换称、转喻、提喻三种修辞手法的定义、用法以及它们之间的异同比较
转喻VS提喻

转喻和提喻的区别转喻(metonymy)提喻(synecdoche) 修辞手法都属于关系类修辞,他们的共同之处都是用某一事物的名称指代另一事物的名称。
目前国内有关英语修辞的教科书中就常将这两种修辞手法混为一谈,使老师和学生对此模糊不清。
其实,如果将这两种修辞手法的定义和用法弄清,就不难区分了。
下面就这两种修辞手法的定义、用法以及它们之间的异同做些比较。
1.转喻的定义与用法用某一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。
这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。
转喻通常用下列几种方式指代。
(1)根据人名或商品品牌名:Uncle Sam(山姆大叔)——Americans or the American government(美国人/美国政府)John Bull(约翰牛)——the English nation or a typical Englishman(英国/地道英国人)He is reading Shakespeare. 他在读莎士比亚作品(Shakespeare’s works 用作者指代作品)He went in debt just to keep up with the Joneses.他为了玉邻里攀比而负债。
(Joneses :neighbors 用“琼斯家”指代“邻里”)(2)根据实物名称Finally she married money. 她最终嫁给了有钱人。
(a rich man用“钱”指代“有钱人”)I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day.我住在飞机场附近,日夜可听到过往的飞机声。
(the noise made by passing planes用“过往的飞机”指代“噪音”)(3)根据动植物名称The big apple(大苹果)——New York city(纽约市)Russian bear(俄国熊)——Russians or the Russian government(俄国/俄国政府)British lion(英国狮)——England or the English government(英国/英国政府)The flower of the nation was sent off to war.该国的壮小伙子都被送去打仗了。
英语最全修辞手法

英语常用修辞1.Simile 明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比。
这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性。
或者说是以两种具有相同特征的事物和现象进行对比,表明本体和喻体之间的相似关系,两者都在对比中出现。
标志词常用like,as, seem, as if, as though, similar to,such as等。
It is a figure of speech which makes a comparison between two unlike elements having at least one quality or characteristic in common。
To make the comparison,words like as, as.。
as,as if and like are used to transfer the quality we associate with one to the other.例如:1〉.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow。
2〉.I wandered lonely as c cloud.3〉。
Einstein only had a blanket on,as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.4>。
This elephant is like a snake as anybody can see.这头象和任何人见到的一样像一条蛇。
5〉.He looked as if he had just stepped out of my book of fairytales and had passed me like a spirit。
他看上去好像刚从我的童话故事书中走出来,像幽灵一样从我身旁走过去。
换喻与提喻差异的认知分析

换喻与提喻差异的认知分析
换喻和提喻是一种比喻修辞,是两种修辞方法形式上的变体,其基
本思想是直接将抽象的概念比喻为具体实物,以增强语言表达效果。
但是它们存在着明显的差异,如下:
一、换喻是把两种客观事物从某种意义上进行比较,再换一种表达来
表现,它把一种概念替换成另一种概念、两种概念交换,用更有生命
力的语言表示出来,如把“令人光荣”比喻为“容光焕发”。
二、提喻是把一种客观事物比作另一种事物概念,也就是把抽象的概
念比喻成具体的实物,如把“坚守原则”比喻为“立足坚磐”。
综上所述,换喻与提喻在使用方式上是有差异的,需要适时运用,才
能更有效地表达出自己的观点和感受,从而达到加强语言表达的作用。
英语作文中的常见修辞手法

