不知GMAT SC句型,只能徒悲伤
gmat SC语法 笔记总结终极版
句子结构理论1.简单句缺谓语：主语＋修饰成分＋…（缺谓语）S+V+O（S为主语／信息出发点；V+O 为中心／焦点／新消息）•谓语动词V（不可为非谓语）前必须带主语S，不一定带宾语O（O包括双宾语，宾语补足语，或主系表即主语补足语）；•主语＋V-ed：表示被动。
e.g. T’s score compared with L’s score.特例：主动表被动：prove（表证明），come，go，taste，smell（表感官），become, tend, to be（表变化）e.g. The methods are proved to be the best.•主语后另有名词且无修饰关系或非同谓语，错：双主语。
•S,VO 不可 ; S, …, VO 可 ; S - VO 不可 ;S- …- VO 可•S＋V1 and V2 即S V1 and S V2 ：对2.并列句缺谓语：主语＋谓语＋and＋修饰成分；主语＋修饰成分＋and＋谓语（看逻辑解题）•连词的使用：-并列句的连词：and（前后无逻辑关系，所以在并列句中表逻辑关系可（在and后）加上thus, then等表逻辑的词；as well as的并列不并重（后一个的内容为顺便提的），且后一般不直接加名词，and并重）；but，yet（表转折）；so，for（表因果）；or，nor（表选择）-从属连词（从句）：although，because，while，when，if，so that，as-副词（不能连接两个句子或引导句子，仅表示一种逻辑关系）：how，thus，therefore，thereby，nevertheless，even，hence等。
•分号（破折号类似）表示：句意相近，后句中要依托前句，表意才完整，即无明显逻辑关系。
用法：连接两个可以独立存在的句子；作承接／转折（transition expression）；作分割句中含有逗号的items，可以和and连用3.从句缺主语：从句；从句＋and＋从句•必须有连接词，特例：宾从中that可省可不省；所有从句中先行词充当宾语时，that可省略。
GMAT OG12 SC总结
正确选项题号句子主干Dsight 看见 sheer 垂直的 glisten 反光主句被动句+ 后面分句也是被动句：分句--->主动句Mountains sighted by JC, naming … --- naming的主语是Mountains (JC X)Although a surge …has raised hopes that … ,many economists say that …DE Although …poets had professed … and had pretended to … , it was not until almost 1900 that scholars and critics …began studying …强调句profess 声称 pretend 假装E … , perhaps none was more concentrated than the wave that brought …perhaps > maybe both OKmigration迁移 sweep 清扫A Diabetes, … with its … , ranks as … , surpassed only by ...Diabetes : 糖尿病 Hint ：its ---> diabetes (单)Here : only 修饰 by ... X修饰 surpassed complications 并发症 surpassed 被超过EIn late 1997, the chamber s …were closed tovisitors for cleaning and repair because moisture … had raised …such levels that salt …wascrystallizing and fungus was growing ...chamber 洞穴 exhale 呼出 crystallize 结晶repair : n & v1Mountain s… , were sighted in 1770 by … James Cook, who so nam ed them … because their …rocks glisten ed ...23456E As its sale s… have surpassed those of … , the company has become increasingly willing to compete for … sale s it would in the past have conceded to rivals .concede 退让定语从句 concede sales to rivals 作宾语，所以that可以省略A … theory holds that the universe began …years ago and has been expanding ever since.E Like the Brontes and Brownings, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are subjected to …the Brontes and Brownings 家庭be subjected to 遭受遭遇 veneration 尊敬blur 难以区分B mammals can endure … because they have …a network that keeps …from ...carnivorous mammals 食肉动物 lethal 致命的D There are …, but the most …method has been to form …bricks, and , … , to lay them...并列extensively 广泛地 preliminary 初步的the way to build --->method to form and tolayE Rising inventori es, if not accompanied by …, can lead to …Rising inventori es : X动名词短语日益增多的库存主语rising 修饰 inventories ---> Subject : inventories (pl.)A A surge in… sales and a drop in … claims suggest that the economy might not be as weak as …analysts previously thought主语主语不是claimssth suggest that X+ 虚拟ASunspot s, …, are visible as … on ... buthave never been sighted on the … poles orequator.7891011121314sighted 看见 与 visible对应E Warning that … , the National Academy …has urged … to revamp … , institute …, and create …to take charge of ...并列urge 力劝 revamp 更新，修补institute 建立B Retail sales rose …, intensifying expectations that personal spending … wouldmore than double … rate in …expectation :look to the future but not yetrealizedintensify 增强D The commission has directed …foods that do not contain additives , preservatives,or anything that has been synthesizedB :food that do not … or that has been …X 意思改变additives添加剂 preservatives防腐剂C Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, and converting it to...acquire 获得Plants are more … than fungi (is)are efficient and (are) convertingD The Iroquois were primarily…, although they supplemented their … with ...让步从句本句: contrast + supplement 让步从句E Unlike the honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting … and carries …类比A Neuroscientists,having amassed …knowledge over the past 20 years about the brain and its development from … to … , are now drawing conclusion…knowledge ---> conclusion 逻辑意思 draw 应为谓语搞清谓语amass 积累15161718192021D22None … explains why most of the people exposed to … do not commit crimes and,conversely,why so many of those not so exposed (to ...) do最后的do 代替commit (crimes)be exposed to 遭受 alleged causes 所谓(据称)原因 commit crimes 犯罪conversely 相反地C Once designed with… , the discus used in… is now lined with … ，thereby improving … and resulting in …搞清主语now ---> isdiscus 铁饼 track competition 田径E …, dioxin induces … enzymes that are the organism's attempt to metabolize, or render harmless ,the chemical irritantmetabolize the chemical irritant or render it harmless 使化学刺激物进行新陈代谢 或是 使之变得无害irritant 刺激物 metabolize 使发生新陈代谢render 致使E Using accounts of …, scholars have painted …E26E.D 's letters to S.H D, which were written over a period beginning … before … and ending before …, outnumber her letters to anyone else.