大学英语精读4_uint5_To_lie_or_not_to_lie
Unit-5-To-Lie-or-Not-to-Lie-–-The-Doctor’s-Dilemma
Unit 5 To Lie or Not to Lie – The Doctor’s Dilemma一、教学目的1、了解与课文相关的文化背景知识和议论文的文体风格及写作特点。
2、理解课文的主题思想以及文中出现的复杂、疑难句式。
3、掌握：1) 课文的篇章结构和特点;2）构词法：后缀-ary & -ory added to nouns to form adjectives3）惯用法：also, as well, too;4）阅读技巧: Basic Reading Skill VII—Distinguishing Fact from Opinion (1); 5）写作技巧：write concluding sentence; a letter of application.4、熟练掌握：重点词汇、短语和关键句型1）重点词汇：advocate, alternative, benefit, conceal, arise, betray, promote, differ, risk, distort, tolerate, render, informed, concerning, suspicion, injure, deceive, debate, issue, consequence, professional, peculiar;2）重点短语、句型：短语：at times, in one’s eyes, slip into, contrary to, in the first place, in the course of, in the dark, bring to a close, take leave, in the long run, go to great lengths, refrain from, day after day;句型：1) contrary to…2) object clause二、教学重点1、掌握：1）与课文相关的文化背景知识，如“Three Types of Doctors”,“OtherMedical Workers”, “White Lies” etc.Three Types of Doctors:General practitioners(全科医生): They may not have special training in any particular medical field, but develops a wide knowledge of all kinds of illness.Specialists (专家，专科医生) : Some doctors prefer to treat only certain kinds of illness, thus becoming specialists in their chosen field.Researchers (医学研究人员) : Those doctors often help teach future physicians in medical schools. At the same time, they use the laboratories and hospital facilities of the medical schools to conduct research programs.Other Medical WorkersPhysician内科医生Surgeon外科医生Dentist牙医Intern, Resident, Chief Resident 实习医生，住院医生，住院总医师Nurse, Head Nurse护士，护士长Veterinarian (Vet) 兽医Quack江湖游医A White LieA white lie is a lie that is considered to be justified, or even praiseworthy, if it is in the interests of the person or people to whom it istold. Quite often, a doctor’s lie is thought to be a case in point.2）了解议论文的文体风格和写作特点。
大学英语精读教程 Book 4 Unit 5
2. conceal vt. 隐瞒
e.g. She concealed her fear from the young members of the family. I knew at once that the doctor was concealing something from me. Note: conceal … from …
2. expose vt. make known揭露；暴露
ex-
: prefix向外 e.g. The newspaper exposed the activities of the secret organization. After the scandal was exposed, Mr. Johnson and his wife both committed suicide. Note: expose … to … exposure n.
9. at times: sometimes; once in a while 间或，偶尔
e.g. We have noodles for lunch at times. As my father is getting on in years, he gets very sleepy at times.
4. dwarf n. 矮子；矮小的动 (植)物
e.g. The dwarf sees farther than the giant, when he has the giant’s shoulders to mount on. They are dwarfs beside Shakespeare.
16. betrayt betrayed when the President went back on his promise not to raise taxes. Who could have thought that he had betrayed his best friend to the enemy?
