高中英语非谓语讲义
高中英语非谓语动词的用法讲解上课讲义

•关于省略
(1).不定式中的动词上文已出现过,下文要 省略该动词.
e.g.: Would you like to go with me ? Yes,______.
A. I’d like to B.I’d like to go (2). 不定式是to be 结构, be 不可省.
e.g.: Would you like to be a teacher?
1. (MET92 14) --I usually go there by
train.
--Why not ____ by boat for a change?
A. to try going
B. trying to go
C. to try and go D. try going
2.Rather than ___ on a crowded bus, he
persuade, tell, want, warn, teach等. + sb to do
医生建议他去南方.
The doctor advised him to go to the south.
当遇到下列动词时,不定式省略to:
watch
let
五看 see
三使 make
look at
have
notice observe
不定式作主语时,往往放在谓语之后, 用it作形式主语. It is adj. (for sb) to do sth. It is + a pleasure/an honor/a pity to do. It takes sb +time to do.
巩固练习1 1.吸烟对你来说是不好的。
It is not good for you to smoke.
高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解

高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解非谓语动词是英语中的一种特殊动词形式,它们可以在句子中作名词、形容词或副词的作用。
高中英语语法中,非谓语动词主要分为不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
1. 不定式不定式由“to + 动词原形”构成,如:to go、to study。
不定式在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
1.1 作主语不定式作主语时,句子用“it + be + 不定式”结构,如:It is important to learn English well.1.2 作宾语不定式作宾语时,常跟在及物动词后面,如:I want to play soccer.1.3 作表语1.4 作定语不定式作定语时,修饰名词或代词,如:a book to read.1.5 作状语不定式作状语时,表示目的、结果、原因等,如:He came here to see his friend.2. 动名词动名词是由动词加-ing构成的名词,如:playing、studying。
动名词在句子中可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或状语。
2.1 作主语动名词作主语时,常用单数形式,如:Swimming is good for health.2.2 作宾语动名词作宾语时,常跟在及物动词后面,如:I enjoy playing basketball.2.3 作表语动名词作表语时,句子用“主语 + be + 动名词”结构,如:His hobby is swimming.2.4 作定语2.5 作状语动名词作状语时,表示方式、时间、原因等,如:He made money by working hard.3. 分词分词是由动词的变化形式构成的形容词,常分为现在分词和过去分词两种形式。
分词在句子中可以作定语、表语或状语。
3.1 现在分词作定语现在分词作定语时,修饰名词或代词,如:a crying baby.3.2 过去分词作定语过去分词作定语时,修饰名词或代词,如:a broken window.3.3 分词作表语分词作表语时,句子用“主语 + be + 分词”结构,如:He is tired.3.4 分词作状语分词作状语时,表示时间、原因、条件等,如:Walking slowly, he reached the destination.以上是高中英语语法非谓语动词的讲解,希望对你有所帮助。
高中英语语法非谓语动词讲解

⾼中英语语法⾮谓语动词讲解⾮谓语动词●概述⾮谓语动词,主要指在主句中表⽰⼀个动作但不能充当谓语,⽽是充当其他语法功能的词。
⾮谓语动词没有⼈称和数的变化,但是有语态和时态的变化。
●⾮谓语动词的三种形式⾮谓语动词有三种:动词不定式、动名词和分词。
这三个基本形式的基础上会有⼀些变化:1.动词不定式2.动名词3.分词●动词不定式的⽤法1.动词不定式的否定式not toShe decided not to be late again.2.动词不定式的完成式完成式表⽰的动作或状态发⽣在位于动词表⽰的动作或状态之前。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting.注意若谓语为表⽰“愿望、打算、意图”的动词时,如hope, think, want, plan, expect, mean, intend等,其后可以跟不定式的完成式表⽰“本来想要或打算做某事,⽽实际上未能实现”。
如:We meant to have stopped him from doing such a thing.征,则构成不定式符合结构的介词应为of前⾯常⽤的形容词有:kind, nice, foolish, silly, stupid, rude, cruel, wise, clever, brace, selfish, crazy, good, careful, careless, impolite, right, wrong等。
It is very kind of you to help me.区别It is important for us to learn English well.4.在某些动词后,可⽤it做形式宾语,然后加宾语补⾜语,最后加不定式作真正的并于。
常见的动词有find, think consider, feel, make等。
They find it difficult to repay the money.5.动词+不定式作宾补ask, want, invite, get, force, expect, allow, persuade, order, warn, remind order, cause, permit, forbid, advise, teach等。
高考英语 第八章 非谓语动词知识精讲

