上海市闵行区2016-2017学年度高三等级考第一次质量调研生命科学试卷
2017年上海市普通高中学业水平考试生命科学试题及答案
2017年上海市普通高中学业水平考试生命科学试卷考生注意：1、试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2、本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第一部分全部为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，包括填空题和简答题等题型。
3、答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、选择题（共80分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1.某同学从花鸟市场买了一盆幸福树，养了一段时间后发现老叶的叶脉缺绿。
他上网查阅资料得知这是因为叶绿素合成受影响导致的，如果要解决这个问题，给幸福树施加的营养液中应富含A. Na+B. Mg2+C. Ca2+D. Cl-2.原核细胞和真核细胞都有的细胞结构是A. 核膜B. 核糖体C. 线粒体D. 内质网3.下列化合物中，与葡萄糖的元素组成完全相同的是A. 纤维素B. 蛋白质C. 核酸D. 磷脂4.安装于目镜（16X）中的测微尺在低倍物镜（10X）和高倍物镜（40X）视野中每小格代表的长度分别为6.71 μm和1.68 μm。
在高倍物镜下测量到某细胞长度为10小格，则该细胞实际长度为A. 67.1 μmB. 16.8 μmC. 0.671 μmD. 0.168 μm5.图1是烟草花叶病毒的示意图，该病毒的遗传物质是A. DNAB. RNAC. 蛋白质D. 氨基酸6.科学家在西伯利亚冻土层发现保存完好的猛犸象肌肉组织，为―复活‖猛犸象，科学家构想将其肌肉细胞的细胞核注入亚洲象的无核卵细胞中，在体外培养成胚胎后植入代孕母象，这一构想所使用的技术属于A. 诱变育种技术B. 克隆技术C. 单倍体育种技术D. 杂交育种技术7.图2为氨基酸的结构通式。
组成人体蛋白质的氨基酸有20种，这些氨基酸的差异主要体现在A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④8.图3为细胞膜的结构模式图，图中序号与其所示化合物正确对对应的是A. ①脂肪酸B. ②蛋白质C. ③糖链D. ④磷脂9.用―×‖表示―不需要‖，―√‖表示―需要‖。
2017届闵行区高三化学一模(附答案)
闵行区2016学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试化学试卷可能用到的相对原子质量：H-1 O-16 Al-27 Fe-56一、选择题（本题共40分，每小题2分，每题只有一个正确选项）1．工业上生产乙烯、丙烯的主要方法是（）A．裂化B．干馏C．分馏D．裂解2．熔点最高的晶体是（）A．干冰B．食盐C．碳化硅D．金刚石3．原子的种类取决于（）A．质子数B．质量数C．质子数和中子数D．原子序数4．化学式能表示物质分子组成的是（）A．CCl4B．SiO2C．NaOH D．NH4Cl5．用浓盐酸配制l∶l(体积比)的稀盐酸(约6mo1/L)100mL，应选用的定量仪器（）A．量筒B．滴定管C．100mL容量瓶D．50mL容量瓶6．将Na、Na2O、NaHSO4、CCl4、C2H4、Si分别加热熔化，需要克服的作用力有（）A．3种B．4种C．5种D．6种7．下列溶液中通入SO2一定不会产生沉淀的是（）A．Ba(OH)2B．Na2S C．Ba(NO3)2D．BaCl28．分离混合液①乙酸乙酯和乙酸钠溶液②乙醇和丁醇的方法依次是（）A．分液、蒸馏B．萃取、蒸馏C．分液、萃取D．蒸馏、萃取9．常温下，由水电离的c(H+)=1×10－13mol/L的溶液中一定不可能大量存在的离子是（）A．NH4+B．HSO3－C．AlO2－D．Fe3+10．16O中的“16”表示的含义是氧元素的（）A．相对原子质量B．近似相对原子质量C．某种同位素质量数D．某种同位素质子数11．不能说明醋酸是弱电解质的是（）A．醋酸溶液导电性差B．醋酸溶液中存在醋酸分子C．醋酸钠溶液呈碱性D．0.1 mol/L醋酸溶液的pH=2.912．有关实验叙述不正确的是（）A．滴定管、容量瓶和分液漏斗使用前都要检漏、干燥B．胆矾结晶水含量测定时，需用小火缓慢加热，防止晶体飞溅C．配制体积比1:1的稀盐酸（约6mol/L）需要量筒、烧杯、玻璃棒即可D．滴定前滴定管尖嘴内有气泡，终点读数时尖嘴内无气泡，所测体积偏大13．反应A2(g)+B2(g) →2AB(g)的能量变化如图所示，叙述正确的是（）A．该反应是放热反应B．加入催化剂，(b－a)的差值减小C．每生成2molAB分子吸收bkJ热量D．若反应生成AB为液态，吸收的热量小于(a－b)kJ第1页(共6页)14．室温下，pH＝4的盐酸和pH＝10的氨水等体积混合后，所得溶液的pH值（）A．一定大于7 B．一定等于7 C．一定小于7 D．可能大于715．实现Al3＋＋3A1O2－＋6H2O→Al(OH)3↓，正确的做法是（）A．向铝盐溶液中不断加入小苏打B．向偏铝酸钠溶液中不断滴加盐酸C．向烧碱溶液中不断滴入铝盐溶液D．向铝盐溶液中不断滴入烧碱溶液16．右图是模拟铁的电化学防护装置，不正确的叙述是（）A．此装置属于原电池B．此装置中电子从铁经导线流向锌C．此装置中的铁极上发生还原反应D．该电化学防护法称为“牺牲阳极阴极保护法”2B(g)+E(g)-Q(Q>0)，达到平衡时，要使正反应速率降低，A的浓度增大，应17．反应2A(g)A．缩小体积加压B．扩大体积减压C．增加E的浓度D．降温18．120 mL含有0.20 mol碳酸钠的溶液和200 mL1.5 mol/L盐酸，①将前者滴加入后者，②将后者滴加入前者。
闵行区高三年级生命科学试题20160420
闵行区2015学年第二学期高三年级质量调研考试生命科学试卷考生注意：1．全卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上用钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔将学校、姓名及准考证号填 写、涂清楚。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
一．选择题（共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1．下列关于生物体内有机物的叙述，正确的是 A ．蛋白质区别于脂质的特有元素是氮 B ．蛋白质是生物体主要的能源物质 C ．核酸与遗传、变异、催化等有关 D ．蔗糖和乳糖水解的产物都是葡萄糖 2．下列有关真核细胞结构与成分，对应有误的是 A ．细胞膜：脂质、蛋白质、糖类 B ．染色体：核糖核酸、蛋白质 C ．核糖体：蛋白质、核糖核酸 D ．纺锤体：蛋白质 3．右图为某同学利用紫色洋葱鳞片叶作为实验 材料，观察植物细胞质壁分离与复原的基本操 作步骤。
下列相关叙述中错误的是A ．第二次观察(d)和第一次观察(b)形成对照， 第三次观察(f)和第二次观察(d)形成对照B ．实验中用显微镜主要观察原生质层和细胞壁的位置、液泡的颜色和大小等C ．如果将蔗糖溶液换成浓度适宜的KNO 3溶液，则可以省略e 过程D ．增大蔗糖溶液的浓度，实验效果会更明显且不影响细胞的活性4．专一性是许多生物化学反应或生理过程的一种特性，下列物质或细胞参与的过程或反应不具有专一性的是A ．洋葱根细胞膜上的载体B ．限制酶C ．巨噬细胞的吞噬作用D ．神经递质 5．将等量甲、乙两种植物的不同器官放在不同颜色光下 照8小时，结果如右表。
决定光合作用是否发生的因素是 A ．光的颜色 C ．植物种类 B ．温度 D ．植物器官 6．在培养真细菌的实验过程中，“温度”的控制合理的是 A ．必须在37℃下才能获得单菌落 B ．可在28℃下培养 C ．倒平板时应该让温度降到40℃ D ．对培养基灭菌时应该是121℃ 7．下图表示植物细胞内光合作用、呼吸作用中[H]的转移过程。
2017年上海市普通高中等级性考试生命科学试卷-答案
2017年上海市普通高中学业水平等级性考试生命科学答案解析 一、选择题1.【答案】B2.【答案】C3.【答案】B4.【答案】D5.【答案】A6.【答案】C7.【答案】A8.【答案】C9.【答案】A 10.【答案】D 11.【答案】B 12.【答案】C13.【答案】B14.【答案】D15.【答案】A16.【答案】D17.【答案】C18.【答案】D19.【答案】C20.【答案】C二、综合分析题（一）细胞和细胞分裂21.【答案】D22.【答案】磷脂、蛋白质23.【答案】D24.【答案】ABCD25.【答案】DNA 含量差异：X 1的DNA 含量是X 3的1/2________________ ___________细胞核形态差异：X 1有核膜、核仁、染色质，X 3核膜核仁解体消失，染色质螺旋化为染色体意义：X 1有利于DNA 的精确复制和转录，X 3有利于染色体的移动、遗传物质的平均分配（二）生命活动调节26.【答案】A27.【答案】外负内正28.【答案】B29.【答案】ABC30.【答案】AC31.【答案】对照组：电磁波基本不影响对照组的血糖变化实验组：在45min 之前，电磁波使实验组血糖显著上升，而在45min 后趋于稳定（三）人类遗传病32.【答案】隐33.【答案】X 高34.【答案】XY35.【答案】基因检测/基因诊断36.【答案】ACD（四）生物技术及生命科学的应用37.【答案】某分泌型脂肪酶编码基因（或LP ） EcoR138.【答案】沉淀39.【答案】优：固定化酶的活性随温度升高而升高，在45-60℃时酶的固定化活性最高。
劣：在30-40℃时，固定化酶的活性比非固定化酶活性低。
（五）光合作用40.【答案】类囊体 ② 2O 2CO41.【答案】30℃42.【答案】2CO 是光合作用的原料，2CO 浓度为1.2-1.6 olL 时，有利于光合作用，温度为26℃ 时，光合作用的酶活性高，呼吸作用的速率酶活性低，光合速率显著上升43.【答案】方案一合理：图中2CO 浓度为1.4-1.6mol/L ，30℃时，光合速率大且稳定局限：光合作用酶的最适温度比呼吸作用酶低，温度为30℃时，呼吸速率较大，不利于光和产量的提高。
2017年上海生命科学学业水平等级性考试（重绘+答案）
2017 年上海市普通高中学业水平等级性考试生命科学 试卷考生注意：1. 试卷满分100分，考试时间60分钟。
2. 本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
