高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧

高考英语阅读理解的猜词技巧猜测词义，是指在阅读过程中根据对语篇提供的信息、行文逻辑、背景知识及语言结构等的综合理解去猜测或推断某个生词、难词、关键词的词义。

英语词语的意义非常丰富，语境不同，词义也就不同。

所以解决此类题目要掌握一定的猜词策略。

I.根据上下文语境进行猜测例1.(2002年全国卷，B篇)“Organic produce is always better，”Gold said，“The food is free of pesticides(农药)，and you are generally supporting family farms instead of large farms. And more often than not it is locally(本地)grown and seasonal，so it is more tasty.” Gold is one of a growing number of shoppers buying into the organic trend，and supermarkets across Britain are counting on more like him as they grow their organic food business62.What is the meaning of “the organic trend”as the words are used in the text？A.growing interest in organic foodB.better quality of organic foodC.rising market for organic foodD.higher prices of organic food例2.(2003年全国卷,C篇)Fermat's Last Theorem(定理).First put forward by the French mathematician Pierrede Fermat in the seventeenth century，the theorem had baffled and beaten the finest mathematical minds，including a French woman scientist who made a major advance in working out the problem，and who had to dress like a man in order to be able to study at the Ecole Polytechnique.65.Which of the following best explains the meaning of the word “baffle” as used in the text？A.To encourage people to raise questions.B.To cause difficulty in understanding.C.To provide a person with an explanation.D.To limit people's imagination.例3.If he thinks he can invite me out, he is all wet. I don’t like to be with him.A. drunkB. sweatingC. happyD. mistaken练习：1.A deaf and dump guy went into a hardware store to ask for some nails.2. The climate of the west coast is the most moderate in Canada, summers are cool and fairly dry and winters are mild, cloudy and wet. Even in mid-winter, the temperature is usually above freezing.3. All the houses in the city collapsed during the earthquake.4. For people who live within a stone’s throw from the office to be late to work is unforgivable.5. The conflagration was so fierce that with just a few second是one could see towering flames where the house had stood and the smoke which filled the sky could be seen for miles and miles.（二）根据定义或解释猜测词义1.(2006年福建卷，A篇) The schools are reluctant to take time off--even teachers with tickets for the England-Argentina game had trouble getting the day off.59.The underlined word“reluctant”in the passage may probably mean_______.A. kindB. unwillingC. freeD. careless2.Some ships carried cargo such as coal, oil and military supplies(军用物资),while others carried only passengers.练习：1.Yet, shopkeepers may have to spend extra hours to deal with problems, such as shoplifter, who always take away things from the shop without paying for them.2.The best football, basketball and tennis players can become professional that means they will have a career in sports and will get money when they play.3.Kleptomania is an illness of the mind that gives a person the desire to steal.4.The word “lefty” means a person who uses his or her left hand for writing, eating and other jobs.5.Doctors recommended that everyone exercise every day, particular those who spend many hours doing sedentary activities like reading, typing or sewing.6.A person who has the SARS （非典型肺炎）may have symptoms like coughing and a high temperature. （三）根据反义词或反义关系例如：One idea about business is that it can be treated as a game of perfect information. Quite the reverse, business polite, life itself is games which we must normally play with very imperfect information.A. Quite right.B. Time enough.C. Most unlike.D. Just the opposite.练习：1.Unlike the Unite States where many different nationalities make up the population, Japan’s population is quite homogeneous.2. Thousands of people got stuck in lifts. But no one panicked, we passed the time telling stories.3. Most of us agreed; however, Gary dissented.4. He is homely, not at all as handsome as his brother.(四). 根据同义词或近义词关系练习：1.Not every historic mansion, church, battle site, theatre and other public halls can be preserved.2.We should, therefore, learn to choose our words carefully and use them accurately, or they will make our speech silly and vulgar.3.Their friends laughed at them, and my sister felt wretched, very unhappy.（五）根据构词法猜测词义例如：Exhibition officials said that a person bitten by one of these snakes would need at least 80ml of an anti-poison medicine to be saved.练习：1.Iran quake leaves city flattened.2.When men and women lived by hunting 50,000 years ago, how could they even begin to picture modern life?3.The aging of population will affect American society in many ways----education, medicine and business.（六）根据上下文的指代关系进行猜测Demands for pigeon-delivered money stopped as soon as the press reported the story.And even if they start again，Chen holds little hope of catching the criminal.