最新药学英语翻译答案

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药学英语(化学工业出版社)课文翻译

药学英语课文翻译Unit1药品依据他们的产品或来源药物能够被分为三种：Ⅰ、全合成Ⅱ、天然产物和Ⅲ、由局部合成产物〔半合成产物〕本书的重点是关于最重要化合物Ⅰ和Ⅲ——这类药物合成。

然而，这并不意味天然产物和其他的药物就不重要。

它们能够被用作有价值的先导化合物，同时它们通常被用作起始原料或作为重要合成产物的中间体。

而更加经济的。

在过往的几年里发酵，即微生物工程，差不多变得极其重要。

通过现代技术和基因的选择结果，导致了微生物高突变体演变的产生，发酵差不多变成了对物质广泛围的选择方式。

真核细胞〔酵母和霉菌〕和原核细胞〔单细菌细胞和放线菌〕都被用作微生物。

以下为可获得的生产形式:1.细胞原料〔单细胞蛋白质〕2.酶3.初级的落解产物〔初级酶代谢物〕4.次级的落解产物〔次级的代谢物〕在次级代谢物中，必先提起的是抗生素，以下五种药代表了每年世界范围内价值170亿美元的药物：青霉素，头孢菌素，四环素，红霉素，氨基糖苷类。

大约有5000种抗生素差不多从微生物中不离出来了，但在这些中仅有那些少于100种用于治疗使用。

然而，一定明白，那些衍生物通过局部合成被先进用于治疗。

在过往十年中，单单从β-内酰胺半合成的就有五万种药物。

发酵在容积大于400m3的不锈钠发酵罐中进行，防止了微生物噬菌体的污染等等，整个过程必须在无菌条件下进行。

〔倒数第五段开始〕大量使用的试剂不仅仅是酸〔盐酸、硫酸、硝酸、醋酸〕，还有无机和有机碱〔氢氧化钠、氢氧化钾、碳酸钾、重碳酸钾、铵碱、三乙胺、吡啶〕。

还有辅助化学物质包括活性炭和催化剂。

所有这些补充的化学物质〔比方中间体〕在最终产物中可能是杂志的来源。

在1969年，世界卫生组织出版了关于“药品平安质量保卫〞的论述。

名目2是有关“药品赔偿和平安保卫质量的规定〞〔世界卫生组织，1969年第418号技术报告，名目2；1975年第567号名目1A〕这同时变为众所周知的“药品质量治理标准〞或GMP标准，同时这些规定在现在药品生产中也应遵守。

药学英语第4版课后练习判断题翻译及答案

1.much of our present physiological knowledge has been found from theexperiments and studies on human beings. 我们目前的生理知识已经发现从实验和研究人类。

F2.the cell are grouped together to form tissues which,thus,consist of a lot of cells.细胞被组合在一起形成的组织，因此，包括大量的细胞。

F3.living cells break down glucose and fats to provide energy for otheractivities,which are called catabolism. 活细胞分解葡萄糖和脂肪提供能量等活动，被称为分解代谢。

F4.the white cells play an important role in defense against infection. 白细胞在抗感染防御中起重要作用。

Y5.the right atria pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs where it absorbs oxygenfrom the air. 右心房缺氧血液泵至肺部，它吸收空气中的氧气。

F6.the nervous system uses electrical signals to transmit information very rapidly tospecific cells. 神经系统利用电信号将信息传送到特定的细胞。

T7.the level of sodium increases in the extracellular fluid, the cardiac muscle cellsbecome too excitable and may contract. 细胞外液中的钠水平升高，心肌细胞的兴奋性，可能成为合同。

药学英语,课后翻译

药学英语Unit 1Inflammatory reaction induced by local ischemic injury is one of the important pathophysiological characteristics after ischemic stroke, so anti-inflammatory therapy may be an effective strategy for acute ischemic stroke. Enlimomab, an anti-ICAM-1 murine monoclonal antibody, can inhibit the recruitment and activity of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, reduce their adhesion and decrease cerebral infarct size in experimental stroke models. However, a much larger efficacy trial including 625 acute ischemic stroke patients has shown that enlimomab was ineffective on ischemic stroke patients even with a worsening outcome. The therapeutic time window of rt-PA is within 3 hours of ischemic onset. Administration of the drug after more than 3 hours of ischemic onset has no significant therapeutic implications and may even end up with an increased hemorrhagic risk. A study using the animal ischemic model indicated that combination of anti-inflammatory therapy and rt-PA could significantly and might as well extend the therapeutic time window of thrombolysis.局部脑缺血损伤引起的炎症反应是缺血性脑卒中发生后的重要病理生理特征，因此，抗炎治疗策略可能是治疗急性缺血性脑卒中的一种有效方法。

(完整版)药学英语第五版原文翻译

conditions has meant that much of our present physiological knowledge
行了许多重要的生理调查，但是实验条件
has been derived from studies on other animals such as frogs, rabbits, cats, 需要精确控制，所以我们当前大多生理知
细胞在进化过程中不断分化进行不同
enzymes. During embryological development, this process of 的功能活动。有些细胞具有收缩能力（如肌
differentiation is re-enacted as many different types of cell are formed 细胞），有些可以传导电信号（如神经细
Thirdly, at some point in their life history, they possess a nucleus which
膜包被，即细胞质膜；第二，细胞有把大分
contains genetic information in the form of deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA). 子分解为小分子来释放活动所需能量的能
nerves form the nervous system, and so on.
成呼吸系统；骨骼和骨骼肌组成骨骼肌系
Cells differ widely in form and function but they all have certain 统；大脑，脊髓，自主神经和神经中枢以及
common characteristics. Firstly, they are bounded by a limiting 周围躯体神经组成神经系统等等。