[精选]Unit 5 TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE课文翻译大学英语四--资料
![[精选]Unit 5 TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE课文翻译大学英语四--资料](https://img.taocdn.com/s3/m/02a1d8ed6f1aff00bed51eec.png)
Unit 5 TO LIE OR NOT TOLIE— THE DOCTOR'S DILEMMASissela BokIs it ever proper for a medical doctor to lie to his patient? Should he tell a patient he is dying? These questions seem simple enough, but it is not so simple to give a satisfactory answer to them. Now a new light is shed on them.Should doctors ever lie to benefit their patients -- to speed recovery or to conceal the approach of death? In medicine as in law, government, and other lines of work, the requirements of honesty often seem dwarfed by greater needs: the need to shelter from brutal news or to uphold a promise of secrecy; to expose corruption or to promote the public interest.What should doctors say, for example, to a 46-year-old man coming in for a routine physical checkup just before going on vacation with his family who, though he feels in perfect health, is found to have a form of cancer that will cause him to die within six months? Is it best to tell him the truth? If he asks, should the doctors deny that he is ill, or minimize the gravity of the illness? Should they at least conceal the truth until after the family vacation?Doctors confront such choices often and urgently. At times, they see important reasons to lie for the patient's own sake; in their eyes, such lies differ sharply from self-serving ones.Studies show that most doctors sincerely believe that the seriously ill do not want to know the truth about their condition, and that informing them risks destroying their hope, so that they may recover more slowly, or deteriorate faster, perhaps even commit suicide. As one physician wrote: "Ours is a profession which traditionally has been guided by a precept that transcends the virtue of uttering the truth for truth's sake, and that is 'as far as possible do no harm.'"Armed with such a precept, a number of doctors may slip into deceptive practices that they assume will "do no harm" and may well help their patients. They may prescribe innumerable placebos, sound more encouraging than the facts warrant, and distort grave news, especially to the incurably ill and the dying.But the illusory nature of the benefits such deception is meant to produce is now coming to be documented. Studies show that, contrary to the belief of many physicians, an overwhelming majority of patients do want to be told the truth, even about grave illness, and feel betrayed when they learn that they have been misled. We are also learning that truthful information, humanely conveyed, helps patients cope with illness: helps them tolerate pain better, need less medicine, and even recover faster after surgery.Not only do lies not provide the "help" hoped for by advocates of benevolent deception; they invade the autonomy of patients and render them unable to make informed choices concerning their own health, including the choice of whether to be patient in the first place. We are becoming increasingly aware of all that can befall patients in the course of their illness when information is denied or distorted.Dying patients especially -- who are easies to mislead and most often kept in the dark -- can then not make decisions about the end of life: about whether or not they should enter a hospital, or have surgery; about where and with whom they should spend their remaining time; about how they should bring their affairs to a close and take leave.Lies also do harm to those who tell them: harm to their integrity and, in the long run, to their credibility. Lies hurt their colleagues as well. The suspicion of deceit undercuts the work of the many doctors who are scrupulously hones with their patients; it contributes to the spiral of lawsuits and of "defensive medicine," and thus it injures, in turn, the entire medical profession.Sharp conflicts are now arising. Patients are learning to press for answers. Patients' bills of rights require that they be informed about their condition and about alternatives for treatment. Many doctors go to great lengths to provide such information. Yet even in hospitals with the most eloquent bill of rights, believers in benevolent deception continue their age-old practices. Colleagues may disapprove but refrain from objecting. Nurses may bitterly resent having to take part, day after day, in deceiving patients, but feel powerless to take a stand.There is urgent need to debate this issue openly. Not only in medicine, but in other professions as well, practitioners may find themselves repeatedly in difficulty where serious consequences seem avoidable only through deception. Yet the public has every reason to be wary of professional deception, for such practices are peculiarly likely to become deeply rooted, to spread, and to erode trust. Neither in medicine, nor in law, government, or the social sciences can there be comfort in the old saying, "What you don't know can't hurt you."撒谎还是不撒谎——医生的难题医生可以对病人撒谎吗?医生应该告诉病人他已经病入膏肓了吗?这些问题看起来很简单，但是要给出令人满意的回答却并不那么简单。
上外教大学英语精读unit 5
alternative
You have the ~ of working hard and being successful or of not working hard and being unsuccessful. Is there no ~ to what you propose?
refrain
injure
He was ~d in a car accident.
arise
A new difficult has arisen. There arose new problems.
bill(s) of rights
Many constitutions have a Bill of Rights, a list of certain rights guaranteed to the people. It has become common to extend this use metaphorically to other lists of rights, eg. A consumers’ bill of rights, a patients’ bill of rights and so on. Here patients’ bills of rights refer to statements of rights guaranteed by different hospitals to their patients.
keep……in the dark
1. 1. 1. If you’ve got some bad news about your
friend, what are you likely to do ? 2. Do you like to know everything about yourself ?