“We have more important things to do，”he said.52.The underlined word“they”in the last paragraph refers to____.A. criminalsB. pigeonsC. the stolen carsD. demands for money（七）利用例证性线索You can take any of the periodicals: The World of English, Foreign Language Teaching in School, or English Learning.练习：1.Many United Nations emloyees are polyglots: Mr.Simpson, for example, speaks five languages fluently.2.The largest player---Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Rental Center offers a wide variety of choices---Deluxe Sedans, Minivans, Station Wagons, Coaches, Santana Sedans are the big favorite.3.When writing an article, we often use similes, such as “brave as a lion” and “quick like lightning”.（八）根据转折、因果关系进行猜测例如：(2005年北京卷，D篇)However obvious these facts may appear at first glance，they are actully not so obvious as they seem expect when we take special pains to think about the subject.71.In paragraph 3，“take special pains”probably means“_____”.A.try very hardB.take our timeC.are very unhappyD.feel especially painful实战练习：2006年安徽卷 C…Lions are opportunists. They prefer to eat without having to do too much work. …If another animal has made a kill, they will drive it off and take the kill for themselves.64. By describing lions as “opportunist” in the first paragraph, the author means to say that lions____.A. are cruel animalsB. are clever animalsC. like to take advantage of other animalsD. like to take every chance to eat2006年上海卷C…Analyzing the law of the talion---an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth---William Ian Miller presents an original thinking over the concept of “pay back.”73. The word “talion” in introducing the book Eye for an Eye is probably a concept of______.A. medicineB. tradeC. avengingD. striving2006年天津卷 CSome children are natural-born bosses. They have a strong need to make decisions, manage their environment, and lead rather than follow. …“Examine the extended family, and you’ll probably find a bossy grandparent, aunt, uncle or cousin in every generation. It’s an inheritable trait,” said Russell Barkley, a professor…44. The underlined phrase “inheritable trait” in Paragraph 2 means _____.A. inborn natureB. developed characterC. accepted theoryD. particular environment 2006年湖南卷 E…When she was still in her early 30s, publishing essays in such important magazines as partisan Review, she appeared as the symbol of American cultural life, trying hard to follow every new development, Sontag walked at the latest edges of world culture.71. The underlined sentence in Paragragh 1 means Sontag _____.A. was a symbol of American cultural lifeB. developed world literature, film and artC. published many essays about world cultured.D. kept pace with the newest development of world culture72.The largest player –Shanghai Bashi Tourism Car Center offers a wide variety of choices, such as deluxe sedans, minivans, station wagons, coaches. Santana sedans are the big favorite of the tourists.The words "deluxe sedans," "minivans" and "station wagons" used in the text refer to ____.A. cars in the makingB. car rental firmsC. cars for rentD. car makersI feel that since you are my superior（上司）, it would be presumptuous of me to tell you what to do .The word "presumptuous" is closest in meaning to "____" .A．full of respect B．rude and too confidentC．lacking in experience D．too shy and quiet73. A good teacher works in quite a different way. His audience take an active part in his play: they ask and answer questions, they obey orders, and if they don't understand something, they say so.The word "audience" in the paragraph means ____.A. studentsB. people who watch a playC. people who act on the stageD. people who listen to something74. When some kind of pain killer(止痛药）was brought out recently, researchers found that the colours turned the customers off because they made the product look weak and ineffective（无效的）.The underlined part "the colours turned the customers off" means that the colours_______Attracted the customers stronglyHad weak effects on the customersTricked the customers into shoppingCaused the customers to lose interest75.. Collins decided that she must go, although the hazards of the trip were many, for example, the unbearable heat , the possibility of getting lost , the presence of wild animals and poisonous snakes ."hazard" means ___________________A. pleasure,B. problem,C. danger,D. attraction76. In a culture which values only the winner and pays no attention to the ordinary players, they strongly blame competition. Among the most vocal are youngsters who have suffered under competitive pressures from their parents or societyThe underlined phrase "the most vocal" means______A. Those who try their best to winB. Those who value competition most highlyC.Those who are against competition most stronglyD. Those who rely on others most for success。