精神病药物 英文
氯氮平代谢产物

氯氮平代谢产物氯氮平(Chlorpromazine,英文缩写CPZ)是一种典型抗精神病药物,广泛用于治疗精神分裂症和其他精神疾病。
它属于苯丙胺类药物,具有镇静、抗精神病、抗乏力等药理作用。
氯氮平的代谢产物主要包括血浆中的次氯氮平(desmethylpromazine,DMCPZ)、硫代氯氮平(sulphide more},\cite{tennant1973fatal,oberndörfer1965metabolism}tennant1973fa tal,Di Marco2013CPH}。
这些代谢产物可能具有不同的药理作用和毒性。
次氯氮平是氯氮平通过脱甲基化反应代谢产生的物质。
次氯氮平具有与氯氮平相似的镇静和抗精神病效果,但其抗乏力作用较弱。
研究发现,次氯氮平对多巴胺D2受体的亲和力较氯氮平低,可能使其在临床上产生相对较小的不良反应。
硫代氯氮平是氯氮平通过硫单加反应代谢产生的化合物。
它的主要作用是帮助药物从体内排泄,减少药物在体内的停留时间。
硫代氯氮平与氯氮平相比,具有更强的亲水性,更容易溶解于水,从而更容易通过尿液排出体外。
因此,硫代氯氮平的代谢可能对氯氮平的药效和毒性具有重要的调节作用。
除了次氯氮平和硫代氯氮平,氯氮平的代谢还涉及到其他一些未知的代谢产物。
这些代谢产物可能通过药物代谢酶在体内产生,进一步调节氯氮平的药效和毒性。
然而,对于这些代谢产物的详细研究仍然有待进一步的研究。
总结来说,氯氮平的代谢产物主要包括次氯氮平和硫代氯氮平。
次氯氮平具有与氯氮平相似的药理作用,但相对较弱的抗乏力作用。
硫代氯氮平主要起到帮助药物排泄的作用。
除此之外,还存在其他未知的代谢产物可能对氯氮平的药效和毒性产生影响。
我们需要进一步的研究来全面了解氯氮平的代谢产物的作用机制,为临床应用提供更好的指导。
精神病药物 英文介绍

PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS
Drugs with depressive type of actoin
1. 2. 3. 4. 1. 2. 3. 4. Neuroleptics (antipsychotic) Tranquilizers (anxiolytics) Sedative drugs Normotymics (tymoleptics, tymoanaleptics)
SYMPTOMS
More than 50 % of patients with depressive disorders don’t realize that they have any psychological problems and complain only on certain somatic discharges
• Neurotransmitters pass along signal • Smaller amount of neurotransmitters causes depression
Function of adrenergic synapse in physiological conditions
Drug with stimulative action
Antidepressants Psychomotor stimulants Nootropic drugs Drugs which increase general tone (adaptogens)
Psychotomimetics (psychodysleptics)
Most frequent complaints of patients with depression
精神病学与药物【英文】

Associations between physical and psychiatric disorder.
• Chance association: physical & psychiatric disorders are both common. • Psychological factors as a cause of physical disorder. • Psychiatric complications of physical illness & its treatment ( e.g. heart disease, delirium & dementia ). • Some psychiatric disorders can cause physical symptoms ( e.g. palpitation in an anxiety disorder ). • Physical complications of psychiatric disorder ( e.g. deliberate self- harm, eating disorders ).
Introduction ( cont.)