非谓语动词[知识精讲]非谓语动词是高中英语语法中的一个重点和难点之一。
主要的考察形式为单项选择,在历年各地高考题目中广泛出现。
高中阶段,我们学习的非谓语动词内容包括不定式、动名词和分词的用法以及非谓语动词的复合结构用法。
一、概念和基本知识:什么是非谓语动词?首先,我们要了解英语中基本的句子结构:主语→ 谓语→宾语(+补语)↑ ↑ ↑定语状语定语我们知道主语和宾语分别是一个动作的发出者和接受者,他们具有名词的性质(即使主语或宾语是一个短语或者从句,也可以把它整体看作一个名词。
这种思维方法很重要,相当于数学当中的整体思想)。
谓语表示一个动作或一种存在的状态,具有一般的动词的性质。
定语是对主语和宾语起修饰、限定作用的成分,往往具有形容词的性质。
状语是对谓语动词在时间、地点、方式、目的、程度等方面进行修饰的成分,一般具有副词的性质。
由上我们可以知道,一般来说,动词都是放在谓语的位置上的,但是在具体的语境之中,为了使意思表达连贯完整,我们往往要借用动词来充当句子当中的其它成分。
这个时候,我们的动词就不能够再以动词本身的面貌出现在句子中,而是通过变化变成了不定式、动名词和分词等等形式。
有了恰当的形式,这些动词就可以在句子当中充当除了谓语以外的其它成分。
这就是我们所说的非谓语动词。
二、非谓语动词的基本性质非谓语动词既然不出现在谓语的位置,那么他们在句子中也就不具有动词的性质,而是具有诸如名词、形容词和副词等等的词性。
一个完整的简单句子里面,只能有一套主谓宾的结构。
也就是说,如果一个句子里面已经有了一个谓语动词,就不可能再有另外的谓语动词出现了。
(以上不包括用but、and连接和从句的情况。
)注意:不定式和分词一般是与其它词连接形成短语之后才具有了形容词、副词的性质。
我们平常说的“××短语作定语”、“××短语作状语”指的就是这种情况。
例如:To marry her,he has to earn a lot of money.中“To marry her”这个短语作为一个整体来作目的状语。
(完整版)高中英语非谓语动词详解

第二讲非谓语动词教学重点1,非谓语动词和谓语动词的区别;2,非谓语动词的各种形式和应用;3,非谓语动词的考点解析。
一、非谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别1.谓语动词在句中可单独作谓语,而非谓语动词不能单独作谓语。
如:Miss Mary teaches us English . 玛丽教我们英语。
(teaches是谓语动词。
)Mr Victor came to our classroom to have a talk with us last week.维克托先生上周末来到了我们教室和我们谈话。
(to have a talk不定式作状语)2.谓语动词受主语的人称和数的限制,而非谓语动词形式没有这种限制。
如:Tom likes the pop music. 汤姆喜欢流行音乐。
(动词用第三人称单数形式)Tom has nothing to do today. 汤姆今天没有什么事要做。
(do用原形)二、非谓语动词的各种形式和应用非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和分词。
其动能和形式如下:非谓语动词在句中所做的成分如下:三、考点解析非谓语动词一直是高考中的热点。
解答非谓语动词的题目时,一定要解析句子结构,确定所设空是谓语动词还是非谓语动词,以及非谓语动词在句子中充当的功能(如状语、定语或宾补);找准相关动词的逻辑主语,确定该动词与逻辑主语是什么关系(主动还是被动);搜索句子中相关的时间信息,确定非谓语动词的恰当形式。
1 动名词和不定式作表语①如果表语是不定式,主语也是不定式;表语是动名词,主语也是动名词。
如:To see is to believe.=Seeing is believing.②动名词作主语的句型。
如:It is no use/no good/useless doing sth.It is a waste of time doing(也可用It is a waste of time to do)③动词不定式和动名词的复合结构:动词不定式的复合结构有两种:It is difficult/easy/possible/necessary/...for sb. to do sth.和It is kind/wise/foolish/considerate/...of sb. to do。
高考英语语法非谓语动词分析讲义

