外文翻译--Rockwell A-B可编程控制器系统软件
《2024年度RockwellPLC及ABB变频器在门座式起重机控制系统中的应用》范文

《Rockwell PLC及ABB变频器在门座式起重机控制系统中的应用》篇一一、引言随着工业自动化技术的不断发展,门座式起重机作为重要的物流搬运设备,其控制系统的优化与升级变得尤为重要。
Rockwell PLC(可编程逻辑控制器)及ABB变频器作为先进的自动化技术代表,在门座式起重机控制系统中得到了广泛应用。
本文将探讨Rockwell PLC及ABB变频器在门座式起重机控制系统中的应用,并分析其带来的效益和影响。
二、门座式起重机控制系统概述门座式起重机是一种大型的装卸设备,主要用于港口、码头等物流场所的货物装卸。
其控制系统是门座式起重机的核心部分,直接关系到设备的运行效率和安全性。
传统的门座式起重机控制系统多采用继电器控制,存在控制精度低、维护困难等问题。
随着技术的发展,PLC和变频器开始广泛应用于门座式起重机控制系统中。
三、Rockwell PLC在门座式起重机控制系统中的应用1. 功能特点:Rockwell PLC作为一种成熟的控制器,在门座式起重机控制系统中扮演着关键角色。
它能够通过编程实现复杂的逻辑控制,提高控制精度和系统的稳定性。
此外,Rockwell PLC具有强大的数据处理能力,可以实时监控设备的运行状态,并据此进行智能控制。
2. 实际应用:在门座式起重机的控制系统中,Rockwell PLC主要负责逻辑控制和数据处理。
通过编程,它可以实现对吊钩的精确控制,如升降、前后移动等。
同时,Rockwell PLC还可以与变频器、传感器等其他设备进行数据交互,实现设备的集中控制和智能化管理。
四、ABB变频器在门座式起重机控制系统中的应用1. 功能特点:ABB变频器是一种电力控制设备,主要用于调节电机的转速和输出功率。
在门座式起重机控制系统中,ABB变频器可以实现对电机速度的精确控制,从而提高设备的运行效率和节能性能。
此外,ABB变频器还具有过载保护、欠压保护等功能,确保设备的运行安全。
2. 实际应用:在门座式起重机中,ABB变频器主要用于驱动电机。
罗克韦尔(rockwell)工控软件入门介绍

•软件基本信息
– 版本信息
• • • • • 10、15、16、17 软件版本需要与处理器硬件版本相对应 10版本软件为目前Controllogix5555系统处理器使用的主要版本,神东、万利等 15版本软件为Controllogix L61~L63处理器使用的版本 在今后的系统中,将采用高版本的软件,能够利用其新开发的功能,比如功能块
浏览I/O TAGS 浏览
在处理器文件夹的 子文件“Controller Tags”浏览
提示:根据不同的 模块,Tag内容将不 一样 举例:配置模块的 IO Tags 练习:添加TAG的 描述
“I”表示输入,“O”表示输出,“C”表示命令 ”表示输入, ”表示输出, ”
编制程序
常用程序指令介绍
• • • • • • • • JSR XIC OTE TON MSG OTL XIO 。。。 • • • • • • Tag 类型 用户定义TAG类型 类型 用户定义 特殊TAG类型 类型 特殊 新建TAG 新建 删除TAG 删除 监视TAG 监视
• RSLogix5000 软件的特性: RSLogix5000 软件的特性:
–与RSLogix 5 & 500通用的用户界面 与 500通用的用户界面 –单一的编程软件包适用于整个Logix5000 单一的编程软件包适用于整个Logix5000 单一的编程软件包适用于整个 系列产品 • ControlLogix, FlexLogix, SoftLogix, CompactLogix, DriveLogix ... –多种IEC1131-3编程语言 多种IEC1131 多种IEC1131• 梯形图 • 功能块图形 –符号化标签和结构数据模型 符号化标签和结构数据模型
点击Rslogix5000快捷方式 快捷方式 打开软件。 点击 ,打开软件。 程序位置: 程序位置:C:\ Program Files\Rockwell Software \RSLogix 5000\
可编程控制器外文翻译、中英文翻译、外文文献翻译

毕业设计中英文翻译院系专业班级姓名学号指导教师20**年 4 月Programmable Logic Controllers (PLC)1、MotivationProgrammable Logic Controllers (PLC), a computing device invented by Richard E. Morley in 1968, have been widely used in industry including manufacturing systems, transportation systems, chemical process facilities, and many others. At that time, the PLC replaced the hardwired logic with soft-wired logic or so-called relay ladder logic (RLL), a programming language visually resembling the hardwired logic, and reduced thereby the configuration time from 6 months down to 6 days [Moody and Morley, 1999].Although PC based control has started to come into place, PLC based control will remain the technique to which the majority of industrial applications will adhere due to its higher performance, lower price, and superior reliability in harsh environments. Moreover, according to a study on the PLC market of Frost and Sullivan [1995], an increase of the annual sales volume to 15 million PLCs per year with the hardware value of more than 8 billion US dollars has been predicted, though the prices of computing hardware is steadily dropping. The inventor of the PLC, Richard E Morley, fairly considers the PLC market as a 5-billion industry at the present time.Though PLCs are widely used in industrial practice, the programming of PLC based control systems is still very much relying on trial-and-error. Alike software engineering, PLC software design is facing the software dilemma or crisis in a similar way. Morley himself emphasized this aspect most forcefully by indicating [Moody and Morley, 1999, p. 110]:`If houses were built like software projects, a single woodpecker could destroy civilization.”Particularly, practical problems in PLC programming are to eliminate software bugs and to reduce the maintenance costs of old ladder logic programs. Though the hardware costs of PLCs are dropping continuously, reducing the scan time of the ladder logic is still an issue in industry so that low-cost PLCs can be used.In general, the productivity in generating PLC is far behind compared to other domains, for instance, VLSI design, where efficient computer aided design tools are in practice. Existent software engineering methodologies are not necessarily applicable to the PLC basedsoftware design because PLC-programming requires a simultaneous consideration of hardware and software. The software design becomes, thereby, more and more the major cost driver. In many industrial design projects, more than SO0/a of the manpower allocated for the control system design and installation is scheduled for testing and debugging PLC programs [Rockwell, 1999].In addition, current PLC based control systems are not properly designed to support the growing demand for flexibility and reconfigurability of manufacturing systems. A further problem, impelling the need for a systematic design methodology, is the increasing software complexity in large-scale projects.PLCs (programmable logic controllers) are the control hubs for a wide variety of automated systems and processes. They contain multiple inputs and outputs that use transistors and other circuitry to simulate switches and relays to control equipment. They are programmable via software interfaced via standard computer interfaces and proprietary languages and network options.Programmable logic controllers I/O channel specifications include total number of points, number of inputs and outputs, ability to expand, and maximum number of channels. Number of points is the sum of the inputs and the outputs. PLCs may be specified by any possible combination of these values. Expandable units may be stacked or linked together to increase total control capacity. Maximum number of channels refers to the maximum total number of input and output channels in an expanded system. PLC system specifications to consider include scan time, number of instructions, data memory, and program memory. Scan time is the time required by the PLC to check the states of its inputs and outputs. Instructions are standard operations (such as math functions) available to PLC software. Data memory is the capacity for data storage. Program memory is the capacity for control software.Available inputs for programmable logic controllers include DC, AC, analog, thermocouple, RTD, frequency or pulse, transistor, and interrupt inputs. Outputs for PLCs include DC, AC, relay, analog, frequency or pulse, transistor, and triac. Programming options for PLCs include front panel, hand held, and computer.Programmable logic controllers use a variety of software programming languages for control. These include IEC 61131-3, sequential function chart (SFC), function block diagram (FBD), ladder diagram (LD), structured text (ST), instruction list (IL), relay ladder logic (RLL), flow chart, C, and Basic. The IEC 61131-3 programming environment provides support for five languages specified by the global standard: Sequential Function Chart,Function Block Diagram, Ladder Diagram, Structured Text, and Instruction List. This allows for multi-vendor compatibility and multi-language