英语写作常用修辞手法1.Simile明喻明喻是将具有共性的不同事物作对比.这种共性存在于人们的心里,而不是事物的自然属性. 标志词常用like, as, seem, as if, as though, similar to, such as等.例如: 1>.He was like a cock who thought the sun had risen to hear him crow.2>.I wandered lonely as c cloud.3>.Einstein only had a blanket on, as if he had just walked out of a fairy tale.2.Metaphor隐喻,暗喻隐喻是简缩了的明喻,是将某一事物的名称用于另一事物,通过比较形成.例如: 1>.Hope is a good breakfast, but it is a bad supper.2>.Some books are to be tasted, others swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.3>. I study all day as a bee .He has a heart of stone.4>. I study all day as a bee .3.Metonymy 借喻,转喻,换喻借喻不直接说出所要说的事物,而使用另一个与之相关的事物名称.I.以容器代替内容,例如: 1>.The kettle boils. 水开了.2>.The room sat silent. 全屋人安静地坐着.II.以资料.工具代替事物的名称,例如: Lend me your ears, please. 请听我说.III.以作者代替作品,例如: a complete Shakespeare 莎士比亚全集VI.以具体事物代替抽象概念,例如: I had the muscle, and they made money out of it. 我有力气,他们就用我的力气赚钱.4.Synecdoche提喻提喻用部分代替全体,或用全体代替部分,或特殊代替一般.例如: 1>.There are about 100 hands working in his factory. 他的厂里约有100名工人. 2>.He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿. 3>.The fox goes very well with your cap. 这狐皮围脖与你的帽子很相配.5.Personification 拟人拟人是把生命赋予无生命的事物.例如: 1>.The night gently lays her hand at our fevered heads.2>.I was very happy and could hear the birds singing in the woods.6.Irony 反语反语指用相反意义的词来表达意思的作文方式.如在指责过失.错误时,用赞同过失的说法,而在表扬时,则近乎责难的说法.例如: 1>.It would be a fine thing indeed not knowing what time it was in the morning. 2>"Of course, you only carry large notes, no small change on you. "the waiter said to the beggar..Allegory讽喻,比方这是一种源于希腊文的修辞法,意为"换个方式的说法".它是一种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.例如: 1>.Make the hay while the sun shines.2>.It's time to turn plough into sword.7.Hyperbole 夸张overstatement understatement夸张是以言过其实的说法表达强调的目的.它可以加强语势,增加表达效果..例如: 1>.I beg a thousand pardons.2>.Love you. You are the whole world to me, and the moon and the stars.3>.When she heard the bad news, a river of tears poured out.8.Euphemism 委婉,婉辞法婉辞法指用委婉,文雅的方法表达粗恶,避讳的话. 例如:1>.He is out visiting the necessary. 他出去方便一下.2>.His relation with his wife has not been fortunate. 他与妻子关系不融洽.3>.Deng Xiaoping passed away in 19979. 移位修饰transferred epithet将本应该用来修饰某一类名词的修饰语用来修饰另一类名词。
修辞格“转喻”与“提喻”的区别

5)以与甲事物密切相关的乙事物代替甲事物
• The camp (= the army), the pulpit (= the religion) and the law for rich men’s sons are free. 兵营,布道坛和法律保障有钱人的子 孙无忧无虑。 • She took the veil (= a nun’s head-covering) at 20. (= She became a nun at 20.) 她20岁开始 当尼姑。 • brought to / under the hammer (= the mallet used at auction) (= put to auction) 拿去拍卖
• We have several Turners (= pictures by Turner). 我们有几张特纳所做的画。 • Have you got a Hornby (= a copy of the dictionary by Hornby )? 你有一本荷恩毕编的 词典吗? • I have never read Homer (= the poems of Homer). 我从未读过荷马的诗。
9)以某物的产地代替某物
• O Knight, thou lackest a cup of canary, when did I see you so put down? (Shakespeare : Twelfth Night ) 啊,骑士!你需一杯加那利酒,什么时候我看到 你这么沉默?(注:加那利白葡萄酒原产于加那 利群岛。) • Would you have a glass of champagne? 你喝杯香槟 酒好吗?(注:Champagne,法国东部一地区, 所产葡萄酒很著名,通常称香槟酒。)
转喻法提喻法等的区别

转喻法(metony my)提喻法(synecd oche)和换称(antono masia)讲解及举例对比分析转喻(metony my)提喻(synecd oche)换称(antono masia)这三种修辞手法都属于关系类修辞,他们的共同之处都是用某一事物的名称指代另一事物的名称。
目前国内有关英语修辞的教科书中就常将这三种修辞手法混为一谈,使老师和学生对此模糊不清。
其实,如果将这三种修辞手法的定义和用法弄清,就不难区分了。
下面就这三种修辞手法的定义、用法以及它们之间的异同做些比较。
1.转喻的定义与用法用某一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。
这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。
转喻通常用下列几种方式指代。
(1)根据人名或商品品牌名:UncleSam(山姆大叔)——Americ ans or the Americ an govern ment(美国人/美国政府)John Bull(约翰牛)——the Englis h nation or a typica l Englis hman(英国/地道英国人)He is readin g Shakes peare. 他在读莎士比亚作品(Shakes peare’sworks用作者指代作品)He went in debt just to keep up with the Jonese s.他为了玉邻里攀比而负债。
(Jonese s :neighb ors 用“琼斯家”指代“邻里”)We drovea Ford to Hyde Park. 我们驾驶一辆福特牌小轿车到海德公园去。
(Ford :a car whosemake is Ford 用品牌名指代实物)(2)根据实物名称Finall y she marrie d money.她最终嫁给了有钱人。
换称 借代修辞对比