• Abn-sina, during Abbasian times, was the first to describe the effect of psyche on the body ( what is known as psychosomatic now a day ) in the case of young man who was emaciated because he couldn't marry the girl he loved, by monitoring his pulse while mentioning special places in the town, the pulse, he noticed, increased while approaching the house of his love due to the emotion it stirred. • Al-razi said that doctors must always persuade patients that they would be cured from their sufferings. .• على الطبيب أن يوهم المريض edicine
【藥品名】氯丙嗪【英文名】chlorpromazine【別名】氯普馬嗪;冬眠靈

【药品名】氯丙嗪【英文名】Chlorpromazine【别名】氯普马嗪;冬眠灵;可乐静;可平静;氯硫二苯胺;Chlorpromazium;Wintermin;Aminazine【剂型】1.片剂:12.5mg,25mg,50mg;2.注射剂(粉):10mg,25mg,50mg;3.复方制剂:复方氯丙嗪片:每片含盐酸氯丙嗪及盐酸异丙嗪各12.5mg;复方注射剂:每2ml含盐酸氯丙嗪及盐酸异丙嗪各25mg;4.冬眠合剂:盐酸氯丙嗪、盐酸异丙嗪各50mg,哌替啶100mg,加入5%葡萄糖注射剂中,静脉输注,用于冬眠疗法。
【药理作用】本药属二甲胺族吩噻嗪类药物,为抗精神病药的代表药。
主要阻断脑内多巴胺受体,这是本药抗精神病作用的机制,也是长期应用产生严重不良反应的基础。
本药还能阻断α肾上腺素受体和M胆碱受体,因而其药理作用广泛。
具体作用如下:1.抗精神病作用:目前认为,本药通过阻断与情绪和思维有关的边缘系统的多巴胺受体而起抗精神病作用。
而阻断网状结构上行激活系统的α肾上腺素受体,则与镇静安定的作用有关。
正常人服用治疗量后,出现安静、活动减少、感情淡漠、注意力降低、对周围事物不感兴趣等反应。
安静时可诱导入睡,但易被唤醒。
精神患者服用后,在不过分抑制的情况下,可迅速控制精神分裂症患者的躁狂症状,减少或消除幻觉、妄想等症状,使思维活动及行为趋于正常。
2.镇吐作用:小剂量可抑制延脑催吐化学敏感区的多巴胺受体,大剂量时又可直接抑制呕吐中枢,产生强大的镇吐作用。
但对刺激前庭所致的呕吐无效。
3.降温作用:本药对下丘脑体温调节中枢有很强的抑制作用,不但降低发热患者的体温,还能降低正常体温,这与解热镇痛药不同,后者只降低发热体温而不降低正常体温。
本药的降温作用随外界环境温度而变化,环境温度愈低其降温作用愈明显,与物理降温同时运用具有协同作用,在炎热的天气,本药反可使体温升高,这是干扰了机体正常散热的结果。
4.阻断外周肾上腺素受体,直接扩张血管,引起血压下降。
第二类精神药品处方点评范文

第二类精神药品处方点评范文英文回答:Prescription drugs are classified into different categories based on their therapeutic uses and potentialfor abuse. The second class of prescription drugs includes psychotropic medications, which are primarily used to treat mental health disorders. These drugs can have a significant impact on a person's mood, cognition, and behavior. In this essay, I will discuss the various aspects of second-class psychotropic medications and provide examples to illustrate their effects.First and foremost, it is important to understand that psychotropic medications are prescribed by healthcare professionals to alleviate symptoms associated with mental health conditions. For instance, antidepressants are commonly prescribed to individuals suffering from depression. These medications work by balancing the chemicals in the brain, such as serotonin, to improve moodand reduce feelings of sadness or hopelessness. One example of an antidepressant is Prozac, which has been widely used and proven effective in treating depression.In addition to antidepressants, antipsychotic medications are another type of psychotropic drug commonly prescribed. These medications are primarily used to manage symptoms of psychosis, such as hallucinations or delusions. One well-known antipsychotic medication is Risperdal, which is often prescribed to individuals with