programming. SFC is a graphical language that provides coordination of program sequences, supporting alternative sequence selections and parallel sequences. FBD uses a broad function library to build complex procedures in a graphical format. Standard math and logic functions may be coordinated with customizable communication and interface functions. LD is a graphic language for discrete control and interlocking logic. It is completely compatible with FBD for discrete function control. ST is a text language used for complex mathematical procedures and calculations less well suited to graphical languages. IL is a low-level language similar to assembly code. It is used in relatively simple logic instructions. Relay Ladder Logic (RLL), or ladder diagrams, is the primary programming language for programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Ladder logic programming is a graphical representation of the program designed to look like relay logic. Flow Chart is a graphical language that describes sequential operations in a controller sequence or application. It is used to build modular, reusable function libraries. C is a high level programming language suited to handle the most complex computation, sequential, and data logging tasks. It is typically developed and debugged on a PC. BASIC is a high level language used to handle mathematical, sequential, data capturing and interface functions.Programmable logic controllers can also be specified with a number of computer interface options, network specifications and features. PLC power options, mounting options and environmental operating conditions are all also important to consider.2、ResumeA PLC (programmable Logic Controller) is a device that was invented to replace the necessary sequential relay circuits for control.The PLC works by looking at its input and depending upon their state, turning on/off its outputs. The user enters a program, usually via software or programmer, which gives the desired results.PLC is used in many "real world" applications. If there is industry present, chance are good that there is a PLC present. If you are involved in machining, packing, material handling, automated assembly or countless other industries, you are probably already using them. If you are not, you are wasting money and time. Almost any application that needs some type of electrical control has a need for a PLC.For example, let's assume that when a switch turns on we want to turn a solenoid on for 5second and then turn it off regardless of how long the switch is on for. We can do this with a simple external timer. But what if the process included 10 switches and solenoids? We should need 10 external times. What if the process also needed to count how many times the switch individually turned on? We need a lot of external counters.As you can see the bigger the process the more of a need we have for a PLC. We can simply program the PLC to count its input and turn the solenoids on for the specified time.We will take a look at what is considered to be the "top 20" PLC instructions. It can be safely estimated that with a firm understanding of these instructions one can solve more than 80% of the applications in existence.Of course we will learn more than just these instruction to help you solve almost ALL potential PLC applications.The PLC mainly consists of a CPU, memory areas, and appropriate circuits to receive input/output data. We can actually consider the PLC to be a box full of hundreds or thousands of separate relay, counters, times and data storage locations,Do these counters,timers, etc. really exist? No,they don't "physically" exist but rather they simulated and be considered software counters, timers, etc. . These internal relays are simulated through bit locations in registers.What does each part do? Let me tell you.Input RelaysThese are connected to the outside world.They physically exsit and receive signals from switches,sensors,ect..Typically they are not relays but rather they are transistors.Internal Utility RelaysThese do not receive signals from the outside world nor do they physically exist.they are simulated relays and are what enables a PLC to eliminate external relays.There are also some special relays that are dedicated to performing only one task.Some are always on while some are always off.Some are on only once during power-on and are typically used for initializing data that was stored.CountersThese again do not physically exist. They are simulated counters and they can be programmed to count pulses.Typically these counters can count up,down or both up anddown.Since they are simulated,they are limited in their counting speed.Some manufacturers also include high-speed counters that are hardware based.We think of these as physically existing.Most times these counters can count up,down or up and down.TimersThese also do not physically exist.They come in many varieties and increments.The most common type is an on-delay type.Others include off-delays and both retentive and non-retentive types.Increments vary from 1ms through 1s.Output RelaysThere are connected to the outside world.They physically exist and send on/off signals to solenoids,lights,etc..They can be transistors,relays,or triacs depending upon the model chosen Data StorageTypically there are registers assigned to simply store data.They are usually used as temporary storage for math or data manipulation.They can also typically be used to store data when power is removed form the PLC.Upon power-up they will still have the same contents as before power was moved.Very convenient and necessary!A PLC works by continually scanning a program.We can think of this scan cycle as consisting of 3 important steps.There are typically more than 3 but we can focus on the important parts and not worry about the others,Typically the others are checking the system and updating the current internal counter and timer values,Step 1 is to check input status,First the PLC takes a look at each input to determine if it is on off.In other words,is the sensor connected to the first input on?How about the third...It records this data into its memory to be used during the next step.Step 2 is to execute program.Next the PLC executes your program one instruction at a time.Maybe your program said that if the first input was on then it should turn on the first output.Since it already knows which inputs are on/off from the previous step,it will be able to decide whether the first output should be turned on based on the state of the first input.It will store the execution results for use later during the next step.Step 3 is to update output status.Finally the PLC updates the status the outputs.It updates the outputs based on which inputs were on during the first step and the results executing your program during the second step.Based on the example in step 2 it would now turn on the firstoutput because the first input