试卷包括两部分，第一部分为选择题，第二部分为综合分析题，所有试题均为简答题。
3. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写姓名、报名号、考场号和座位号，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
第一部分的作答必须涂在答题纸上相应的区域，第二部分的作答必须写在答题纸上与试卷题号对应的位置。
一、选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案） 1. 图 1 所示生物不具有细胞结构，该生物属于所示生物不具有细胞结构，该生物属于 A. 动物动物 B. RNA 病毒病毒病毒 C. 植物植物D. DNA病毒病毒病毒2. 食物中的蛋白质需要消化为氨基酸才能被吸收，该消化过程中断开的化学键是食物中的蛋白质需要消化为氨基酸才能被吸收，该消化过程中断开的化学键是A. ①B. ②C. ③D. ④3. 在“观察蚕豆叶下表皮”实验中，低倍镜视野下观测到保卫细胞位于视野右下角，欲在高倍镜视野下进一步清晰观察该细胞，下列操作中错．误．的是的是 A. 移动载玻片移动载玻片B. 换为低倍镜换为低倍镜C. 换为高倍镜换为高倍镜D. 调节细调节器调节细调节器4. 为了解某食品样液中的营养成分，对其做出三种规范的鉴定操作，得到相应现象如表为了解某食品样液中的营养成分，对其做出三种规范的鉴定操作，得到相应现象如表 1 1 1。
由此判断该食品样液中至少含有由此判断该食品样液中至少含有 A. 还原性糖和脂肪还原性糖和脂肪 鉴定标本鉴定用试剂 现象 B. 蛋白质和还原性糖蛋白质和还原性糖 1 双缩脲试剂双缩脲试剂 紫色紫色 C. 还原性糖、蛋白质、脂肪还原性糖、蛋白质、脂肪 2 苏丹Ⅲ染液苏丹Ⅲ染液 橘红色橘红色 D. 蛋白质和脂肪蛋白质和脂肪 3班氏试剂班氏试剂 颜色不变颜色不变表 1 15. 在“探究细胞外界溶液浓度与质壁分离程度的关系”实验中，采用原生质层长度（B ）与细胞长度(A)的比值（B/A ）表示质壁分离程度，表）表示质壁分离程度，表 2 是某同学对是某同学对 4 个洋葱表皮细胞个洋葱表皮细胞 A 、B 值测量后的处理结果，其中错误．．的是的是细胞 细胞Ⅰ 细胞Ⅱ 细胞Ⅲ 细胞ⅣB/A 1.2 0.9 0.8 0.7 表 2 A. 细胞Ⅰ细胞ⅠB. 细胞Ⅱ细胞ⅡC. 细胞Ⅲ细胞ⅢD. 细胞Ⅳ 6. 视网膜色素变性患者，某基因得测序结果显示，与正常人相比，患者模板链的互补碱基序列发生了改变（图序列发生了改变（图 3），据此可推断患者模板链上发生得碱基改变是，据此可推断患者模板链上发生得碱基改变是图 3 A. G→CB. U→TC. G→AD. C→T7. 病原微生物的表面抗原是疫苗制备的主要来源，下列构成病原微生物的组分中，最适用来制备疫苗的是来制备疫苗的是 A. 病毒衣壳蛋白病毒衣壳蛋白B. 病毒病毒A TP C. 病毒逆转录酶病毒逆转录酶D. 病毒 mRNA 8. 皮肤和黏膜能阻挡多种病菌和病毒入侵机体，因此这两者属于机体的皮肤和黏膜能阻挡多种病菌和病毒入侵机体，因此这两者属于机体的①特异性免疫①特异性免疫 ②先天性免疫②先天性免疫 ③非特异性免疫③非特异性免疫 ④获得性免疫④获得性免疫 A. ①③①③B. ①④①④C. ②③②③D. ②④②④9. 用“×”表示“没有”，“√”表示“有”，下列对原核细胞和真核细胞的描述正确的是用“×”表示“没有”，“√”表示“有”，下列对原核细胞和真核细胞的描述正确的是A B C D10. Turner 综合征患者的性染色体组成和正常女性的性染色体组成如图综合征患者的性染色体组成和正常女性的性染色体组成如图 4，据图判断造成Turner 综合征患者的染色体畸变类型是综合征患者的染色体畸变类型是图 4A. 染色体易位染色体易位B. 染色体数目增加染色体数目增加C. 染色体片段缺失染色体片段缺失D. 整条染色体缺失整条染色体缺失11.图 5 为人类精子形成过程示意图，Ⅰ为人类精子形成过程示意图，Ⅰ-Ⅳ表示该过程中的不同阶段。
上海市闵行区2016届高三第一学期质量调研考试生命科学试卷含答案
2015学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试生命科学试卷考生注意：1．全卷共12页，满分150分，考试时间120分钟。
2．本考试分设试卷和答题纸。
3．答题前，务必在答题纸上用钢笔、圆珠笔或签字笔将学校、姓名及准考证号填写、涂清楚。
作答必须涂或写在答题纸上，在试卷上作答一律不得分。
一．选择题（共60分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1．下列物质中，不属于脂质的是……………………………………………………（）A．磷脂B．脂肪C．纤维素D．胆固醇2．用班氏试剂鉴定还原性糖时，溶液的颜色变化过程为…………………………（）A．淡蓝色→棕色→红黄色B．无色→淡蓝色→棕色C．红黄色→淡蓝色→棕色D．棕色→绿色→棕色3．下列哪一组物质的基本组成单位相同…………………………………………（）A. 植物的纤维素和生长素B. 动物的糖原和抗体C. 人的胰岛素和性激素D. 细菌的核区DNA和质粒4．右图为细胞膜的亚显微结构模式图。
下列叙述不正确的是……………………（）A．b构成了细胞膜的基本骨架B．细胞膜的流动性与c、d均有关C．d的种类和数量越多，细胞的功能越复杂D．a在细胞的内侧，具有细胞识别的功能5．某多肽分子结构如下图所示，该多肽分子中的肽键数和氨基酸种类为……（）A．2 个、1 种B．2 个、2种C．3个、2种D．2个、3种6．在信使RNA分子结构中，相邻的碱基G与C之间是通过什么结构连接而成…（）A．3个氢键B．—脱氧核糖—磷酸基—脱氧核糖—C．—核糖—磷酸基—核糖—D．—磷酸基—核糖—磷酸基—7．保护生物多样性的三个层次中，最核心的并关系其他两个层次存亡的是…（）A．遗传多样性B．物种多样性C．生物群落多样性D．生态系统的多样性8．现代进化理论认为，突变和基因重组为生物进化提供了原材料，下列变异现象不属于此类变异范畴的是………………………………………………………………（）A．无籽西瓜B．白眼果蝇种群中出现了红眼C．21三体综合征D．无籽番茄9．实验中，从菠菜叶中提取叶绿素体中色素的常用试剂是………………………（）A．蒸馏水B．无水乙醇C．1%NaCl D．3%HCl10．右图为有关细胞分裂的概念图，下列说法正确的是…………………………（）A．①过程中无纺锤体和染色体出现，不发生DNA复制B．②过程中，染色体与核DNA分子在数目上具有平行关系C．②过程有利于维持亲子代细胞遗传物质的稳定性D．③过程中具有2个细胞周期，精原细胞以②或③的方式增殖11．下列关于物质转运出入细胞的方式，正确的是………………………………（）A．神经递质穿过突触后膜的方式是主动运输B．只有在主动运输时，才会发生载体蛋白与被运输物质结合而改变形状的现象C．胞吞和胞吐是细胞最重要的吸收或排出物质的方式D．渗透作用的方向就是水分子从浓度低的一侧进入浓度高的一侧12．右图为细胞核结构模式图，下列有关叙述不正确的是…（）A．①主要由DNA和蛋白质组成，在细胞分裂不同时期呈不同状态B．②是产生核糖体、mRNA和合成蛋白质的场所C．③在细胞周期中发生周期性变化，其主要成分是磷脂和蛋白质D．蛋白质可由核孔进入细胞核，而mRNA正好相反13．下表为某培养基的配方，有关叙述正确的是……………（）A．此培养基属通用培养基，可以鉴别出大肠杆菌B．能在此培养基上生长的大肠杆菌，拟核上有青霉素的基因C．此培养基可以用于选育转基因大肠杆菌菌种的基因工程的操作过程中D．此培养基可以用来检测自来水中细菌含量是否符合饮用水标准14．右图为人工培养的肝细胞中DNA含量随时间变化的曲线，培养中所有细胞都处于细胞周期的同一阶段。
闵行区2016学年第一学期高三质量调研考试
闵行区 2016 学年第一学期高三质量调研考试均匀52物理试卷考生注意：1．第 I 卷（ 1—12 题）由机器阅卷，答案一定所有涂写在答题纸上。
考生应将代表正确答案的小方格用 2B 铅笔涂黑。
注意试题题号和答题纸上编号一一对应，不可以错位。
答案涂写在试卷上一律不给分。
2．第 II 卷（ 13— 20 题）由人工网上阅卷。
考生应用蓝色或黑色的钢笔或圆珠笔将第 II 卷所有试题的答案写在答题纸上，（作图可用铅笔）。
3．第 18、19、20 题要求写出必需的文字说明、方程式和重要的演算步骤。
只写出最后答案，而未写出主要演算过程的，不可以得分。
相关物理量的数值计算问题，答案中一定明确写出数值和单位。
4．全卷共 6 页。
满分 100 分。
考试时间60 分钟。
第 I卷（共 40分）一、单项选择题（共40 分，每题有且只有一个正确答案，1-8 题每题 3分， 9-12 题每题 4分）1．教科书中这样表述牛顿第必定律：全部物体总保持匀速直线运动状态或静止状态，直到有外力迫使它改变这类状态为止。
此中“改变这类状态” 指的是改变物体的（）（ A ）加快度（ B）速度（ C）地点（D）受力2．以下图是一个玩具陀螺，a、 b 和 c 是陀螺表面上的三个点 . 当陀螺绕垂直于地面的轴线以角速度ω 稳固旋转时，以下表述正确的选项是（）ω（ A ）a、 b 和 c 三点的线速度大小相等ab （ B ） a、b 两点的线速度一直相同（ C） a、b 两点的角速度比 c 的角速度大c（ D ）a、 b 两点的加快度比 c 点的加快度大3．以下图，欲使在粗拙斜面上匀速下滑的木块 A 停下，可采纳的方法是（）（ A ）增大斜面的倾角A（ B ）对木块 A 施加一个垂直于斜面向下的力（ C）对木块 A 施加一个竖直向下的力θ（ D ）在木块 A 上再叠放一个重物4．以下实验中不属于用模拟法进行实验的是（）．．．（ A ）用导电纸描述静电场中平面上的等势线（ B ）用铁屑显示通电导线四周的磁感线散布（C）将一桶钢珠连续倒在一台秤上，以台秤上显示连续的压力来说明气体压强的成因（D ）用油膜法估测分子直径5．如图，张口向下的玻璃管竖直插在水银槽中，管内关闭了必定质量的气体，管内液面高于水银槽中液面。
2017年上海闵行区高三英语一模试卷和答案
