Lecture 1-2 The nomenclature of inorganic compounds-2017-2
2009_LA_lecture 2 Section__ 1-2
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Lesson 4 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds
HNO2
Nitrous acid
2.4 Coordination Complex 配合物
① Ligands
Negative ions as ligands：Ligand = Element’s root –o
CN- Cyano NO3- Nitrato
NO2Cl-
Nitro
F- Fluoro
Chloro Br- Bromo
④有氧酸
高某酸根 per-ate
高某酸 per-ic
正酸根 –ate
正酸 –ic
亚酸根 –ite
亚酸 -ous
次酸根 hypo-ite
次酸 hypo-ous
H2CO3 Carbonic acid
H2SO4
Sulfuric acid
H2SO3 Sulfurous acid
HNO3
Nitric acid
2.2 Metal Compounds 金属化合物
① Naming metal ions (cations) 阳离子命名
Single valence ions Cation’s name = Element
例如：Na+
Sodium
Al3+ Aluminium
Multivalence ions Cation’s name = element(N)
since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior.
Nomenclature [‘nəʊmən,kleɪtʃə] n.命名法，术语
元素这一术语是指由单一种类的原子所组成的纯物质。对化学家而
言，原子的种类由它的原子数决定，因为原子数决定了它的化学行为。
Lesson 2 Nomenclature of Inorganic Compounds and Chemical Formulas
• The sum of oxidation numbers of all atoms in a molecule is zero; in an ion, the sum is the charge of the ion.
• 【第三段】This “chemical alphabet” is very useful and an artificial language for expression of the structures of various compounds has been accepted on its basis. A chemical formula is a representation of the number and kind of atoms in molecule of a substance and it is used addition (or in place ) of the name of the substance in question.
教学重点难点
专业英语词汇、专业词汇构词法、专业 英语特点、课文翻译。
inorganic [ˌinɔ:ˈgænik] adj.无机的 nomenclature [ˈnəumənˌkleitʃə] n.系统命名 法 oxidation [ˌɔksiˈdeiʃən] n.氧化 anion [ˈænaiən] n.阴离子 hydroxide [haiˈdrɔksaid] n.氢氧化物 cyanide [ˈsaiəˌnaid] n.氰化物 sodium [ˈsəudi:əm] n.钠 potassium [pəˈtæsi:əm] n.钾 suffix [ˈsʌfiks] n.后缀 prefix [ˈpri:fiks] n.前缀
高中英语 Module 2《The Renaissance-Reading and Vocabula
Reading and Vocabulary外研版Step 1 PresentationThe teachers words: Look at the title . Renaissance usually means a new growth of something , especially art, literature or music. Judging from the title, what do you think Renaissance will refer to in this article? What time, what place and what persons do you guess will be mentioned here？On this basis , finish the activity 1 .1.Classical (c) refer to ancient Greece and Rome2.Medieval (a) refers to the Middle Ages(from about 1100 to1500)3.Gothic (d) refers to a typical style of art andarchitecture in theMiddle Ages4.Renaissance (b) refers to the period which followed theMiddleAgesStep 2 Go through each paragraph.Read the first paragraphCheck the following sentences are facts (F) or opinions (O ) … the Mona Lisa is a mysterious masterpiece. (O )What is the main idea of the first paragraph?the introduction of the Mina LisaPara 2 1.Questions1)Why was the Renaissance given this name?Because it has the concept of “rebirth”2)When and where did the Renaissance begin?It took place in the 14th---16th century in Italy.2. It was as if Europe was waking up after the long sleep of the Middle Ages. (facts or opinions )3. What is the main idea of the second paragraph?The implication of the RenaissancePara 3What does it mean that Europe was getting richer, too?This means that people had money to spend on the arts ; and it becameeasier for artists to find people who could afford to buy their works oremploy them.What is the main idea of the third paragraph?The development of trade becomes one of the factors of the RenaissancePara 41.What was new about ( a ) painting (b) music (c) architecture?(a)p erspective and effects of light (b) polyphonic music (c)lighter building2. Renaissance artists found new ideas for their work in classical Greece and Rome. (facts or opinions )What is the main idea of the fourth paragraph?They formed the new ideas on panting, music, and architecture. Para 5 How did philosophy change at this time?People, not religion, were at the center of the universe. What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph?A change in ideas about religionFind out the factors that made the Renaissance possible.1.better living conditions2.the discovery of the new world3.international business4.a change in ideas about religion5.a change in climateThe key : 2,3, 4Para 6The Renaissance was a time of scientific invention, too.(facts or opinions)Why do people think Leonardo was an extraordinary genius aswell as a great artist？Besides being a famous painter, he was also a skilled worker inventor , who was well-known for his astonishing drawings of aeroplanes, parachutes, tanks and submarine.What is the main idea of the fifth paragraph?something that Leonardo did as a skilled inventor.Para 7 But even if his only contribution to history had been the Mona Lisa, it would have been genius enough for all time.(facts or opinions)What is the main idea of the last paragraph?His influence to history.Step 3 Finish activity 3 . The Key:1.architecture2. philosophy3. contribution4. employ5. trade6. art7. literature8. talentStep 4 Finish activity 4.1. mysterious2. perspective3. cathedral4. motivate5. go handin hand。
专英第二章(无机化学)
Company Logo
2.3 无氧酸
命名规则：hydro-词根-ic acid 举例： HCl: hydrochloric acid H2S : hydrosufuric acid
二。2
Company Logo
2.4 含氧酸与含氧酸根阴离子
❖ 化学专业英语用前后缀的不同组合显示不同价态的含氧酸和含氧酸根阴
❖ Inorganic chemistry is the study of the synthesis and behavior of inorganic and organometallic compounds. It has applications in every aspect of the chemical industry–including catalysis, materials science, pigments, surfactants, coatings, medicine, fuel, and agriculture. Inorganic chemists are employed in fields as diverse as the mining and microchip industries, environmental science, and education.
