some people came to see what happened, and there was nothing we could do. A policeman arrived a few minutes later and asked me lots of questions about the accident. Then the ambulance arrived and took the driver to the hospital.On Monday morning I went to the hospital to see the man. The doctor told me that he was much better and that he would leave hospital after a few days' rest.任务一：根据短文内容，回答问题。
部编八年级下册语文第五单元测试卷(含答案)
部编八年级下册语文第五单元测试卷（含答案）一.积累与运用（共18分）1．下列词语中加点字的注音完全正确的一项是（2分）（）A．霎．时（shà）驰骋．（chéng）告诫．（jiè）推推搡搡．（sǎng）B．砾．石（Iè）虔．诚（qián）咒．骂（zhòu）大煞．风景（shā）C．演绎．（yì）骤．然（zhòu）裸露．（lòu）轻歌曼．舞（màn）D．焦炙．（zhì）翌．日（yì）徘徊．（huái）纷至沓．来（tà）2．下列词语中没有错别字的一项是（2分）（）A．迁回急湍恕不可遏气喘吁吁B．静穆漫延气势磅礴震耳欲聋C．驻留沟壑轻歌曼舞秋高气爽D．闸口硕大目眩神迷五彩班澜3．下列句子中加点词语使用有误的一项是（2分）（）A．此刻倒霉迹象接踵而至．．．．，频频小震酝酿着某一两次大地震。
B．老一辈科学家苦心孤诣获得的科研成果，足以作为我们的前车之鉴．．．．。
C．这一彩幻只是稍作驻留，顷刻间便飘忽不定，相互交融，暗淡隐去，可又骤然返光灼灼，瞬息万变．．．．，真是无穷变幻，纷至沓来。
D．阅读是源头活水，课堂是半亩方塘，只有把活水引入方塘，语文教学才能清澈如许，这是不言而喻．．．．的。
4．依次填入横线上的词语最恰当的一项是（2分）（）是琼瑶仙境，的晶莹和洁白。
的阳光和风的刻刀，千万年来地切割着，雕凿着，缓慢而从不。
A．萧穆永恒漫不经心懈怠B．静穆永恒漫不经心懈怠C．肃穆永远随心所欲停歇D．静穆永远随心所欲停歇5．下列句子没有语病的一项是（3分）（）A．我愿意云南地区的旱灾早日结束，老百姓能顺利播种插秧。
B．在学校师资不足的情况下，他主动挑起了为请假的老师代课的任务，获得了大家的一致好评。
C．2017年云南破获近十年来最大利用网络进行野生动物非法贸易案。
D．由于青少年心智尚未成熟，好奇心又强，对事物缺乏分辨力，容易被大众媒介中的不良信息诱导，从而产生思想上、行为上的偏差。
2020-2021学年 人教版八年级英语下册 Unit 5 单元测试(含答案)
人教版八年级英语下册Unit5 单元测试姓名：__________ 班级：__________ 学号：__________一、单选题（共10题；共20分）1.We were reading the newspaper _______ suddenly the light went out (熄灭).A.whenB.whileC.asD./2.What _________ when the earthquake happened on May 12th?A.are you doingB.were you doingC.do you doD.did you do3.Do you remember ________ when the car accident happened?A.what you were doingB.what were you doingC.what you didD.what did you do4.Jane was not at home at that time and her parents weren't ．A.tooB.eitherC.alsoD.neither5.It's very cold in Harbin．Snowing in October is nothing there．A.strangeefulC.traditionalD.natural6.一Who the singing competition?一I heard Joe Jill in the competition．A.won；wonB.beat；wonC.won；beatD.beat；beat7.—Why did they the houses?—Because they will build a park there．A.take downB.write downC.cut downD.turn down8.一I heard Frank would join the music club．一He's not interested in music at all．A.Why not?B.No problem．C.You’re kidding!D.It\s up to you．9.—When did the classroom have a power cut?—This morning, while we ________ a physics lesson.A.have hadB.were havingC.are havingD.will have10.—David, I'm going to drive all the way to Tibet from Wuhan by myself.—What? ________！