意思谓语outnumber 超过D Paleontologists believe that fragment s of …jawbone unearthed …and estimated to be …provide evidence of …Paleontologists 古生物学者 primate 灵长目动物B Buildiing on …, the Mochica developed … society, based on the cultivation of …, the harvesting of … , and the exploitation of … 动作性名词precede 先于 exploitation 开采C… saw …the emergence of … , with …receiving awards, fetching …prices, and exciting …2324252728emergence 出现 fetching 迷人的unprecedented 空前的prize-stock breeding 专门饲养用于比赛用动物C …, … shields … were … items of military equipment, protecting …against ...animal hide shield 兽皮盾 warrior 勇士arrow 箭 spear矛protecting … explains the purpose of the itemsof military …D Even though many … were convinced that … ,Barbara MC adhered to … , and in 1983,…, was awarded a Prize for …让步adhere to …坚持B Galileo was convinced that natualphenomena, … , would appear the same tosomeone … through the water as to a person …manifestation 显示 表明A Because an oversupply of … has sent pricesplunging, the manufacturer has announcedthat it will cut …oversupply 过度供应 plunging 猛跌B… , its survival depend s on whether it canbroaden … and leave survival [n.] 幸存 cramped quarters 狭窄的区CAlong with… , the … sales figures released …seem to indicate that …, although growing slowly , is not nearing ...although (the economy is ) growing slowly ,同主谓可省along with 随着 near [vt.] 靠近接近sales ---> figure NOT figures ----->figures is Subject A 36Dressed as …, Deborah Sampson , … , joined … in 1782 …22, was injured 3 times, and wasdischarged in 1783 because she had become …并列discharge 使退伍29303132333435A Although… , it is so debilitating that it has become an economic drain on ... debilitating 虚弱的 drain 消耗schistosomiasis 血吸虫病 fatal = lethal 致命的E In 1850，LucretiaMott published …, a treatise that argued for …and for ...treatise 专著D In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have …annulled so that he could marry Anne Boleynhave …annulled 使…废除，宣告无效Her : could > would could ： enable him to marrywould: would not ensure his marriageEfashion 形成 invading 入侵的D To develop …, demographer would have to know … more than they do now about …demographer 人口统计学家A Scientists have discovered … organism… , a giant fungus <that is … filigree of …>spawned by … and extending for … that is … : 定语从句interwoven互织 rootlike像根的 spawn产卵fertilized已受精的ELaos has … comparable to that of GreatBritain but … only 4 million people, manyof whom are …only 的位置 服从 原文ensconced 安置好的 安居的37383940Dr. Tonegawa won a Prize for discoveringhow … fashion a seemingly unlimited number of …, each targeted … at an…414243C44The plot of … centers on the rivalry that develops between … and … , when they find …cynical 愤世嫉俗的 ardent 热心的B45Quasar s, … , are believed to be … 类星体B … much of … was expended on … image s and on …temples in which they were enshrined.啰嗦3 tasks : creating images and constructing anddecorating temples to enshrine the BuddhasA Five eagles left … , bringing to …the entire action of their leaving their neststhat brought the number to 34fledgling 雏鸟B In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of lliad, a work that took him … and that …Samuel Johnson , …, pronounced …contemporary 同辈人 同龄人D …system, which …., reduced the time required to assemble … from … to…A … , the gains … reflect … confidence that the economy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come …层层相套Tip : instead2 that既避免了，而又实现了。
GMAT官方指南12版本 语法SC部分详细解析(中文)
A当中的until almost 1900，前后都用逗号隔开，修饰的对象模糊，可能是前半句，也有可能是后半句。
Althoughvariouseighteenth- and nighteenth-century Americanpoetshad professedan interest in Native American poetry andhad pretendedto imitate Native American forms in their own works,itwasnot until almost 1900 that scholars and critics seriouslybeganstudying traditional Native American poetry in native languages.it做形式主语
4.Of all the vast tides of migration that have swept through history,maybenoneismore concentrated asthe wavethatbrought12 million immigrants onto American shores in little more than three decades.
6.In late 1997,the chambersinside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure atGizawere closedto visitors for cleaning and repairdue to moisture exhaled by tourists, which raised its humidity to such level so that salt from the stone was crystallizingand fungus was growing on the walls.