2016-2017学年第一学期高三英语教学质量检测试卷英语试卷I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. A postman. B. A policeman. C. A delivery man. D. A taxi driver.2. A. $50. B. $75. C. $150. D. $200.3. A. It’s delayed. B. It’s overcrowded. C. It’s empty. D. It’s cancelled.4. A. She has never talked in public. B. She probably is poor at giving speeches.C. She enjoys serious moments.D. She wants to give up the public speech.5. A. Finishing the lunch. B. Having a meeting.C. Arranging the room.D. Making some coffee.6. A. By going on a diet. B. By doing physical exercise.C. By having fewer meals.D. By eating fruit and vegetables.7. A. The man doesn’t have a good memory. B. The man shouldn’t have bought the chocolate.C. The man lost the chocolate in the kitchen.D. The man’s son has taken the chocolate.8. A. The man shouldn’t go for the interview. B. The man’s resume is not well-prepared.C. The man can send the resume out.D. The man should get ready for the interview.9. A. Finish the paper before meeting his professor. B. Shorten his paper into a 3000-word article.C. Get a new and more specific topic for his paper.D. Ask his professor’s help on his choice of topics.10. A. He will remain in his current job. B. He is quite satisfied with his job.C. He will ask for a higher salary.D. He can never find a better job.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two short passages and a longer conversation, and you will be asked several questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. Public education against smoking is lacking. B. There is no campaign against smoking.C. There are no rules regarding smoking.D. That smokers ignore the rules about smoking.12. A. It made her respect smokers in the United States.B. It made her think that smoking rules need to be changed.C. It made her want to be more polite towards nonsmokers.D. It made her more tolerant to smoker behavior.13. A. It’s no easy job to stop people smoking in Europe.B. There should be severer rules against smoking in Europe.C. We should take non-smokers’ rights into consideration.D. The speaker changed the attitude towards different smokersQuestions 14 through 16 are based on the following news.14. A. The weight of the boxes moving across the stage.B. The number of times of repeating the process.C. The size of the objects shown on the stage.D. The shape of the cubes used in the show.15. A. Girls seem to be able to reason earlier than boys.B. Boys enjoy playing with cubes more than girls.C. Girls tend to get excited more easily than boys.D. Boys pay more attention to moving objects than girls.16. A. They are easy to be nervous. B. They talk at an earlier age.C. They are better at physical activities.D. They have a different brain pattern.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following passage.17. A. A detective story. B. A professor’s lecture.C. A class assignment.D. A jewelry store robbery.18. A. She was involved in a jewelry store robbery.B. She had trouble finishing her assignment.C. She did not like the topic she had chosen for her paper.D. She was taking too many courses.19. A. Take some extra time. B. Put down whatever ideas she has first.C. Do some work for another course.D. Write the story ending first.20. A. To do research for her story. B. To go shopping.C. To meet her professor.D. To take a break from her work.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Ask someone what they have done to help the environment recently and they will almost certainly mention recycling. Recycling in the home is very important of course. However, (21)__________(force) to recycle often means we already have more material than we need. We are dealing with the results of that over-consumption in the greenest way possible, but it would be far better (22)__________ we did not need to bring so much material home in the first place.The total amount of packaging increased (23)__________ 12% between 1999 and 2005. A large number of companies believe that they can attract customers’attention and stimulate their purchasing desire by over-packaging their goods, thus (24)__________(gain) more profits.Too much packaging is doing damage to the environment. If such packaging (25)__________(burn), it gives off greenhouse gases which go on to cause the greenhouse effect. Recycling helps, (26)__________ the process itself uses energy. The solution is not to produce such items in the first place. Food waste is aserious problem, too. Too many supermarkets encourage customers to buy more than they need. However, a few of them are coming round to the idea (27)__________ this cannot continue, encouraging customers to reuse their plastic bags, for example.But this is not just about supermarkets. It is about all of us. We have learned to associate packaging with quality. We have learned to