A.No problemB.Good ideaC.Have a good timeD.You're kidding二、完形填空（共10分）On a cold January day, Jimmy and his father were skating on a lake.Suddenly the ice near Jimmy1 ,and he felt into the cold water.Jimmy's father jumped into the water, but he couldn't find Jimmy.Severalminutes passed.The father 2 couldn't‘find Jimmy.Some firemen(消防队员)arrived.Twenty minutes later they found Jimmy and got 3 out of the water.Jimmy was not breathing, and his heart was not beating.The situation seemed 4 .However, the firemen didn’t give up and still did CPR(心肺复苏) on Jimmy.Luckily, Jimmy began to breathe，and his heart began to beat.He was taken to the hospital at once.After six weeks in the hospital Jimmy got 5 .He began to walk.talk and play again.Jimmy was in the water 6 more than 20 minutes.He couldn't breathe in the water. 7 today he is alive(活着)and healthy.How is that possible? That's because the water was ice.cold.When it's really cold, the brain(大脑)slows down.It does not 8 much oxygen(氧气).Jimmy's father believes there is another 9 .He says，“Jimmy is alive today because he is a10 little boy.”1. A. 10st B. broke C. left D. grew2. A. still B. even C. almost D. never3. A. he B. him C. they D. them4. A. true B. free C. hopeless D. meaningless5. A. older B. younger C. better D. worse6. A. of B. for C. like D. with7. A. If B. So C. But D. Unless8. A. need B. bring C. feel D. share9. A. example B. symbol C. reason D. prediction10. A. serious B. quiet C. careful D. strong三、阅读理解（共2题；共30分）AOnce there lived an old man in a town. He always forgot a lot of things. So his wife always had to say to him, “Don't forget this.” One day he went for a long trip by train alone. Before he left home, his wife said, “Now you have all these things that you need on your way. Take care of your things on the way.” He went to the station. He bought a ticket and got on the train with it. About an hour later, the conductor (列车员) began to see the tickets. He came to the old man and said，“Will you please show me your ticket?” The old man looked for his ticket in all his pockets but he could not find it. He was very worried. “I can't find my ticket. I really bought a ticket before I got on the train, ”said the old man. “I think you are right. I believe you bought a ticket. All right, you don't haveto buy another ticket,” said the conductor kindly. But the old man still looked worried and said sadly, You don't know why I'm worried. If I don't find my ticket, I can't remember my station. Where am I going?”根据短文内容判断正误。
人教版八年级英语下册Unit 5 单元测试题含答案