GMAT-OG12-SC正确句子总结
1.The Glass House Mountains in Queensland, Australia, were sighted in 1770 by the Englishnavigator Captain James Cook, who so named them supposedly because their sheer wet rocks glistened like glass.2.Although a surge in retail sales has raised hopes that a recovery is finally under way, manyeconomists say that without a large amount of spending the recovery might not last.3.Although various eighteenth- and nineteenth-century American poets had professed aninterest in Native American poetry and had pretended to imitate Native American forms in their own works, it was not until almost 1900 that scholars and critics seriously began studying traditional Native American poetry in native languages.4.Of all the vast tides of imgration that have swept through history, perhaps none was moreconcentrated than the wave that brought 12 million immigrants onto American shores in little more than three decades.5.Diabetes, together with its serious complications, ranks as the nation’s third leading cause ofdeath, surpassed only by heart disease and cancer.6.In late 1997, the chambers inside the pyramid of the Pharaoh Menkaure at Giza were closed tovistors for cleaning and repair because moisture exhaled by tourists had raised the humidity within them to such level that salt from the stone was crystallizing and fungus was growing on the walls,7.As its sales of computer products have surpassed those of measuring instruments, thecompany has become increasingly willing to compete for the mass market sales it would in the past have conceded to rivals.8.The widely accepted big bang theory holds that the universe began in an explosive instant tento twenty billion years ago and has been expanding ever since9.Like the Brontes and Brownings, James Joyce and Virginia Woolf are often subjected to thekind of veneration that blurs the distinction between the artist and the human being.10.Carnivorous mammals can endure what would otherwise be lethal level of body heat becausethey have a heat-exchange network that keeps the brain from getting too hot.11.There are several ways to build solid walls using just mud or clay, but the most extensivelyused method has been to form the mud or clay into bricks, and, after some preliminary air drying or sun drying, to lay them in the wall in mud mortar.12.Rising inventories, if not accompanied by corresponding increases in sales, can lead toproduction cutbacks that would hamper economic growth.13.A surge in new home sales and a drop in weekly unemployment claims suggest that theeconomy might not be as weak as some analysts previously thought.14.Sunspots,vortices of gas associated with strong electromagnetic activity, are visible as darkspots on the surface of the Sun but have never been sighted on the Sun's poles or equator. 15.Warning that computers in the United States are not secure, the National Academy ofSciences has urged the nation to revamp computer security procedures, institute new emergency response teams, and create a special nongovernment organization to take charge of computer security planning.16.Retail sales rose 0.8 of 1 percent in August,intendifying expectations that personal spendingin the July-September quarter would more than double the 1.4 percent growth rate in personal spending for the previous quarter.17.The commission has directed advertisers to restrict the use of the word"natural"to foods thatdo not contain color of flavor additives, chemical preservatives, or anything that has been synthesized.18.Plants are more efficient than fungi at acquiring carbon, in the form of carbon dioxide, andconverting it to energy-rich sugars.19.The Iroquois were primarily planters, although they supplemented their cultivation of maize,squash, and beans with fishing and hunting20.Unlike the honeybee, the yellow jacket can sting repeatedly without dying and carries a potentvenom that can cause intense pain.21.Neuroscientist, having amassed a wealth of knowledge over the past twenty years about thebrain and its development from birth to adulthood, are now drawing solid conclusions about how the human brain grows and how babies acquire language.22.None of the attempts to specify the cause of crime explains why most of the people exposedto the alleged causes do not commit crimes and, conversely, why so many of those not so exposed do.23.Once designed with its weight concentrated in a metal center, the discus used in trackcompetition is now lined with lead around the perimeter, thereby improving stability in flight and resulting in longer throws.24.In virtually all types of tissue in every animal species, dioxin induces the production ofenzymes that are the organism's attempt to metabolize, or render harmless, the chemical irritant.ing accounts of various ancient writers, scholars have painted a sketchy picture of theactivities of an all-female cult that, perhaps as early as the sixth century B.C., worshipped a goddess known in Latin as Bona Dea,"the good goddess".26.Emily Dickinson's letters to Susan Huntington Dickinson, which were written over a periodbeginning a few years before Susan's marriage to Emily's brother and ending shortly before Emily's death in 1886, outnumber her letters to anyone else.27.Paleontologists believe that fragments of a primate jawbone unearthed in Burma andestimated to be 40 to 44 million years old provide evidence of a crucial step along the evolutionary path that led to human beings.28.Building on civilizations that preceded them in coastal Peru, the Mochica developed their ownelaborate society, based on the cultivation of such crops as corn and beans, the harvesting of fish and seafood, and the exploitation of other wild and domestic resources.29.The end of the eighteenth century saw the emergence of prize-stock breeding, with individualbulls and cows receiving awards, fetching unprecedented prices, and exciting enormous interest whenever they were put on show.30.For members of the seventeenth-century Ashanti nation in Africa, animal-hide shields withwooden frames were essential items of military equipment, protecting warriors against enemy arrows and spears.31.Even though many of her colleagues were convinced that genes were relatively simple andstatic, Brabara McClintock adhered to her own more complicated ideas about how