schizophrenia. Risperdal helps reduce the severity of psychotic symptoms and allows individuals to better function in their daily lives.Moreover, psychotropic medications also include mood stabilizers, which are used to manage mood swings and prevent episodes of mania or depression in individuals with bipolar disorder. Lithium is a commonly prescribed mood stabilizer that has been shown to effectively regulate mood and reduce the frequency and intensity of mood swings. Individuals taking lithium often report feeling more stable and in control of their emotions.Furthermore, it is important to note that while psychotropic medications can be highly beneficial in managing mental health conditions, they also come with potential side effects. These side effects can vary depending on the specific medication and individual factors. For example, common side effects of antidepressants may include nausea, drowsiness, or sexual dysfunction. It is crucial for individuals taking psychotropic medications to closely monitor their symptoms and communicate any concerns with their healthcare provider.In conclusion, second-class psychotropic medications play a crucial role in the treatment of mental health disorders. They can effectively alleviate symptoms and improve the overall well-being of individuals withconditions such as depression, schizophrenia, and bipolar disorder. However, it is important to carefully considerthe potential side effects and work closely with healthcare professionals to find the most suitable medication and dosage. By doing so, individuals can achieve better mental health and lead fulfilling lives.中文回答:精神药物根据其治疗用途和滥用潜力被划分为不同的类别。
药理学常用术语和常用药物英文名

药理学常用术语和常用药物英文名药理学常用术语和常用药物英文名药理学pharmacology药物效应动力学pharmacodynamics药物代谢动力学pharmacokinetics被动转运passive transport简单扩散simple diffusion离子障iontrapping载体转运carrier-mediated transport选择性selectivity饱和性saturability竞争性抑制competitive inhibition主动转运active transport易化扩散facilitated diffusion吸收absorption首关消除first pass elimination分布distribution游离型药物free drug再分布redistribution血脑屏障blood-brain barrier胎盘屏障placental barrier药物的转化transformation药物代谢metabolism细胞色素P450 crytochrome P450 , CY P450开放性一室模型one-compartment open model开放性二室模型 tow-compartment open model一级消除动力学first-order elimination kinetics消除速率常数elimination rate constant零级消除动力学zero-order elimination kinetics峰浓度peak concentration , Cmax达峰时间peak time ,T max曲线下面积area under curve , AUC半衰期half life , t1/2清除率clearance,CL表观分布容积apparent volume of distribution,Vd生物利用度bioavailability药物作用drug action药理效应pharmacological effect兴奋excitation抑制inhibition疗效therapeutic effect对因治疗etiological treatment对症治疗symptomatic treatment不良反应adverse reaction药源性疾病drug-induced disease副反应side reaction毒性反应toxic reaction后遗效应residual effect停药反应withdrawal reaction变态反应allergic reaction剂量-效应关系dose-effect relationship量反应graded