高中非谓语动词讲解 练习

非谓语动词（一）仔细阅读下面的内容，并按要求完成后面的思考题：（一）非谓语动词的句法功能：充当除谓语动词以外的各种句子成分成分类别主语宾语表语定语状语宾补不定式[(to)+ v]√√√√√√动名词 [Ｖ-ing]√√√√现在分词[Ｖ-ing]过去分词[Ｖ-ed]√√√√（二）非谓语动词的分类，意义，构成：非谓语形式构成特征和作用时态和语态否定式复合结构不定式to doto have doneto be doingto have been doingto be doneto have been done在非谓语前加not或never特别注意：not havingdone;one‟s notdoing / one‟snot havingdonefor sb. to do sth.of sb. to do sth.具有名词，副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做主、宾、定、表和状语动名词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been donesb. / sb‟s doing作主语仅用sb‟sdoing具有名词的作用;在句中做主、宾、定和表语分词现在分词doinghaving donebeing donehaving been done具有副词和形容词的作用; 在句中做定、表、宾补和状语过去分词done（三）非谓语动词的考点：Ⅰ、谓语动词与非谓语动词的区别：一个单句只能有一个谓语，两个动作之间用and 连接称为并列谓语，并列谓语需注意两个动词的形式的一致性；不用and 连接时，只能用非谓语动词。

如：1. “Can‟t you read?” Mary said _____ to the notice.A. angrily pointingB. and point angrilyC. angrily pointedD. and angrily pointing2. Suddenly, a tall man driving a golden carriage ____ the girl and took her away, ____ into the woods.A. seizing, disappearedB. seized, disappearedC. seizing, disappearingD. seized, disappearingⅡ、非谓语动词作主语，注意以下两个重要问题：第一是并行结构问题，即主表一致性如：Seeing is believing.第二需要注意的一些结构：A)It’s no use (no good) doing sth.如：It‟s no use quarrelling with such a fellow .B) 在It’s + adj. 结构中都用不定式作主语。

注意两种句型：It’s easy (difficult, hard, important, possible, impossible, comfortable, necessary…) + for sb. to doIt’s kind (nice, stupid, rude, clever, foolish, thoughtful, thoughtless, brave, considerate (考虑周到的),mean(卑鄙的), silly, selfish )后加of sb. to doⅢ、非谓语动词作表语The purpose of new technologies is to make life easier, ____ it more difficult.A. not makeB. not to makeC. not makingD. do not make注意两个问题:一是并行结构问题To see is to believe二是时间问题：一般来说，不定式作表语都表示该动作发生在将来，故在表示“目的（aim, purpose）、愿望(wish, hope)、梦想(dream)、需求(need)”等名词作主语时其表语应该用不定式。

动名词作表语一般用来表示“身份、职业”等。

My job is teaching.My dream of life is to become a scientist.另外要特别注意现在分词和过去分词作表语的区别。

（人“d”,物“g”）现在分词说明主语所具有的特征；The speech was inspiring.过去分词多表示主语所处的状态。

The students were greatly inspired.Ⅳ、非谓语动词作定语高考题点击:1.The flowers _____ sweet in the botanic garden attract the visitors to the beauty of nature.A. to smellB. smellingC. smeltD. to be smelt2. A man is being questioned in relation to the ________ murder last night.A. advisedB. attendedC. attemptedD. admitted3. The picture _____ on the wall is painted by my nephew.A. having hungB. hangingC. hangsD. being hung非谓语动词作定语时要注意以下区别：A) 分词作定语时与其所修饰的名词有逻辑上的主谓关系；a sleeping child,B) 动名词作定语时只表示用途、场所等意义；a sleeping bag,C) 不定式作定语时要注意以下一些固定结构：在ability, attempt, chance, courage, decision, effort, power, right , time 等名词后；由序数词,only, last, next 或形容词最高级修饰的名词常用不定式做定语；如：I don‟t think he is the best man ________(do)the job.He is always the first / the last one __________ (leave) the office.D) 表示被动意义的非谓语动词作定语时的用法：done 表示已经完成的动作：meeting held已经召开的会议。