genes might operate, and in 1983, at the age of 81, was awarded a Nobel Prize for her discovery that the genes in corn are capable of moving from one chromosomal site to another.32.Galileo was convinced that natural phenomena, as manifestations of the laws of physics,would appear the same to someone on the deck of a ship moving smoothly and uniformly through the water as to a person standing on land.33.Because an oversupply of computer chips has sent price plunging, the manufacturer hasannounced that it will cut production by closing its factories for two days a month.34.Beyond the immediate cash flaw crisis that the museum faces, its survival depends on whetherit can broaden its membership and leave its cramped quarters for a site where it can store and exhibit its more than 12,000 artifacts.35.Along with the drop in producer prices announced yesterday, the strong retail sales figuresreleased today seem to indicate that the economy, although growing slowly, is not nearing a recession.36.Dressed as a man and using the name Robert Shurtleff, Deborah Sampson, the first woman todraw a soldier's pension, joined the Continental Army in 1782 at the age of 22, was injured three times, and was discharged in 1783 because she had become too ill to serve.37.Although schistosomiasis is not often fatal, it is so debilitating that it has become an economicdrain on many developing countries.38.In 1850, Lucretia Mott published her Discourse on Women, a treatise that argued for equalpolitical and legal rights for women and for changes in the married women's property laws. 39.In 1527 King Henry VIII sought to have his marriage to Queen Catherine annulled so that hecould marry Anne Boleyn.40.Dr.Tonegawa won the Nobel Prize for discovering how the body can constantly change itsgenes to fashion a seemingly unlimited number of antibodies, each targeted specifically at an invading microbe or foreign substance.41.To develop more accurate population forecasts, demographers would have to know a greatdeal more than they do now about the social and economic determinants of fertility.42.Scientists have recently discovered what could be the largest and oldest living organism onEarth, a giant fungus that is an interwoven filigree of mushrooms and rootlike tentacles spawned by a single fertilized spore some 10,000 years ago and extending for more than 30 acres in the soil of a Michigan forest.os has a land area comparable to that of Great Britain but a population of only four millionpeople, many of whom are members of hill tribes ensconced in the virtually inaccessible mountain valleys of the north.44.The plot of the Bostonians centers on the rivalry that develops between Olive Chancellor, anactive feminist, and Basil Ransom,her charming and cynical cousin, when they find themselves drawn to the same radiant young woman whose talent for public speaking has won her an ardent following.45.Quasars, at billions of light-years from Earth the most distant observable objects in theuniverse, are believed to be the cores of galaxies in an early stage of development.46.In ancient Thailand, much of the local artisans' creative energy was expended on the creationof Buddha images and on construction and decoration of the temples in which they were enshrined.47.Five fledgling sea eagles left their nests in western Scotland this summer, bringing to 34 thenumber of wild birds successfully raised since transplants from Norway began in 1975.48.In 1713, Alexander Pope began his translation of the Iliad, a work that took him seven yearsuntil complete and that literary critic Samuel Johnson,Pope's contemporary, pronounced the greatest translation in any language.49.The automotive conveyor-belt system, which Henry Ford modeled after an assembly-linetechnique introduced by Ransom Olds, reduced the time required to assemble a Model T froma day and a half to 93 minutes.50.According to some analysts, the gains in the stock market reflect growing confidence that theeconomy will avoid the recession that many had feared earlier in the year and instead come in for a "soft landing", followed by a gradual increase in business activity.51.A new study suggests that the conversational pace of everyday life may be so brisk that ithampers the ability of some children to distinguish discrete sounds and words and, as a result, to make sense of speech.52.Long before it was fashionable to be an expatriate, Josephine Baker made Paris her home, andshe remained in France during the Second World War as a performer and an intelligence agent for the Resistance.53.The nineteenth-century chemist Humphry Davy presented the results of his early experimentsin his "Essay on Heat and Light," a critique of all chemistry since Robert Boyle as well as a vision of a new chemistry that Davy hoped to found.54.The report recommended that the hospital eliminate unneeded beds, consolidate expensiveservices, and use space in other hospitals.55.Many house builder offer rent-to-buy programs that enable a family with insufficient savingsfor a conventional down payment to move into new housing and to apply part of the rent to a purchase later.56.Many of the earliest known images of Hindu deities in India date from the time of the KushanEmpire and were fashioned either from the spotted sandstone of Mathura or from Gandharan grey schist57.It can hardly be said that educators are at fault for not anticipating the impact ofmicrocomputer technology: Alvin Toffler, one of the most prominent student of the future,did not even mention microcomputers in Future Shock, published in 1970.58.A leading figure in the Scottish Enlightenmen, Adam Smith wrote two major books that are todemocratic capitalism what Marx's Das Kapital is to socialism.59.The Olympic Games helped to keep peace among the pugnacious states of the Greekworld，for a sacred truce was proclaimed during the month of festival.60.While all states face similar industrial waste problems, the predominating industries and theregulatory environment of each states obviously determine the types and amounts of waste produced, as well as the cost of disposal.61.Rivaling the pyramids of Egypt or even the ancient cities of the Maya as an achievement, thearmy of terra-cotta warriors created to protect Qin Shi Huang, China's first emperor, in his