The Republican Party candidates for the last two US presidential elections Mitt Romney
读写book 1第8,10课+book 2, unit 1 词汇(4)
Book 1, Unit 81. The sun _____ from behind the clouds.A) emerged B) immersedC) existed D) embraced2. I haven’t read the report properly --- I’ve only _____ into it.A) dined B) dimmedC) dipped D) dripped3. Her achievement was more _____ in that she had come from such a remote area.A) popular B) famousC) remarkable D) understandable4. Living in the central Australian desert has its problems, ____ obtaining water is not the least.A) for which B) to whichC) of which D) in which5. There may be a(n) ____ of truth in this idea, disagreeable though it may seem.A) element B) factorC) advantage D) concept6. I’d like to _____ a seat for the New Year’s Concert.A) preserve B) serveC) conserve D) reserve7. The story that follows ______ two famous characters of the Rocky Mountain gold rush days.A) concretes B) concernsC) proclaims D) relates8. He _____ the good chance to present his proposal to the director, and at last, it wasadopted.A) realized B) seizedC) delivered D) released9. They _____ in spite of the extremely difficult conditions.A) carried out B) carried offC) carried on D) carried forward10. Which sport has the most expensive training equipment, _____ players’ personalequipment and uniforms?A) in place of B) in terms ofC) by means of D) by way of11. Polar explorers have to be extremely _____ to endure the climate and otherhardships.A) rough B) giantC) progressive D) tough12. The librarian is _____ for all the books in the library.A) dutiful B) responsibleC) confident D) secure13. After answering an telephone from her boyfriend, she _____ herself to read abook.A) imposed B) composedC) transferred D) transformed14. Although he was getting on in years, his experience gave him a(n) _____ over hisrival.A) priority B) benefitC) profit D) advantage15. I am firmly _____ that this plan would do much good to our company.A) composed B) convincedC) recognized D) satisfied16. When talking about China, people often _____ it with the Great Wall.A) think B) associateC) imagine D) assist17. I’m sure he is up to the job ______ he would give his mind to it.A) if only B) in caseC) until D) unless18. I’ve _____ a lot of time and effort in this plan, and I don’t want it to fail.A) invented B) invitedC) invested D) involved19. A small terrorist group has ___________ responsibility for the bombing inBaghdad.A) claimed B) acclaimedC) exclaimed D) reclaimed20. For the currency to keep _____, the government has to adopt some strong measures.A) concrete B) fertileC) productive D) stable21. _____ your advice, I have decided to read the article once more.A) Acting as B) Acting uponC) Acting for D) Acting up22. We are doing this work in the _____ of reforms in the economic, social andcultural spheres.A) context B) contestC) pretext D) texture23. The meeting was in full ______ (活跃) when we arrived.A) rock B) swingC) swim D) sway24. Now the patient can _____ from the wheelchair to the seat with relative freedom.A) transport B) transplantC) transact D) transfer25. In human friendship an important _____ is “forgive and forget”.A) principal B) primaryC) principle D) chiefly26. The republication of the poet’s most recent works wi ll certainly _____ his nationalreputation.A) magnify B) enlargeC) enhance D) strengthen27. Important people don’t often have much free time as their work _____ all theirtime.A) takes away B) takes overC) takes up D) takes in28. With everything being ready, it is time to _____ our new plan _____.A) set … aside B) set … outC) set … in motion D) set … down29. While nuclear weapons present grave _____ dangers, the predominant crisis ofoverpopulation is with us today.A) inevitable B) constantC) overwhelming D) potential30. Mobile telecommunications _____ is expected to double in Shanghai this year as aresult of a contract signed between the two companies.A) possession B) potentialC) capacity D) impactUnit 101. Drug taking has become a major _____ in sports.A) issue B) viewC) argument D) case2. A lot of people find _____ art very difficult to understand.A) contemporary B) contentC) conscious D) consistent3. Philip was seized with a restlessness he could not account _______.A) of B) onC) about D) for4. The lecture was rather boring, but the _____ discussion on it proved fruitful.A) subsequent B) consequentC) latter D) successive5. When you buy the spare parts for your car, try to get the _____ ones from the authorized dealer.A) generous B) genuineC) genius D) gentle6. If you want to know the times of buses, please _____ at the office.A) require B) inspireC) inquire D) acquire7. Careful planning and hard work will _____ our final success.A) enclose B) ensureC) discharge D) deny8. The police have not yet found a possible _____ for the attack on the man.A) example B) understandingC) motive D) principle9. We need to ______ the purpose of the experiment again.A) clarify B) clingC) claim D) clap10. Only an artist could _____ the fine shades of color in the painting.A) polish B) purchaseC) perceive D) pursue11. Polar explorers have to be extremely _____ to endure the climate and otherhardships.A) rough B) giantC) progressive D) tough12. The librarian is _____ for all the books in the library.A) dutiful B) responsibleC) confident D) secure13. Could you be more specific about what is _____ this particular job?A) involved with B) concerned aboutC) involved in D) concerned in14. The d etective made a _____ search of the suspect’s house.A) whole B) thoroughC) deep D) solid15. Many years ago, a lot of factories were ______ from big cities to the mountainousareas in case of war.A) transferred B) transformedC) transmitted D) transported16. I am _____ to believe that he won’t come back to see his wife again.A) inclined B) puzzledC) accompanied D) performed17. This movie has a ______ ending. You can not imagine who will be killed finally.A) dramatic B) originalC) considerable D) temple18. The committee will suggest ways to _____ historically important buildings in thedowntown area.A) preserve B) reserveC) deserve D) observe19. Scientific discoveries are often ______ industrial production.A) applied to B) applied forC) used to D) used for20. They have always regarded a man of _____ and fairness as a reliable friend.A) robustness B) temperamentC) integrity D) compactness21.The people who objected to the new approach were told that since work hadalready started there was no point in _____.A) denying B) upsettingC) protesting D) competing22. He _____ to his customers and halved the price.A) leaked B) drewC) quoted D) yielded23. Doctors are often caught in a _____ because they have to decide whether theyshould tell their patients the truth or not.A) puzzle B) dilemmaC) perplexity D) bewilderment24. The industrial spy was about to hand _____the confidential papers to the foreignagent when he was caught.A) out B) overC) back D) down25. Do not _____ on the exam. It will do you no good.A) cheat B) botherC) trick D) deceive26. Although he was on a diet, the food ____him enormously.A) inspired B) temptedC) overcame D) encouraged27. Please don’t _____ too much on the painful memories. Everything will be all right.A) hesitate B) lingerC) retain D) dwell28. During the famine, many people were _____to eating grass and leaves.A) obliged B) inclinedC) reduced D) forced29. Many of the families do not have ______ to health care.A) excess B) processC) success D) access30. Most people found it hard to believe that such a seemingly _____ man shouldhave done that wicked thing.A) respectable B) respectfulC) respecting D) respectiveBook 2, unit 11. The government has devoted a larger slice of its financial ____ to agriculture than most other countries.A) conditions B) potentialC) budget D) economy2. The long drought caused a(n) ____ shortage of water in this region.A) urgent B) acuteC) dense D) rigid3. Many in the credit industry expect that credit cards will eventually ____ paper money for almost every purchase.A) trade B) replaceC) exchange D) reduce4. The history of life on earth has been a history of ____ between living things and their surroundings.A) introduction B) interviewC) interference D) interaction5. Don’t have him for a friend. He’s ____ a criminal.A) anything but B) but forC) rather than D) nothing but6. I’ve seen Donna in lots of movies, but I’ve never seen her ____.A) in person B) in realityC) in practice D) in theory7. The Democratic and Republican parties hold ____ every four years to choose candidates for President.A) concessions B) conservationsC) conversations D) conventions8. The annual income of one school teacher in this place was ____ at $900 on average.A) budgeted B) predictedC) assessed D) accounted9. Reading is a pleasant way to spend one’s ____.A) leisure B) relaxationC) relief D) recreation10. If you want to learn English well, you must first find a ____ teacher.A) able B) favorableC) significant D) competent11. Jane was the only one who ____ all the conditions: she was of the required age, height and degree.A) recovered B) fulfilledC) completed D) contended12. In the United Nations, many countries ____ the proposal to send more troops to the Middle East.A) turned down B) turned upC) turned off D) turned over13. There are several characteristics of the book ____ special attention.A) worthy B) worthy ofC) worth of D) worthless14. The consumption market in the western provinces will grow rapidly, ____ the market in the affluent (富饶的) eastern area is likely to grow at a moderate pace.A) nevertheless B) thereforeC) whereas D) consequently15. What one wears does not always ____ what one does but gives clues to one’s taste for life.A) go on B) go withC) go by D) go after16. It is ____ and encouraging to observe the development of this immense process.A) distressing B) incredibleC) amused D) fascinating17. It is reported that the two armies ____ near the borderline again before dawn.A) clashed B) crushedC) crashed D) flashed18. The manager gave one of the salesgirls an accusing look for her ____ attitude toward customers.A) serious B) mildC) hostile D) plain19. I am very much ____ to hear that Mr. Smith is so seriously ill.A) frightened B) frustratedC) disappointed D) distressed20. Louis Herman, at the University of Hawaii, has ____ a series of new experiments to determine the intelligence in some animals.A) installed B) formattedC) devised D) equipped21. There is supposed to be a ____ which serves to give full play to workers’ initiative.A) mechanics B) machineC) mechanic D) mechanism22. We should make a clear ____ between the two scientific terms for the purpose of our discussion.A) separation B) selectionC) distinction D) division23. My camera can be ____ to take pictures in cloudy or sunny conditions.A) treated B) adjustedC) adopted D) remedied24. It is highly desirable that every effort ____ to reduce pollution in Beijing.A) was made B) be madeC) will be made D) would be made25. After a thorough search, the police ____ most of the missing jewels.A) restored B) refreshedC) returned D) recovered26. The shy girl always left by the back door to ____ her neighbors.A) ignore B) neglectC) rid D) avoid27. I would appreciate ____ it a secret.A) your keeping B) you to keepC) that you keep D) that you will keep28. No matter what language they are learning children all seem to follow the same order in the ____ of sounds.A) inheritance B) acquisitionC) accumulation D) possession29. He came to the meeting ____ her serious illness.A) in case of B) in spite ofC) instead of D) on account of30. After she’d overc ome her ____ shyness, she became very comfortable and friendly.A) preliminary B) previousC) crucial D) initialBOOK 1Unit 8 1-10 ACCCA DBBCB11-20 DBBDB BACAD21-30 BABDC CCCCCUnit 10 1-15 AADAB CBCAC DBCBA16-30 AAAAC CDBBA BDCDABOOK 2Unit 11-15 CBBDDADCAD BABCB16-30 DACDC DCBBD DABBD。
英语国家概况：Chapter 10 Government(美国政府)
V . Foreign Policy 1. Neutrality 2. Containment and Intervention
Ⅰ. Constitution
ernment
CONTENTS
01
The Fcial system & state judicial system
Difference between federal court
and state court
Ⅲ. Political Parties
2022
Election
Ⅴ.Foreign Policy
Review Questions
foreign policy?