response最小有效量minimal effective dose最大效应maximal effective, Emax效能efficacy效价强度potency质反应quantal response半数有效量median effective dose , ED50 治疗指数therapeutic index, TI半数致死量median lethal does, LD50药物的作用机制mechanism of action配体ligand自体活性物质autacoid灵敏性sensitivity特异性specificity可逆性reversibility亲和力affinity内在活性intrinsic activity完全激动药full agonist部分激动药partial agonist竞争性拮抗药competitive antagonist非竞争性拮抗药noncompetitive antagonist 受体脱敏receptor desensitization受体增敏receptor hypersensitization药物相互作用drug interaction特异质反应idiocyncrasy安慰剂placebo耐受性tolerance耐药性drug resistance依赖性dependence生理依赖性physiological dependence躯体依赖性physical dependence精神依赖性psychological dependence停药症状withdrawal symptoms停药综合征withdrawal syndrome自主神经系统autonomic nervous system 胆碱能神经cholinergic nerve去甲肾上腺素能神经noradrenergic nerve乙酰胆碱酯酶acetylcholinesterase ,AchE单胺氧化酶mono-anine oxidase,MAO胆碱受体激动药cholinoceptor agonists乙酰胆碱acetylcholine毛果芸香碱pilocarpine新斯的明neostigmine吡斯的明pyridostigmine碘解磷定pralidoxime iodide,派姆,PAM氯解磷定pralidoxime chloride,PAM-ClM胆碱受体阻断药cholinoceptor blocking drugs阿托品atropine山莨菪碱anisodamine东莨菪碱scopolamine后阿托品homatropine溴丙胺太林propantheline bromide肾上腺素受体激动药adrenoceptor agonists去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline, NA; norepinephrine, NE 肾上腺素adrenaline,epinephrine多巴胺dopamine,DA异丙肾上腺素isoprenaline肾上腺素受体阻断药adrenoceptor blocking drugs酚妥拉明phentolamine哌唑嗪prazosin普萘洛尔propranolol普鲁卡因procaine利多卡因lidocaine丁卡因tetracaine镇静催眠药sedative-hypnotics地西泮diazepam三唑仑triazolam水合氯醛chloral hydrate苯巴比妥钠phenibarbital sodium异戊巴比妥amobarbital苯妥英钠phenytion sodium卡马西平carbamazepine乙琥胺ethosuximide硫酸镁magmesium sulfate抗精神病药antipsychotic drugs抗躁狂症药antimanic drugs抗抑郁症药antidepressants氯氮平clozapine利培酮risperidone氯丙嗪chlorpromazine米帕明imipramine吗啡morphine哌替啶pethidine度冷丁dolantin美沙酮methadone丁丙诺啡buprenorphine镇痛药analgesics解热镇痛抗炎药antipyretic- analgesic and anti-inflammatory drugs 阿司匹林aspirin对乙酰氨基酚acetaminophen吲哚美辛indomethacin钙通道阻滞药calcium channel blockers钙拮抗药calcium antagonists硝苯地平nifedipine尼群地平nitrendipine氨氯地平amlodipine地尔硫卓diltiazem维拉帕米verapamil心律失常arrhythmia胺碘酮amiodarone肾素-血管紧张素系统renin-angiotensin system, RAS卡托普利captopril依那普利enalapril氯沙坦losartan依白沙坦erbesartan利尿药Diuretics呋塞米furosemide布美他尼bumetanide氢氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氯噻嗪chlorothiazide吲哒帕胺indapamide螺内酯spironolactone脱水药dehydrant agents甘露醇manmitol硝普钠sodium nitroprusside充血性心力衰竭congestive heart failure, CHF地高辛digoxin毛花苷丙cedilanide毒毛花苷K strophanthin K安力农armrinone心绞痛angina pectoris硝酸甘油nitroglycerin抗凝血药anticoagulants肝素heparin双香豆素dicoumarol链激酶streptokinase尿激酶urokinase氨甲苯酸aminomethylbenzoic acid, PAMBA双嘧达莫dipyridamole维生素K vitamin K硫酸亚铁ferrous sulfate右旋糖酐铁iron dextran叶酸folic acid维生素B12 vitamin B12右旋糖酐dextran苯海拉明diphenhydramine异丙嗪promethazine扑尔敏chlorpheniramine阿司咪唑astemizole平喘药antiasthmatic drugs镇咳药antitussives祛痰药expectorants沙丁胺醇salbutamol特布他林terbutaline氨茶碱aminophylline异丙托溴铵ipratropium