afterlife is more than 2,000 years old and took 700,000 artisans more than 36 years to complete.62.When Congress reconvenes, some newly elected members from rural states will try toestablish tighter restrictions on the amount of grain farmers will be allowed to grow and to encourage more aggressive sales of United States farm products overseas.63.The yield of natural gas from Norway's Troll gas field is expected to increase annually untilthe year 2005 and then to stabilize at six billion cubic feet a day, an extraction rate that will allow at least 50 years production.64.Doctors generally agree that such factors as cigarette smoking, eating rich foods high in fats,and alcohol consumption not only do damage by themselves but also aggravate genetic predispositions toward certain diseases.65.In a plan to stop the erosion of East Coast beaches, the Army Crops of Engineers proposedbuilding parallel to shore a breakwater of rocks that would rise six feet above the waterline and act as a buffer, absorbing the energy of crashing waves and pretecting the beaches.66.The 32 species that make up the dolphin family are closely related to whales and in factinclude the animal known as the killer whale, which can grow to be 30 feet long and is famous for its aggressive hunting pods.67.Affording strategic proximity to the Strait Gibraltar,Morocco was also of interest to theFrench throughout the first half of the twentieth century because they assumed that without it their trip on Algeria would never be secure.68.The first trenches cut into a 500-acre site at Tell Hamoukar,Syria, have yielded strongevidence that centrally administered complex societies in northern regions of the Middle East arose simultaneously with but independently of the more celebrated city-states of southern Mesopotamia, in what is now southern Iraq.69.Once they had seen the report from the medical examiner, the investigators had no doubt thatthe body recovered from the river was that of the man who had attempted to escape from the state prison.70.His studies of ice-polished rocks in his Alpine homeland, far outside the range of present-dayglaciers, led Louis Agassiz in 1837 to propose the concept of an age in which great ice sheets existed in what are now temperate areas.71.Unlike the original National Museum of Science and Technology in Italy, where the modelsare encased in glass or operated only by staff members, the Virtual Leonardo Project,an online version of the museum,encourages visitors to "touch" each exhibit and thereby (to) activate the animated functions of the piece72.More and more in recent years,cities are stressing the arts as a means to greater economicdevelopment and investing millions of dollars in cultural activities, despite strained municipal budgets and fading federal support.bining enormous physical strength with higher intelligence, the Neanderthals appear tohave been equipped to face any obstacle the environment could put in their path, but their relatively sudden disappearance during the Paleolithic era indicates that an inability to adapt to some environmental change led to their extinction.74.A 1972 agreement between Canada and the United States reduced the amount of phosphatesthat municipalities are allowed to dump into the Great Lakes75.A proposal has been made to trim the horns from rhinoceroses to discourage poachers；thequestion is whether tourists will continue to visit game parks to see rhinoceroses once the animals' horns have been trimmed.76.Retailers reported moderate gains in their November sales, as much because their sales a yearearlier had been so bad as because shoppers were getting a head start on buying their holiday gifts.77.The only way for growers to salvage frozen citrus is to have it quickly processed into juiceconcentrate before warmer weather returns and rots the fruit.78.Fossils of the arm of a sloth, found in Puerto Rico in 1991, have been dated at 34 millionyears old, making the sloth the earliest known mammal on the Greater Antilles Islands.79.Defense attorneys have occasionally argued that their client's misconduct stemmed from areaction to something ingested, but if criminal or delinquent behavior is attributed to an allergy to some food, the perpetrators are in effect told that they are not responsible for their action.80.A report by the American Academy for the Advancement of Science has concluded that manyof the currently uncontrolled dioxins to which North Americans are exposed come from the incineration of wastes.81.Recently physicians have determined that stomach ulcers are caused not by stress, alcohol, orrich foods, but by a bacterium that dwells in the mucous lining of the stomach.82.According to a recent poll, owning and living in a freestanding house on its own land is still agoal of a majority of young adults, as it was of earlier generations.83.In 2000, a mere two dozen products accounted for half the increase in spending onprescription drugs, a phenomenon that is explained not just by the fact that drugs are becoming more expensive but also by the fact that doctors are writing many more prescriptions for higher-cost drugs.84.Often visible as smog, ozone is formed in the atmosphere when hydrocarbons and nitrogenoxides, two major pollutants emitted by automobiles, react with sunlight.85.Salt deposits and moisture threaten to destory the Mohenjo-Daro excavation in Pakistan, thesite of an ancient civilization that flourished at the same time as the civilizations in the Nile Delta and the river valleys of the Tigris and Euphrates.86.The results of the company's cost-cutting measures are evident in its profits, which haveincreased 5 percent during the first 3 months of this year after falling over the last two years.87.In an effort to reduce their inventories, Italian vintners have cut prices; their wines are pricedto sell, and they do.88.Jazz pianist and composer Thelonious Monk produced a body of work that was rooted in thestride-piano tradition of Willie(The Lion) Smith and Duke Elligton, yet in many ways he stood apart from the mainstream jazz repertory.89.Dirt roads may evoke the bucolic simplicity of another century, but financially strainedtownships point out that dirt roads cost twice as much to maintain as paved roads do.90.Although early soap operas were