was on and your program said to turn on the first output when this condition is true.After the third step the PLC goes back to step one repeats the steps continuously.One scan time is defined as the time it takes to execute the 3 steps continuously.One scan time is defined as the time it takes to execute the 3 steps listed above.Thus a practical system is controlled to perform specified operations as desired.3、PLC StatusThe lack of keyboard, and other input-output devices is very noticeable on a PLC. On the front of the PLC there are normally limited status lights. Common lights indicate;power on - this will be on whenever the PLC has powerprogram running - this will often indicate if a program is running, or if no program is runningfault - this will indicate when the PLC has experienced a major hardware or software problemThese lights are normally used for debugging. Limited buttons will also be provided for PLC hardware. The most common will be a run/program switch that will be switched to program when maintenance is being conducted, and back to run when in production. This switch normally requires a key to keep unauthorized personnel from altering the PLC program or stopping execution. A PLC will almost never have an on-off switch or reset button on the front. This needs to be designed into the remainder of the system.The status of the PLC can be detected by ladder logic also. It is common for programs to check to see if they are being executed for the first time, as shown in Figure 1. The ’first scan’ input will be true on the very first time the ladder logic is scanned, but false on every other scan. In this case the address for ’first scan’ in a PLC-5 is ’S2:1/14’. With the logic in the example the first scan will seal on ’light’, until ’clear’ is turned on. So the light will turn on after the PLC has been turned on, but it will turn off and stay off after ’clear’ is turned on. The ’first scan’ bit is also referred to at the ’first pass’ bit.Figure 1 An program that checks for the first scan of the PLC4、Memory TypesThere are a few basic types of computer memory that are in use today.RAM (Random Access Memory) - this memory is fast, but it will lose its contents when power is lost, this is known as volatile memory. Every PLC uses this memory for the central CPU when running the PLC.ROM (Read Only Memory) - this memory is permanent and cannot be erased. It is often used for storing the operating system for the PLC.EPROM (Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) - this is memory that can be programmed to behave like ROM, but it can be erased with ultraviolet light and reprogrammed.EEPROM (Electronically Erasable Programmable Read Only Memory) – This memory can store programs like ROM. It can be programmed and erased using a voltage, so it is becoming more popular than EPROMs.All PLCs use RAM for the CPU and ROM to store the basic operating system for the PLC. When the power is on the contents of the RAM will be kept, but the issue is what happens when power to the memory is lost. Originally PLC vendors used RAM with a battery so that the memory contents would not be lost if the power was lost. This method is still in use, but is losing favor. EPROMs have also been a popular choice for programming PLCs. The EPROM is programmed out of the PLC, and then placed in the PLC. When the PLC is turned on the ladder logic program on the EPROM is loaded into the PLC and run. This method can be very reliable, but the erasing and programming technique can be time consuming. EEPROM memories are a permanent part of the PLC, and programs can be stored in them like EPROM. Memory costs continue to drop, and newer types (such as flash memory) are becoming available, and these changes will continue to impact PLCs.5、Objective and Significance of the ThesisThe objective of this thesis is to develop a systematic software design methodology for PLC operated automation systems. The design methodology involves high-level description based on state transition models that treat automation control systems as discrete event systems, a stepwise design process, and set of design rules providing guidance and measurements to achieve a successful design. The tangible outcome of this research is to find a way to reduce the uncertainty in managing the control software development process, that is, reducing programming and debugging time and their variation, increasing flexibility of theautomation systems, and enabling software reusability through modularity. The goal is to overcome shortcomings of current programming strategies that are based on the experience of the individual software developer.A systematic approach to designing PLC software can overcome deficiencies in the traditional way of programming manufacturing control systems, and can have wide ramifications in several industrial applications. Automation control systems are modeled by formal languages or, equivalently, by state machines. Formal representations provide a high-level description of the behavior of the system to be controlled. State machines can be analytically evaluated as to whether or not they meet the desired goals. Secondly, a state machine description provides a structured representation to convey the logical requirements and constraints such as detailed safety rules. Thirdly, well-defined control systems design outcomes are conducive to automatic code generation- An ability to produce control software executable on commercial distinct logic controllers can reduce programming lead-time and labor cost. In particular, the thesis is relevant with respect to the following aspect Customer-Driven ManufacturingIn modern manufacturing, systems are characterized by product and process innovation, become customer-driven and thus have to respond quickly to changing system requirements.A major challenge is therefore to provide enabling technologies that can economically reconfigure automation control systems in response to changing needs and new opportunities. Design and operational knowledge can be reused in real-time, therefore, giving a significant competitive edge in industrial practice.Higher Degree of Design Automation and Software QualityStudies have shown that programming methodologies in automation systems have not been able to match rapid increase in use of computing resources. For instance, the programming of PLCs still relies on a conventional programming style with ladder logic diagrams. As a result, the delays and resources in programming are a major stumbling stone for the progress of manufacturing industry. Testing and debugging may consume over 50% of the manpower allocated for the PLC program design. Standards [IEC 60848, 1999; IEC-61131-3, 1993; IEC 61499, 1998; ISO 15745-1, 1999] have been formed to fix and disseminate state-of-the-art design methods, but they normally cannot participate in advancingthe knowledge of efficient program and