Aluminium Silicon
Phosphorus Sulfur
Gallium Germanium Arsenic Selenium
Indium Tin Thallium Lead
Antimony Tellurium Bismuth Polonium
Fluorine Helium Chlorine Neon Bromine Argon Iodine Krypton Astatine Xenon
Nomenclature
(Numerical Heat Transfer - Ms. #NHT95/1711 ) ABSTRACT
The primary objective of this study is to develop a numerical scheme for accurate and e cient simulation of phase change and transport processes of industrial importance. These processes may include a variety of heat transfer and ow mechanisms in irregularly shaped domains with moving and/or free boundaries. Based on the multizone adaptive grid generation (MAGG) technique 1], a curvilinear nite volume scheme has been developed to discretize the governing equations. The combination of these two techniques provides a powerful tool for numerical modeling of complex transport processes. Several problems are considered to demonstrate the applicability and accuracy of the proposed method. They are (a) natural convection in a di erentially heated eccentric annuli, (b) solidi cation of a pure material in a rectangular enclosure, (c) solidi cation in an open cavity with shrinkage due to volume change, and (d) Czochralski crystal growth of silicon. The predictions show a good agreement with experimental data, much better than the previously reported numerical solutions. 1
2 Naming Inorganic Compounds
Most of the metals that can form more than one cation are transition metals. The charges of these ions are indicated by Roman numerals. The metals that form only one cation are those of group 1A (Na+, K+, and Rb+) and group 2A (Mg2+, Ca2+, Sr2+, and Ba2), as well as Al3+ (group 3A) and two transition-metal ions: Ag+(group 1B) and Zn2+ (group 2B). Charges are not expressed explicitly when naming these ions. However, if there is any doubt in your mind whether a metal forms more than one cation, use a Roman numeral to indicate the charge. It is never wrong to do so, even though it may be unnecessary.
11
(c) Cations formed from nonmetal atoms have names that end in –ium:
NH4+ H3O+
ammonium ion hydronium ion
lesson 4 nomenclature
The majority of these compounds contain a metal and nonmetal. The chemical name is composed of the name of the metal, which is written first, followed by the name of the nonmetal, which has been modified to an identifying stem plus the suffix “-ide”.
FeCl2 CuCl
Ferrous chloride Cuprous chloride
FeCl3 CuCl2
Ferric chloride Cupric chloride
Exercises
Try to write down the two systems of nomenclature of Hg2O & HgO Hg2O：mercurous oxide; mercury (Ⅰ)oxide HgO： mercuric oxide； mercury (II) oxide
Formula Cu+ official name Copper (Ⅰ) Classical name cuprous
Cu2+
Fe2+ Fe3+
Copper (II)
Iron (II) Iron (Ⅲ)
cupric
ferrous ferric
(3) Binary compounds containing two nonmetals. 含两种非金属的…
NH4Cl
(ammonium chloride); NaOH Sodium hydroxide; KCN Potassium cyanide.
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1、One compound exists (metal oxide)
-the electropositive element/metal has a fixed oxidation state -no numeral is used if the metal has only one common oxidation number
2、Two or more compounds formed-the metal exhibits more than one oxidation state
The oxidation state of the metal is shown by a Roman numeral in parentheses immediately following the English name of the metal which corresponds to its oxidation number.
C
N F Cl Si
Carbon
Nitrogen Fluorine Chlorine Silicon
P
S Br I Ge
Phosphorous
Sulfur Bromine Iodine Germanium
As
Arsenic
Al
Aluminium
Memorize them
Naming Metal Oxides & Nonmetal Oxides
e.g. NaCl CO2
Sodium Chloride Carbon Dioxide
氯化钠 二氧化碳
A Lattin or Greek prefix is attached to each element to indicate the numberof atoms.