八年级英语下册Unit 5 单元测试题(45分钟100分)第Ⅰ卷(共40分)Ⅰ. 听力(10分)（略）Ⅰ. 单项选择(10分)( )1. This morning I had hardly got to my school when it ________ to rain.A．had begun B．was beginningC．began D．begins( )2. He ________ when the UFO arrived. He didn't wake until the UFO disappeared.A．slept B．was sleepingC．was doing homew ork D．was singing( )3. —Where were you at 7：00 last night?—I ________ to my mom at home.A．write B．was writingC．wrote D．am writing( )4. —Did you see Mr Black just now?—Yes. He ________ his car when I met him.A．parked B．was parkingC．parks D．will park( )5. Eddie was sleeping ________ Millie was reading a magazine.A．until B．whileC．before D．after( )6. —Could you tell me what he said just now?—Sorry, I what was happening outside.A. had thoughtB. was thinkingC. thoughtD. think( )7. —I was at the cinema at nine yesterday evening. What about you?—I books.A. am readingB. was readingC. will readD. had read( )8. —What were you doing it was raining?—I was reading a book.A. beforeB. ifC. whileD. after( )9. Paul walked into the bedroom because his wife and baby were sleeping.A. silentB. silenceC. in silenceD. loudly( )10. During the past two years, several earthquakes in different places of the world.A. happenB. happenedC. take placeD. took placeⅠ. 完形填空(10分)Evening came. It was time for Mr. Bell to close his shop. He was checking his money. His son Tom, who was 15, had just gone outside to buy a piece of newspaper. Just then, a big man walked1the shop. He had a gun(枪)in his hand.When Tom came back, he could hear the man asking his father for2. Tom could see the gun in the man’s hand, but the man didn’t3or hear Tom.Tom hurried up to the street. He looked for the police, 4he didn’t find anyone. Then Tom saw an old baseball bat(棒球球棒)5in the street. “Maybe this will help, ”he thought. He ran6with it.His father was just giving some of the money to the man. The man was watching Tom’s father. Tom knew he could not 7long. “Now is the time. I must do it now. ”Tom went up to the man and knocked him down8the bat.Tom and his father then ran outside. This time they found the9and told them what had happened. The police10 went to the shop and caught the man.( )1. A. out of B. around C. into D. down( )2. A. paper B. water C. money D. food( )3. A. know B. catch C. meet D. see( )4. A. but B. so C. for D. or( )5. A. lies B. to lie C. lying D. is lying( )6. A. back B. over C. away D. past( )7. A. hold B. wait C. rest D. watch( )8. A. by B. from C. without D. with( )9. A. neighbors B. police C. friend D. children( )10. A. quick B. slow C. quickly D. slowlyⅠ. 