system design.A systematic approach will increase the level of design automation through reusing existing software components, and will provide methods to make large-scale system design manageable. Likewise, it will improve software quality and reliability and will be relevant to systems high security standards, especially those having hazardous impact on the environment such as airport control, and public railroads.System ComplexityThe software industry is regarded as a performance destructor and complexity generator. Steadily shrinking hardware prices spoils the need for software performance in terms of code optimization and efficiency. The result is that massive and less efficient software code on one hand outpaces the gains in hardware performance on the other hand. Secondly, software proliferates into complexity of unmanageable dimensions; software redesign and maintenance-essential in modern automation systems-becomes nearly impossible. Particularly, PLC programs have evolved from a couple lines of code 25 years ago to thousands of lines of code with a similar number of 1/O points. Increased safety, for instance new policies on fire protection, and the flexibility of modern automation systems add complexity to the program design process. Consequently, the life-cycle cost of software is a permanently growing fraction of the total cost. 80-90% of these costs are going into software maintenance, debugging, adaptation and expansion to meet changing needs [Simmons et al., 1998].Design Theory DevelopmentToday, the primary focus of most design research is based on mechanical or electrical products. One of the by-products of this proposed research is to enhance our fundamental understanding of design theory and methodology by extending it to the field of engineering systems design. A system design theory for large-scale and complex system is not yet fully developed. Particularly, the question of how to simplify a complicated or complex design task has not been tackled in a scientific way. Furthermore, building a bridge between design theory and the latest epistemological outcomes of formal representations in computer sciences and operations research, such as discrete event system modeling, can advance future development in engineering design.Application in Logical Hardware DesignFrom a logical perspective, PLC software design is similar to the hardware design of integrated circuits. Modern VLSI designs are extremely complex with several million parts and a product development time of 3 years [Whitney, 1996]. The design process is normally separated into a component design and a system design stage. At component design stage, single functions are designed and verified. At system design stage, components are aggregated and the whole system behavior and functionality is tested through simulation. In general, a complete verification is impossible. Hence, a systematic approach as exemplified for the PLC program design may impact the logical hardware design.可编程控制器1、前言可编程序的逻辑控制器(PLC),是由Richard E.Morley 于1968年发明的,如今已经被广泛的应用于生产、运输、化学等工业中。
rockwella-b可编程序控制器(plc)的编程方式

Rockwell A-B可编程序控制器(PLC)的编程方式摘要:介绍Rockwell A-B可编程序控制器(PLC)的编程方式(梯形图、结构文本、顺序功能图等),指令系统及编程手段(编程软件及编程设备)。
关键词:可编程序控制器;指令;编程软件Rockwell A-B的PLC由于支持多种编程方式,具有丰富的编程指令,加上各系列的PLC 都有相应的编程软件,调试仿真软件,因此在自动化领域中已越来越受到广泛的应用。
一、编程方式所有的A-B PLC(Micrologix1000, SLC500, PLC-5和Controllogix)都支持梯形图的编程方式,而大多数PLC-5系列处理器(增强型以上系列)还支持结构文本及顺序功能图两种编程方式。
1、梯形图梯形图是一种最典型,也是最基本的编程方式,它采用图形语言,沿用了继电器的触点、线圈、串并联等术语和图形符号,并增加了一些继电接触控制没有的符号。
梯形图形象、直观,对于熟悉继电器表示方式的人来说,非常容易接受,而不需要学习更深的计算机知识。
这是一种最为广泛的编程方式,适用于顺序逻辑控制、离散量控制、定时/计数控制等操作。
梯形图一般由多个不同的阶梯组成,每一个阶梯又可以由一个或几个输入指令及一个输出指令组成。
输出指令应出现在阶梯的最右边,而输入指令则出现在输出指令的左边,如图1所示。
图12、结构文本结构文本类似于BASIC编程,利用它可以很方便地建立、编辑和实现复杂的算法,特别在数据处理、计算存储、决策判断、优化算法等涉及描述多种数据类型的变量应用中非常有效。
对于PLC-5处理器结构文本可以支持以下结构。
赋值:赋一个整数或浮点数值给一个数据单元非保持型位赋值:赋一个二进制数给一个位单元,当处理器工作模式从编程方式到运行方式时或当顺序功能图(SFC)的步被扫描后,这些位被清零。
保持型位赋值:赋一个二进制数给一个位单元,当处理器工作模式从编程方式到运行方式时或SFC的步被扫描后,这些位并不被清零。
ROCKWELL PLC优势与特点

优点: • 可靠性高,抗干扰能力强 • 可无限扩展,可相互兼容通讯 • 硬件配套齐全,功能完善,适用性强 • 易学易用,深受工程技术人员欢迎 • 系统的设计、安装、调试工作量小,维护方便,容易改造 • 体积小,重量轻,能耗低
7
AB PLC优势与特点
5、编程方便灵活,操作维护方便 支持多种编程语言,满足多种应用灵活,LAD(梯形图)、FBD(功能图)、SFC
(顺序功能图)、ST(符号化语言)。 标签化标签,更易读的变量命名方式,让你不再为分配地址而烦恼。 与上位机共用标签,避免重复建立标签,减少开发时间和出错概率。 标准功能块(AOI)和Faceplate面板,直接调用,节约开发时间。
各种网络
• EtherNet/IP、ControlNet 和 DeviceNet 连接
• 某些第三方网络 • 线性拓扑、环网拓扑和星型网络拓扑
AB PLC优势与特点
4、多种网络可供灵活选择 支持EtherNet、ControlNet、DeviceNet等网络,系统组网方式灵活,各个网络之间可以
实现无缝连接。
1301305520013013055200primarysecondary13013055201primarysecondary1301305520113013055200冗余网络适配器冗余端子冗余输出冗余输入24vdc开关量输入24vdc开关量输出20ma模拟量输入20ma模拟量输出冗余24vdc电源连接certifications2冗余io保障系统更安全1715系列冗余io让你不用为设备停机而发愁abplc优势与特点abplc优势与特点3更加灵活的io选择可无限扩展多种多样的远程分布式io可以满足你的各种应用各种点数的模块2点4点8点16点32点配置更灵活方便
AB_PLC_程序基础

AB PLC 程序基础如果你是初学者或者想掌握AB PLC基础的程序员,那么你来对地方了。
本文将为你介绍AB PLC程序的基础知识以及如何创建一个简单的程序。
什么是AB PLCAB PLC(全称 Allen-Bradley Programmable Logic Controller)是一种可编程逻辑控制器,它由美国技术公司Rockwell Automation生产。
它们主要用于工业过程中的自动化控制,例如生产线和工厂自动化。
PLC的核心部分是一个微处理器,它可以通过可编程的软件来控制和监视一个或多个输入输出设备。
AB PLC的结构AB PLC通常可以分为三个部分:输入模块、处理器和输出模块。
其结构如下图所示。
[AB_PLC_1.png]输入模块接受由传感器或其他设备发送的信号,并将其转换为可识别的数字输入。
处理器是PLC的心脏,它接收输入并执行已编程的逻辑。
当输出条件满足时,输出模块将生成一个或多个数字输出信号,这些信号可以控制其他设备或执行其他需要的逻辑。
AB PLC程序基础AB PLC程序是通过使用可编程控制器上的编程设备编写的。
通常使用逻辑图或指令列表等编程语言来实现逻辑控制。
您还可以使用函数块图,结构化文本等其他编程语言。
逻辑图逻辑图是最常用的AB PLC程序编程语言。
该语言使用图形符号和逻辑运算符来表示逻辑控制。
以下是一个简单的逻辑图示例。
[AB_PLC_2.png]在这个例子中,一个数字输入信号被读取。
如果此输入等于1,则输出模块将发送一个数字输出信号。
这个简单的逻辑表达了如果输入是1,则输出是1的逻辑控制。
指令列表指令列表是一种类似于汇编代码的AB PLC程序编程语言。
该语言使用指令和寄存器来表示逻辑控制。
以下是一个简单的指令列表示例。
LDA I:1CMP 10JNE 20OUT O:120 : END在这个例子中,程序将读取地址I:1中的数字输入,将其与10进行比较。
如果两者不相等,则跳转到地址20处,否则将数字输出发送到地址O:1中。
可编程控制器英文文献及其翻译

Programmable Logic ControllerA programmable logic controller (PLC) or programmable controller is a digital computer used for automation of electromechanical processes, such as control of machinery on factory assembly lines, amusement rides, or lighting fixtures. PLCs are used in many industries and machines. Unlike general-purpose computers, the PLC is designed for multiple inputs and output arrangements, extended temperature ranges, immunity to electrical noise, and resistance to vibration and impact. Programs to control machine operation are typically stored in battery-backed or non-volatile memory. A PLC is an example of a real time system since output results must be produced in response to input conditions within a bounded time, otherwise unintended operation will result.1.HistoryThe PLC was invented in response to the needs of the American automotive manufacturing industry. Programmable logic controllers were initially adopted by the automotive industry where software revision replaced the re-wiring of hard-wired control panels when production models changed.Before the PLC, control, sequencing, and safety interlock logic for manufacturing automobiles was accomplished using hundreds or thousands of relays, cam timers, and drum sequencers and dedicated closed-loop controllers. The process for