think that (28)__________ without packaging is of poor quality. This is especially true of food. But it also applies to a wide range of consumer products, (29)__________ often have far more packaging than necessary.There are signs of hope. As more of us recycle, we are beginning to realize just how much unnecessary materials are collecting. However, despite the ongoing campaigns (30)__________(promote) consumers’ green awareness, we still have a long way to go.Section BDirections:Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There is distinction between reading for information and reading for understanding. Thus we can ____31____ the word “reading” in two distinct senses.The first sense is the one in which we read newspapers, magazines, or anything else. We can get ____32____ to the content of those materials easily. Such materials may increase our store of information, but they cannot improve our understanding. And clearly we don’t have any difficulty in gaining the new information, for our understanding was ____33____ to them before we started. Otherwise, we would have felt the shock of puzzlement.The second sense is the one in which we read something that at first we do not completely understand. Here the thing to be read is at the first sight better or higher than the reader. The writer is communicating something that can ____34____ the reader’s understanding. Such communication between unequals must be possible. Otherwise one person could never learn from another. Here “learning” means understanding more, not remembering more information.What are the ____35____ in this kind of reading? First, there is inequality in understanding. The writer must be “____36____”to the reader in understanding. Besides, his book must ____37____ something he possesses and his potential readers lack. Second, the reader must be able to overcome this inequality in some degree. And he should always try to ____38____ the same level of understanding with the writer. If the equality is ____39____, success of communication is achieved.Besides gaining information and understanding, there’s another goal of reading - entertainment. It is the least ____40____ and requires the least amount of effort. Everyone who knows how to read can read for entertainment if he wants to. In fact, any book that can be read for understanding or information can probably be read for entertainment as well.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.Celebrities, in other word, famous people, have become one of the most important representatives of popular culture. Fans used to be crazy about a specific film, but now the public tends to base its consumption on the interest of celebrity attached to a specific ____41____. Besides, fashion magazines have almost ____42____ the practice of putting models on the cover because they don't sell nearly as well as famous faces. ____43____, celebrities have realized their unbelievably powerful market potential, moving from advertising for others’ products to developing their own.Celebrity clothing lines aren't a completely new phenomenon, but in the past they were typically aimed at the ____44____ consum ers, while today they’re started by first-class stars whose products enjoy equal fame with some world top ____45____. The most successful start-ups have been those by celebrities with specific personal style. As celebrities become more and more experienced at the market, they expand their production scale ____46____, covering almost all the products of daily life.However, for every success story, there’s a related war ning tale of a celebrity who ____47____ his consumer appeal. No matter how famous the prod uct’s origin is, if it ____48____ to impress consumers with its own qualities it begins to resemble an exercise in self-promotional marketing. And once the initial attention dies down, consumer interest might fade, ____49____ returning to labels which have proved to be reliable.Today, celebrities face even more severe ____50____. The pop-cultural circle might be bigger than ever, but its rate of turnover(逆转) has ____51____ as well. Each misstep threatens to reduce a celebrity’s shelf life and the same newspaper or magazine that once brought him ____52____ has no problem severely criticizing him and taking everything from him when the opportunity appears. Still, the ego’s(自我的) potential for ____53____ is limitless. Having already achieved great wealth and public recognition, many celebrities see ____54____ as the next frontier to be conquered. As the saying goes, success and failure always go hand in