Thank you!
03 The Executive
3.1 Departments
3.2 Functions of The President
3.3 Qualifications of The President
3.4 White House
3.1 Departments
The executive branch consists of 15 departments and many independent agencies； Cabinet: major source of advice and assistance to the president President: the chief of the executive branch. First citizen & First Lady
T
III. Political Parties 1. Two-party system
新标准大学英语_综合教程3_课后答案unit 5
Unit5Active reading (1)Language points1 It was snowing heavily … not just to track down the last-minute presents, but to escape the bittercold … (Para 1)To track down means to find something or someone after a long search.At Christmas many people give a lot of thought to find the right gift and buy presents well in advance,others wait and buy something at the last opportunity on Dec 24th to buy the last-minute presents.A place in society Unit 51572 He was not yet enjoying the Christmas spirit ... albeit a working dinner at Joanne’s. (Para 2)The word albeit is used for introducing a comment that slightly changes or reduces the effect of a previousremark, like even if it is / although …3 He was from a hard-working family in upstate Virginia … (Para 2)The word upstate means the place is in the northern part of a particular state in the US.4 But his demeanor concealed a Harvard law degree and an internship in DC witha congressman, ajunior partnership in a New York law firm, along with a razor-sharp intellect and an ability to thinkon his feet. (Para 2)Partnership refers to the position of being one of two or more people who own a company as partners.A junior partner is a newer or younger partner who has less responsibility or fewer shares than a seniorpartner.A razor-sharp intellect is a very intelligent mind, which is quick to think and react; it is as sharp as a razor.The ability to think on one’s feet means being able to think quickly in unexpected situations.5 Senator Rogers was a Democrat … who knew Capitol Hill inside out but who had neverthelessmanaged to keep her credibility with her voters as a Washington outsider. (Para 3)To know something inside out means to know something very well.A Washington outsider refers to someone who is outside the central groups or members of political circlesin Washington and is therefore possibly independent.Senator Rogers was in her third term of office (ie she had been a senator for at least eight years) and sheknew the Senate and the government institutions in Washington thoroughly. Still, she had kept an imagewith voters that she was an outsider (ie she had not been affected negatively by knowing Washington toowell or by becoming too much like other politicians).6 She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions andanti-capital punishment, asfine a progressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic. (Para 3)The prefix pro- means in favour of something or someone. The prefix anti- means against. Pro-abortion,anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions and anti-capital punishment, all of these examples have beenseen as important political issues in the US, which are debated in political campaigns and thereforepoliticians are generally expected to take a position on them. For example, Senator Rogers was in favourof reducing carbon emissions – the output of CO2 into the atmosphere, because she was aware of thenegative effect of high emissions on climate change.A progressive liberal is someone who believes in social or political change if most people want it,especially change that makes a system fairer.The expression this side of the Atlantic refers to North America. The other side of the Atlantic would be inEurope, and vice versa for speakers in Europe.7 It was election time in the following year, and the word was she was going to run for the Democraticnomination. (Para 3)The expression the word was means there was s ome talk that …, or people were saying that …Unit 5 A place in society158The Democratic nomination here refers to the official approval of a candidate for the president bythe Democratic party. The nomination takes place officially during the Democratic convention beforea presidential election campaign. Up to that point, there are candidates who run or compete for thenomination, later the Presidential candidates run for President. There are parallel processes in theRepublican party.8 He’d never been to Joanne’s … which had often been maligned, or its jazz orchestra, which had aguest slot for a well-known movie director who played trumpet, but because of the stellar qualityof its sophisticated guests: politicians, diplomats, movie actors,hall-of-fame athletes, journalists,writers, rock stars and Nobel Prize winners – in short, anyone who was anyone in this city of powerbrokers. (Para 4)To malign means to say unpleasant things about something or someone, usually unfairly.A guest slot refers to a guest appearance as a particular occasion in a series of performances orprogrammes.The expression anyone who is anyone means any really important person or someone with a well-knownname.Power brokers are the people who control or influence which people get political power in an area.The sentence means he knew the reputation of the restaurant for its famous guests; its reputation was notfor its food or live music (which included a jazz orchestra in which a famous film director sometimesplayed). The guests included politicians, diplomats, actors, journalists, writers, musicians and scientists –anyone who is well-known in Washington, a city in which many people are powerful or influential in thegovernment.9 Inside, the restaurant was heaving with people. (Para 5)The expression heaving with people means crowds of people are pushing and pulling, moving up anddown.10 “Good evening Miss Bacall, good evening Mr Hanks,” and clicked his fingers to summon anotherwaiter to show them to their table. (Para 8)Miss Bacall and Mr Hanks may be oblique references to film stars Lauren Bacall and Tom Hanks.To click one’s fingers means to make a noise with one’s fingers as a signal to summon or call someone.11 The head waiter blinked, and swallowed hard. (Para 22)To blink means to close and open one’s eyes quickly. Here, this shows surprise.To swallow hard means to make a movement in the throat as if swallowing food. Here this showsembarrassment – Alberto realized he has made a mistake.12 In a classless society, Rogers was the closest thing to aristocracy that America had. (Para 23)America has a reputation for being classless, ie it doesn’t have such social classes as European countriesare supposed to have. This means that there are no people like aristocrats, but Senator Rogers was sodistinguished that she seemed like an aristocrat, or very nearly an aristocrat.13 Alberto hovered for a moment, then went to speak to a colleague. (Para 23) To hover means to wait or stay for a moment while somebody decides what to do. This shows that he orshe is unsure for the moment.A place in society Unit 5159Reading and understanding2 Answer the questions.1 Where and when is the story set?The story is set in Joanne’s, a famous restaurant in New York on Christmas Eve.2 Who is Josh?Josh is a smart, hard-working lawyer in his early thirties. He is anAfrican-American.3 Why does he go to Joanne’s?He has an appointment at Joanne’s.4 Who is Jo Rogers?Jo Rogers is a senior Senator in Washington and a well-known person in America.5 How does the head waiter greet Josh?He greets Josh very badly. He has a disdainful, superior attitude towards Josh and behaves rudely.6 Where does he eventually seat him?At the back of the restaurant, close to the bathroom, near a half-opened window through which an icybreeze is blowing.7 What does everyone do when Jo arrives?Everybody becomes silent and turns to look at her and greets her with silent applause.8 What suggestion does the head waiter make?He suggests that they should sit at a better table in the middle of the restaurant, from which she can seeeverybody, or everybody can see her.9 Does Jo accept the invitation?No, she says the waiter brought her friend to that table, so they will stay there.3 Choose the best summary of the passage.Teaching tipsAsk Ss to give reasons why the other two summaries are not the best ones. Please see comments below.1 It’s Christmas time, and a young man comes into a very busy restaurant. The head waiter shows him to atable by an open window. A little later a well-known politician comes in and says she is dining with theyoung man. The head waiter suggests moving them both to a more comfortable table, but the politiciandeclines the offer, saying that she’s happy to stay there if her friend is happy there too.Comment: It summarizes some of the points. But the final sentence is wrong: The Senator doesn’t giveany conditions about staying at the table, she just says they will stay where the waiter seated her friend.2 A well-known politician arranges a meeting with a young man. She wants him to help her in her electioncampaign to become US President. They arrange to meet in a crowded restaurant, where they can speakinformally. The waiter doesn’t recognize the young man, and seats him at the worst table in the room,but when the politician arrives he realizes his mistake, as he knows the two need to be comfortable todiscuss politics.Comment: This is partially wrong and fails to capture the main idea, they arrange to meet at Joanne’sbecause it is a famous