updating such facilities for the yearly model change-over was very time consuming and expensive, as electricians needed to individually rewire each and every relay.In 1968 GM Hydramatic (the automatic transmission division of General Motors) issued a request for proposal for an electronic replacement for hard-wired relay systems. The winning proposal came from Bedford Associates of Bedford, Massachusetts. The first PLC, designated the 084 because it was Bedford Associates' eighty-fourth project, was the result. Bedford Associates started a new company dedicated to developing, manufacturing, selling, and servicing this new product: Modicon, which stood for MOdular DIgital CONtroller. One of the people who worked on that project was Dick Morley, who is considered to be the "father" of thePLC. The Modicon brand was sold in 1977 to Gould Electronics, and later acquired by German Company AEG and then by French Schneider Electric, the current owner.One of the very first 084 models built is now on display at Modicon's headquarters in North Andover, Massachusetts. It was presented to Modicon by GM, when the unit was retired after nearly twenty years of uninterrupted service. Modicon used the 84 moniker at the end of its product range until the 984 made its appearance.The automotive industry is still one of the largest users of PLCs.2.DevelopmentEarly PLCs were designed to replace relay logic systems. These PLCs were programmed in "ladder logic", which strongly resembles a schematic diagram of relay logic. This program notation was chosen to reduce training demands for the existing technicians. Other early PLCs used a form of instruction list programming, based on a stack-based logic solver.Modern PLCs can be programmed in a variety of ways, from ladder logic to more traditional programming languages such as BASIC and C. Another method is State Logic, a very high-level programming language designed to program PLCs based on state transition diagrams.Many early PLCs did not have accompanying programming terminals that were capable of graphical representation of the logic, and so the logic was instead represented as a series of logic expressions in some version of Boolean format, similar to Boolean algebra. As programming terminals evolved, it became more common for ladder logic to be used, for the aforementioned reasons. Newer formats such as State Logic and Function Block (which is similar to the way logic is depicted when using digital integrated logic circuits) exist, but they are still not as popular as ladder logic.A primary reason for this is that PLCs solve the logic in a predictable and repeating sequence, and ladder logic allows the programmer (the person writing the logic) to see any issues with the timing of the logic sequence more easily than would be possible in other formats.3.ProgrammingEarly PLCs, up to the mid-1980s, were programmed using proprietary programming panels or special-purpose programming terminals, which often had dedicated function keys representing the various logical elements of PLC programs.Programs were stored on cassette tape cartridges. Facilities for printing and documentation were very minimal due to lack of memory capacity. The very oldest PLCs used non-volatile magnetic core memory.More recently, PLCs are usually programmed using special application software written for use on desktop computers, and connecting between the desktop computer and the PLC such as via Ethernet or RS-232 cabling. Such software allows entry and editing of the ladder style logic, and then may provide additional functionality to assist debugging and troubleshooting the software, for example by highlights portions of the logic to show current status during operation or via simulation. Finally, the software may allow uploading and downloading of the program between the computer and the PLC, for backup and restoration purposes. Alternately, specific devices known as programming boards are used to hard wire the logic into the controller by the use of a removable chip, such as an EEPROM, where the program is transferred to the programming board from the workstation via serial or other bus logic.4.FunctionalityThe functionality of the PLC has evolved over the years to include sequential relay control, motion control, process control, distributed control systems and networking. The data handling, storage, processing power and communication capabilities of some modern PLCs are approximately equivalent to desktop computers. PLC-like programming combined with remote I/O hardware, allow a general-purpose desktop computer to overlap some PLCs in certain applications. Regarding the practicality of these desktop computer based logic controllers, it is important to note that they have not been generally accepted in heavy industry because the desktop computers run on less stable operating systems than do PLCs, and because the desktop computer hardware is typically not designed to the same levels of tolerance to temperature, humidity, vibration, and longevity as the processors used in PLCs. In addition to the hardware limitations of desktop based logic, operating systems such as Windows do not lend themselves to deterministic logic execution, with the result that the logic may not always respond to changes in logic state or input status with the extreme consistency in timing as is expected from PLCs. Still, such desktop logic applications find use in less critical situations, such as laboratory automation and use in small facilities where the application is less demanding and critical, because they are generally much less expensive than PLCs.In more recent years, small products called PLRs (programmable logic relays), and also by similar names, have become more common and accepted. These are verymuch like PLCs, and are used in light industry where only a few points of I/O (i.e. a few signals coming in from the real world and a few going out) are involved, and low cost is desired. These small devices are typically made in a common physical size and shape by several manufacturers, and branded by the makers of larger PLCs to fill out their low end product range. Popular names include PICO Controller, NANO PLC, and other names implying very small controllers. Most of these have between 8 and 12 digital inputs, 4 and 8 digital outputs, and up to 2 analog inputs. Size is usually about 4" wide, 3" high, and 3" deep. Most such devices include a tiny postage stamp sized LCD screen for viewing simplified ladder logic (only a very small portion of the program being visible at a given time) and status of I/O points, and typically these screens are accompanied by a 4-way rocker push-button plus four more separate push-buttons, similar to the key buttons on a VCR remote control, and used to navigate and edit the logic. Most have a small plug for connecting via RS-232 to a personal computer so that programmers can use simple Windows