hand. Their success as designers might last only a short time and as a matter of fact, fashion - like celebrity - has always been ____55____. So the next time celebrities introduce their lines of fashion, let’s just wait and see how long they will stay.41. A. film B. character C. product D. magazine42. A. abandoned B. promoted C. enhanced D. developed43. A. All in all B. As a result C. Above all D. On the contrary44. A. wealthy B. famous C. special D. ordinary45. A. technologies B. brands C. studios D. producers46. A. rapidly B. moderately C. reluctantly D. carefully47. A. ignored B. disapproved C. overvalued D. estimated48. A. intends B. fails C. manages D. strengthens49. A. loyalty B. promotion C. regret D. disappointment50. A. depression B. failure C. punishment D. embarrassment51. A. slowed down B. called off C. speeded up D. faded away52. A. fame B. fortune C. trouble D. risk53. A. information B. knowledge C. reputation D. expansion54. A. audience B. fashion C. charm D. performance55. A. admirable B. productive C. temporary D. respectableSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)They swim lovely along the shore, looking for underwater greens to feed on. But these days, along Florida’s western coast, something is mixing with the sea grass that manatees(海牛) like to eat. And it’s making them sick - even killing them.It’s a poisonous form of algae, usually called “red tide” because of its color. Algae are plant-like organisms that live mainly in water. Most are harmless, but not red tide. When it gets mixed in with the grass and the manatees eat it, they get so sick that they can’t even swim.“They’re basically paralyzed(瘫痪的), and they become unconscious,”said Virginia Edmonds, an animal care manager. Manatees are mammals and they need to surface often to breathe in air. If a manatee is paralyzed, it can’t swim and will drown.As of Monday, the current red tide outbreak has killed at least 174 manatees since the beginning of this year. That has already beaten Florida’s record-high number for manatee deaths in a single year - and we still have nearly nine months to go!The experts aren’t sure when the red tide outbreak will end. So many more manatees are in danger. The situation has gotten so desperate that Florida zoos have rescued at least a dozen manatees. You can find manatees anywhere from Brazil up to Florida - and throughout much of the Caribbean Sea.In fact, the manatee is officially considered an endangered species. Thanks to the US government’s protection, Florida’s manatee population has grown to approximately 5,000 in recent years. But the red tide is threatening their survival. Some experts suspect that pollution from farms even might be fueling the red tide outbreak, because fertilizer that’s used on farms often winds up in water. And when that fertilized water runs off into the Gulf of Mexico, it makes things grow faster - just like on land.56. The word “them” (in the 1st paragraph) probably refers to “________”.A. underwater greensB. algaeC. manateesD. endangered animals57. We can learn from the passage that the red tide ________.A. causes 174 manatees’ deaths every monthB. disables manatees’ ability to surface to breatheC. has destroyed most of the underwater greensD. helps to fertilize farm lands58. Which of the following is NOT mentioned in the passage?A. The experts’ efforts to keep the red tide from spreading.B. The potential cause of the expansion of the red tide.C. The present situation of manatees in Florida.D. The deadly effect of the poisonous red tide on manatees.59. What does the passage mainly talk about?A. The red tide has been changing the manatees’ habitant.B. The manatee is officially an endangered species.C. More efforts should be made to save the manatees.D. The red tide has been threatening the manatees.(B)For centuries, mankind and dogs have suffered from a communication failure. We can tell dogs what we want them to do and sometimes they comply, but we’ve always struggled when it comes to understanding the true meaning of their barks and whimpers. There is exciting news now - a dog translator called body harness (see the picture) has been invented to help you communicate with your furry friend. HOW IT WORKS●The platform itself is a harness that fits comfortably onto the dog, and which is equipped with avariety of technologies.●Wireless sensors can determine when they’re sitting, standing, running, etc, even when they’re out ofsight.