高中英语语法非谓语动词分析及巩固练习1.定义:动词除在句子中作谓语以外,还具有名词、形容词及副词的性质,在句中可作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语和补语等,这就是动词的非谓语动词。
可分为三种:动词不定式、分词和动名词。
2.动词不定式:to +动词原形(在某些情况下可以不带to )。
(没有人称和数的变化,可以有自己的宾语和状语,可以有时态和语态的变化)1 一般式:主动语态:to do , 被动语态:to be + 动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生或之后发生)2 进行式:主动语态:to be doing , 被动语态:无 (表示动作或状态与谓语动词的动作或状态同时发生)3 完成式:主动语态:to have +动词过去分词,被动语态:to have been +动词过去分词 (表示动作或状态在谓语动作之前就发生)4 用法:A.作主语:To learn a foreign language is not easy . = It's not easy to learn a foreign language .B.作表语:The most important thing is to finish the work on time .C.作宾语:a. 动词+to do . He decided to buy a new watch . (agree, choose, want, hope, like, wish, learn, love, plan, try, start, afford …)b. 动词+疑问词+to do I don't know where to put the bike .c. 动词+形式宾语(it)+宾补+to do I find it important to learn a second foreign language .D.作补语:a. 动词+宾语+to do Tom asked me to show him the new shoes . (tell, wish, ask, want, like, beg, invite, allow,encourage…)b. 动词+宾语+不带to的动词 He often saw Tom play football .(see, hear, feel, watch, notice, have, make, let…)E.作状语:a. 表示目的:He went to Guangzhou to see his sons . He got up early in order to catch the first bus .b. 表示结果:He is too tired to walk any farther . They aren't old enough to go to school .c. 表示原因:He is sorry to hear that . I am glad to see you .F.作定语: I have something to tell you . I want to buy something to eat .5 动词不定式to 的省略:A.在感官动词feel, hear, see, watch, notice 及使役动词have, let, make等后面要省to,但在变被动语态时要还原不定式to。
高中英语一轮复习非谓语动词讲义

非谓语动词 1.知道非谓语和谓语之间的区别2.掌握ing 、done 、to do 的不同用法3. .了解非谓语在句子都能做什么成分 [解读要点](状语、定语、宾语、宾补、主语、表语)Many Chinese brands ,having developed their reputations over centuries ,are facing new challenges from the modern market.很多中国品牌历经几个世纪树立了声誉,它们正面临着当代市场带来的新挑战。
There are still many problems to be solved before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.在我们准备在月球上长住之前,还有很多问题仍需要解决。
[先试做题组]Ⅰ.单句语法填空1.Many airlines now allow passengers to print their boarding passes online to save (save) their valuable time.2.The hospital has recently obtained new medical equipment , to allow (allow) more patients to be treated.[再解读要点]1.不定式作状语(to do )作目的状语,可用in order to 替换,意为“为了;想要”。
To make it easier to get in touch with us ,you 'd better keep this card at hand.为了便于联系我们,你最好将这张卡片放在身边。
2.分词作状语非谓语动词作状语时,其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语。
现在分词(doing )作状语时,现在分词所表示的动作与句子主语之间构成逻辑上的主动关系。
非谓语动词不定式形式讲义(高中英语)