applications for programming instead of being forced to use the tiny LCD and push-button set for this purpose. Unlike regular PLCs that are usually modular and greatly expandable, the PLRs are usually not modular or expandable, but their price can be two orders of magnitude less than a PLC and they still offer robust design and deterministic execution of the logic.5.FeaturesThe main difference from other computers is that PLCs are armored for severe conditions (such as dust, moisture, heat, cold) and have the facility for extensive input/output (I/O) arrangements. These connect the PLC to sensors and actuators. PLCs read limit switches, analog process variables (such as temperature and pressure), and the positions of complex positioning systems. Some use machine vision. On the actuator side, PLCs operate electric motors, pneumatic or hydraulic cylinders, magnetic relays, solenoids, or analog outputs. The input/output arrangements may be built into a simple PLC, or the PLC may have external I/O modules attached to a computer network that plugs into the PLC.6.System styleA small PLC will have a fixed number of connections built in for inputs and outputs. Typically, expansions are available if the base model has insufficient I/O.Modular PLCs have a chassis (also called a rack) into which are placed modules with different functions. The processor and selection of I/O modules is customised for the particular application. Several racks can be administered by a single processor, and may have thousands of inputs and outputs. A special high speed serial I/O link is used so that racks can be distributed away from the processor, reducing the wiring costs for large plants.7.PLC compared with other control systemsPLCs are well-adapted to a range of automation tasks. These are typically industrial processes in manufacturing where the cost of developing and maintaining the automation system is high relative to the total cost of the automation, and where changes to the system would be expected during its operational life. PLCs contain input and output devices compatible with industrial pilot devices and controls; little electrical design is required, and the design problem centers on expressing the desired sequence of operations. PLC applications are typically highly customized systems so the cost of a packaged PLC is low compared to the cost of a specific custom-built controller design. On the other hand, in the case of mass-produced goods, customized control systems are economic due to the lower cost of the components, which can be optimally chosen instead of a "generic" solution, and where the non-recurring engineering charges are spread over thousands or millions of units.For high volume or very simple fixed automation tasks, different techniques are used. For example, a consumer dishwasher would be controlled by an electromechanical cam timer costing only a few dollars in production quantities.A microcontroller-based design would be appropriate where hundreds or thousands of units will be produced and so the development cost (design of power supplies, input/output hardware and necessary testing and certification) can be spread over many sales, and where the end-user would not need to alter the control. Automotive applications are an example; millions of units are built each year, and very few end-users alter the programming of these controllers. However, some specialty vehicles such as transit busses economically use PLCs instead of custom-designed controls, because the volumes are low and the development cost would be uneconomic.Very complex process control, such as used in the chemical industry, may require algorithms and performance beyond the capability of even high-performance PLCs. Very high-speed or precision controls may also require customized solutions; for example, aircraft flight controls.Programmable controllers are widely used in motion control, positioning control and torque control. Some manufacturers produce motion control units to be integrated with PLC so that G-code (involving a CNC machine) can be used to instruct machine movements.PLCs may include logic for single-variable feedback analog control loop, a "proportional, integral, derivative" or "PID controller." A PID loop could be used to control the temperature of a manufacturing process, for example. Historically PLCs were usually configured with only a few analog control loops; where processes required hundreds or thousands of loops, a distributed control system (DCS) would instead be used. As PLCs have become more powerful, the boundary between DCS and PLC applications has become less distinct.PLCs have similar functionality as Remote Terminal Units. An RTU, however, usually does not support control algorithms or control loops. As hardware rapidly becomes more powerful and cheaper, RTUs, PLCs and DCSs are increasingly beginning to overlap in responsibilities, and many vendors sell RTUs with PLC-like features and vice versa. The industry has standardized on the IEC 61131-3 functional block language for creating programs to run on RTUs and PLCs, although nearly all vendors also offer proprietary alternatives and associated development environments.可编程控制器可编程逻辑控制器(PLC)或可编程控制器是一种数字化的计算机,机电流程自动化应用,如机械控制的工厂流水线,机动游戏,或照明装置。
RockwellABPLC基础培训入门篇

Rockwell AB PLC 基础培训入门篇,7天熟悉AB PLC系统开发第一篇AB的PLC产品长期以来一直被认为最可靠、最高端的PLC产品,产品的质量和性能为世界顶级,AB品牌属于美国ROCKWELL公司,其生产的PLC2(可能很多人并不知道,P LC5知道的人很多,在之前还有PLC2,PLC3产品)产品目前在世界上仍然有很多地方继续在工作。
AB的PLC大致可以分如下几类:1.Logix平台产品,细分如下:ControlLogix、CompactLogix、FlexLogix该系列产品全部采用Logix5000软件进行编程组态2.SLC500平台产品SLC500、MicroLogix该系列产品全部采用Logix500软件进行编程组态3.PLC5,PLC3,PLC2等老产品PLC5采用RsLogix5软件进行编程组态,某些老的型号采用DOS版6200软件进行编程PLC3,PLC2采用DOS版6200软件进行编程组态其中PLC2有几款第3方开发的编程软件,全运行在DOS环境下由于PLC5等产品非目前主流产品,正在逐步被淘汰,因此本文不将其作为讨论的主要内容。
RsLinx技术介绍:RsLinx软件为ROCKWELL产品提供了统一的通讯平台,是进行编程的必要软件之一。
RsLinx软件根据六个版本分为:RSLinx Lite、RSLinx Single Node、RSLinx OEM、RSLinx P rofessional、RSLinx Gateway、RSLinx SDK。
版本在RSLinx OEM以后的4个版本均支持开发OPC应用程序或C-API客户程序,并在RSLinx S DK中包括了开发OPC应用程序或C-API客户程序的技术资料。
标准版,Lite版本,此版本为免费版本,仅支持PLC编程通讯专业版,Professional版本,提供了OPC DDE SERVER功能,可以作为组态软件的通讯驱动,并且支持RSLINX C API开发的应用程序或驱动OEM版,单节点版,很少见,名如其意,也能支持OPC DDE SERVER网关版,Gateway版本,比专业版本增加了Remote 远程访问的能力,如远程OPC等。