Some common prefixes and their numerical equivalences as follows:
Mono=1 di=2 tri=3 hex(a)=6 hept(a)=7 oct(a)=8 tetr(a)=4 non(a)=9 pent(a)=5 dec(a)=10
Naming Metal Oxides & Nonmetal Oxides
-Binary compounds containing 2 different elements
ng Bases
氢氧化物 阳离子元素名+hydroxide
NaOH KOH Ba(OH)2 Al(OH)3 sodium hydroxide potassium hydroxide barium hydroxide aluminium hydroxide
Naming Acids
1、非含氧酸 (binary acid are certain compounds of H with other nonmetal atoms) 氢某酸 hydro+成酸元素词干(stem of element)+ic acid HCl hydrochloric acid hydrogen chloride
per+成酸元素词干+ic 成酸元素词干+ic 成酸元素词干+ous
焦酸：pyro+成酸元素词干+ic 偏酸：meta+成酸元素词干+ic 硫代酸： thio+成酸元素词干+ic 过氧酸： peroxy+成酸元素词干+ic
hypo+成酸元素词干+ous
Naming Salts
1、非含氧酸盐 non-oxoacid salts 某化某 阳离子元素名+阴离子元素词干+ide
elements
Pb-lead W-tungsten K-potassium Cu-copper Fe-iron Hg-mercury Na-sodium Sn-tin (Natrium 英 ['neɪtrɪəm]) (Stannum 英 ['stænəm]) (plumbum英 ['plʌmbəm]) (wolfram英 ['wʊlfrəm]) (kalium 英 ['keɪlɪəm]) (cuprum 英 ['kjuːprəm]) (ferrum 英 ['ferəm])
分子式中第一元素名称+第二元素词干+ide
MgO CaO Na2O SiO2
magnesium oxide calcium oxide sodium oxide silicon dioxide
Stem of the more common elements.
Symbol H Name Hydrogen Symbol Name O Oxygen
2、含氧酸 Oxoacids （1）原酸或正酸 成酸元素词干+ic acid
H2SO4 HNO3 H3PO4 sulfuric acid nitric acid phosphoric acid
HClO3
chloric acid
Naming Acids
（2）高酸 per+成酸元素词干+ic acid
H2S2O7
pyrosulfuric acid
Naming Acids
（6）偏酸 meta+成酸元素词干+ic acid
HPO3
metaphosphoric acid
H2SiO3
metasilicic acid
Naming Acids
（7）硫代酸 thio+成酸元素词干+ic acid
H2S2O3
General rule
Naming first second
formula electropositive element + electronegative element
Prefixes and suffixes modified
Prefixes and suffixes modified
Naming Salts
NaNO3 NaNO2 KMnO4 NaClO NH4HCO3 (NH4)2HPO4
sodium nitrate sodium nitrite potassium permanganate sodium hypochlorite ammonium hydrogen carbonate diammonium hydrogen phosphate
thiosulfuric acid
Naming Acids
（8）过氧酸 peroxy+成酸元素词干+ic acid
H2S2O8
peroxydisulfuric acid
3、Nonmetal binary compouns-containing two nonmetals
前缀+分子式中第一元素名称+前缀+第二元素词干+ide
CO
CO2 SO3 N2O3 P2O5 Cl2O7
carbon monoxide
carbon dioxide sulfur trioxide dinitrogen trioxide diphosphorus pentoxide dichlorine heptoxide
End
Quiz:
Compound Name (NH4)2S
NaF
H2S K2CO3 FeCl3 Mg(OH)2 NH4Br PbI2 Al2O3 CaS
K2S
Mg3P2 NaNO3 SO3 KCl BaSO4 ZnCl2 AgNO3 WO3
CaSO3
CaSO4
CoCl2
TiO
Naming Acids
Naming Acids
（4）次酸 hypo+成酸元素词干+ous acid
H3PO2 HClO
hypophosphorous acid hypochlorous acid
Naming Acids
（5）焦酸 pyro+成酸元素词干+ic acid
H4P2O7
pyrophosphoric acid
Note: when metal has two oxidation numbers, the lower state is given the ous ending and the higher one is given the ic endings. The ous-ic system doesn’t give the certain oxidation state.
HMnO4 HClO4
permanganic acid perchloric acid
Naming Acids
（3）亚酸 成酸元素词干+ous acid
HNO2 H3PO3 HClO2 H2SO3
nitrous acid phosphorous acid chlorous acid sulfurous acid
Stock system Iron(Ⅱ) oxide Iron(Ⅲ) oxide Copper(Ⅱ) oxide Copper(I) oxide
Classical nomenclature Ferrous oxide Ferric oxide Cupric oxide Cuprous oxide
Lower state Higher state
Stock system 分子式中第一元素名称+(罗马数字)+第二元素词干+ide Classical system 低价态+ous+第二元素词干+ide 高价态+ic+第二元素词干+ide