restaurant.Unit 5 A place in society1603 When a young black man arrives in a crowded and expensive restaurant, the head waiter makes him sitin the least comfortable place, even though a table has been booked for him and a “Ms Rogers”. WhenMs Rogers arrives, the waiter realizes that she is a well-known politician; and Ms Rogers realizes thather friend has been treated badly because of the colour of his skin. The waiter realizes his mistake too,and tries to make up for it, but it is too late.Comments: This is the best summary because it captures the main point about the treatment of Josh.The passage does not actually state that he was treated badly because of thecolour of his skin, but it isimplied and in the context it is likely to be the point of the story. Dealing with unfamiliar words4 Match the words in the box with their definitions.Teaching tips• To vary the way of doing the activity, ask Ss to work in pairs. Student A randomly picks a word in thebox and asks Student B about the meaning. Student B listens and finds the appropriate answer amongthe definitions. The point is that Ss should interact with each other. For example:A: Can you tell me the meaning of “sophisticated”?B: Yes, just a moment … it means knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject.That’s No 3.A: OK, thanks. (writes 3 beside the word)• In order to give the class an example, T may ask one pair to repeat the dialogue to the class. Theyshould try to speak fluently.1 money or goods that you give to an organization, especially one that helps people (donation)2 involving or done with a lot of energy, effort, attention etc (intense)3 knowing and understanding a lot about a complicated subject (sophisticated)4 supporting social and political change that aims to make a system fairer (progressive)5 capable of doing something in a satisfactory or effective way (competent)6 a new member of a company or an organization, especially someone who has recently joined (recruit)7 to deliberately make someone feel frightened, especially so that they will do what you want (intimidate)8 to experience or deal with something, especially a problem (encounter)5 Complete the paragraph with the correct form of the words in Activity 4.There are two big political parties in the United States: the Republican party, which is traditionallythe more conservative of the two, and the Democratic party, which is said to be more (1) progressive.One of the most interesting and (2) intense moments in American political life is the election campaignwhich comes before the presidential elections. Both parties need a lot of money to pay for the campaign,for which they rely on (3) donations made by individuals and organizations. Theyalso need a lot of new(4) recruits to work on the campaign. These people are usually young, intelligent and hard-working,(5) competent in their jobs and not easily (6) intimidated, since they are likely to (7) encounter a lot ofproblems which have to be resolved quickly. But they also need to be highly (8) sophisticated, to beable to understand what the American people want, and to communicate with them through the style andorganization of the election campaign.A place in society Unit 5161Additional activityWhen Ss have completed Activity 5, ask them to work in pairs and prepare a brief presentation forCultural Encounters, a slot in a Chinese TV show which gives insights into other cultures around theworld. Each pair should discuss and think of an interesting way to present the information in Activity 5, eg tomake it an interview, a conversation, or a monologue to the camera. Ss will need to introduce the informationand make conclusions using their own words. Choose one or two pairs to make presentations. For example:A: And now it’s time for Cultural Encounters, a brief look at cultures around the world. Today we sharesome insights into election campaigns in the US … I am with Miss Xie who is from Washington DC,the city at the heart of American politics. So, Miss Xie, can you tell us about the two main politicalparties?B: Yes. There are two big political parties ...A: And what about the election campaigns?B: The election campaigns are certainly one of the most interesting and intense moments in Americanpolitical life ...A: And I gather the parties use volunteer recruits?...A: Well, that’s all for now. Thank you very much, Miss Xie. Please join us again next time for CulturalEncounters when we will be taking a look at the Brazilian carnival in Rio de Janeiro …6 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words in the box. You may need to makeother changes.1 She’s a pleasant young woman, who is always very good company. (agreeable) She’s an agreeable young woman, who is always very good company.2 I’m afraid the reasons he gave me for not coming to the meeting were silly and unreasonabe. (laughable)3 It is important to fight dishonest and illegal behaviour by officials. (corruption)4 It’s freezing out here, I’m shaking with cold. (shivering)5 You might find someone to help you in the office, but I’m not sure. (doubtful)6 The attendant moved his shoulders up to suggest that he didn’t know the answer. (shrugged)7 Don’t be so annoyed because the service is slow, you won’t miss your flight. (impatient)8 The sound of people clapping at the end of the Senator’s speech lasted for five minutes. (applause)7 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.Teaching tipsAs an efficient way to go over the answer, choose nine Ss and assign each one a number. Each studentthen gives the answer in the form of a complete sentence. T just calls out the numbers and say nothingunless there is a problem.1 If you track down something, do you (a) find it, or (b) lose it after a long search?2 Does someone who thinks on their feet make decisions (a) quickly, or (b) slowly?3 If you know something inside out, do you know it (a) only in part, or (b) very well?4 If you are in the running for a job, do you have (a) some chance, or (b) no chance of being chosen?5 Is a hall-of-fame athlete someone who will be (a) quickly forgotten, or (b) remembered for a long time?6 If the market is heaving with people, (a) is there a crowd of people there, or (b) are there not manypeople there?Unit 5 A place in society1627 If you summon someone, do you want them to (a) come to see you immediately, or (b) go away?8 If you refrain from doing something, do you (a) do it, or (b) not do it?9 If there is a flurry of activity, do a lot of things happen (a) all at once, or (b) over a long period of time?Active reading (2) Language points1 The company sent one of their engineers … where he was introduced to a small Saudi engineeringfirm … (Para 1)The word Saudi is the adjective about the country of Saudi Arabia, used to describe the people and relatedmatters, but not the language. Its language is Arabic, spoken as the major language in the Middle East andNorth Africa.2 This annoyed Johan nesson and his superiors … but the Saudis wanted the intermediary to be there.(Para 1)An intermediary is a go-between (Para 4, Line 6), someone who talks to each of the people or groupsinvolved in business or other matters, usually passing information from one to the other or trying topersuade them to agree with each other. So this person mediates between them.3 Just when Johannesson’s superiors started to doubt the wisdom of the corporation’s investment inthese expensive trips, a telex arrived from Riyadh ... (Para 2)To doubt the wisdom means people are not at all sure about the judgment or decision.4 When he came to Riyadh it appeared that the conflict was over a minor issue and could easily beresolved … (Para 3)A conflict could be resolved. Apart from resolving a conflict, other collocations worth noting are thatconflicts can be solved, settled or handled. Problems can lead to, create or provoke conflicts or become asource of conflict, and conflicts might be avoided, averted or prevented. Unit 5 A place in society1685 This is known in cultural anthropology as the extended family. (Para 5) The extended family is usually the wider family members of a married couple and children, withgrandparents and perhaps uncles, aunts and in-laws who live together or are in regular contact. The nuclearfamily (Para 6, Line 9) is a married couple and their children only, in the classical definition in sociology.6 The “we” group is distinct from other people in society who belong to “they” groups, of which thereare many. The “we” group (or in-group) is the major source of one’s identity …(Para 5)The in-group is the “we” group to which people feel they belong to first for their identity. Thecomplementary group is the out-group or the “they” group to which the in-group may sometimes beopposed, or at other times the in-group is just a tighter group within many larger out-groups.Reading and understanding3 Choose the best answer to the questions.1 Who was Johannesson?(a) A businessman with good contacts in Saudi Arabia.(b) An engineer who lived in Saudi Arabia.(c) An engineer working for a Swedish company.(d) A 30-year-old Swede with a British university degree.2 Why was he sent to Saudi Arabia?(a) To work for a Saudi engineering firm.(b) To work on a project funded by the Saudi government.(c) To take the place of a Swedish engineer who was already there.(d) To learn about Saudi customs and traditions.3 Why wasn’t he happy about the meet ings with the Saudis?