阅读理解(10分)It wa raining heavily as I was walking up the hill towards the station at six o’clock on a Saturday morning. At this early hour there wasn’t much traffic and there weren’t many people. Just as I was crossing the road near the top of the hill, a car came around the corner. It was traveling very fast. Suddenly it hit a lamp post(路灯柱)and turned over.I ran to the car to help the driver at once. He was badly hurt and there was a lot of blood on his face. A young woman hurried into the station and phoned for an ambulance(救护车)while I took care of the driver. Many people came to see what happened. A policeman arrived a few minutes later and asked me a lot of questions about the accident. After a while the ambulance arrived and the driver was sent to the hospital.On Monday morning I went to the hospital to see the man. The doctor told me that he was much better, and he would leave the hospital after a few days’rest.( )1. Where did the accident happen?A. Near the school.B. Near the top of the hill.C. In the school.D. Near the hospital.( )2. What happened to the driver?A. He drove the car very well.B. His car hit a lamp post.C. His car turned over.D. Both B and C.( )3. Who hurried into the station and phoned for an ambulance?A. The writer.B. A policeman.C. Some people.D. A young woman.( )4. What did the policeman do?A. He took the driver away.B. He sent the driver to the hospital.C. He asked the writer a lot of questions.D. He phoned for an ambulance.( )5. Was the driver dead at last?A. Yes, he wasn’t.B. No, he was.C. Yes, he was.D. No, he wasn’t.Ⅴ.补全对话(10分)A. What were you doing at that time?B. When did you come to my classroom?C. Did you have a good time there?D. We were in the park at that time.E. She was singing and dancing with some girls.Where were you?B: 1A: At around three o’clock.B: Oh. 2We didn’t have any classes yesterday afternoon, so we went to the park to relax ourselves.A: 3B: Well, I was playing tennis with Jack.A: What was Mary doing?B: 4A: What about Linda?B: She was reading an interesting book. She likes reading, you know.A: Yes. 5B: Yes, we enjoyed ourselves very much.第Ⅰ卷(共60分)Ⅵ. 词汇运用(10分)(Ⅰ)根据句意及首字母或汉语提示完成单词。
(必考题)初中数学八年级数学下册第五单元《分式与分式方程》测试卷(包含答案解析)(3)
一、选择题1．已知113x y -=，则代数式21422x xy yx xy y----的值（ ）A ．4B ．9C ．－4D ．－82．若关于x 的方程 2033x a x x ++=++有增根，则 a 的值为（ ） A ．1B ．3C ．4D ．53．分式293x x --等于0的条件是（ ）A ．3x =B ．3x =-C ．3x =±D ．以上均不对4．若整数a 使得关于x 的不等式组3(1)32(1)x ax x >⎧⎨-+>+⎩的解集为2x >，且关于x 的分式方程21111ax x x+=---的解为整数，则符合条件的所有整数a 的和是（ ） A ．2- B ．1- C ．1 D ．2 5．下列变形不正确．．．的是（ ） A ．1a ba b a b -=-- B ．1a ba b a b+=++ C ．221a b a b a b+=++ D ．221-=-+a b a b a b6．已知x 为整数，且分式2221x x --的值为整数，满足条件的整数x 可能是（ ） A ．0、1、2B ．﹣1、﹣2、﹣3C ．0、﹣2、﹣3D ．0、﹣1、﹣27．将分式2+x x y中的x ，y 的做同时扩大到原来的3倍，则分式的值（ ）A ．扩大到原来的3倍B ．缩小到原来的13C ．保持不变D ．无法确定8．下列变形不正确的是（ ） A ．1122x xx x+-=--- B ．b a a bc c--+=- C ．a b a bm m-+-=- D ．22112323x x x x--=--- 9．若分式12x -有意义，则x 的取值范围是（ ） A ．0x ≠B ．2x ≠-C ．2x ≠D ．x 取任意实数10．