first aired on evening radio in the 1920s, they were moved tothe daytime hours in the 1930s when the evening schedule became crowded with comedians and variety shows.91.Nobody knows exactly how many languages there are in the world, partly because of thedifficulty of distinguishing between a language and the sublanguages or dialects within it, but those who have tried to count typically have found about five thousand.92.The energy source on Voyager 2 is not a unclear reactor, in which atoms are activity brokenapart, but rather a kind of unclear battery that uses natural radioactive decay to produce power.93.Heating-oil prices are expected to be higher this year than last because refiners are payingabout $5 a barrel more for crude oil than they were last year.94.The recent surge in the number of airplane flights has clogged the nation's air-traffic controlsystem, leading to a 55 percent increase in delays at airports and prompting fear among some officials that safety is being compromised.95.The peaks of a mountain range,acting like rocks in a streambed, produce ripples in the airflowing over them；the resulting flow pattern, with crests and troughs that remain stationary although the air that forms them is moving rapidly, is known as "standing waves".96.One of the primary distinctions between our intelligence and that of other primates may lienot so much in any specific skill as in our ability to extend knowledge gained in one context to new and different ones.97.Unlike Schoenberg, whose 12-tone system dominated the music of the postwar period, Bartokfounded no school and left behind only a handful of disciples.98.Even though Clovis points, spear points with longitudinal grooves chipped onto their faces,have been found all over North America, they are named for the New Mexico site where they were first discovered in 1932.99.Ranked as one of the most important of Europe's young playwrights, Franz Xaver Kroetz haswritten 40 plays；his works-translated into the more than 30 language-are produced more often than those of any other contemporary German dramatist.100.Like the planets, the stars are in motion,some of them at tremendous speeds, but they are so far away from earth that their apparent positions in the sky do not change enough for their movement to be observed during a single human lifetime.101.Being heavily committed to a course of action, especially one that has worked well in the past, is likely to make an executive miss signs of incipient trouble or misinterpret them when they do appear.102.As rainfall began to decrease in the Southwest about the middle of the twelfth century, most of the Monument Valley Anasazi abandoned their homes to join other clans whose access to water was less limited.103.Yellow jackets number among the 900 or so species of the world's social wasps, wasps that live in a highly cooperative and organized society consisting almost entirely of females--the queen and her sterile female workers.104. El Nino, the periodic abnormal warming of the sea surface off Peru, is a phenomenon in which changes in the ocean and atmosphere combine to allow the warm water that has accumulated in the western Pacific to flow back to the east.105. In her book illustrations,which she carefully coordinated with her narratives, Beatrix Potter capitalized on her keen observation and love of the natural world.106. Marconi conceived of the radio as a tool for private conversation that could substitute for the telephone；instead, it has become precisely the opposite, a tool for communicating with a large, public audience.107.Originally developed for detecting air pollutants, a technique called proton-indeced X-ray emission, which can quickly analyze the chemical elements in almost any substance without destroying it, is finding uses in medicine, archaeology, and criminology.108.Authoritative parents are more likely than permissive parents to have children who as adolescents are self-confident, high in self-esteem, and responsibly independent.109.Among the objects found in the excavated temple were small terra-cotta effigies left by supplicants who were either asking the goddess Bona Dea's aid in healing physical and mental ills or thanking her for such help.110.Published in Harlem, The Messenger was owned and edited by two young journalists, A.Philip Randolph, who would later make his reputation as a labor leader, and Chandler Owen. 111.Construction of the Roman Colosseum, which was officially known as the Flavian Amphitheater, began in A.D.69, during the reign of Vespasian, and was completed the Colosseum with a one-hundred-day cycle of religious pageants, gladitorial games, and spectacles.112.A baby emerges from the darkness of the womb with a rudimentary sense of vision that would be rated about 20/500; an adult with such vision would be deemed legally blind.113.Because the new maritime code provides that even tiny islets can be the basis for claim to the fisheries and oil fileds of large sea areas, it has already stimulated international disputes over uninhabited islands.114.The original building and loan associations were organized as limited life funds, whose members made monthly payments on their share subscriptions and then took turns drawing on the funds for home mortgages.115.Gill's hypothesis that different mental functions are localized in diferent parts of the brain is widely accepted today.116.Mauritius was a British colony for almost 200 years, but expect in the domains of administration and teaching, the English language was never really spoken on the island. 