(a) The Saudis spent too much time laughing and joking.(b) The trips to Saudi Arabia were long and tiring.(c) The Saudi brothers didn’t speak good English.(d) Another Swedish man was always present.4 What happened after the contract was signed?(a) Johannesson lost his job with the Swedish corporation.(b) The Swedish businessman returned to Sweden.(c) The attitude of the Saudis towards Johannesson changed.(d) The Swedish corporation stopped doing business in Saudi Arabia.5 Why was Johannesson sent to work in a different division?(a) As a reward for getting the contract with the Saudis.(b) Because he wasn’t suited to work with the Saudis.(c) Because he had become too friendly with the Saudis.(d) Because he had got too frustrated by the experience in Saudi Arabia.6 Why was he asked to return to Saudi Arabia?(a) The corporation wanted him to start a new project.(b) There was a lot of new work to do so two people were needed.(c) The engineer who replaced Johannesson fell ill and had to go home.(d) The Saudis trusted only Johannesson to sort out a small problem.A place in society Unit 51694 Work in pairs and answer the questions.1 Why don’t Saudis like doing business with a company?They want to work with an individual that they know and trust.2 Which type of group is a company: a “we” group or a “they” group?A company is a “they” group unless it is a small company.3 What type of family is there in a collectivist society?Families in co llectivist societies are usually “extended”, ie they consist of a larger number of peopleliving closely together.4 How does an in-group give people protection from the hardships of life? By being a focus of loyalty and through the help that members give to each other.5 In what type of society is there nuclear family?In individualist societies.6 Why aren’t people supposed to be dependent on a group in an individualist society?They are supposed to be able to stand on their own feet.Dealing with unfamiliar words5 Match the words in the box with their definitions.1 support that you always give to someone or something because of your feelings of duty and lovetowards them (loyalty)2 to give someone the ability or opportunity to do something (enable)3 a company that sells the same goods or services as another company (competitor)4 a written legal agreement between two people or businesses that says what each must do for the other orgive to the other (contract)5 the control and operation of a business or organization (management)6 money used in a way that may earn you more money (investment)6 Complete the conversation with the correct form of the words in Activity 5.A Does your company do a lot of business abroad?B Yes, it does. We’ve recently signed a number of (1) contracts in the Middle East.A So you’re making a major (2) investment in that area?B Yes, we are. We also have a lot of (3) competitors in our line of business, so it won’t be easy.A Have you ever thought of working for one of them?B Not really, I’ve got a certain amount of (4) loyalty to my own company. I think that I’ve been treatedrather well by the (5) management. And if things go well, the new project I’m working on should(6) enable me to get promotion quite quickly.Additional activityActing on the radioWhen Ss have completed the activity, tell them it is time to perform as radio broadcasters. Ask them toread the whole conversation in pairs with as much fluency as they can, like reading a radio script. Later,Unit 5 A place in society170after Ss have practised for a short time, ask one pair to perform to the class. T has to introduce theirperformance as an extract from a radio script. Finally, ask the class for any comments: Did it sound like aradio broadcast? How could the actors improve their reading?7 Replace the underlined words with the correct form of the words and expressions in the box. You mayneed to make other changes.1 These 2,000 words form the most basic part of the English language. (core)2 Some British people think belonging to the European Union is vital to the UK’s national interests.(membership)Some British people think membership of the European Union is vital to the UK’s national interests.3 The process of sending the books may take up to two weeks. (delivery)The delivery of the books may take up to two weeks.4 They said they would cancel the contract if they weren’t paid by next Thursday. (threatened)They threatened to cancel the contrac t if they weren’t paid by next Thursday.5 Can’t you see the positive side? You always spend time talking about the bad things. (dwell on)6 Your inner strength will enable you to overcome life’s obstacles. (prevail over)Additional activityVocabulary challengeThis activity aims to encourage Ss to use the words in Activity 5 and Activity 7 productively. Ask Ss towork in pairs and think about the words in the box. Ask them to make one sentence that includes all thewords in the box. After a brief period of time, ask a few pairs to tell the class their examples. The classlisten to each example carefully and check whether all the six words are used. Finally, the class decidewhich is the best sentence and might be said in the appropriate context – thismeans Ss have to imagine apossible context. And ask some Ss to repeat the best sentence.Example 1 (Activity 5):Several competitors all wanted the contract, but the management felt particular loyalty to just oneinvestment company so they enabled that company to win the contract. Example 2 (Activity 5):Personally, I don’t think you should enable your friend to make an investment just because of loyalty toa company with bad management; rather she should make the investment with a competitor and have aproper contract.Example 3 (Activity 7):I really don’t wish to dwell on the way the manager threatened to change the delivery date of the corematerials, because your arguments about membership of the trade organization prevailed over what hewas suggesting.Example 4 (Activity 7):We prevailed over our competitors who belong to the core membership of the European Union when theythreatened to dwell on endless discussion about the delivery of new services.8 Answer the questions about the words and expressions.1 Does an intermediary try to get two people or groups to (a) agree, or (b) disagree with each other?A place in society Unit 51712 Is your successor in a job the person who comes (a) after, or (b) before you?3 If you have been nominated for a job, have you been (a) formally, or (b) only informally appointed?4 Is a go-between someone who (a) takes messages between two people, or (b) prevents them fromcommunicating?5 Is an individualist someone who (a) is, or (b) isn’t dependent on other people?6 If you can stand on your own feet, can you (a) look after yourself, or (b) see further than most people?7 Does parental advice come from (a) the government, or (b) your mother and / or father?Reading and interpreting9 Choose the best way to complete the sentences.1 The story in the passage is an example of (b) .(a) a clash between two people with very different personalities(b) the difference between an “individualist” and a “collectivist” approach to business(c) the problem which occurs when people do business in a foreign language(d) a failure to do business2 The fact that most people in the world live in collectivist societies means(c) .(a) people don’t like to be alone(b) people need a lot of help to bring up their children(c) putting the needs of a group first helps protect the individual(d) people are taught not to stand on their own feet3 An “in-group”, or “we” group is (c) .(a) people who work for the same company(b) other people of your own age in society(c) the group which gives you your identity(d) a group you choose to belong to4 Children in collectivist societies (b) .(a) grow up in small families(b) are likely to be very loyal to their family(c) prefer having a lot of people to help look after them(d) are controlled by their family5 Children in individualist societies (b) .(a) are unlikely to have many playmates(b) are likely to leave home when they become adults(c) find it difficult to have relationships with other people(d) think of themselves as members of a groupLanguage in useword formation: pro- and anti-1 Look at the sentence from the passage Dinner at Joanne’s and answer the questions.She was pro-abortion, anti-corruption, pro-low carbon emissions andanti-capital punishment, as fine aprogressive liberal as you could find this side of the Atlantic.1 If she was pro-abortion, was she in favour of or against the possibility of having an abortion?She was in favour of the possibility of having an abortion.。
新视野大学英语(第三版)读写教程BookIV-Unit6-A-The_weight_men_carr
Word Study
Video Watching
Jotter
A. Background Information
Text Reading Extr. & App. Essay Writing Further Dev.
The Republican Party (4) Republicans generally advocate socially and politically conservative policies. For instance, they do not believe in a large federal government. They oppose labor unions. They expect people to take advantage of the fact that they are in a free society and, as such,
Word Study
Video Watching
Jotter
A. Background Information
Text Reading Extr. & App. Essay Writing Further Dev.
The Republican Party (5) expect them to make wise, responsible decisions for themselves. The strongholds of the Republican Party are referred to as “red states”, which are mainly in the South, the regions of the Great Plains and the Rocky Mountains.