小红和小丽分别将9000字和7500字的两篇文稿录入计算机，…，求两人每分钟各录入多少字？设小红每分钟录入x 个字，则可得方程90007500220x x=-，根据此情景，题中用“…”表示的缺失的条件应为（ ） A ．两人每分钟录入字数的和是220字B ．所用时间相同，两人每分钟录入字数的和是220字C ．所用时间相同，小红每分钟录入字数比小丽多220字D ．所用时间相同，小丽每分钟录人字数比小红多200字 11．如果a ，b ，c 是正数，且满足1a b c ++=，1115a b b c a c++=+++，那么a ba b b a cc c +++++的值为（ ） A ．1- B ．1C ．2D ．1212．某生产小组计划生产3000个口罩，由于采用新技术，实际每小时生产口罩的数量是原计划的2倍，因此提前5小时完成任务，设原计划每小时生产口罩x 个，根据题意，所列方程正确的是（ ） A ．3000300052x x -=+ B ．3000300052x x -= C ．3000300052x x -=+ D ．3000300052x x-= 二、填空题13．先化简再求值：214111x x x -⎛⎫-÷ ⎪--⎝⎭，其中2x =． 14．对于实数a 、b ，定义一种新运算“⊗”为：21a b a b⊗=-，这里等式右边是实数运算．例如：21113138⊗==--，则方程2(2)14x x ⊗-=--的解是__________． 15．一艘轮船在静水中的速度为a 千米/时，若A 、B 两个港口之间的距离为50千米，水流的速度为b 千米/时，轮船往返两个港口之间一次需____________小时． 16．若分式11x -值为整数，则满足条件的整数x 的值为_____． 17．我们知道，假分数可以化为整数与真分数的和的形式，例如：31122=+，在分式中，对于只含有一个字母的分式，当分子的次数大于或等于分母的次数时，我们称之为“假分式”；如果假分式2412+++x x x 的值为整数，则x 的负整数值为______．18．氢原子的半径约为0.00000000005m ，用科学记数法表示为______ m ． 19．若关于x 的方程12x -+3＝12ax x --有增根，则a ＝_____． 20．已知114y x-=，则分式2322x xy yx xy y +---的值为______．三、解答题21．某工程限期完成，甲队单独做正好按期完成，乙队单独做则要误期3天．现两队合作2天后，余下的工程再由乙队单独做，也正好如期完成，该工程限期多少天？22．先化简，再求值：222422244x x xxx x x--⎛⎫-+÷⎪+++⎝⎭，其中22x=-．23．在函数学习中，我们经历了“确定函数表达式——画函数图象——利用函数图象研究函数性质——利用图象解决问题”的学习过程，以下是我们研究函数51()32127()2ax xybx xx⎧+<⎪⎪=⎨⎪--+≥⎪⎩的性质及其用的部分过程，请你按要求完成下列问题：（1）列表：函数自变量x的取值范围是全体实数，下表列出了变量x与y的几组对应数值：x…52--1122314325234...y (012)8331762651332-…____________（2）描点、连线：在平面直角坐标系中，画出该函数的图象，并写出该函数的一条性质：__________________（3）已知函数12733y x=-+，并结合两函数图象，直接写出当y1>y时，x的取值范围____________________24．阅读下列材料：我们在使用完全平方公式222()2a b a ab b ±=±+时，可以把这个公式分成三部分：a b ±称为加减项；②22a b +称为平方项；③ab 称为乘积项在以上三部分中，已知任意两部分都可以求得第三部分． 例：若225,21a b a b +=+=，求ab 的值． 解：由5a b +=可得22()5a b +=22225a b ab ++=把2221a b +=代入上式得21225ab += 2ab =请结合以上方法解决下列问题：（1）若2238,13a b ab +==，求+a b 的值；（2）若2410a a -+=，求221a a +的值． 25．计算：()22163x y x⋅． 26．今年新冠疫情期间，某公司计划将1200 套新型防护服进行加工，分给甲乙两个工厂，甲工厂单独完成任务，比乙工厂单独完成任务多用10天，乙工厂每天加工数量是甲的1.5倍．（1）求甲乙两个工厂每天分别能加工多少套？（2）如果甲工厂每天费用200元，乙工厂每天费用350元，从经济角度考虑，选用哪个工厂较好？【参考答案】***试卷处理标记，请不要删除一、选择题 1．A 解析：A 【分析】 由11x y＝3，变形得y -x =3xy ，然后整体代入代数式，计算化简，即可得到结论.【详解】 解：由11xy ＝3，得y xxy -=3，即y -x =3xy ，x -y =-3xy ，则21422x xy y x xy y ----=2()142x y xy x y xy ----=61432xy xyxy xy----=4．故选：A ． 【点睛】本题主要考查了分式化简求值，利用整体代入法是解决本题的关键．2．A解析：A 【分析】分式方程去分母转化为整式方程，由分式方程有增根，得到x+3=0，求出x 的值，代入整式方程求出a 的值即可． 【详解】解：分式方程去分母得：20x a ++=， 由分式方程有增根，得到x+3=0，即x=-3， 把x=-3代入整式方程得：320a -++=，解得1a = 故选：A ． 【点睛】本题主要考查了分式方程的增根，牢牢掌握增根的概念是解答本题的重难点．3．B解析：B 【分析】根据分式等于0的条件：分子为0，分母不为0解答． 【详解】由题意得：290,30x x -=-≠， 解得x=-3， 故选：B ． 【点睛】此题考查分式的值等于0的条件，熟记计算方法是解题的关键．4．D解析：D 【分析】先分别解不等式组里的两个不等式，根据解集为2x >，得出a 的范围，根据分式方程的解为整数即得到a 的值，结合a 的范围即可求得符合条件的所有整数a 的和． 