●The team developed software to collect, interpret and communicate those data, and to translate humanrequests into signals on the harness through speakers and vibrating motors.WHAT’S FOR✧The harness could be used to train pets, guide dogs and other working animals.✧Sensors on the harness monitor the dog’s heart rate and body temperature.✧The sensor-packed harness can sense the animal’s movement, and the sounds it makes, letting theowner knows how they feel.✧Speakers and vibrating pads in the harness also allow owners to “talk back” to their animals.✧The harness is also intended for dogs involved in search and rescue and other front-line work.60. The word “comply” in the first paragraph probably means “________”.A. shoutB. obeyC. disappearD. attack61. Which of the following is NOT the intension of the harness?A. To create a better communication between dogs and human.B. To enable the dogs to do demanding jobs.C. To transfer human thoughts to the dogs by means of technology.D. To monitor dog’s communicative behaviors.62. Which of the following can best express the main idea of the passage?A. New platform: for better performances of dogs.B. Harness: a two-way communication device.C. Dog care: a completely new way possible.D. Technology: toward healthier life of dogs.(C)Books, Films and PlaysThe novelist’s medium is the written word. One might almost say the printed word. Typically the novel is consumed by a silent, individual reader, who may be anywhere at the time. The paperback novel is still the cheapest, most portable and adaptable form of narrative entertainment. It is limited to a single channel of information - writing. The narrative can go, effortlessly, anywhere: into space, people’s head, palaces, prisons and pyramids, without any consideration of cost or practical possibility. In determining theshape and content of his narrative, the writer is restricted by nothing except purely artistic criteria(评判标准). The novelist keeps absolute control over his text until it is published and received by the audience. He may be advised by his editor to revise his text, but if the writer refused to meet this condition no one would be surprised. It is not unknown for a well-established novelist to deliver his or her manuscript(手稿) and expect the publisher to print it exactly as written.However, not even the most well-established playwright or screenplay writer would submit(提交) a script and expect it to be performed without any rewriting. This is because plays and motion pictures are cooperative forms of narrative, using more than one channel of communication.The production of a stage play involves, as well as the words of the author, the physical presence of the actors, their voices and gestures, the “set” and possibly music. Although the script is the essential basis of both stage play and film, it is a basis for subsequent revision negotiated between the writer and the other creative people involved. They are given “approval” of the choice of director and actors and have the right to attend rehearsals(排演), during which period they may undertake more rewriting work. In the case of the screenplay, the writer may have little or no control over the final form of his work. Contracts for the production of plays protect the rights of authors in this respect.In film or television work, on the other hand, the screenplay writer has no contractual right to this degree of consultation. While the script is going through its various drafts, the writer is in the driver’s seat, although sometimes receiving criticism from the producer and the director. But once the production is under way, artistic control over the project tends to pass to the director. This is a fact overlooked by most journalistic critics of television drama, who tend to give all the credit or blame for success or failure of a production to the writer and actors, ignoring the contribution, for good or ill, of the director.63. From the first and second paragraph, we know that ________.A. there should be artistic criteria for the novelists to followB. playwright or screenplay writers often have to rewrite their workC. compared with playwrights, novelists are relatively independentD. audience sometimes are the key factors to determine artistic criteria64. Why can the novelist expect the publisher to print the manuscript exactly as written?A. Because the novelist keeps absolute control over his text.B. Because the words in the novel are not difficult for readers.C. Because the novel is limited to a single channel of information - writing.D. Because the novelist is seldom advised by editors to revise the text.65. Which of the following statements is True according to the passage?A. Playwrights envy the simplicity of the novelist’s work.B. Experience in the theatre improves the work of screenplay writers.C. Screenplay writers usually have the final say in how a TV drama will turn out.D. Playwrights are frequently involved in revising their work.66. What can we infer from the last paragraph?A. Screenplay writers should take the success of television drama in their hands.B. Screenplay writers should be more sensitive about their contractual right.C. The directors play a decisive role in the final outcome of television drama.D. Critics of television drama tend to neglect the importance of writer and actors.Section CDirections:Read the following passage carefully. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.In so many ways, cyberspace(网络空间) mirrors the real world. People ask for information, play games, and share hobby tips. Others buy and sell products. Still others look for friendship, or even love.Unlike the real world, however, your knowledge about a person is limited to words on a computer screen. Identity and appearance mean very little in cyberspace. ____67____ So even the shyest person can become a chat-room star.Usually, this "faceless" communication doesn't create problems. Identity doesn't really matter when you’re in a chat room discussing politics or hobbies. In fact, this emphasis on the idea themselves makes the Internet a great place for exciting conversation. Where else can so many people come together to chat about their interests?____68____ They are looking for serious love relationships. Is cyberspace a good place to find love? That answer depends on whom you ask. Some of these relationships actually succeed. Others fail miserably.Supporters of online relationships claim that the Internet allows couples to get to know each other intellectually first. Personal appearance doesn't get in the way.But critics of online relationships argue that no one can truly know another person in cyberspace. Why? Because the Internet gives users a lot of control over how others view them. Internet users can carefully craft their words to fit whatever image they want to give. And they don't have to worry about what their “faceless” communication is doing for their image. ____69____All of this may be fine if the relationship stays in cyberspace. But not knowing a person is a big problem in a love relationship. ____70____ This inevitably leads to disappointment when couples meet in person. How someone imagines an online friend is often quite different from the real person.So, before looking for love in cyberspace, remember the advice of Internet pioneer Clifford Stoll: "Life in the real world is far richer than anything you'll find on a computer screen."IV. Summary WritingDirection: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main points of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Most people feel lonely sometimes, but it usually only lasts between a few minutes and a few hours. This kind of loneliness is not serious. In fact, it is quite normal. For some people, though, loneliness can last for years. Now researchers say there are three different types of loneliness, namely, temporaryloneliness, situational loneliness, and chronic(长期的) loneliness.The first kind of loneliness is temporary. This is the most common type. It usually disappears quickly and does not require any special attention. The second kind, situational loneliness, is a natural result of a particular situation - for example a family problem, the death of a loved one, or moving to a new place. Although this kind of loneliness can cause physical problems, such as headaches and sleeplessness, it usually does not last for more than a year. The third kind of loneliness is the most severe. Unlike the second type, chronic loneliness usually lasts more than two years and has no specific cause. People who experience habitual loneliness have problems in socializing and becoming close to others. Unfortunately, many chronically lonely people think there is little or nothing they can do to improve their condition.Psychologists agree that one important factor in loneliness is a person’s social contacts, e.g. friends, family members, co-workers, etc. We depend on various people for different reasons. For instance, our families give us emotional support, our parents share similar interests and activities. However, psychologists have found that, though lonely people may have many social contacts, they sometimes feel they should have more. They question their own popularity.V. TranslationDirections:Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.72.你认为谁该为这起严重的事故负责？(responsible)73.他伤得很严重，应该马上送医院。