美英政体比较及其优缺点
1.Perhaps the most fundamental difference is the constitution - orthe lack of one. The United States has a written constitution which is very difficult to change. The UK does not have a single document called the constitution but instead its constitutional provisions are scattered over various Acts of Parliament, any of which can be changed by a simple majority in the Parliament.2.In the United States, political discourse frequently makesreference to the constitution - typically Republicans arguing that Democratic initiatives are 'unconstitutional'. Besides the fact that the UK does not have a constitution as such, it is rare for British politicians to argue that the actions or proposals of their opponents are illegal or ultra vires.3.In the United States, the flag holds special place in the politicalheart of the nation and people sing to it. In Britain the flag is rarely prominent at political events.4.In the USA, blue signifies states held by the Democratic Party, themore left-wing. In the UK, blue identifies the Conservative Party, the more right-wing.5.In the USA, red signifies states held by the Republican Party, themore right-wing. In the UK, red identifies the Labour Party, the more left-wing.6.In the United States, the Democratic and Republican Partiesabsolutely dominate federal and state elections with independents securing only small proportions of the vote. In the United Kingdom, the two main political parties - Conservative and Labour - win a smaller and declining share of the total vote, with a growing share being taken by the likes of the Liberal Democrat Party and the UK Independence Party at national level and by the likes of theScottish and Welsh Nationalist Parties at the devolved level. 7.In America, the term 'conservative' means really right-wing,especially on social issues. In Britain the name 'Conservative' means mainstream right-wing, especially on economic issues.8.In America, the term 'liberal' generally means quite left-wing. InBritain, the name 'Liberal' means broadly centrist.9.In the States, it is considered necessary for a politician toemphasize their patriotism. In Britain, it is assumed that anyone who wants to run for national office cares for his or her country.10.In the States, virtually every political speech seems to mentionGod, especially in the final call "God bless America". In Britain, no politician mentions God and none would think of inviting Him to show a special preference for his or her nation state.11.In the US, politicians frequently refer to their position on socialissues like abortion and homosexuality. A British politician wouldthink it unnecessary and inappropriate to talk about such issues unless asked.12.In the US, politicians constantly talk about the problems and theaspirations of the middle class. In the UK, politicians tend to talk more on the needs of the working class.13.So many political speeches in the US include the phrase "my fellowAmericans". In British political terminology, there is simply no equivalent phrase.14.Few American political speeches make much use of facts and figures.Many British political speeches use figures to highlight problems and make comparisons with the policies or the performance of one's opponents.15.In the States, there are currently some outstanding politicalspeakers, led by Bill Clinton and Barack Obama. In Britain, there is no politician who can be so inspirational, although Tony Blair at his best came close (but he's gone).16.The American general election effectively lasts almost two years,starting with the declaration of candidates for the primaries. The British general election lasts around four weeks.17.In an American general election, the states that might go to oneparty or the other are known as 'swing states'. In a British general election, constituencies that might go to one party or another are called 'marginal constituencies' (where three parties are each in contention - which is not unknown - it is called 'a three-way marginal').18.American elections depend on vast sums to purchase broadcastingtime. Parties and candidates in British elections cannot buybroadcasting time.19.In the States, almost 40 million television viewers watched theConvention speeches of Barack Obama and Sarah Palin. No party conference speech in Britain would attract more than a few million.20.In an American presidential election, turnout is typically around50%, although in the 2008 election it was over 60%. In the UK, turnout used to be around 75% but more recently has fallen to around 60%.21.In the United States, the transition period between the electionof a new president and that person's inaugration is two and half months. In Britain, the changeover of Prime Ministers is virtually immediate - within hours of the election result, one person leaves10 Downing Street and within the following hour the successor entersit.22.In the US, government is highly partisan with the Presidentappointing to the executive colleagues who are almost exclusively from within his own party. In the UK, government is normally equallypartisan with all Ministers coming from the governing party but, in 2010, exceptionally the Conservatives were required to go intoa coalition with the Liberal Democrats and grant them 17 ministerialpositions.23.In the United States, the incoming President and his aides make atotal of around 7,000 political appointments. In Britain, the Prime Minister appoints around 100 members of the Government and members of the Cabinet each appoint a couple of Special Advisers, so the total number of political appointments is around 150.24.In the United States, no Cabinet member is allowed to be a memberof the Congress because of the strict theory of the separation of the powers. In Britain, every Government Minister must be a member of one of the two Houses of Parliament and, if he or she is not already in the Parliament, he or she is made a peer.25.In the United States, all the most senior appointments are subjectto confirmation hearings and votes in the Senate. In Britain, there is no procedural method of challenging the appointment of aparticular Minister although, in theory, the Opposition could movea vote of no confidence in the appropriate House of Parliament.26.In the USA, the Secretary of State is (arguably) the most seniormember of the Cabinet and in many countries would be known as the Foreign Secretary. In Britain, the political head of eachGovernment Department is called Secretary of State and so almost every member of the Cabinet is a Secretary of State.27.In the United States, the incoming President's inaugural addressis a highly public and prestigious affair. In Britain, the new Prime Minister simply sets out his or her vision for the country in a speech to the House of Commons on the subject of the Queen's Speech which opens the new session of Parliament.28.In the USA, the term of a President, Senator or Congressman is knownprecisely as four years, six years and two years respectively and the dates of the elections are fixed. In the UK, the term of members of the House of Commons - and therefore of the Government - is legally a maximum of five years but a Prime Minister can call a general election whenever he or she wishes and it has beenconsidered 'cowardly' to wait the full five years and so theelection is more typically after around four years.。
国家概况 填空
1.British national flag is also called __________. (The Union Jack)2.On the National Emblem of British, there are two animals,______ and __________. (lionand unicorn)3.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in __1914_____, but the process was overtaken ___the WWI ___ and was suspended for the duration of the war.4.what is “the IRA” (short for the Irish Republican Army, was a revolutionary militaryorganization engaged in the unification of Ireland)I. Filling the blank.1.In United Kingdom，five titles of nobility: Duke,Marquis,Earl,Viscount,Baron2.The name of the present Queen in UK is：Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor3.Buckingham Palace has been the main home of the sovereign since Queen Victoria.1. If a government loses a vote of no confidence in the House of Commons, it has to resign.2. National Health Service was established by the Labour government in 1948, providing health acre for all the people.3. People who do unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work are likely to be described as lower middle class.1.There are three major parties in the UK: the Conservative party, the Liberal Democrats andthe Labour party_.2.The distinction about the British class-system, and which marks it as different from theAmerican or Chinese social structure, is that it has also retained a _ hereditary.3.Most of the recent immigrants come from _ South Asian ______ countries such as India,Pakistan and Lanka; and __ Caribbean__countries such as Jamaica and Trinidad.A.Coronation Street is a British television soap opera. It was first broadcast on 9 December 1960. The show has been on the air for over 52 years.B.British newspaper culture is unusual in the extend to which class and educational difference are reflected in the newspapers people read.C.The quality newspapers carry more serious and in--depth articles of particular political andsocial importance.3.In common with British society, the Irish recognize the pub as a place to gather to meet friends and neighbors on an infomal basis.1.The FA stands for （Football Association）2.Phrases like “on a sticky wicket” and “playing with a straight bat” are associated with thesport of ( cricket )1.Children in Britain must receive a full-time education legally from the age of __five___ to __sixteen___.2.Parents from the wealthier middle class prefer to send their children to _private_____ schools so as to have better education.prehensive schools provide a general education, teaching students everything from _academic____ subjects like literature and science to more __practical___ subjects like cooking and carpentry.1 _The “Guardian”____ is regarded as the most left-wing newspaper in Britain.2 The media is affected by _ the Official Secrets Act ____, a legal act which stipulates that all government information is kept secret unless the government says it can be released.3 Britons often refer to newspaper culture as _“Fleet Street”____.3. People usually dress up and show off their fashionable clothes and elaborate hats for the social event called ___the Royal Ascot_pared with football______is a more gentle game sport and which owes its origin to the church.(tennis)2. There are two kinds of horse racing:steeplechase and ____.(flat racing)3.Golf is invented by _______.(Scottish)1.Many Muslims in Britain observe a traditional Islamic festival called_ Ramadan _duringwhich nothing can be eaten or drunk between dawn and nightfall.2.For church goers it is_ Easter ___, not Christmas, which is the most important ChristianFestival.3.Traditionally, people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on _ Boxing Day___, which is the day after Christmas.1.The full name of the present Queen in UK is -----? Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor2.-------, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829.King Egbert.3.In medieval times, kings would summon a group of wealthy barons and representatives ofcounties, towns and cities—called _____ to raise money. Great Council1. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral structure in the world.2. The British colonization of Australia began in the 18th century.3. The Dreaming refers to belief systems of the indigenous people of Australia.1. The risk of fiercer and more widespread bushfires, threatening both households and farming regions is increased by ____________. (climate warming)2. Under the White Australia Policy, immigrants to Australia had to take a test in _________, the failure of which would be given the status of _________. (a European language, prohibited immigrant)3. ___________ was organized by an aboriginal university graduate to go to the outback of Australia to raise people’s consciousness about the level of racism. (The Freedom Rides)1.The UK is divided into ( ) constituencies with each of them represented by a member in ( ).650, the parliament.2.If a government loses a ( ) in the House of Commons, it has to resign.3.Vote of no confidence.,4.There are three major parties in the UK ( ), the Labor party and ( ).The Conservative party, the Liberal Democratic party.1._____. The ancestor of the present Queen, ElizabethⅡ, united England under his rule in829. King Egbert2.In the 18th century, King GeorgeⅠleft the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of hisministers who later came to be called _______. The prime minister3.In Britain, the official head of state is _____, while the real centre o political life is in ______.The Queen; the House of Commons1.Critics show that “going to the pictures” is still one of the most popular forms of theentertainment in Australia.2.In Australia, the Immigration Restriction Act was passed in 1901.3.In Australia, the Governor-General is the representative of the British Monarch.1 The Republic of Ireland is still overwhelmingly of ____Roman Catholic_1.Britain’s special relationship with the United States is another major factor whichinfluences the British foreign policy.2.Britain’s physical isolation has long been reduced by the development of airlines andmore recently by the opening of the Channel Tunnel.3.According to the author, Britain is a parliamentary democracy, so the government’sforeign policy in theory represents the desires of its electorate.1.The FA stands for __Football Association__.2.There are two kinds of horse racing: flat racing and _steeplechase_.pared with football _tennis_ is a more gentle sport which owes its origins to the Church.1.There are _THREE_ major historical stages in Australia’s relationship with the rest of theworld.2.At present, the Australian economy now depends primarily upon its other two major sectors:the resources and _service_ industries_.3.The concept of _Sustainable Tourism_ now gives strength to debates about how to “SellAustralia”.is the national flower of England RoseIn the Middle Ages, the boar was the favourite quarry, and later the wolf, nowadays the_________. foxes、The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in , but the process was overtaken by and was suspended for the duration of the war. (1914 the First World War)8、To pursue Irish independence, the most spectacular event in the Irish history was of 1916, in which the rebels 9occupied Dublin’s post office and forced the British to take it back by military means. (East Rising)9、The Good Friday Agreement, known also as , emerged on 10 April 1998. (Belfast Agreement)Children in Britain must receive a full-time education legally from the age of_____ to_______ ( 5 to 16 )8、Comprehensive schools provide a general education, teaching students everything from______ subjects like literature and science to more_____ subjects like cooking and carpentry. (academic, practice)9、In Britain, people can go to the_______ without having any formal educational qualifications. (Open Universities)1.The UK is divided into 650 constituencies with each of them represented by a member in the parliament.2.If a government loses a “vote of no confidence” in the House of Commons, it has to resign.3.The Liberal Democrats are regarded by many people as comparatively flexible and pragmatic in their balance of the individual and the social.Many Muslims in Britain observe a traditional Islamic festival called Ramadan, during which nothing can be eaten or drunk between dawn and nightfall.“The Jewel in the Crown” of the Britain Empire _India_, which provided raw materials and a big market for Britain goods, gained independence in 1947.Since 1945,the UK economy has experienced relative decline rather than absolute decline.Glaxo-Wellcome is the biggest drug company in the world while ICI is the second largest paint manufacturer in the world.Young indigenous women were forced to help the white settlers in (sealing), which was one of the first industries of Australia.(2). Neville Shute’s most popular novel (The Thorn Bird) was made into a major TV miniseries.(3). Shadow Cabinet is made up of the members of the major party (in opposition ).The (official) IRA believed that they had made enough progress so that they could concentrate on a political process, and run candidates for election.2. Sinn Fein, the legal( political party), supports the IRA’s right to fight, its leader spoke of a twin campaign for union with Ireland, both political and military, which is known as the policy of (the Bullet and the Ballot Box).3. The good Friday Agreement, known also as (the Belfast Agreement).1.In____, New year’Eve called Hogmanay (December 31st) is the major wintercelebration.(Scotland)The “Guardian”_____ is regarded as the most left-wing newspaper in Britain.2 The media is affected by __the Official Secrets Act ___, a legal act which stipulates that all government information is kept secret unless the government says it can be released.3 Britons often refer to newspaper culture as ___“Fleet Street”__.1.Children in Britain must receive a full-time education legally from the age of __five___ to __sixteen___.2.Parents from the wealthier middle class prefer to send their children to _private_____ schools so as to have better education.prehensive schools provide a general education, teaching students everything from _academic____ subjects like literature and science to more __practical___ subjects like cooking and carpentry.People usually dress up and show off their fashionable clothes and elaborate hats for the social event called ___the Royal Ascot_. The Great Barrier Reef is the largest coral structure in the world.2. The British colonization of Australia began in the 18th century.3. The Dreaming refers to belief systems of the indigenous people of Australia.1.The FA stands for___Football Association1.The full name of the present Queen in UK is -----? Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor2.-------, the ancestor of the present Queen, Elizabeth II, united England under his rule in 829.King Egbert.3.In medieval times, kings would summon a group of wealthy barons and representatives ofcounties, towns and cities—called _____ to raise money. Great Council3.In common with British society, the Irish recognize the pub as a place to gather to meet friends and neighbors on an infomal basis.1.Coronation Street is a British television soap opera. It was first broadcast on 9 December 1960. The show has been on the air for over 52 years.2.British newspaper culture is unusual in the extend to which class and educational difference are reflected in the newspapers people read.3.The quality newspapers carry more serious and in--depth articles of particular political and social importance.Many Muslims in Britain observe a traditional Islamic festival called____ Ramadan1.___during which nothing can be eaten or drunk between dawn and nightfall.For church goers it is_Easter2._____, not Christmas, which is the most important Christian Festival.Traditionally, people gave Christmas gifts or money to their staff or servants on ____ Boxing Day ___, which is the day after Christmas.1.One of the most notable markers of the way the EU membership has changed Ireland is the status of woman.2.The population in 1845-1848 (time) in Ireland reduced due to starvation, disease and emigration, the main reason is the Great Famine/ the Great Hunger.3.The social stratification (阶级) in Ireland is based solely on birth, wealth ,education and law. 1.Magna Carta is still regarded as Britain's key expression of the right of citizens against the Crown.2.In 1689 Parliament passed the Bill of Right , which ensured that the king would never be able to ignore Parliament .3.Strictly speaking, the Parliament today consist of the Queen, the House of Lords and the House of Commons.1.National Health Service was established by the Labor government in 1948,providing health care for all the people.2.One distinctive feature about the class system in Britain is that it still retains a hereditary aristocracyIn the examination called "the 11 plus", students with academic potential go to grammar schools.2 If a student wants to go to university in Britain，he will take the examination called__________General Certificate of Education—Advanced___.3 1994 Education act made entry to secondary school and universities meritocratic Horse racing is a major British industry and takes two forms—flat racing,and steeplechasing3Pastoralists often used their legal power as magistrates to force labourers to work hard.3.Under the Whitlam government” god save the queen’ was replaced by _（advance Australia fair ）__as Australian national anthem.1，Easter is the chief Christian holiday, which celebrated the ____of Christ( Resurrection)I. 1. Britain’s three most popular activities are watching TV, listening the radio and readingnewspapers .2. The quality newspapers carry more serious and in-depth articles of particular political and social importance.3. The News of the World, which began published in 1843, is considered as one of the tabloids.In United Kingdom，five titles of nobility: Duke,Marquis,Earl,Viscount,Baron2.The full name of the present Queen in UK is：Elizabeth Alexandra Mary Windsor3.Buckingham Palace has been the main home of the sovereign since Queen Victoria.1.The FA stands for ____________________. Football Association2.Phrases like “on a sticky wicket”and “playing with a straight bat”are associated with thesport of ______. cricket1. The risk of fiercer and more widespread bushfires, threatening both households and farming regions is increased by ____________. (climate warming)2. Under the White Australia Policy, immigrants to Australia had to take a test in _________, the failure of which would be given the status of _________. (a European language, prohibited immigrant)3. ___________ was organized by an aboriginal university graduate to go to the outback of Australia to raise people’s consciousness about the level of racism. (The Freedom Rides)（填空）The biggest social event associated with horse racing is_______.正确答案：the Royal AscotIt is commonly believed that Boxing Day involves the sport of boxing. F on boxing day people gave Christmas gifts to their staffs or servants.1) On Federation in 1901, Australia became an independent colony but until the 1940s it had little control in the field of (foreign affairs).(2) The concept of (“Sustainable Tourism”) now gives strength to debates about how to debates about how to “Sell Australia”.(3) (The Australian Workers Union), which was a racist organization against the aboriginal people, supported the Gurindji people’s nine-year strike.People who do unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work are likely to be described as ---------class. (lower middle )本填空题考查的是不同阶级的阶级特点，课本中答案（However there is a hazy area around unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work which leads to sub-divisions such as "lower middle--class" being used.Compared with football______is a more gentle game sport and which owes its origin to the church.(tennis)2. There are two kinds of horse racing:steeplechase and ____.(flat racing)3.Golf is invented by _______.