to be done 表示尚未开始的动作：a meeting to be held 即将召开的会议；being done 表示正在进行之中的动作：a meeting being held 正在召开的会议；Ⅴ、非谓语动词作宾语注意点1. How about the two of us ___ a walk down the garden?A. to takeB. takeC. takingD. to be taking2. I don‟t want ___ like I‟m speaking ill of anybody, but the manager‟s plan is unfair.A. to soundB. to be soundedC. soundingD. to have sounded3. I‟ve worked with children before, so I know what _____ in my new job.A. expectedB. to expectC. to be expectingD. expects不定式和动名词都可以做及物动词或介词的宾语。

下列动词只能用不定式做宾语，这个口诀可以帮助大家记忆：决心学会想希望，拒绝设法试图装，主动答应选计划，同意请求帮一帮。

decide, /determine, learn, want, /intend, expect, /hope,/ wish; /long,/ desire,refuse, manage, attempt , pretend; offer, promise, choose, plan,/ agree, ask, /beg ,help还有afford, happen, fail ,tend,等动词也接不定式做宾语。

,动词know, show, teach 等常带疑问词加to do 作宾语。

如：My mother taught me how to use the new washing machine.在某些复合宾语中，用it做形式宾语，而把不定式放到后面去。

即：consider / feel / think / find / make it n./adj. to do sth.例如：I found it impossible to finish the work on time.下列动词只能接动名词做宾语，记住下面的口诀避免错过欣赏，禁止推迟完成，继续忍受否认，承认盼望原谅，允许想像冒险，介意不禁空想，建议考虑逃亡。

consider, suggest/advise, look forward to , excuse/pardon/ forgive，admit ,delay/put off, fancy; avoid，miss，keep /keep on, practice; deny, finish, appreciate,/ enjoy，forbid,/ prevent, imagine, stand/bear ,risk; can‟t help , mind，allow /permit ,escape但如果在allow ,permit ,forbid ,advise后提到有关的人，就只能用不定式作宾补。

即; allow/ permit/forbid/advise + sb. + to do sth.在动词want, need, require, deserve 等词后加动名词作宾语时表示被动意义，相当于to be done。

need doing sth = need to be done特别注意：带不定式和动名词作宾语意义不同的动词：remember, forget, regret, try, go on, mean, stop stop to do 停止手中事，去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在做的事remember/forget/regret to do （指动作尚未发生）remember/forget/regret doing（指动作已经发生）try to do （设法，努力去做，尽力）try doing （试试去做，看有何结果）mean to do（打算做，企图做）mean doing （意识是，意味着）go on to do（接着做另外一件事）go on doing（接着做同一件事）can‟t help (to) do （不能帮忙做）can‟t help doing （忍不住要做）5. --- You were brave enough to raise objections at the meeting.--- Well, now I regret _____ that.A. to doB. to be doingC. to have doneD. having done6. When asked by the police, he said that he remembered ___ at the party, but not______A. to arrive; leavingB. to arrive, to leaveC. arriving; leavingD.arriving;to leave7. In some parts of London, missing a bus means _____ for another hour.A. waitingB. to waitC. waitD. to be waiting8. Mr. Reed made up his mind to devote all he had to _____some schools for poor children.A. set upB. setting upC. have set upD. having set up9. --- How do you deal with the disagreement between the company and the customers?--- The key _____ the problem is to meet the demand ____ by the customers.A. to solving … makingB. to solving … madeC. to solve … makingD. to solve … Made注意：此外还有be used to, lead to, stick to, object to(反对)，get down to, feel like ,be accustomed to 习惯于，devote oneself to，be devoted to，look forward to，pay attention to, contribute to 等动词或短语，也要用动词作宾语, 要特别注意to 的词性。