bromide色甘酸二钠disodium cromoglycate,SCG西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine奥美拉唑omeprazole替仑西平telenzepine米索前列醇misoprostol恩前列素enprostil缩宫素oxytocin地诺前列酮dinoprostone地诺前列素dinoprost, PGF2α麦角新碱ergometrine, ergonovine糖皮质激素glucocorticoids泼尼松prednisone泼尼松龙prednisolone甲基泼尼松meprednione曲安西龙triamcinolone地塞米松dexamethasone倍他米松betamethasone允许作用permissive action丙硫氧嘧啶propylthiouracil, PTU甲巯咪唑thiamazole卡比马唑carbimazole复方碘溶液liguor iodine Co糖尿病diabetes mellitus正规胰岛素regular insulin, RI低精蛋白锌胰岛素neutral protamine Hagedorn, NPH精蛋白锌胰岛素protamine zinc insulin, PZI罗格列酮rosiglitazone吡格列酮pioglitazone格列本脲glyburide格列吡嗪glipizide格列齐特gliclazide甲福明metformin苯乙福明phenformin阿卡波糖acarbose化学治疗chemotherapy抗菌药物antibacterial drugs抗生素antibiotics抗菌谱antibacterial spectrum抗菌活性antibacterial activity最低抑菌浓度minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC 最低杀菌浓度minimal bactericidal concentration,MBC 化学指数chemotherapeutic index抗菌后效应post-antibiotic effect, PAEβ-内酰胺类抗生素β-lactam antibiotics青霉素结合蛋白penicillin-binding proteins, PBPs青霉素G penicillin G青霉素V penicillin V苯唑西林oxacillin双氯西林dicloxacillin氨苄西林ampicillin阿莫西林、amoxicillin羧苄西林carbenicillin头孢唑啉cefazolin头孢氨苄cefalexin头孢呋辛cefurocime头孢孟多cefamandole头孢噻肟cefotaxime头孢曲松ceftriaxone头孢他定ceftazedime头孢匹罗cefpirome头孢吡肟cefepime红霉素erythromycin克拉霉素clarithromycin罗红霉素roxithromycin乙酰螺旋霉素acetylspiramycin克林霉素clindamycin万古霉素yancomycin多粘菌素B polymyxin B链霉素streptomycin庆大霉素gentamicin奈替米星netilmicin阿米卡星amikacin四环素tetracycline土霉素tetramycin多西环素doxycycline氯霉素chloramphenicol诺氟沙星norfloxacin环丙沙星ciprofloxacin氧氟沙星ofloxacin司氟沙星sparfloxacin磺胺嘧啶sulfadiazine, SD磺胺甲噁唑sulfamethoxazole,SMZ甲氧苄啶trimethoprim,TMP甲硝唑metronidazole齐多夫定zidovudine阿苷洛韦aciclovir碘苷idoxuridine利巴韦林ribavirin两性霉素B amphotericin B酮康唑ketoconazole伊曲康唑itraconazole氟康唑fluconazole异烟肼isoniazid利福平rifampicin乙胺丁醇ethambutol对氨基水杨酸钠sodium para-aminosalicylate全国医学英语统考医学英语词汇表(精选)mammal/'maemal/n.哺乳动物augment/o:g 'ment/V.扩大;增长hypotenson /,haipeu 'pleizj9/n.低血压decubitus/dr kju:bites/n.褥疮gangrene/'geerjgri'n/n.坏疽muscle/'mAS(9)I/n.肌肉;体力v.用力挤着,真诚indication /indi'kei』an/n.指示;指出;表示;指征;暗示迹象;适应证myopia/mai'aupie/n.近视naprapathy/ndpreepeBi/n.推拿疗法;矫正疗法chromosome/'kreumaseum/n.染色体preparation 4prepa'rei,an/n.准备,预备;制剂,制备品deform/di:'fo:m/v.损坏…的形状,使…变形narcotic/na:'kotik/a.麻醉的immunodeficiency /,irajunoudi'fi』ansi/n.免疫缺陷;免疫缺损cholesterol/ke'lestereul,一roy n.胆固醇gallstone/'go:lsteun/n.胆石mothball/'moB,bo:l,n.卫生球;樟脑球premature/prematjua/a.早熟的;不到期的n.早产的婴儿cosmetic/koz'metik/n.化妆品a.化妆用的,美容的molecule/moli kju:mau-/n.分子;克分子;微小颗粒preoperative/'pri:'operativ/a.手术前的cerebellum/,seri'belam/n.小脑mortal/'mo:tl/a.致命的;终有一死的;人世问的,凡人的n.凡人immunolocjy /,imju'nolad3 i/n.免疫学nausea/’no:Sj9/n.恶心;晕船isotope /'aiseuteup/n.同位素gynecology /g ain i ' k o l a d 3 i/n.妇科学defecate/’defikeit/v.澄清,净化;排粪,通大便ginger/'d3ind3e/n.生姜;活力ileum /iliam/n.回肠narcotherapy以na:kau"8erepi/n.