大学英语精读第4册课文翻译及课后答案
大学英语精读第四册课文翻译Unit 1两个大学男孩 不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动 被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
男孩们很快就明白 如果事情看起来好得不像真的 那多半确实不是真的。
轻轻松松赚大钱约翰•G•哈贝尔“你们该看看这个 ”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话 这兴许是一种办法。
”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
塑料袋上印着一条信息说 需要招聘人投递这样的袋子 这活儿既轻松又赚钱。
“轻轻松松赚大钱!” “我不在乎失不失尊严 ”大儿子回答说。
“我可以忍受 ”他的弟弟附和道。
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子 真使我痛心 ”我说。
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。
我听了很高兴 便离城出差去了。
午夜时分 我已远离家门 在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。
电话铃响了 是妻子打来的。
她想知道我这一天过得可好。
“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。
“你过得怎么样?”我问道。
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。
“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。
又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。
”“又一辆卡车?”“今晚第三辆了。
第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告 第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。
我不知道这一辆装的啥 但我肯定又是四千份什么的。
既然这事是你促成的 我想你或许想了解事情的进展。
”我之所以受到指责 事情原来是这样 由于发生了一起报业工人罢工 通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页 必须派人直接投送出去。
公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金 任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。
“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。
“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道 “我们两个钟点就能干完!”“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页 ”妻子告诉我说 “现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。
就在我们说话的当儿 两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。
这么多广告 我们可怎么办?”“你让孩子们快干 ”我指示说。
大英4 unite 5
• 定语从句 who is found … • 让步状语从句 though he feels … • 定语从句 that will cause…
12
• 8 deny v 否认/否定 • Sb deny that…; deny doing … • He denies attempting to murder his wife. • 9 minimize v 降低; 贬低; 使减少到最低… • The mountaineers took every precaution (预防
• in perfect health 健康良好
• 6 cancer n 癌
区分: cancel v
• 7 cause v 使发生; 造成; 引起; 导致
• Do you know what caused the fire?
• cause sb to do sth
• The boy caused her to lose her job.
• Trees shelter the house from the wind.
6
• 11 brutal a 直截了当的; 冷酷/残忍的; • 残暴/兽性的
The boss was a brutal man and everyone was afraid of his brutal behavior.
• 2 urgently ad = under much pressure
• 紧迫地
• 3 at times ad 有时/时不时地
• =sometimes; once in a while
• We have sandwiches for lunch at times, but usually we prefer noodles.
大学英语精读4 Unit Five
11. evaporate SYN—vapor n. 蒸汽，烟雾 v. 使蒸发 evaporated a. 脱水的，浓缩的 ~ milk 炼乳 extinct book 绝版书 on the verge/edge of extinction 频临灭绝 12. extinct volcano 死火山
face extinction/be threatened with extinction eg: Many endangered species now face extinction. 许多濒危物种 现正面临灭绝。
23. miraculous
SYN—mysterious, magic, fantastic
24. overblown SYN—exaggerated, excessive an overblown technician 装模作样的技师 overblow Vt. 吹落，吹散；夸张，过分渲染 25. Overwhelm vt. be ~ed by/with sth overwhelming a. ~ majority ; ~ desire
They would be overwhelmed with paperwork.
The Mideast Oil Crisis in the 1970’s:
In October 1973, Arab petroleum exporting countries cut off exports of petroleum to many Western nations, including the United States, in response to their involvement in the Arab-Israeli conflicts (阿以冲突). The embargo (贸易禁令) led to rising oil prices in the early 1970’s, bringing widespread panic to Western countries. Many people believe that high oil consumption in these countries was the root cause of the oil crisis. The Mideast Oil Crisis enhanced public environmental awareness and heightened public concern over natural resource scarcity.
大学英语精读第4册课文翻译及课后答案
大学英语精读第四册课文翻译Unit 1两个大学男孩 不清楚赚钱需要付出艰苦的劳动 被一份许诺轻松赚大钱的广告吸引了。
男孩们很快就明白 如果事情看起来好得不像真的 那多半确实不是真的。
轻轻松松赚大钱约翰•G•哈贝尔“你们该看看这个 ”我向我们的两个读大学的儿子建议道。
“你们若想避免因为老是向人讨钱而有失尊严的话 这兴许是一种办法。
”我将挂在我们门把手上的、装在一个塑料袋里的几本杂志拿给他们。
塑料袋上印着一条信息说 需要招聘人投递这样的袋子 这活儿既轻松又赚钱。
“轻轻松松赚大钱!” “我不在乎失不失尊严 ”大儿子回答说。
“我可以忍受 ”他的弟弟附和道。
“看到你们俩伸手讨钱讨惯了一点也不感到尴尬的样子 真使我痛心 ”我说。
孩子们说他们可以考虑考虑投递杂志的事。
我听了很高兴 便离城出差去了。
午夜时分 我已远离家门 在一家旅馆的房间里舒舒服服住了下来。
电话铃响了 是妻子打来的。
她想知道我这一天过得可好。
“好极了!”我兴高采烈地说。
“你过得怎么样?”我问道。
“棒极了!”她大声挖苦道。
“真棒!而且这还仅仅是个开始。
又一辆卡车刚在门前停下。
”“又一辆卡车?”“今晚第三辆了。
第一辆运来了四千份蒙哥马利-沃德百货公司的广告 第二辆运来四千份西尔斯-罗伯克百货公司的广告。
我不知道这一辆装的啥 但我肯定又是四千份什么的。
既然这事是你促成的 我想你或许想了解事情的进展。
”我之所以受到指责 事情原来是这样 由于发生了一起报业工人罢工 通常夹在星期日报纸里的广告插页 必须派人直接投送出去。
公司答应给我们的孩子六百美金 任务是将这些广告插页在星期天早晨之前投递到四千户人家去。
“不费吹灰之力!”我们上大学的大儿子嚷道。
“六百块!”他的弟弟应声道 “我们两个钟点就能干完!”“西尔斯和沃德的广告通常都是报纸那么大的四页 ”妻子告诉我说 “现在我们门廊上堆着三万二千页广告。
就在我们说话的当儿 两个大个子正各抱着一大捆广告走过来。
这么多广告 我们可怎么办?”“你让孩子们快干 ”我指示说。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
1. Warm-up Questions 2. Background Information About Medicine