THE COMPARISON BETWEEN METONYMY,SYNECDOCHE AND ANTONOMASIA转喻、提喻、换称三种修辞手法的对比转喻(Metonymy)、提喻(synecdoche)、换称(antonomasia)这三种修辞手法都属于关系类修辞,它们的共同之处都是用某一事物的名称指代另一事物的名称,故而常常容易使人混淆。
目前国内有关英语修辞的教科书中就常将这三种修辞手法混为一谈,使得老师和学生对此模糊不清。
其实,如果将这三种修辞手法的定义和用法弄清,就不难区分它们。
下面就这三种修辞手法的定义、用法以及它们之间的异同等作些比较:一.转喻(Metonymy)的定义与用法:1.定义:用某一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。
这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。
(A metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.)2.用法:转喻通常用下列几种方式指代:①根据人名或商品品牌名:Uncle Sam(山姆大叔)→Americans or the American government(美国人/美国政府)John Bull(约翰牛)→the English nation or a typical Englishman(英国/地道英国人)He is reading Shakespeare. 他在读莎士比亚作品。
Shakespeare's works (用作者指代作品)He went in debt just to keep up with the Joneses. 他为了与邻里攀比而负债。
neighbours(用“琼斯家”指代“邻里”)We drove a Ford to Hyde Park. 我们驾驶一辆福特牌小轿车到海德公园去。
转喻、提喻、换称三种修辞手法的对比