❀
不定式做表语 ① 表示主语的职业、职责、性质等 I found a part-time job, which is to guide the patients. Our duty is to help those people find their parents. ② 主语是aim, purpose, idea, intention, plan, wish, decision, choice等词 The intention of this book is to introduce popular science My wish is to travel around the world.
不定式的完成进行式
(3)完成进行式:to have been doing Robin is known to have been studying abroad for a while, but we don’t know which country.. 不定式的完成进行式表示的动作谓语动词动作发生之前一直在进行 。
❀
不定式做宾语
常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有:want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer。 如果不定式(宾语)后面有宾语补足语,则用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语 (不定式)后置,放在宾语补足语后面, . ☞Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.
❀
不定式做状语
① 表目的: ☞He worked day and night to get the money. ☞She sold her hair to buy the watch chain. ☆ 注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致: 请判断以下几个句子是否正确:
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作宾语用的不定式结构之前还可以带有疑问词。 eg.Have you decided when to go? eg.The little girl forgot what to say. eg.I don’t know which to choose. 这种结构还可以在句中作直接宾语。
不定式的形式
时态
语态
一般式
进行式
完成式
主动 被动
to do
to be done
to be doing
to have done
to have been done
3.不定式结构
不定式常常带有自己的宾语,宾语+宾语补足 语或状语,带有这些成分的不定式统称为“不 定式结构”。
eg.He began to study Russian. eg.He wanted to send me a gift. eg.He began to feel sad.
不定式作主语通常的用法是在主语的位置上 放个“it”, 而把作主语的不定式结构后置。 因此,以上四个句子可以分别改为:
•It is our duty to give good service. •It is necessary to clean the room once a week. •It is very important to develop agriculture.
eg.His suggestion was to make a fire.
eg.What he would say was to call a meeting.
⑶As the object: (作宾语: V+ to do) (记下!)
能带不定式结构作宾语的动词,常见的有 agree, ask, beg, begin, decide, expect, forget, hate, hope, learn, like, mean, offer, plan, prefer, refuse, promise, remember, try, want, wish等.
eg. To promise too much is to promise nothing.
②主语通常是由hope, idea, job, plan, mistake, suggestion, wish, work等词充当. eg.The poor girl’s wish was to buy a pair of warm shoes.
eg. It means that every athletes should try to run faster.
如果作宾语的不定式结构之后带有宾补, 就得 用 “it” 作形式宾语并把不定式结构放到宾 补的后面。
eg.Quite a lot of students find it difficult to master English.
eg.It continued to rain heavily. eg.He decided to live in the countryside.
4.不定式的否定形式 不定式的否定形式通常是在不定式符号之 前加 not, never 等否定词。
•We decided not to buy the house. •She wished never to see them again. •She was told not to be worrying any more. •I understand him not to have left here.
I like getting up very early in summer.
不定式 (to do) infini(非谓语动词) gerund
non-finite verb 分词participle现在分词 ing
过去分词 -ed
非谓语动词功能一览表
不定式 动名词 现在分词 过去分词
5.不定式结构的句法功能 不定式结构在句中可以作主语,宾语,补语, 表语,定语和状语。
⑴As the subject: (作主语,谓语用单数) eg.To give good service is our duty. eg.To clean the room once a week is necessary. eg.To develop agriculture is very important. eg.To meet you is a great pleasure.
eg.They decided to move to Shanghai immediately.
eg.She prefered to live in the countryside.
eg.I have forgotten to bring my umbrella.
eg.The children begged to come with us.
主语
∨
∨
宾语
∨
∨
表语
∨
∨
∨
∨
定语
∨
∨
∨
∨
宾语补语 ∨
状语
∨
∨
∨
∨
∨
不定式 INFINITE
3. 不定式在句中的作用:
主语 定语
表语
状语
宾补
宾语
1.不定式的形式
不定式通常由不定式符号 “to +动词原形” 构成,比如动词 write 的不定式就是 to write。 不定式也有时态和语态。例如:
NON-FINITE VERB
1.限定动词与非限定动词的区别
限定动词在句中可以充当谓语,有人称、数、 时态和语态的变化
非限定动词在句中不受句子主语、人称和数的 限定,不能在句中充当谓语,所以也称为非谓 语动词
What he has done is disappointing and his parents feel disappointed.
•It is a great pleasure to meet you.
•It is +adj.+ of/for sb. to do sth.
⑵As the predictive (作表语)
不定式作表语有两种情况: ①主语和表语都是不定式 eg.To protect forests is to keep natural balance.