【详解】解：关于x 的不等式组3(1)32(1)x a x x >⎧⎨-+>+⎩①②解不等式①得，x a >； 解不等式②得，2x >； ∵不等式组的解集为2x >，∴a≤2，解方程21111ax x x+=---得：21x a =-∵分式方程的解为整数， ∴11a -=±或2± ∴a=0、2、-1、3 又x≠1，∴211a≠-，∴a≠-1， ∴a≤2且a≠-1， 则a=0、2，∴符合条件的所有整数a 的和=0+2=2， 故选：D ． 【点睛】本题考查了分式方程的解以及解一元一次不等式组，根据分式方程的解为整数结合不等式组有解，找出a 的值是解题的关键．5．C解析：C 【分析】A 、B 两项利用同分母分式的加减法法则计算，约分即可得到结果；C 、D 通过能否继续进行因式分解，继续化简，即可得到答案． 【详解】 A. =1a b a b a b a b a b--=---，故此项正确； B. =1a b a b a b a b a b++=+++，故此项正确； C.22a ba b ++为最简分式，不能继续化简，故此项错误；D. ()()221a b a b a b a b a b a b--==-+-+，故此项正确；故选C ． 【点睛】此题考查了分式的加减法、约分，熟练掌握运算法则是解本题的关键．6．C解析：C 【分析】根据分式有意义的条件得到x ≠±1，把分式化简，根据题意解答即可． 【详解】解：由题意得，x 2﹣1≠0，解得，x ≠±1，2221x x --＝2(1)(1)(1)x x x -+-＝21x +， 当21x +为整数时，x ＝﹣3、﹣2、0、1， ∵x ≠1，∴满足条件的整数x 可能是0、﹣2、﹣3， 故选：C ． 【点睛】本题考查的是求分式的值、分式有意义的条件，掌握分式的分母不为0是解题的关键．7．A解析：A 【分析】将x 变为3x ，y 变为3y 计算后与原式比较即可得到答案． 【详解】222(3)93333()x x x x y x y x y==⨯+++，故分式的值扩大到原来的3倍， 故选：A ． 【点睛】此题考查分式的基本性质，正确掌握积的乘方运算，分解因式是解题的关键．8．A解析：A 【分析】答题首先清楚分式的基本性质，然后对各选项进行判断． 【详解】 解：A 、1122x xx x+--=---，故A 不正确； B 、b a a b c c --+=-，故B 正确； C 、a b a bm m-+-=-，故C 正确； D 、22112323x x x x --=---，故D 正确． 故答案为：A ． 【点睛】本题主要考查了分式的基本性质，掌握分式的基本性质是解题的关键．9．C【分析】根据分式有意义的基本条件计算即可． 【详解】∵分式12x -有意义， ∴x-2≠0，∴2x ≠， 故选C ． 【点睛】本题考查了分式有意义的条件，熟记有意义的条件，熟练转化成不等式是解题的关键．10．B解析：B 【分析】根据工作时间＝工作总量÷工作效率，从而得出正确答案． 【详解】解：设小红每分钟录入x 个字，则可得方程90007500220x x=-，根据此情景，题中用“…“表示的缺失的条件应补为所用时间相同，两人每分钟录入字数的和是220字， 故选：B ． 【点睛】本题主要考查了由实际问题抽象出分式方程，根据方程来判断缺失的条件，要注意方程所表示的意思，结合题目给出的条件得出正确的判断．11．C解析：C 【分析】先根据题意得出a=1-b-c ，b=1-a-c ，c=1-a-b ，再代入原式进行计算即可． 【详解】解：∵a ，b ，c 是正数，且满足a+b+c=1， ∴a=1-b-c ，b=1-a-c ，c=1-a-b ， ∴a b a b b a cc c +++++ =111a ca b b c a ca b b c ----++--+++ =1113a b b c a c++-+++ =53- =2 故选：C本题考查的是分式的化简求值，熟知分式混合运算的法则是解答此题的关键．12．D解析：D 【分析】找出等量关系：原计划所用时间-实际所用时间=提前5小时，据此即可得出分式方程，得解． 【详解】解：设原计划每小时生产口罩x 个，则实际每小时生产口罩2x 个， 依题意得：3000300052x x-= 故选：D ． 【点睛】本题考查了由实际问题抽象出分式方程的应用，找准等量关系，正确列出分式方程是解题的关键．二、填空题13．;【分析】先计算括号内的代数式然后化除法为乘法进行化简然后代入求值【详解】当时原式【点睛】本题考查了分式的化简求值注意先把代数式化简然后再代入求值解析：12x -+;-【分析】先计算括号内的代数式，然后化除法为乘法进行化简，然后代入求值． 【详解】214111x x x -⎛⎫-÷ ⎪--⎝⎭22114x x x x --=⋅-- 12x -=+当2x =时，原式== 【点睛】本题考查了分式的化简求值．注意先把代数式化简，然后再代入求值．14．【分析】根据题中的新运算法则列出分式方程再根据分式方程的解法解答即可【详解】解：∴方程为：去分母得解得：经检验是原方程的解故答案为：x=5【点睛】本题考查了新定义的运算法则的计算分式方程的解法解题的 解析：5x =【分析】根据题中的新运算法则列出分式方程，再根据分式方程的解法解答即可． 【详解】 解：211(2)(2)4x x x ⊗-==---∴方程为：12144x x =--- 去分母得124x =-+， 解得：5x =，经检验，5x =是原方程的解， 故答案为：x=5． 【点睛】本题考查了新定义的运算法则的计算、分式方程的解法，解题的关键是理解题中给出的新运算法则及分式方程的解法．15．【分析】假设A 到B 顺流B 到A 逆流根据流程速度时间的关系可得A 到B 需要花费的时长和B 到A 需要花费的时长两式相加即可求解【详解】解：假设A 到B 顺流B 到A 逆流∵轮船在静水中的速度为千米/时水流的速度为千米解析：22100aa b - 【分析】假设A 到B 顺流，B 到A 逆流，根据流程、速度、时间的关系可得A 到B 需要花费的时长和B 到A 需要花费的时长，两式相加即可求解． 