THE COMPARISON BETWEEN METONYMY,SYNECDOCHE AND ANTONOMASIA转喻、提喻、换称三种修辞手法的对比转喻(Metonymy)、提喻(synecdoche)、换称(antonomasia)这三种修辞手法都属于关系类修辞,它们的共同之处都是用某一事物的名称指代另一事物的名称,故而常常容易使人混淆。
目前国内有关英语修辞的教科书中就常将这三种修辞手法混为一谈,使得老师和学生对此模糊不清。
其实,如果将这三种修辞手法的定义和用法弄清,就不难区分它们。
下面就这三种修辞手法的定义、用法以及它们之间的异同等作些比较:一.转喻(Metonymy)的定义与用法:1.定义:用某一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。
这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。
(A metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.)2.用法:转喻通常用下列几种方式指代:①根据人名或商品品牌名:Uncle Sam(山姆大叔)→Americans or the American government(美国人/美国政府)John Bull(约翰牛)→the English nation or a typical Englishman(英国/地道英国人)He is reading Shakespeare. 他在读莎士比亚作品。
Shakespeare's works (用作者指代作品)He went in debt just to keep up with the Joneses. 他为了与邻里攀比而负债。
neighbours(用“琼斯家”指代“邻里”)We drove a Ford to Hyde Park. 我们驾驶一辆福特牌小轿车到海德公园去。
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换称、转喻、提喻三种修辞手法的对比换称(antonomasia)、转喻(Metonymy)、提喻(synecdoche)这三种修辞手法都属于关系类修辞,它们的共同之处都是用某一事物的名称指代另一事物的名称,故而常常容易使人混淆。
目前国内有关英语修辞的教科书中就常将这三种修辞手法混为一谈,使得老师和学生对此模糊不清。
其实,如果将这三种修辞手法的定义和用法弄清,就不难区分它们。
下面就这三种修辞手法的定义、用法以及它们之间的异同等作些比较:一:换称(Antonomasia)的定义与用法:定义:用头衔、绰号和称呼等代替姓名或称谓或用专有名词代替普通名词的修辞手法叫做换称。
(An antonomasia is a figure of speech that involves the use of an epithet or title in place of a name, and also the use of a proper name in place of a common noun.)用法:①用头衔、绰号和称呼等代替姓名或称谓:His Majesty(陛下)→a king or the name of the king(国王或国王的姓名)His Honor(阁下)→a judge or the name of the judge(法官或法官的姓名)Iron Chancellor(铁血宰相)→Bismarck (俾斯麦)②用专有名词代替普通名词:a.源于宗教或神话:Solomon(所罗门)→a wise man(聪明人)Judas(犹大)→a traitor(叛徒)Helen(海伦)→a beautiful woman(美女)b.源于历史:Hitler(希特勒)→a tyrant(暴君)He is the Newton of this century. 他是本世纪的牛顿。
9 a great scientistMilton(弥尔顿)→a poet(诗人)c.源于文学作品:二、转喻(Metonymy)的定义与用法:定义:用某一事物的名称代替另一事物的名称的修辞手法叫做转喻或借代。
这两种事物之间有着密切相关的联系。
(A metonymy is a figure of speech that has to do with the substitution of the name of one thing for that of another with which it is closely associated.)用法:转喻通常用下列几种方式指代:①根据人名或商品品牌名:Uncle Sam(山姆大叔)→Americans or the American government(美国人/美国政府)John Bull(约翰牛)→the English nation or a typical Englishman(英国/地道英国人)He is reading Shakespeare. 他在读莎士比亚作品。
9 Shakespeare's works (用作者指代作品)He went in debt just to keep up with the Joneses. 他为了与邻里攀比而负债。
9 neighbours(用“琼斯家”指代“邻里”)We drove a Ford to Hyde Park. 我们驾驶一辆福特牌小轿车到海德公园去。
9 a car whose make is Ford(用品牌名指代实物)②根据实物名称:Finally she married money. 她最终嫁给了有钱人。
9 a rich man (用“钱”指代“有钱人”。
)I live near an airport and passing planes can be heard night and day. 我住在飞机场附近,日夜可以听到过往的飞机声。
9 the noise made by passing planes(用“过往的飞机”指代“噪音”。
)③根据动植物名称:the big apple(大苹果)→New York city (纽约市)Russian bear(俄国熊)→Russians or the Russian government(俄国人/俄国政府)British lion(英国狮)→England or the English government(英国/英国政府)The flower of the nation was sent off to war. 该国的壮小伙子都被送去打仗了。
9 the strong young men(the flower通常用来指代“精英”、“精华”等。
在句中,它被用来指代“壮小伙子”。
)④根据工具名:When the war was over, he laid down the sword and took up the pen.9 arms 9 writing战争结束后,他放下武器,从事写作。
The pen is mightier than the sword. 文章胜武力。
9 books and writing 9 armed force(用“笔”指代“文章”,用“剑”指代“武力”。
)Only the knife can save him. 只有手术刀能够挽救他。
9 operation(用“手术刀”指代“手术”。
)⑤根据职业名:I could not hear the actors. 我听不见演员的台词。
9 the words of the actors(用“演员”指代“台词”。
)Some students were talking loudly in class that I could not hear the teacher clearly.一些学生在课堂上大声说话,我听不清老师的课。
the teacher's lecture8(用“老师”指代“老师的课”。
)⑥根据装东西的容器或容器里所装的东西:He is too fond of thebottle. 他太喜欢喝酒了。
9 wine(用容器“瓶”指代内含的物质“酒”。
)The kettle is boiling. 水开了。
9 the water in the kettle(用容器“壶”指代内含的物质“水”。
)His purse would not allow him that luxury. 他钱包里的钱不允许他那么奢侈。
9 the money in his purse(用“钱包”指代它里面所装的“钱”。
)Two beers, please. 请来两杯啤酒。
9 two glasses of beer (用内含的物质“啤酒”指代容器“杯”。
)⑦根据身体的部位:Brain drain. 人才流失。
9 talent(用“大脑”指代“人才”。
)But I was not one to let my heart rule my head. 我可不是那种让感情驾驭理智的人。
feelings or emotions 8 9 reason or good sense(用“心”指代“感情”,用“头”指代“理智”。
)Grey hairs should be respected. 老年人应该受到尊敬。
9 old people(“头发”是人体的一部分,其前加了形容词“灰白的”之后,具有一种象征意义,常用来指代“老年人”。
)⑧根据典型实物借代职业:He decided to enter the bar after college. 他决定大学毕业后当律师。
9 the legal profession(the bar原意是法庭围栏,现常用来指代律师职业)Members of the press weren't allowed into the combat zone. 新闻记者不准进入战斗区域。
9 newspaper reporters(the press原意是印刷机,现常用来指代新闻记者)He has been appointed to the bench. 他被委任为法官。
9 position of judge(the bench原意是法官的席位,现常用来指代法官。
)⑨根据制作某东西的材料:He had only a few coppers in his pocket. 他口袋里只有几个铜币。
9 coins(copper是制作coin的材料。
)She was dressed in silks. 她穿丝绸衣服。
9 silk clothes(silk是制作clothes的料子。
)⑩根据政府、工商企业的所在地以及事物活动的场所:the White House(白宫)→the U.S. government(美国政府)Wall Street(华尔街)→U.S. financial circles(美国金融界)Capitol Hill(国会山)→the United States Congress(美国国会)Foggy Bottom(雾谷)→U.S. State Department(美国国务院)Hollywood(好莱坞)→American film-making industry(美国电影业)Madison Avenue(麦迪逊大街)→American advertising industry(美国广告业)Downing Street(唐宁街)→the British government(英国政府)Fleet Street(舰队街)→The British press (英国新闻界)Down Under(对跖地)→Australia or NewZealand(澳大利亚或新西兰)The field was won after two hours of bloody fighting.9 the battle 经过2小时的浴血奋战,战斗取得了胜利。
(用“战斗场地”指代“战斗”。
)三、提喻(Synecdoche)的定义与用法:定义:用局部代替全体或全体代替局部,用属代替种或种代替属,用具体代替抽象或抽象代替具体的修辞手法叫做提喻。
(A synecdoche is a figure of speech that involves the substitution of the part for the whole or the whole for the part, and the substitution of the species for the genus or the genus for the species, and also the substitution of the concrete for the abstract or the abstract for the concrete.)用法:①以局部代全体:The poor man had six mouths to feed. 这可怜的人要养六口人。