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闵行区2016学年第一学期高三年级质量调研考试生命科学试卷一．选择题（共40分，每小题2分。
每小题只有一个正确答案）1. 下图表示某物质的结构组成方式，“○”表示组成该物质的一种结构单体。
符合此图所示结构组成方式的物质是A．纤维素B．脂肪C．多肽D．核酸2. 在用显微镜观察测量蚕豆叶下表皮保卫细胞长度的实验过程中，错误．．的是A．从低倍镜转到高倍镜时，可通过调节聚光器和光圈来增加视野亮度B．若在低倍镜下观察到保卫细胞物像模糊，轻轻地转动转换器使高倍镜到位再观察C．在不同放大倍数下，目镜测微尺每小格的实际长度相同D．测量细胞长度时，应尽量使目镜测微尺与被测细胞平行并重叠3. 某哺乳动物神经细胞内外的K+和Na+浓度见下表。
下列属于主动运输的是A．Na+与有关载体蛋白结合排出细胞B．K+与有关载体蛋白结合排出细胞C．Na+经钠离子通道排出细胞D．K+经钾离子通道排出细胞4．右图中的三个圆圈①、②、③分别表示含有细胞壁、核糖体、染色体的细胞，那么阴影部分表示的细胞可能是A．肝细胞B．蓝藻细胞C．乳酸菌细胞D．棉花叶肉细胞5．下列的化学反应属于水解反应的是①A TP→ADP ②葡萄糖→丙酮酸③核酸→核苷酸A．①②B．①③C．②③D．①②③6．由未受精的卵细胞直接发育而来的生物个体是A．单倍体B．二倍体C．三倍体D．四倍体7. 下图中显示MG、CE、DP、DW四种地雀ALX1基因的核苷酸序列多样性。
该测定为生物进化提供的证据属于A．胚胎学证据B．比较解剖学证据C．遗传多样性证据D．生物化学证据8．科学家往小球藻培养液中通入14CO2后，分别给予小球藻不同时间的光照，结果如下表。
根据实验结果分析，下列叙述不．正确的是 A ．本实验利用小球藻研究的是光合作用的暗反应阶段B ．每组照光后需将小球藻进行处理使酶失活，才能测定放射性物质分布C ．CO 2进入叶绿体后，最初形成的主要物质是12种磷酸化糖类D ．实验结果说明光合作用产生的有机物还包括氨基酸、有机酸等9．右图代表人体内有机物氧化分解过程（Y 代表彻底分解的产物）。
下列说法错误．．的是 A ．过程②发生于线粒体内 B ．过程②产生的ATP 多于过程① C ．若X 代表糖类，则Y 代表CO 2和H 2O D ．若X 代表氨基酸，则Y 代表CO 2、H 2O 和尿素 10.关于牛蛙脊髓反射实验的相关叙述中合适的是A ．实验目的是证明脊髓是低级中枢，研究脑对脊髓的控制B ．要证明脊髓的功能，应该环割后肢脚趾趾尖的皮肤C ．要确认无反射现象是由于缺少感受器，应该用酸刺激伤口以上的有皮部分D ．要证明去脑的牛蛙具有反射功能，只要观察是否发生了搔扒反射11.下图为人体内细胞间信息交流方式的示意图。
据图分析判断下列说法不．正确的是A ．三图中靶细胞对信息的接受具有相似的结构基础即受体B ．图中能表示脂肪细胞接受胰高血糖素的是BC ．图中表示T 淋巴细胞介导细胞免疫的是AD ．高度紧张时心肌细胞收缩加速，其中信息传递的方式只有B12．下图1是将含有生长素的琼脂块放在切去尖端的胚芽鞘一侧，一段时间后，测定胚芽鞘弯曲的情况（弯曲角度用α表示）；图2是生长素浓度对胚芽鞘生长作用的示意图。
下列相关叙述正确的是 A ．只用图1实验即可证明生长素有促进生长的作用 B ．琼脂块中生长素浓度不同，但可能形成相同的α C ．琼脂块中生长素浓度为ｄ时，胚芽鞘向左侧弯曲 D ．琼脂块中生长素浓度为b 点时，α具有最大值图1图213. 下列哪项使法国微生物学家巴斯德否定了微生物的“自然发生说” A ．分离出结核杆菌 B ．发明狂犬病疫苗 C ．巴氏消毒法D ．曲颈瓶实验14．某基因（14N ）含有3000个碱基，腺嘌呤占35%。
若该DNA 分子用15N 同位素标记过的游离脱氧核苷酸为原料复制3次，再将全部复制产物置于试管内离心，进行密度分层，得到结果如图1；然后加入解旋酶再离心，得到结果如图2。
则下列有关分析完全正确的是①X 层全部是14N 的基因 ②W 层中含15N 标记胞嘧啶3150个③W 层与Z 层的核苷酸数之比为1:4 ④X 层中含有的氢键数是Y 层的1/3倍 A ．①B ．①③C ．②④D ．②③④15. 甲、乙两图所示真核细胞内两种物质的合成过程，下列叙述正确的是A ．甲、乙所示过程通过半保留方式进行，合成的产物是双链核酸分子B ．甲所示过程在细胞核内进行，乙在细胞质基质中进行C ．DNA 分子解旋时，甲所示过程不需要解旋酶，乙需要解旋酶D ．一个细胞周期中，甲所示过程在每个起点只起始一次，乙可起始多次16. 已知某鱼体内一对等位基因 A 、a 与对环境温度的适应性有关，其中a 基因的表达使鱼体更适应较低温度。
假设湖中该鱼群体中50年前（常年水温在30～35℃）基因型AA:Aa:aa 的比例为1:2:l ，则现在（常年水温在22～26℃）的比例可能为 A ．AA:Aa:aa 为 6:3:1 B ．AA:Aa:aa 为 3:4:3 C ．AA:Aa:aa 为 1:3:1D ．AA:Aa:aa 为 1:4:517．位于南美洲西海岸900公里处的加拉帕戈斯群岛，群岛上生活着14种“达尔文地雀”，其种间杂交一般是不育的。
对加拉帕戈斯群岛生物多样性的描述正确的是 A ．该群岛的物种多样性仅与生物种类的多少有关B ．对该群岛进行生物多样性保护，应主要采取就地保护的方式C ．对岛上的动物进行物种多样性研究，应采用样方法并用辛普森指数来表示D ．对该群岛进行生物多样性研究，应包括遗传多样性和物种多样性两个方面18. 人类ABO 血型由9号染色体上的3个复等位基因（I A ，I B 和i ）决定，血型的基因型组成见下表。
若AB 型血起点 酶 起点甲乙DNA 起点起点酶DNADNA图2W Z 图1X Y红绿色盲男性和O 型血红绿色盲携带者的女性婚配，下列叙述正确的是血型 A B AB O 基因型I A I A ，I A iI B I B ，I B iI A I BiiA ．他们生A 型血色盲男孩的概率为1 / 8B ．他们生的女儿色觉应该全部正常C ．只考虑血型遗传，他们的后代有两种表现型、四种基因型D ．只考虑色觉遗传，他们的后代色觉正常:色盲为3:119. 下图1表示胰岛素浓度与血糖的补充速率和消耗速率之间的关系，图2表示描述某种生命活动的模型。
下列相关分析错误．．的是A ．胰岛素作用于肝脏、肌肉等细胞导致曲线甲上升B ．若E 为调节中枢，a 为血糖浓度下降，则b 、c 可分别代表胰高血糖素和肾上腺素分泌增加C ．若E 为调节中枢，a 为细胞外液渗透压升高，则b 、c 可分别代表抗利尿激素分泌增加和产生渴觉D ．曲线甲表示血糖的补充速率，曲线乙表示血糖的消耗速率 20．图中A 、a ，B 、b 表示基因，下列过程中存在基因重组的是AB C D二、综合分析题（共60分）（一）回答下列有关细胞的问题（9分）（[ ]内写图中数字编号，横线上填文字。
）图1和图2是生物结构模式图，图3显示了人类从受精卵到婴儿期间的生长与发育。
21. 图1和图2所表示生物的根本区别是有无________。
图2图1母本父本 婴儿受精卵早期胚胎细胞a细胞b图3母亲 父亲A ．细胞结构B ．核膜C ．增殖能力D ．遗传物质22. 图1中⑦的功能特点是________；图2所示生物的成分是________。
23. 图1所示结构进行分裂时，在间期倍增，并在前期分开的结构是[ ]。
有丝分裂所产生的两个子细胞与母细胞在遗传上一致，原因是________。
①DNA 精确复制 ②同源染色体分离 ③染色体均匀分配 ④同源染色体配对A ．①②B ．①③C ．②③D ．②④24. 核孔是细胞核与细胞质进行物质交换的通道。
下列物质经核孔向细胞核方向运输的是________（多选）。
A ．tRNAB ．RNA 聚合酶C ．DNA 聚合酶D ．mRNA25. 与胚胎细胞相比，图3中细胞a 或细胞b 内的染色体组成有何不同？______________________________________________________________________。
（二）回答下列与微生物培养有关的问题。
（6分）26. 某细菌固体培养基的组成成分如下表。
该培养基能提供无机盐的是 ________（填编号），能提供生长因子的是 ________（填编号）。
27. 为了检测大肠杆菌对抗生素的敏感性，在37℃培养 箱中培养24h ，使其均匀生长，布满平板。
将分别含有 三种抗生素的滤纸片均匀置于该平板上的不同位置，培 养一段时间后，结果如图 4。
根据上述实验结果，为达 到抗菌目的，最好选择的抗生素是________。
治疗肺 结核的常用抗生素是利福平，其抑菌的机理是________。
28. 19世纪中期，关系到法国经济命脉的酿造业曾一度遭受毁灭性的打击，在生产过程中，出现了葡萄酒变酸、变味的怪事。
根据你所掌握的知识分析导致生产失败的根源是________。
29. 某学生为了验证科赫法则的正确性，从患猪流感的动物中提取了病原体，然后接种到通用培养基上进行培养，但是得不到病原体，原因是________。
A ．科赫法则是错误的 B ．培养基缺乏病原体生存的环境 C ．没有无菌操作D ．接种时划线法错误（三）分析有关遗传信息传递与调节的资料，回答问题。
（7分）青霉素 利福平 庆大霉素图4美国科学家因发现RNA 干扰机制而获诺贝尔奖。
RNA 干扰是将外源微小双链RNA 片段在酶的作用下分解为单链RNA 并和某些蛋白形成复合物。
这种复合物中的单链RNA 与互补的mRNA 结合，使mRNA 被RNA 酶裂解，从而使特定基因表达沉默。
30. 在RNA 和DNA 中的某组成物质是有差异的，其中不含N 元素的是________。
31. mRNA 携带的信息源自于________，其合成过程称为____________。
32. mRNA 与复合物中单链RNA 结合，导致mRNA 不能与______结合，从而 抑制了基因表达中的______过程。
33. RNA 干扰技术在病毒性疾病、遗传病等的治疗方面将发挥重要作用。
图5是 艾滋病病毒复制过程。
假设RNA 干扰技术可以让艾滋病病毒基因沉默，干扰后 不可能出现的结果是________（用图5中数字表示）。
（四）回答下列人体稳态调节的问题。
（10分）肝在人体的稳态中发挥着重要的作用。
下图6示意肝细胞在稳态调节中的部分功能。
34. 若要利用脂肪酸，则其进入葡萄糖氧化分解途径的环节是 图6中物质 [ ] ________。
35. 图6中过程②代表的生理过程是________；过程⑥若不形 成尿素，则将发生________作用。