【详解】解：假设A 到B 顺流，B 到A 逆流，∵轮船在静水中的速度为a 千米/时，水流的速度为b 千米/时，A 、B 两个港口之间的距离为50千米∴轮船往返A 到B 需要花费的时长为：5050a b a b++- ()()()()5050a b a b a b a b -++=+-()()50505050a b a ba b a b -++=+-22100aa b =-故答案为：22100a a b -． 【点睛】 本题考查列代数式，解题的关键是明确题意，熟练掌握路程、时间、速度三者之间的关系，列出相应的代数式．16．0或2【分析】根据分式有意义的情况得出的范围再根据分式的值为整数得出分母x-1=±1求解即可【详解】解：因为分式有意义所以x-1≠0即x≠1当分式值为整数时有x-1=±1解得x=0或x=2故答案为：解析：0或2【分析】根据分式有意义的情况得出x 的范围，再根据分式的值为整数得出分母x-1=±1求解即可．【详解】 解：因为分式11x -有意义，所以x-1≠0，即x≠1， 当分式11x -值为整数时， 有x-1=±1，解得x=0或x=2，故答案为：0或2．【点睛】本题考查分式的意义，分式的值，理解分式的值的意义是解决问题的关键．17．【分析】先把分式化为真分式再根据分式的值为整数确定的值【详解】解：分式的值为整数或的负整数值为故答案为：【点睛】本题考查了利用分式的性质对分式进行变形解题的关键是理解真分式的定义解析：1-、3-、5-【分析】先把分式化为真分式，再根据分式的值为整数确定x 的值．【详解】 解：2412+++x x x ()223=2x x +-+ 3=22x x +-+ 分式2412+++x x x 的值为整数， 21x ∴+=±或3x =±1x ∴=-、3-、5-、1∴x 的负整数值为1x =-、3-、5-，故答案为：1-、3-、5-．【点睛】本题考查了利用分式的性质对分式进行变形，解题的关键是理解真分式的定义． 18．【分析】绝对值小于1的正数也可以利用科学记数法表示一般形式为a×10-n 与较大数的科学记数法不同的是其所使用的是负指数幂指数由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定【详解】解：用科学记数法 解析：11510-⨯【分析】绝对值小于1的正数也可以利用科学记数法表示，一般形式为a×10-n ，与较大数的科学记数法不同的是其所使用的是负指数幂，指数由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定．【详解】解：用科学记数法把0.0000 0000 005表示为5×10-11．故答案为：5×10-11．【点睛】本题考查用科学记数法表示较小的数，一般形式为a×10-n ，其中1≤|a|＜10，n 为由原数左边起第一个不为零的数字前面的0的个数所决定．19．1【分析】增根是分式方程化为整式方程后产生的使分式方程的分母为0的根因此可将原方程去分母然后将增根代入求a 的值【详解】解：去分母得1+3x ﹣6＝ax ﹣1∵方程有增根所以x ﹣2＝0x ＝2是方程的增根将解析：1【分析】增根是分式方程化为整式方程后产生的使分式方程的分母为0的根，因此可将原方程去分母，然后将增根代入求a 的值．【详解】解：去分母，得 1+3x ﹣6＝ax ﹣1，∵方程有增根，所以x ﹣2＝0，x ＝2是方程的增根，将x ＝2代入上式，得1+6﹣6＝2a ﹣1，解得a ＝1，故答案为1．【点睛】本题考查分式方程的增根，掌握增根是分式方程化为整式方程后产生的使分式方程的分母为0的根是解答的关键．20．【分析】先根据题意得出x-y=4xy 然后代入所求的式子进行约分就可求出结果【详解】∵∴x-y=4xy ∴原式=故答案为：【点睛】此题考查分式的基本性质正确对已知式子进行化简约分正确进行变形是关键解析：11 2【分析】先根据题意得出x-y=4xy，然后代入所求的式子，进行约分就可求出结果．【详解】∵114 y x-=，∴x-y=4xy，∴原式=2()383112422x y xy xy xyx y xy xy xy-++==---，故答案为：112．【点睛】此题考查分式的基本性质，正确对已知式子进行化简，约分，正确进行变形是关键．三、解答题21．6天【分析】设该工程期限是x天，则乙队需要（x+3）天完成工程，根据题意可得，甲乙合作2天完成的任务+乙做（x-2）天完成的任务=1，据此列方程．【详解】解：设该工程限期x天根据题意，得1122133xx x x-⎛⎫++= ⎪++⎝⎭解得6x=经检验，6x=是原分式方程的解，且符合题意答：该工程限期6天．【点睛】本题考查了由实际问题抽象出分式方程，解答本题的关键是读懂题意，设出未知数，找出合适的等量关系，列方程．22．2x--；【分析】首先把括号里进行通分，然后把除法运算转化成乘法运算，进行约分化简，最后代值计算．【详解】解：222422244 x x xxx x x--⎛⎫-+÷⎪+++⎝⎭=222244(2)22x x x x x x--+++- =222(2)(2)22x x x x xx --++- =2x --当2x =时，原式=2)2=--【点睛】本题是分式的混合运算需特别注意运算顺序及符号的处理，也需要对通分、分解因式、约分等知识点熟练掌握．23．（1）251()3322127()2x x y x x x ⎧+<⎪⎪=⎨⎪--+≥⎪⎩；（2）函数图象见解析；当1x >时，y 随x 的增大而减小；（3）12x <或3x > 【分析】（1）代入1x =-和12x =即可求解； （2）利用描点作图法画出图象，再根据图象写出性质即可；（3）联立函数解析式，求出交点，即可得出结论．【详解】解：（1）当1x =-时，513a -+=，解得23a =； 当12x =时，1272b --+=，解得2b =； ∴y 与x 的函数关系式为：251()3322127()2x x y x x x ⎧+<⎪⎪=⎨⎪--+≥⎪⎩； （2）函数图象如下：函数性质：当1x >时，y 随x 的增大而减小；（3）当1x ≤时，25332733y x y x ⎧=+⎪⎪⎨⎪=-+⎪⎩，可得122x y ⎧=⎪⎨⎪=⎩；当1x >时，2272733y x x y x ⎧=--+⎪⎪⎨⎪=-+⎪⎩，可得313x y =⎧⎪⎨=⎪⎩， ∴当y 1>y 时，x 的取值范围为12x <或3x >． 