麻醉疗法;睡眠疗法infarct /in'fa:kt/n.梗死imbalance /im'baelens/n.不平衡;失调metastasis Ima'taestasis/n.转移;转移灶;转移瘤gland/glaend/n.腺medicolegal I',medikau'li:gal/a.法医学的deformation/di:fo:’meifan/n.形状损坏;变形;畸形medial/'mi:djal/a.中间的;内侧的;近中的glossal/'glo:seI/a.舌的nasal/'neizal/a.鼻的;鼻音的strut/'strAt/v.肿胀,鼓起;大摇大摆地走;炫耀;支撑;撑开n.高视阔步;支柱,撑杆vaccine/'vaeksi:n/a.牛痘的;痘苗的n.牛痘苗;疫苗closure/'klau3e/n.关闭罩子stethoscope/'steeeskaup/n.听诊器workup/'wa'k^p/n.病情的检查genital/'d3enitl/a.生殖的;生殖器的varix/'vseriks/n.静脉曲张deferent/'deferent/a.输送的;输出的;输精的ileus /ilias/n.肠梗阻genus /'d3i:nasl n.类;属inertia /i'ne:na/n.惯性;不活动;无力defervescence /, d i f a ' v e s n s/n.退热embolism/'embalizem/n.栓塞medicine/'medsin,一disin/n.内服药;医药;医学;医术;内科学v.给…用药giddy/'gidi/a.头晕的;眼花缭乱的;轻浮的miscarriage/mis'k~erid3/n.失败;误投;小产;流产,堕胎globular/'glo bjula/a.球状的;有小球的m i s b i r t h/' m i s ' b a:日/n.堕胎;流产geriatric/Jd3eri'aetrik/a.老年病学的;老年的,衰老的mitigate/'mitigeit/V.缓和;镇静;安慰;减轻gorge/g0d3/n.咽喉;胃;暴食;山峡v.塞饱;狼吞虎咽地吃hallucination/halu:si'nei f an/n.幻觉hatch/heatJ/v.孵,孵化;策划,图谋n.孵化,结果n.舱口,小门germ Id3a:ml n.细菌;病菌;胚芽germicide/'d3e:misaid/n.杀菌剂molten/'maultan/a.熔化的;熔融的numb/ham/a.麻木的;失去感觉的obesitv/au'bisiti/n.肥胖症heat-stroke /' h i:t ' s t r a u k/n.中暑gram—negative/graem’negetiv/a.革兰阴性isolation /aisau'lei,an/v.隔离;孤立;脱离;分离groove /g r u:v/n.槽,沟,纹v.开槽occult/。
【药品名】奥氮平

【药品名】奥氮平【英文名】Olanzapine【别名】再普乐;奥兰扎平;Zyprexa【剂型】片剂:5mg,10mg。
【药理作用】本品为噻吩并苯二氮卓类非典型抗精神病药。
对多巴胺(D,D和D),组胺H,5-HT,毒蕈碱(M)和α-受体均有亲和力。
【药动学】本品易于从胃肠道吸收,进行明显的首过代谢。
服药后5~8h可达血药峰值。
蛋白结合率为93%。
在肝内主要通过直接葡糖醛酸化和通过P CYP1A2和CYP2D6介导的氧化作用进行广泛代谢。
两种代谢物,10-N-葡萄糖醛酸奥氮平和4′-N-脱甲基奥氮平均被失活。
约有57%的用量随尿排出,主要为代谢物,见于粪便中者占30%。
血浆消除t为30~38h,女性比男性长。
【适应症】治疗精神分裂症。
【禁忌症】参见:洛沙平【注意事项】1.心血管疾病、脑血管疾病、其他易引起低血压的疾病及癫痫患者应慎用。
操作机器或驾驶时应慎用。
2.老人、儿童、妊娠及哺乳期妇女使用安全性:老年人更易出现不良反应,应从低剂量开始用药。
动物实验对胎儿有不良影响,孕妇慎用。
尚未知母乳中是否有分泌,哺乳妇女慎用。
3.药物过量与处理:表现为昏睡,言语含糊等,对症处理。
4.肝、肾功能不全时是否需调整剂量:肝功能损害者慎用。
5.其他:缓慢站起避免头晕。
【不良反应】1.最常见的有嗜睡和体重增加。
2.锥体外系反应(包括迟发性运动障碍)具有低发生率。
3.可能出现高催乳素血症,但一般无症状。
4.其他包括食欲增加、周围水肿。
5.肌酸激酶浓度上升罕见。
【用法用量】1.开始常用每天10mg,顿服,根据效应可以加量,但一般维持在每天15mg或更多。
2.女性、老年人或非吸烟者的代谢较慢,如患者具有一个以上的因素应考虑减量。
3.肝肾功能不全者的用量为每天5mg,应谨慎加量。
【药物相互作用】1.参见氯丙嗪。
2.本品的代谢在一定程度上是通过CYP1A2和CYP2D6(较少)介导的,凡对这些肝酶起抑制或诱导作用的药物都可能影响本品的血药浓度。
西医常用药物别称

西医常用药物别称西医常用药物是指在西方医学领域经常使用的药物,这些药物有一些常见的别称。
本文将介绍一些常见的西医常用药物的别称。
1. 阿司匹林阿司匹林是一种非处方药,也被称为“阿司匹林酯”,其英文名为Aspirin。
这种药物有止痛、退热、抗血小板聚集等作用。
2. 布洛芬布洛芬也被称为“布洛肯”,其英文名为Ibuprofen。
这种非处方药有消炎、镇痛、退热等作用。
3. 氯雷他定氯雷他定是一种抗过敏药,也被称为“扑尔敏”、“奋乃静”,其英文名为Loratadine。
它可以缓解因过敏引起的鼻塞、流涕等症状。
4. 奥美拉唑奥美拉唑是一种抗酸药,也被称为“奥美拉唑镁”、“奥美拉唑钠”,其英文名为Omeprazole。
它可以减少胃酸分泌并治疗胃酸相关疾病。
5. 维生素C维生素C也被称为“抗坏血酸”,其英文名为Vitamin C。
它是一种水溶性维生素,具有抗氧化、促进免疫系统功能的作用。
6. 苯巴比妥苯巴比妥也被称为“巴比妥酸盐”,其英文名为Phenobarbital。
它是一种镇静催眠药物,常用于治疗癫痫和失眠等疾病。
7. 氟哌利多氟哌利多也被称为“氯氟沃尔”,其英文名为Fluphenazine。
它是一种抗精神病药物,常用于治疗精神分裂症等精神疾病。
8. 布地奈德布地奈德也被称为“吸入性皮质类固醇”,其英文名为Budesonide。
它是一种治疗哮喘和过敏性鼻炎的药物。
9. 盐酸伊马替尼盐酸伊马替尼也被称为“格列卫”,其英文名为Imatinib Mesylate。
它是一种抗白血病的靶向治疗药物。