(Scottish)1._______ refers to the way people live: the patterns and normal expectations of their lives aspassed within a certain place. (Culture)2.Today the Irish educational system is among the ______ and best in Europe. (cheapest)3.In modern times alone, the Republic of Ireland has been the home of ______ winners of the_________ for literature. (four; Nobel Prize)(1). Apart from birth and wealth, education was one important marker of status in Irish tradition.(2). The availability of an educated labor force is a major incentive for foreign companies to set up their facilities in Ireland.(3). The Government acts collectively and is responsible for Irish Parliament.If a government loses a vote of no confidence in the House of Commons, it has to resign.2. National Health Service was established by the Labour government in 1948, providing health acre for all the people.3. People who do unskilled office work and skilled well-paid manual work are likely to be described as lower middle class.1.British national flag is also called __________. (The Union Jack)2.On the National Emblem of British, there are two animals, ______ and __________.(lion and unicorn)3.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in _______, but the process was overtaken___________ and was suspended for the duration of the war. (1914 the WWI)1.Critics show that going to the picture is still one of the most popular forms of entertainment inAustralia.2.Shadow Cabinet is made up of the members of major party in opposition3.The Prime Minster and the cabinet are the centre of Australian parliamentary power.Term1.British national flag is also called __________. (The Union Jack)2.On the National Emblem of British, there are two animals, ______ and __________.(lion and unicorn)3.The Home Rule Bill was finally passed in _______, but the process was overtaken___________ and was suspended for the duration of the war. (1914 the WWI)4.1.The UK is divided into ( ) constituencies with each of them represented by a member in ( ).650, the parliament.2.If a government loses a ( ) in the House of Commons, it has to resign.3.Vote of no confidence.,4.There are three major parties in the UK ( ), the Labor party and ( ).The Conservative party, the Liberal Democratic party.1._____. The ancestor of the present Queen, ElizabethⅡ, united England under his rule in829. King Egbert2.In the 18th century, King GeorgeⅠleft the job of chairing cabinet meetings to one of hisministers who later came to be called _______. The prime minister3.In Britain, the official head of state is _____, while the real centre o political life is in ______.The Queen; the House of Commons。
美国政治相关知识英语作文
美国政治相关知识英语作文American Politics: Understanding the Complexities。
The United States of America is a country that is known for its democracy and political system. However, the American political system is complex and can be difficult to understand. In this essay, we will explore the intricacies of American politics and the key players involved.The American political system is a federal system, which means that power is divided between the national government and the state governments. The national government is divided into three branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch. The legislative branch is responsible for making laws, the executive branch is responsible for enforcing laws, and the judicial branch is responsible for interpreting laws.The legislative branch is made up of two chambers: theHouse of Representatives and the Senate. The House of Representatives has 435 members, and each member represents a congressional district. The Senate has 100 members, with each state having two senators. The legislative branch is responsible for passing bills, which are then sent to the president for approval.The executive branch is headed by the president, who is elected every four years. The president is responsible for enforcing laws and serving as the commander-in-chief of the military. The executive branch also includes the vice president and the cabinet, which is made up of the heads of various government departments.The judicial branch is headed by the Supreme Court, which is made up of nine justices. The Supreme Court is responsible for interpreting the Constitution and ensuring that laws are constitutional.In addition to the federal government, each state has its own government, which is responsible for governing within its borders. The state government is also dividedinto three branches: the legislative branch, the executive branch, and the judicial branch.The American political system is also characterized by a two-party system, with the Democratic Party and the Republican Party dominating national politics. However, there are also third-party candidates who run for office, although they rarely win.One of the key players in American politics is the media. The media plays a crucial role in shaping public opinion and influencing political outcomes. The media also serves as a watchdog, holding politicians accountable for their actions.Interest groups are another important player in American politics. Interest groups are organizations that advocate for specific issues or causes. They can be powerful influencers in the political process, using their resources and influence to shape policy.In conclusion, American politics is a complex systemthat involves multiple levels of government, three branches of government at the federal and state levels, and a two-party system. The media and interest groups also play important roles in shaping political outcomes. Understanding these complexities is essential for anyone who wants to participate in American politics or simply wants to be an informed citizen.。
英语国家概况2作业答案
英语国家概况（2）作业答案作业1Explain the following terms:1.The Declaration of IndependenceThe Declaration of Independence was mainly drafted by Thomas Jefferson and was adopted by the Congress on July,1776,when the people of 13 English colonies in North America were fighting for their freedom and independence from the British colonial rule. The document declared that all men were equal and that they were entitled to have some unalienable rights such as life, liberty and the pursuit of happiness . It also explained the philosophy of governments: the powers of governments came from the consent of dthe governed and the purpose of governments was to secure the rights mentioned above. The theory of politics and the guiding principles of the American Revolution mainly came from John Locke.2. Columbus's discovery of AmericaChristopher Columbus, an Italian sailor, believed that by sailing west from Europe he could reach the East. In 1492, he persuaded the Spanish monarchy to support his voyage . He landed on one of the Bahama Islands in the Caribbean Sea and thus discovered the New World . Based on his voyage, the Spanish King claimed the territory of the Americas and later conquered the native Americans and establisheda huge empire.3. the Bill of RightsThe Bill of Rights consists of the first 10 amendments which were added to the Constitution in 1791.The Bill of Rights was passed to guarantee freedom and individual rights such as freedom of speech, the right to assemble in public places, the right to own weapons and so on.4. the making of the U.S. ConstitutionThe Articles of Confederation failed . The Congress decided to hold a constitutional convention to revise the Articles of Confederation. The delegates from 12 states (Rhode Island refused to participated) gathered in Philadelphia in 1787 and ended up in writing a new constitution and set a federal system with a strong central government. The Constitution provided that an election of the president would be called, federal laws would be made only by a Congress made up of the House of Representatives and the Senate and a Supreme Court would be set up. This new Constitution was finally aproved by the majority of the citizens in over 9 of the 13 was officially put into effect in 1787.5. Industrial Revolution in AmericaAfter independence, America was principally an agricultural country .The Industrial Revolution in England brought many changes to American industry between 1776 and 1860. One key development was the introduction of the factory system. A second development was the "American system "of mass production . A third development was the aplication of new technologies to industrial tasks. A fourth development was the emergence of new forms of business organization--- the bank and the corporation..Fill in the blanks:1. Virginia, 16072. Puritans3. The American Revolution4. the stamp tax , the tea tax5. Philadelphia6. 1787 , George Washington7. the executive , the judical8. 269. Alexander Hamilton10. the Democratic Party, the Republican party , conservativeAnswer the following questions:1.George Washington, Thomas Jefferson, John Adams2. A.The growth of capitalism; B. The Renaissance;C. The Religious Reformation3. A. challenging the authority of the Pope; B. salvation through faith;C. establishing a direct contact with God.4. A. the Bill of Rights B. the judicial reviewC. the political party system5. the Democratic Party, the Republican Party6. I Have a Dream7. The legislative8. A. The new states did not cooperate with the Congress or with each other.B. The Congress could not raise money to pay the national army and to pay debtsowed to France and other nations.C. The Congress had no fpower to tax any citizen.9. Firearms industry10. tobacco and vegetable oil作业2Explain the following terms:1.“WASP” culture“ WASP” , which stands for White Anglo-Saxon Protestant, is believed to be the basis of mainstream culture of the United States.2.American characteristics of religionThe Bill of Rights of the U.A. Constitution provides that there is no state religion and that church and state must be separated. American religious beliefs continue to be strong with social progress. In the United States, every church is a completely independent organization and concerned with its own finance and its own building. There has been little concentration on doctrine or religious argument such as in European history.3.Leaves of GrassA collection of poems written by Walt Whitman. It is a ground-breaking book. Whitman used free-flowing structures and long irregular lines in his poetry. He ventured beyond traditional forms to meet his need for more space to express the American spirit. In one of the poems “Song of Myself”he dwelt on himself because he saw himself as a prototype of “The American”.4. Mark TwainMark Twain is the pen name of Samuel Clemens He was one of the greatst American writers. He captured a peculiarly American sense of humor. He represented a new American Voice. His major work was The Adventures of the Huckleberry finn(1884) which has been called the greatest novel in Amecans Literature5．The Servicemant’s Readujstment ActThe Servicemen’s Readjustment Act was passed in 1944/ It was soon popularly called the GI Bill of Rights. GI was a nickname for the American soldier. The nickmane came from the abbreviation for “Government Issue”--- the uniforms and other articles “issued “to a soldier. The Act promised financial aid , including aid for higher education to members of sthe armed forces.Fill in the blanks:1. Ireland Italy2. the Protestant , the Catholic , Jewish3. First Amendment4. The Jungle5.