117.George Sand(Aurore Lucile Dupin)was one of the first European writers to consider the rural poor legitimate subjects for literature and to portray them with sympathy and respect in her novels.118.The World Wildlife Fund has declared that global warming, a phenomenon that most scientists agree is caused by human beings' burning of fossil fules, will create havoc among migratory birds by altering the environment in ways harmful to their habitats.119.New theories propose that catastrophic impacts of asteroids and comets may have caused reversals in the Earth's magnetic field, the onset of ice ages, the splitting apart of continents 80 million years ago, and great volcanic eruptions.120.A firm that specializes in the analysis of handwriting claims to be able, from a one-page writing sample, to assess more than 300 personality traits, including enthusiasm, imagination, and ambition.121.Sales of wines declined in the late 1980s, but they began to grow again after the 1991 report that linked moderate consumption of alcohol, and particularly of red wine, with a reduced risk of heart disease.122.A wildlife expert predicts that the reintroduction of the caribou into northern Minnesota will fail if the density of the timber wolf population in that region is greater than one wolf for every 39 square miles.123.Less successful after she emigrated to New York than she had been in her native Germany, photographer Lotte Jacobi nevertheless earned a small group of discerning admires, and her photographs were eventually exhibited in prestigious galleries across the United States.124.Found throughout Central and South America, the sloth hangs from trees by its long rubbery limbs, sleeping 15 hours a day and moving so infrequently that two species of algae grow on its coat and between its toes.125.Today, because of improvements in agricultural technology, the same amount of acreage produces twice as many apples as it did in 1910.126.The use of lie detectors is based on the assumption that lying produces emotional reactions in an anduvidual that, in turn, create unconscious physiological responses.127.Joan of Arc, a young Frenchwoman who claimed to be divinely inspired, turned the tide of English victories in her country by liberating the city of Orleans and persuaded Charles VII of French to claim his throne.128.Australian embryologists have found evidence to suggest that the elephant is descended from an aquatic animal and that its trunk originally evolved as a kind of snorkel.129.Cajuns speak a dialect brought to southern Louisiana by the 4,000 Acadians who migrated there in 1755; their language is basically seventeenth-century French to which English, Spanish, and Italian words have been added.130.One view of the economy contends that a large drop in oil prices should eventually lead to a lowering of interest rates and of fears about inflation, a rally in stocks and bonds, and a weakening of the dollar.131.Over 75 percent of the energy produced in France derives from unclear power, whereas unclear power accounts for just over 33 percent of the energy produced in Germany.132.Although the term "psychopath"is popularly applied to an especially brutal criminal, in psychology it refers to someone who is apparently incapable of feeling compassion or the pangs of conscience.st week local shrimpers held a news conference to take some credit for the resurgence of the rate Kemp's ridley turtle, saying that their compliance with laws requiring turtle-excluder devices on shrimp nets is protecting adult sea turtles.134.Recently implemented "shift-work equatios" based on studies of the human sleep cycle have reduced sickness, sleeping on the job, and fatigue among shift workers while raising production efficiency in various industries.135.Spanning more than 50 years, Friedrich Muller's career began in an unpromising apprenticeship as a Sanskrit scholar and culminated in virtually every honor that European governments and learned societies could bestow.136.Whereas in mammals the tiny tubes that convey nutrients to bone cells are arrayed in parallel lines, in birds the tubes form a random pattern.137.Joachim Raff and Giacomo Meyerbeer are examples of the kind of composer who receives popular acclaim while living, but whose reputation declines after death and never regains its former status.138.In no other historical sighting did Halley's Comet cause such a worldwide sensation as in its return of 1910-1911.139.The company announced that its profits declined much less in the second quarter than analysts had expected and that its business would improve in the second half of the year. 140.Rock samples taken from the remains of an asteroid about twice the size of the 6-mile-wide asteroid that eradicated the dinosaurs have been dated at 3.47 billion years old and thus are evidence of the earliest known asteroid impact on Earth.。
GMAT句子改错高频考点讲解【武汉申友GMAT干货分享】
GMAT句子改错高频考点讲解>>>武汉申友GMAT编辑<<<说到GMAT句子改错的高频考点，逻辑肯定是其中之一，且逻辑考点也是GAMT句子改错中较为重要的考点。
下面申友GMAT就带大家一起来看看GMAT句子改错中你不得不知道的逻辑考点重要的知识点。
一、如何识别GMAT SC的逻辑考点：1、全句划线2、主语改变3、句间关系改变4、识别不出其他考点二、逻辑常见的三种错：1、主从句互换2、句间关系错3、句子内部逻辑搭配错今天申友GMAT的SC名师Regina老师主要针对第三种常见错误：句子内部逻辑搭配错进行相关例题的讲解，希望大家看完后，能吸收这个知识点的相关内容。
下面就来看看例题内容。
例1：主宾搭配不当Glaciers form when the snow, sleet, and hail that fall in a given climatic region exceed the amount capable of being lost through evaporation or melting.A、the snow, sleet, and hail that fall in a given climatic region exceed the amount capable of beingB 、a given climatic region's fallen snow, sleet, and hail exceeds the amount able to beC 、the amount of snow, sleet, and hail that falls in a given climatic region exceeds the amountD 、the snow, sleet, and hail in a given region exceeds the amount able to beE、a given climatic region exceeds the amount of snow, sleet, and hail that falls and cannot be例题解析：本题中可以发现比较词exceed，其连接的两者需要在语法和逻辑上保持的对等。
GMAT阅读长难句断句技巧
GMAT阅读长难句断句技巧长难句是GMAT考试阅读常见的部分，我们复习GMAT阅读的时候要重点的关注一下。
长难句有一些好的技巧，比如断句。
把句子剖析开来就会容易的多，下面小编就给GMAT入门的同学详细的介绍一下GMAT阅读长难句断句技巧，希望对大家的GMAT考试有帮助。
1.首先，我们要明确GMAT阅读长句究竟在哪里断开，找到有用的，抛弃无用的。
先来看看下面这个句子：Even in the best of circumstances，fierce competition from larger，more established companies makes it difficult for small concerns to broaden their customer bases：when such firms have nearly guaranteed orders from a single corporate benefactor，they may truly have to struggle against complacency arising from their current success.2.在阅读时要注意辨别这些复杂修饰成分，找出真正的主语和谓语。
很显然，这句话应该在冒号处断开，冒号后是对前半句的解释，所以在读在这句话时，我们不必把太多精力放在前半句上，而要着重理解后半句，这才是与文章内容相关的部分。
整句话的复杂修饰成分包括介词短语in the best of circumstances，from larger，more established companies，以及不定式to broaden their customer bases，和现在分词arising from their current success.再来看一个复杂修饰成分为从句的例子：Civil rights activists have long argued that one of the principal reasons why Blacks，Hispanics，and other minority groups have difficulty establishing themselves in business is that they lack access to the sizable orders and subcontracts that are generated by large companies.3.原句中的定语从句、宾语从句对句意表达的作用不大，可以略过不读。
GMAT句子改错如何得高分？值得收藏的GMAT SC高频考点解析!