10. 甲状腺素甲状腺素也被称为“甲状腺素钠”,其英文名为Levothyroxine Sodium。
它是一种治疗甲状腺功能减退症的常用药物。
以上是西医常用药物的一些别称,这些别称在医学领域被广泛使用。
熟悉这些别称有助于大家更好地理解医生的嘱咐和药物治疗方案。
在使用药物时,我们应该根据医生的建议和药品说明书来正确使用药物,避免不良反应和药物滥用的风险。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性,平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益,请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间:9:00-18:30)。
FDA approval proceses & limitations driven by public’s concerns about safety study population vs. “real world” drug company agenda for approval Indication vs. off-label use and dosing 1982 position report Side-effect listing cause & effect?
Introduction
Choosing a medication
diagnosis benefit vs. side-effects, toxicity, ease of use, drug-drug interactions (, ) medication history, family history luxury of time cross tapering one change at a time response vs. remission the right diagnosis treatment failures
Starting, stopping & changing
Response rate
SSRI antidepressants
SSRI antidepressants
Atypical antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants MAOI antidepressants Older mood stabilizers Newer mood stabilizers Older antipsychotics Newer antipsychotics Anticholinergics Benzodiazepines Other anxiolytic/hypnotics Stimulants Meds for dementia Meds for substance abuse Psychiatric uses of antihypertensives
/research/star/faqs.cfm
Annual sales = $12 billion Number of patient starts on Prozac, Paxil or Zoloft from 1988 to 2002 = 67.5 million ()
Selective Serotonin Reuptake Inhibitor
1988 Prozac introduced 1992-93 Zoloft, Paxil, Luvox 1998 Celexa 2001 fluoxetine (Prozac generic) 2002 Lexapro (modified Celexa) 2006 STAR*D trial results published
Introduction
SSRI antidepressants Atypical antidepressants Tricyclic antidepressants MAOI antidepressants Older mood stabilizers Newer mood stabilizers Older antipsychotics Newer antipsychotics Anticholinergics Benzodiazepines Other anxiolytic/hypnotics Stimulants Meds for dementia Meds for substance abuse Psychiatric uses of antihypertensives
SSRI antidepressants
Mechanism of action
Inhibit serotonin reuptake so increase synaptic serotonin levels Many SSRIs affect other receptors especially at high doses Clinical effect usually takes weeks so mechanism goes beyond simply increasing synaptic serotonin levels Several serotonin (5-HT) receptor subtypes Serotonin receptors are located throughout the body (especially GI tract)
Psychotropic Medications
Dale Sanderson, PA-C Physician Assistant Seattle Mental Health
Overview
► SSRI antidepressants ► Atypical antidepressants ► Tricyclic antidepressants ► MAOI antidepressants ► Older mood stabilizers ► Newer mood stabilizers ► Older antipsychotics ► Newer antipsychotics ► Anticholinergics ► Benzodiazepines ► Other anxiolytic/hypnotics ► Stimulants ► Meds for dementia ► Meds for substance abuse ► Psychiatric uses of antihypertensives