【点睛】本题考查函数图象，掌握待定系数法求解析式、描点作图等方法是解题的关键． 24．（1）±8；（2）14【分析】（1）根据示例提供的方法可以求得a+b 的值；（2）根据a 2-4a+1=0，通过变形可以求得所求式子的值．【详解】解：（1）∵a ，b 满足a 2+b 2=38，ab=13，∴222()2a b a b ab +=+-，即：38=（a+b ）2-2×13，解得，a+b=8或a+b=-8，（2）∵a 2-4a+1=0， ∴140a a -+=， ∴14a a+=，∴21()16a a +=， ∴221216a a ++=， ∴22114a a +=． 【点睛】本题考查分式的混合运算，解答本题的关键是明确分式混合运算的计算方法，利用数形结合的思想解答．25．3212x y【分析】按照分式乘法和幂的运算法则计算即可．【详解】 解：()22163x y x⋅． 421363x y x=⨯， 3212x y =．【点睛】本题考查了分式乘法和幂的运算，解题关键是熟练运用分式乘法和幂的运算法则进行计算．26．（1）甲工厂每天能加工40套新型防护服，乙工厂每天能加工60套新型防护服；（2）选择甲工厂较好．【分析】（1）设甲工厂每天能加工x 套新型防护服，则乙工厂每天能加工1.5x 套新型防护服，根据工作时间=工作总量÷工作效率结合甲工厂单独完成任务比乙工厂单独完成任务多用10天，即可得出关于x 的分式方程，解之经检验后即可得出结论；（2）利用总费用=每天需要的费用×工作时间，可分别求出选择甲、乙两工厂所需费用，比较后即可得出结论．【详解】解：（1）设甲工厂每天能加工x 套新型防护服，则乙工厂每天能加工1.5x 套新型防护服， 依题意得：12001200101.5x x-=， 解得：x=40， 经检验，x=40是原方程的解且符合题意，∴1.5x=60．答：甲工厂每天能加工40套新型防护服，乙工厂每天能加工60套新型防护服．（2）选择甲工厂所需费用为200×120040=6000（元）；选择乙工厂所需费用为350×120060=7000（元）．∵6000＜7000，∴从经济角度考虑，选用甲工厂较好．【点睛】本题考查了分式方程的应用，找准等量关系，正确列出分式方程是解题的关键．。
人教部编最新版八下第五单元测试题(附答案)
最新人教部编版八年级下册语文第五单元测试卷及答案(时间：120分钟总分：120分)一、积累与运用(30分)1．下列加点字的注音完全正确的一项是( )(3分)A．颠簸．bǒ推搡． sang 灼．热zhuó怒不可遏．èB．蘸．水zhàn 黧．黑lí妩媚．mèi 大煞．风景shàC．眺．望tiào 懈．怠xiè巉．峻chán 接踵．而至zhǒngD．穹．顶qióng 虔．诚qián 拾．级shè纷至沓．来dá2．下列词语中没有错别字的一项是( )(3分)A．寒噤缭绕川流不息轻歌漫舞B．迂回喧哗震耳欲聋风云变幻C．演译蜿蜒目眩神迷瞬息万变D．棱角砾石名符其实历历在目3．下列语句中加点的成语使用有误的一项是( )A．炸弹在敌军中开了花，震耳欲聋．．．．，炸得敌人喊爹叫娘。
B．非洲一些国家，政局动荡，风云变幻．．．．。
C．近年来，全国各地道德模范络绎不绝．．．．，传播正能量，为全社会树立了榜样。
D．江君的画展开展后，参观的人接踵而至．．．．。
4．下列句子中没有语病的一项是（）A．许多游客听着瀑布欢呼呐喊，轰鸣声与欢笑声此起彼伏。
B．喜欢游泳的人大多有这种体验：不管天气很热，但是刚从水里出来时会感到有点凉，有时甚至还会打一下寒战。
C．洞内有我国首次发现的红玛瑙质构成的自然景观，景观的形成距今已有大约16亿多年的历史。
D．蓝天与雪山下的石头村庄交相辉映，伴着纳西古乐，村民用颇具特色的舞步抒发着简单的快乐。
5．根据上下文，填写在横线上的语句，排序最恰当的一项是（）了……①她的金色的柔光滟滟地泻在广裹的大地上，远近的房屋、树梢、山影、水痕，全都泛出了浅金色的光芒。
②她又是那么圆，圆得似乎要凸出来、蹦出来了。
③她低低的淳在澄净如洗的空中，离我那么近，仿佛一伸手便可以摘下。
④我狂喜地望着这神奇的月色，仿佛走进了金色的梦境，一切都是闪闪烁烁、蓬蓬勃勃的。
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八年级下册第五单元测试题参考答案：
一、基础知识。
1、给加点字注音。
tuān yuān lìsìx iù pián sù yùn qǐ qín
2、解释加点词的意思。
就等待有时同“饲”，饲养高远，往高处和远处伸展辈，同类奔跑的马，动词作名词名词作动词，腰间挂着等同，一样马鞭
3、根据课文填空。
（1）、沉舟侧畔千帆过，病树前头万木春。
（2）、东风不与周郎便，铜雀春深锁二乔。
（3）、人生自古谁无死？留取丹心照汗青。
（4）、兴，百姓苦；亡，百姓苦。
（5）、鸢飞戾天者，望峰息心；经纶世务者，窥谷忘反。
（6）、但愿人长久，千里共婵娟。
4、成语积累。
君子一言快马一鞭马马虎虎龙马精神汗马功劳等
二、阅读理解。
5、奔:飞奔的马负：凭借戾：至经纶：筹划
6、奇山异水，天下独绝。
7、清澈，湍急；高峻，多树。
8、虽乘奔御风，不以疾也。
9、游鱼细石，直视无碍。
10、（1）极力追求名利的人，看到这些雄奇的山峰，就会平息热衷于功名利禄的心；忙于治理政务的人，看到这幽美的山谷，就流连忘返。
（2）重重叠叠的山峦凭借高峻的地势，争着向上，好像要比一下，看谁爬得高，伸得远，由此而形成无数的山峰。
11、作者不禁触景生情，自然流露出对追求利禄之徒的蔑视，含蓄地传达出爱慕美好自然、避世退隐的高洁志趣。
12、走：跑硕：大援：引率：终于
13、①借书不失信于人；②抄书不畏艰苦；③远行百里向先达请教。
14、勤奋好学、谦虚诚恳。
15、作者以学得知识为最大乐事，这种高洁志趣，让人敬佩，值得效仿。
16、略（围绕只要勤奋好学，就能学有所成来谈即可）
17、田园格律初夏的乡村，雨后转晴诗人眺望原野所见的景色。
18、第3、4句颈联
19、热爱自然热爱田园热爱生活
20、被
21、然而老虎吃人不常见
22、是故天下之用力而不用智，与自用而不用人者，皆虎之类也。
三、写作天地。