About Doctors
Three Types of Doctors Other Medical Workers 3. White Lies Definition of a White Lie Pair Work on White Lies 4. Introductory Remarks
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Three Types of Doctors General practitioners: (全科医生) They may not have special training in any particular medical field, but develops a wide knowledge of all kinds of illness. Specialists: (专家，专科医生) Some doctors prefer to treat only certain kinds of illness, thus becoming specialists in their chosen field.
held on this issue.
Before Reading
Global Readห้องสมุดไป่ตู้ng
Detailed Reading
After Reading
1. Part Division of the Text 2. Group Presentation
3. Further Understanding
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Introductory Remarks When treating seriously ill patients, many doctors think that it is best not to tell them the truth about their condition. These doctors sincerely believe that they have good reasons to tell lies for the patients‟ own benefit. But the author of this article takes a different view on this issue. She gives several reasons why patients, especially those who are dying, should be told the truth. She also discusses the great harm doctors‟ lies do not only to their patients, but also to the doctors themselves and to the entire medical profession. And in the last paragraph of the article, the author urges that an open debate be
内科医生
Surgeon
外科医生
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Other Medical Workers Dentist
牙医
Intern, Resident, Chief Resident
实习医生，住院医 生，住院总医师
Nurse, Head Nurse
护士，护士长
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Other Medical Workers Veterinarian (Vet)
兽医
Quack
江湖游医
Before Reading
Global Reading
2. Recall occasions on which you have told a white lie and explain why it was
justified. 3. Discuss about the would-be benefits and would-be costs about white lies.
2. Have you ever thought of being a doctor? Why or why not? 3. Suppose you are seriously ill, do you want the doctor to tell you the truth or not? Why?
Detailed Reading
After Reading
About Doctors Doctors refer to physicians and other medical healers. In the United States they are called health care professionals, which include physicians, surgeons, dentists. Most of them work in health care
physical, mental and social well-being, and not
merely the absence of disease”. Obviously the goal of medicine is to maintain health.
■
Before Reading
Global Reading
laboratories and hospital facilities of the medical schools
to conduct research programs.
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Other Medical Workers Physician
For Part 1 For Part 2 For Part 3 Multiple Choice True or False Blank Filling
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Part Division of the Text Parts 1 2 3 Lines 1~26 27~55 56~71 Main Ideas
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Researchers:
(医学研究人员) Those doctors often help teach future physicians in medical schools. At the same time, they use the
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Pair Work on White Lies 1. Compile a list of situations in which you think a white lie would be justified.
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Warm-up Questions
1. Have you ever been to hospital? What did you think of the doctor‟s
attitude?
services, which involve diagnosing and treating
patients. Others work mainly in researching, teaching, or administration of medical facilities.
■
Before Reading
Before Reading
Global Reading
Detailed Reading
After Reading
Group Presentation Divide the class into two groups. Ask the first group to go over the first part of the text and find out the reasons why some doctors tell lies to their seriously ill patients and ask the second group to go over the second part of the text and look for the author’s reasons why patients should be told the truth. 1) Doctors‟ reasons for telling lies __________. －Lies may benefit the patient __________. －Lies may help speed recovery sharply from self-serving ones －Such lies differ __________________________. the truth about their condition －The seriously ill don‟t want to know ________________________. _________________. －Telling them the truth risks destroying their hope recover －After learning the truth of their condition, patients may _______ more slowly or _________ deteriorate faster, perhaps even ____________. commit suicide －Deceptive practices will “do no harm” and may well help their patients. ________________