GMAT句子改错如何得高分？值得收藏的GMAT SC高频考点解析！>>>武汉申友GMAT编辑<<<在GMAT 的考试里，素有说得SC者得Verbal，进而得GMAT700+之说，确实，SC 在考试中是较为重要的，但是SC知识点又非常之繁杂，无数同学不禁感慨，SC的知识点怎么这么多呀，但是想要GMAT考出700+,SC的正确率需高达80%+，所以很多的学生花费大量的时间SC的备考上，但是效果甚微，真的太难了！就如同申友GMAT 12.5出分700的杨同学，在和老师提到高分感想和一些心得的时候，杨同学说到：SC一定要上课，靠自己没出路，文科生数学也要上，可以学到不少省时间的办法，SC给她帮助特别大，老师系统讲一遍比自己学快多了而且更准确，之前自己自学的时候看论坛上有误导，OG上又不够全面，浪费了很多时间。
今天武汉申友GMAT就给大家分享以下申友GMAT句子改错名师—Regina老师带来的GMAT句子改错高频考点—【which用法+例题解析】！说到which，大部分同学自然就会想到：“，which”就近修饰前面的名词，但是也有跳跃的情况；还有的情况是介词+which；另外，有的题目需要同学们去判断要用which引导还是with引导。
下面申友GMAT句子改错名师—Regina老师就以上提到情况给大家一一举例分析。
一、which就近修饰大多数情况下，N,which 这样情况中，逗号which就近修饰前面的名词逻辑关系错，例如：According to scientists who monitored its path, an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, which brightened the Northern Lights and also possibly knocking out a communications satellite.A、an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, which brightened the Northern Lights and also possibly knockingB、an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun was what recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, and it brightened the Northern Lights and also possibly knockedC、an expanding cloud of energized particles ejected from the Sun recently triggered a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, brightening the Northern Lights and possibly knockingD、a large storm in the magnetic field that surrounds Earth, recently triggered by an expanding cloud of energized particles, brightened the Northern Lights and it possibly knockedE、a large storm in the magnetic field surrounding Earth was recently triggered by an expanding cloud of energized particles, brightening the Northern Lights and it possibly knocked原句的, which就近修饰名词Earth，逻辑语义错。
GMAT句子改错SC高分难题讲解
一站式互联网智能留学备考服务平台微信公众号：LGclub 微博：@雷哥GMAT 在线免费高分热线：400-1816-180GMAT 句子改错SC 高分难题讲解GMAT 考试里Sentence Correction 是很多同学都觉得难的一个模块，不仅要掌握基础语法，还要去判断出正确的逻辑语义。
我们今天就来解析几道SC 难题，看看做SC 的难题我们应该从何处下手。
例一：Recently documented examples of neurogenesis,the production of new brain cells,include the brain growing in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or neurons increasing in canaries that learn new songs.A.the brain growing in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or neurons increasing in canaries that抓住句子主干，主语examples of neurogensis （如果不知道neurogenesis 是什么后面的同位语有解释，是新脑细胞的繁殖），所以是新脑细胞繁殖的例子，谓语include 包括，宾语大脑，逻辑不合理B.mice whose brains grow when they are placed in a stimulating environment or canaries whose neurons increase when they主干：新脑细胞繁殖的例子包括老鼠C.mice's brains that grow when they are placed in a stimulating environment or canaries'neurons that increase when they主干：新脑细胞繁殖的例子包括老鼠D.the brain growth in mice when placed in a stimulating environment or the increase in canaries'neurons when they新脑细胞繁殖的例子包括大脑发展，合理；但是后面出现了when placed 省略的是主语和be 动词，而我们的主语是examples ...逻辑语义不通E.brain growth in mice that are placed in a stimulating environment or an increase in neurons in canaries that新脑细胞繁殖的例子包括大脑发展，合理；mice that are...定语从句，后面or an increase in neurons ，新脑细胞繁殖的例子还包括神经元的增长，也合理。
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GMAT句子改错的要求是让我们通过语法结构的变化，体会出不同选项间的语义差异，进而做出合理推理，因此为了在GMAT句子改错这一部分取得好成绩，我们首先要了解GMAT句子改错中可能出现的句型，按照句型读懂句意。
本文就GMAT SC句型为大家介绍下，希望帮助考生。
英语中最基本的句子是简单句，按照动词特性不同，可以分为五种，也就是说单句只有这五种是正确的。
1)主语+谓语
2)主语+谓语+宾语
3)主语+谓语+补语
4)主语+谓语+双宾语
5)主语+谓语+复合宾语
通过以上我们可以发现，一个完成的句子至少需要主语和谓语两个成分，这两个成分在一起就组成了句型一，比如我起床，然而有些动词动作必须发生在另一个对象上，否则整个句子的意义就不完整，这样就构成了第二种句型，比如我吃蛋糕。
在英语中，有一类叫做“是”的动词很值得我们关注，因为在所有句型中，只有解释为“是”的这种动词是完全没有意义的，所以就需要补语来补足句子的意思。
比如The dog is horrible,is在这里表达“是”的意思，但是可以不翻译出来，这些动词只是连接主语和补语的功能，所以我们也叫它们为系动词，系动词后边的内容一定是描述主语的。
所以这类句型也叫作主语补语。
那么什么是复合宾语呢，复合宾语又叫做宾语补语，我们知道主语补语是通过补语来了解主语是什么，那么宾语补语就是通过补语来了解宾语是什么，当然，宾语补语在GMAT中经常以不定式或者介词短语的方式出现。
最后说一下双宾语，英语中有一些动词是双及物动词，主要表示：给予，传递，提供，告知等意思，后边可以连接两个宾语，比如：He gives me a cake , me 和a cake 都是宾语。
以上就是GMAT SC句型的简单介绍，GMAT句子改错中会在加入一些状语或者定语，所以考生在做题的时候一定要分清句子结构，找到真正的主谓结构。
不要张冠李戴，贻笑大方。
希望考生都能顺利备考GMAT考试，早日梦圆名校。