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外文原文Rockwell A-B programmable controller system software The Rockwell automation besides provides the automated foundation hardware, but also provides the massive software tool, and has contained newest Microsoft 32 Windows NT and the ActiveXTM technology in its product.These softwares use the open style industry standard for the user to provide the convenience.Moreover draws support from DDE, ActiveX and the ODBC compatible technology and so on, causes the field data to tolerate moves with other application software realization integration.Like this does not need to each application software to establish the label database many times, thus enhanced the software to be possible enormously to duplicate the use.Rockwell Software has provided one from the workshop to the top layer solution.First may use the Rewired development control electricity schematic diagram, and programming software uses the label in RSLogix in the TMPLC which in RSWire inputs.With the aid of RSView32, and uses these labels once more, establishes a MMI system carries on the monitoring to the automatic equipment and the process.Again joins RSToolsTM and the RSLadderTMActiveX control, develops own application software, and with scene equipment realization perfect connection.Now, might shares the field data using RSLinx and the data server, if the data logging enterprise database system in, might use RSSqlTM.Once the data collection, may use RSMailmanTM is in company's certain departments provides the real-time data, realizes the alert notice, or realization stock management.The Rockwell Software software may divide into 7 kinds generally:1. Correspondence software;2. Module software;3. Designs the software;4. Diagnoses the software;5. Man-machine contact surface software;6. Programs the software;7. RS and A-B documentsElevator control function synopsisThe modern elevator may have the following basic function, these functions have are the factory took the standard function disposition on the elevator, some is may according to the user request disposition.In addition the elevator also has some other new functions.The single Taiwan elevator function1.1 drivers operate.Closes the start elevator movement by the driver, the instruction button elects by the sedan in to, outside the hall summons only can be suitable approaches the truncation ladder, automatic even level.1.2 volumes choose the control.The collection chooses the control is outside the instruction and the hall summons the sedan theater box in and so on each kind of signal centralism to carry on generalized analysis processing the highly automatic control function.It can to outside the sedan theater box instruction, the hall summon the registration, stops the station time delay to close automatically the starting movement, cocurrent replies one by one, the automatic even level opens the door automatically, along approaches the truncation ladder, the automatic reverse forced reversing reverse reply, can automatic responding to a call serve.1.3 downward volumes elect.Only when downward has the collection to choose the function, therefore outside the hall only supposes downward summons the button, upward cannot the truncation ladder.1.4 independent operations.Only the instruction drives through the sedan in toward the specific floor, specially provides the service for the specific floor passenger, the no-relay other stations summons with the hall outside.1.5 special floor priorities.When the special floor has the summon, elevator by shortest time reply.When the reply goes, does not pay attention to in the sedan the instruction and other summons.After arrives this special floor, this function cancels automatically.1.6 stops the ladder operation.In at night, the weekend or the holiday, through stop the ladder switch use elevator to stop are assigning the floor.When stops the ladder, sedan gate closure, illumination, ventilator power failure, in order to help electricity saving, security.1.7 code safety systems.This function uses in limiting the passenger to pass in and out certain floors, only then works as the user through the keyboard entry preset code, the elevator can drive toward limits the floor.1.8 full load controls.When in sedan full load, does not respond outside the hall to summon.1.9 prevents the practical joke function.This function prevented presses down in excessively many sedans because of the practical joke the instruction button.This function is (passenger population) the instruction number carries on automatically the sedan theater box load-carrying capacity with the sedan in the comparison, if the passenger counts too few, but the instruction counts excessively much, then cancels in automatically the wrong unnecessary sedan the instruction.1.10 elimination invalid instructions.Eliminates all and in the elevator movement direction not symbol sedan the instruction.1.11 opening the door time automatic control.Summons, in the sedan according to the hall outside in the instruction type as well as the sedan the situation, automatic control opening the door time.1.12 presses the passenger capacity control opening the door time.Monitors passenger's turnover current capacity, causes the opening the door time to be shortest.1.13 opening the door time extension es in lengthening the opening the door time, causes the passenger smooth turnover sedan theater box.1.14 breakdowns open the door again.When the breakdown causes the elevator door cannot close, causes the gate to open again tries to close.1.15 forces closes.When the gate is prevented surpasses certain time, sends out the alarm, and closes forcefully by certain strength.1.16 es for to monitor the passenger or the cargo turnover situation.1.17 light curtains induce the ing light curtain effect, when closes still had the passenger to pass in and out, then the sedan gate has not touched the human body to be able automatic to open the door.1.18 secondary control boxes.Left side establishes the secondary control box in the sedantheater box, above is equipped with in various floors sedan the instruction button, is advantageous for the passenger to be crowded time uses.1.19 lights and ventilator automatic control.Does not have outside the hall in the elevator to summon the signal, when also also does not have in for a period of time the sedan the instruction initialization, the automatic turnoff illumination, the ventilator power source, favors the energy conservation.1.20 electrons touch Niu.Touches the button with the finger then to complete outside lightly the hall to summon or in the sedan the instruction registration work.1.21 light newspaper station.When the elevator will arrive, outside the hall the light will flash, and will have pair of sound newspaper station Zhong Baozhan.1.22 automatic es the large scale integrated circuit pronunciation synthesis, the broadcast gentle female voice.Has many kinds of contents to be possible to supply the choice, including reported the floor, gives regards and so on.1.23 low speed help oneself.When the elevator stops when the level, the automatic low speed sails to the recent floor to stop the ladder to open the door.1.24 power cuts urgent operation.When the city electricity electrical network power cut, the emergency power supply moves the elevator to assigns the floor to wait for an opportunity.1.25 fires urgent operation.When has the fire, causes the elevator to move automatically to assigns the floor to wait for an opportunity.1.26 fire operations.When fire switch closed, causes the elevator self-recovery base depot, this time only can carry on in the sedan by the fire fighter to operate.1.27 earthquakes urgent operation.Through the seismograph to the earthquake test, causes the sedan theater box to stop in the recent floor, lets the passenger leave rapidly, guards against the building because of earthquake swinging, damages the guide rail, the elevator is unable to move, endangers the personal safety.1.28 initial period fine motion earthquake urgent operation.Examines the earthquake initial period fine motion before, namely occurs in the host vibration causes the sedan theater box to stop in the recent floor.1.29 failure detections.