“the Lost Generation”6.The Grapes of Wrath7.85 , 15cation, 139.tuition, governmentAnswer the following questions:1.Protestant , Catholic , Judaism2.J.F Kennedy3. A. for having a place in a community B. for identifying themselves with dominantvalues.C. for getting dtogether with friends.4. Kohn Dos Passos , Ernest Hemingway , F.Scott fitzgerald5. Stephen Crane , Jack London , Theodore Dreiser6. Ralph Waldo Emerson , Henry David Thoreau7. Mathematics , languages, science , social studies, music, physical education8. Harvard University, Yale University, Princeton University9. A. attending lectures and complete assignments, B. passing examinationsC. earning a certain number of credits at the end of the four years at college.10. A. they have high school records and recommendations from their teachersB. they make good impressions during the interviewsC. they get good scores in the Scholastic Aptitude Tests作业3Explain the following terms:1.the Civil Rights MovementOne of the most important of all social movement in the 11111960s U.S. history. Rosa Parks’spontaneous action in 1955 was believed to be the true beginning of the civil rights movement. The black students’sit-in at a department lunch counter in ffBorth Carolina touched off the nationwide civil rights movement. During sdthe first half of the decade, civil rights organizations like SNCC, CORE, and SCLC struggled for racial integration sfby providing leadership, tactics, network and the people. In the latter half of dfthe decade, some black organizations changed their sdfnonviolent tactics, and emphasized on more radical means to end discrimination and raised the self fmage of fthre blacks. The civil rights movement produced such great leaders ad Martin Luther King, Jr., and MalcolmX., who inspired a dgeneration of both blacks and whites to devote their lives to fighting for racial equalityk in the U.S.2.Martin Luther King,Jr.Martin Luther king, Jr., an atlanta-born Baptist minister, was the leader of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference during the civil rights movement of 1960s. to promote his philosophy of nonviolent protest against segregation and other kinds of social injustice, King organized a series of “marches”, including the March on Washington of fAugust, 1963, when King delivered his famous “I Have a Dream” speech As a civil rights leader, King worked not only to end racial discrimination and poverty, but also to raise the self imagde dof the blacks. Due to his strong belief in nonviolent peaceful rotest, King wa awarded the Bobel Peace Prize in 1964. He was assassinated in the city of Memphis in April 1968.3.socially stratified American societyAmerican society is a stratified one in which power, wealth and prestige are unequallydistributed. It is divided into social classes that have varying degrees of access to the reward the society offers. For example, the richest fifth of American individuals and families owns more than three-quarters of the wealth in the United States, whereas the lowest fifth owns only 0.2% of fthe wealth. The richest fifth of American families receives over 40% of the national income, whereas the poorest fofth receives only 5.2%.4.The American System of ManufactureThis is the system of using assembly line for mass manufacture of products. The system originated in John H Hall’s idea of producing weapons using interchangeable part, was developed into the science of management by Frederick W Taylor, and was first successfully used on a large scale by Henry Ford in the production of Model T. The system significantly lowers unit cost and makes less demand on the skill of workers. On the other hand, it has ben blamed for making work dreary, mindless and alienating5.Thomas Alva EdisonThomas Alva Edison is a well-known American inventor. Among his many inventions are: electric lamp, phonograph, motion pictures and parallel circuit.Fill in the blanks:1.Greensboro, sit-ins2.the youth anti-war, the women’s movement3.Southern Christian Leadership Conference, Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee , theCongress of Racial Equality4.Rosa Oarks5.the blacks, 11.7%(12%)6.male, young, a member of racial minority7.Nixon8.mechanical reaper , Cyres H Mccormick9.Stevens,10.The Pony Express SystemAnswer the following questions:1.Ku Klux Klan2.They resented traditional white male values in U.S. society3.The “Hippies”4. A. Blacks felt that the black community ought to coexist with other groups.5. B.Blacks felt that “black is beautiful”.C.Blacks felt more and more proud of themselves.6. bribery, tax evasion, false advertising7. A. Racial prejudice against themB. Low social status of these groups.C. Poverty and unemployment among minority groups8. A. There is a strong association between drug use and crimeB. Drug dependence takes a significant toll in terms of personal health and safetyC There are great economic losses because of drug abuse9. Telegraph10. Henry Ford作业4Explain the following terms:1.Y ellowstone National ParkThe Y ellowstone National Park is the oldest and one of the largest national parks in the US. It is named after the river that flows through the area. It is known for its geysers and hot springs. One of the most famous of the geysers is the Old Faithful.2.The Grand Canyon National ParkThe Grand Canyon National Park is America’s most famous scenic wonder. It is a huge gorge slowly carved away for nearly 6 million years by the waters of the Colorado River. The canyon is so deep that there are 4 distinctive zones of climate from top to bottom. Located in Arizona, it attracts over 4 million visitors each year. The Park was established in 1908 by President Theodore Roosevelt.3. Super BowlSuperbowl is the name of final match of American Football, which decides the champion team for the year.4. NBANBA stands for Bational Basketball Association . Founded in 1950, it is the association of professional teams in the US. It has two divisions : the Eastern Division and Western Division.5. jazz musicEarly jazz music first appeared in the Southern city of New Orleans at the end of the 19th century. It was a blend of folk music, work chants, spirituals, marches, and even European classical music. A defining mark of this early New Orleans jazz was that a group of musicians improvising their notes in changing chords around a specific melodic line. All jazz bands use such instruments as a trumpet, a clarinet, a trombone , and percussion instruments like the drum, banjo, and guitars. Jazz deveoped into the 1920’s with two different ly, the Chicago style jazz and the New Y ork style, each style having its own formost jazz musiciansFill in the blanks:1.Florida Keys, Key West, Earnest Hemingway2.glaciers3.Hollywood, Los Angeles4.American Football Conference , National Football Conference5.offensive, defensive6.Eastern Division , Western Divisionrry Bird, Magic Johnson8.African- American9.cakewalk , blue10.SatchelmouthAnswer the following questions:1.The Rocky Mountainske Plac id3. a well-known football athlete4.Baseball5. Technical foul6. A. It initially appealed to young and rebellious.B. Jazz musicians worked Indian American music into the musicC. Jazz music was made modified and became more refined7.Blues refers to a type of slow, sad music from the Southern U.S. , from the city of Bew Orleans. The Blues is derived from a blend of field chantey and spiritual--- a form of hymn singing prevalent in African-American Christian churches. The tradition of the vocal ballad usually accompanied by a guitar, also contributed to the blues form. The music of the blues has a peculiar, poignant sadness. The lyrics of the blues pieces are sardonic filled with wry, self-deprecating humor8.The origin of the chicago style jazz.。
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The Republican Party candidates for the last two US presidential elections Mitt Romney and John McCain have denounced thefront-runner for this year's nomination Donald Trump. Mr. Romney described him as a bully and a conman who was unfit to lead the country. Mr. Trump has hit back. He said Mitt Romney was a disastrouscandidate in the last presidential race. Barbara Plett Usher reports. The Republican establishment is finally saying that we've really got to do something. So you got this intervention by Mitt Romney which I think is the most high level one so far, but you also have others beginning to speak as senator John McCain. The House speaker Paul Ryan has made somestatements you got, Business leaders getting together to pump millions into a political action community that is going to put out attack ads against Mr. Trump. The math is what they're trying to do is to stop him from getting enough votes to outright get the nomination before the national convention in July.The North Korean leader Kim Jong-un has told the country's military leaders they must be ready to fire nuclear weapons at a moment's notice. The remarks follow the imposition of new UN sanctions in response to a North Korean nuclear test and rocket launch in January. Here's Stephen Evans. According to the Korean Central News Agency, Kim Jong-unsaid as he inspected rocket launches his military should bolster its nuclear force both in quality and quantity and get nuclear warheads on standby to use preemptively. This kind of blood-curdling rhetoric is not unusual. And outside experts doubt that North Korea has yet got the ability to make a bomb small enough to put on a feasiblemissile though it does appear to be moving steadily towards that goal.A group of major high-tech companies has supported Apple in its legal battle with the FBI as the authorities seek to access encrypted data on an iPhone used by the Islamist militant behind December's killing spree in San Bernardino California. Dave Lee reports.Twitter, Airbnb and Ebay are among the companies offering support to Apple in their case. The 17 tech firms jointly filed an amicus brief, a mechanism by which individuals or companies can offer their view on a case they feel affects them even if they're not explicitly involved. Apple also has the support of the husband of victim AniesKondoker who survived being shot three times in last year's attack. However several other victims'families are believed to be backing the FBI. Its director James Comey early this week maintained Apple is overstating the security risk in unlocking the iPhone.The president of the European Council Donald Tusk has said it could be time to turn backmigrant boats trying to reach Greece. During a speech in Ankara, he said it was up to Turkey to decide how to reduce the flow. World news from the BBC.The Brazilian Supreme Court has decided that the speaker of the Lower House of Congress Eduardo Cunha must face corruption charges. Mr. Cunha is accused of accepting bribes on contracts for two drilling ships leased by the state oil company Petrobras. Here's Julia Carneiro. The Supreme Court's decision means that Eduardo Cunha will now face trial which might have happened much sooner were it not for his privileges as a sitting politician. The bribe allegations emerged months ago, but his power as the speaker ofthe Lower House had him escaped. He was the one who accepted impeachment proceedings against President DilmaRousseff last December. A weak-ened Eduardo Cunha is good news for president Rousseff, but just as she still has to decide whether Cunha should step down while facing trial, so he could still cause problems for the president.Princess Cristina of Spain has testified for the first time at her trial for alleged ex-fraud. Her husband InakiUrdangarin is accused of using his royal connections to generate business income they used for extravagant private spending. She said he had been in charge of all the family expenses. Each one of us had our own professional activities and he was incharge of the economic side of the household.I was trying to coordinate the family agenda, my own business, our family and also my institutional duties. Both have denied any wrongdoing.Ukraine's foreign minister has said that talks trying to resolve the separatist conflict in the east of the country have ended without a breakthrough. PavloKlimkin is speaking after meeting his French, German and Russian counterparts in Paris.Jamaica has sworn in a new prime minister. He's Andrew Holness, a former education minister and leader of the Jamaican Labor Party. Mr. Holness will be governing with the slim one seat majority. BBC news.。