(May store 8~20 breakdowns generally) the breakdown recording in the microcomputer memory, and by digital demonstration breakdown nature.When the breakdown surpasses certain quantity, the elevator then stops the movement.Only then the elimination breakdown, after eliminates the memory recording, the elevator can move.The majority microcomputer control elevator all has this kind of function.The group control elevator control functiongroup control elevator is the multi-Taiwan elevator centralism arrangement, altogether has outside the hall to summon the button, according to stipulated procedure centralized dispatching and control elevator.Group control elevator besides above single ladder control function, but also may by the following function.2.1 most greatly smallest functions.When the system assigns 1 elevator responding to a call, causes to wait the ladder time to be smallest, and forecasts the possible biggest waiting time, but treats the ladder time balanced, prevented the long time waits for.2.2 priority schedulings.When treats the ladder time does not surpass the rating, to some floor hall summons, by has accepted this in instruction the elevator responding to a call.2.3 region priorities.When appears a succession of summons, the region priority system first picks out “the long time waits for” summons the signal neighbor, then inspects these to summon whether has the elevator.If has, then by neighbor elevator responding to a call, otherwise by “is most greatly smallest” the principle to control.2.4 special level building common control.Including:①The dining room, the performance hall and so on store the system;②And summons the frequency according to the sedan theater box load situation to determine whether crowded;③When crowded, assigns 2 elevator specialties to serve for these floors;④Crowded when does not cancel these buildings summoning;⑤Crowded time automatic extension opening the door time;⑥Restores after crowded, transfers by “is most greatly smallest” the principle to control.2.5 full load reports.The statistics summons the situation and the load situation, with forecasts the full load, avoids dispatching some elevator to trade faction 1 in the midway.This function only has an effect to the cocurrent signal.2.6 started the elevator first.To some summoning, should by stop the level standbyoriginally according to responding to a call the time shortest principle the elevator to be responsible.But this time system judges first if does not start stops the level standby elevator, but treats the ladder time by other elevator responding to a call time passenger whether crosses grows.If long, by other elevators responding to a call, but does not start the standby elevator.2.7 “the long time waits for” summons the control.When pressed “was most grea tly smallest” the principle control appears the passenger long time to wait for the situation, then changed over to “the long time to wait for” summons the control, sent 1 elevator to go in addition responding to a call.2.8 special floor services.When the special floor has summons, 1 elevator relieves the group control, serves specially for the special floor.2.9 serves specially.The elevator first for assigns the floor to provide the service.2.10 peak services.When in transportation deviation peak or under peak, the elevator automatic enhancement demand is big a side the service.2.11 independent movements.Presses down in the sedan the independent movement switch, this elevator namely is separated from from the group control system, this time only then in the sedan the button instruction has an effect.2.12 disperser backup controls.In the building acts according to the elevator quantity, supposes the low, middle and high base depot, for useless elevator docking.2.13 host docking.In the time at ease, guaranteed 1 elevator stops in the main level.2.14 several kind of movement patterns.①Trough pattern: Transportation sparse when enters the trough pattern.②Conventional pattern: The elevator presses “the psychological waiting time” or “is most greatly smallest” the principle movement.③Upward peak: Early morning the rush hours, all elevators sail to the host level, avoids crowded.④Midday serves: Strengthens the dining room level service.⑤Downward peak: In the evening peak period, enhancement crowded level service.2.15 energy conservation movements.When transportation demand not big, the system finds out when the period of five days ladder time is lower than the predetermined value, namely indicated the service has surpassed the demand.Then will leave unused the elevator tostop the movement, the closure will light a lamp with the ventilator; Or implements the regulating movement, enters the energy conservation running status.If the demand increases, then starts the elevator one after another.2.16 gives way to traffic short-range.When two sedan theater boxes when identical well certain distance, by high speed close can have the air current noise, this time through the examination, causes the elevator each other maintenance certain threshold distance.2.17 immediate forecast functions.Presses down the hall to summon the button, which elevator will forecast first to arrive immediately, will arrive when reports again one time.2.18 monitors the kneading board.Installs in the control room monitors the kneading board, may monitor the multi-Taiwan elevator movement situation through the light indication, but also may choose the most superior movement way.2.19 group control emergency power supply movement.When opens the emergency power supply, the complete elevator returns in turn assigns the level.Then causes the definition quantity the elevator to continue with the emergency power supply to move.2.20 group control fire prevention movement.Presses down the fire switch, the complete elevator sails to the emergency level, causes the passenger to flee the building.2.21 is not controlled elevator processing.If some elevator malfunction, then original will assign to summon transfers other elevators responding to a call.2.22 breakdown backups.When the group control management system management system breaks down, may carry out the simple group control function.中文译文:Rockwell A-B可编程控制器系统软件罗克韦尔自动化除了提供自动化基础硬件外,还提供大量的软件工具,并在其产品中包含了最新的Microsoft的32位Windows NT及ActiveXTM技术。