药学英语课后翻译

良药滥用-----Translation1. Although the development of antibiotics has been of incalculable benefit to mankind, ithas also given rise to serious complications.2. The widespread use of antibiotics has resulted in the natural evolution of strains ofdisease germs which are resistant to such medications.3. A new multidrug-resistant tuberculosis, now prevalent in the world, causes seriousinfections that may not respond to chemotherapy.4. Some antibiotics are effective against a large range of microorganisms, they are,therefore, known as broad-spectrum antibiotics.5. Some drugs may not cause physical dependence, or addiction, but many persons dobecome habituated to their use.6. Drug abuse is thought of as the misuse of drugs potentially harmful to the individualuser or to society.7. Many persons, believing that antibiotics can cure any disease, press their doctors for adose of penicillin for such virus ailment as influenza.8. Addiction is the body’s continued need for drug s because of their physiological effectsafter they are first taken.9. In comparison, the inadequacies and potential dangers of antibiotics are much lesswidely known.10. Antibiotics are used so carelessly around the world that they are creating a new healththreat to mankind.Vitamins ---- Translation1. Researchers found that the level of vitamin C stored in the body of the victim with acommon cold fell drastically and was close to the level of people suffering from scurvy.2. Minor degrees of vitamin C deficiency are common, though outright scurvy only occurwhen the diet is markedly deficient in fresh fruits and vegetables.3. Vitamins are organic compounds that must be supplied in the diet or injected into thebody to maintain health.4. Vitamins produce no energy but play an essential role in the transformation of energyand in the regulation of metabolism.5. Vitamins are classified/distinguished by the letters of the alphabet, such as vitamins A, C,D, E, K and the B-complex.6. Vitamins and minerals are found in small amounts and are needed in minute quantities,as compared with the other nutrients.7. The diseases which develop from the absence of vitamins are known as vitamindeficiency diseases. For example, a lack of vitamin A brings about night blindness; adeficiency of vitamin D results in rickets.8. Some vitamins are soluble in fats whereas others are soluble in water. They are,therefore, termed fat-soluble and water soluble vitamins respectively.9. In addition to the general nutrients, another two groups of nutrients, vitamins andinorganic, or mineral, salts are also required by the body.10. Most nutrients contain more than one nutrient, but no single food contains all thenutrients in the amounts you need.化学与物质----Translation1. Briefly speaking, a scientist differs from an artist mainly in that a scientist not onlyinterprets the outer world, but also tries to transform it into a better one.2. Science begins with necessity, curiosity, and questions about the unexplainedphenomena in nature.3. The ways in which an element or a compound combines or reacts with other things areits chemical properties.4. The chemist is interested in the composition and properties of substances and thetransformations they undergo during a chemical reaction.5. It is very easy to fall into the habit of taking some painkiller when there is any slightpain.6. The delicate operations performed by surgeons today would not be possible withoutanesthetics.7. Today it is generally recognised that the human body is a chemical factory in whichcountless complex chemical and physical changes are constantly taking place.8. The substance salt is composed of the metal sodium and the corrosive gas chlorine, butits chemical properties are quite different from those of sodium and chlorine.9. Chemotherapy is the treatment of disease by the administration of chemical substanceswhich kill or prevent the growth of pathogenic organisms within the body.10. Substances that lessen pain but do not affect other sensations are called pain relievingdrugs.麻醉药Translation1. It is not many years since a man who had to have an operation felt all its pain.2. It is attributable to the discovery of anesthetics that surgeons can now perform all kindsof operations without causing pain.3. Spinal anesthesia produces excellent anesthesia and relaxation for the performance ofmany operations on the lower parts of the body.4. The exact mechanism in which the general anesthetic drugs exert their effect on thebrain is still unknown, although many theories have been proposed.5. The introduction of anesthetics to surgery has made possible much more delicate andlengthy operations, thus greatly extending the field of surgery.6. Narcotics are applied to those drugs which are sedative in their action upon the body butwhich also produce insensibility to pain.7. Contrary to what one might think, it’s only 50 years or so since penicillin, t he antibioticonce regarded as the wonder drug, came into being.8. Scientists point out that since the sedative action of a drug results from its effect on thenerves, it must possess solubility in the fluids of the body which surround the nerves.9. An anesthetic must be volatile if it is to be administered through oral inhalation, whilethose which can be administered through the rectum or injected into the spine do nothave to be volatile.10. In spite of the danger of a patient’s contractin g pneumonia after the use of ether as ananesthetic, ether is still widely employed because the anesthesia it produces is one ofdeep relaxation.绿色药房-草药Translation1. The plant kingdom was once man’s only pharmacy. Y et when you enter a modernchemist’s shop today, you can hardly find a sign of the use of plants in medicine.2. Today the number of plants used in medicine has decreased, but hidden away in manypills, capsules, and medicine bottles are the active chemicals originally found in theplant kingdom.3. Some chemicals which plants make may be poisonous, others may be chemicals that areextremely valuable to us as medicines.4. During the many thousands of years that man has been on the earth, he has been tryingout various plants that grew around him.5. There has existed for many years mistrust, suspicion or hostility between the orthodoxand the herbal practitioner which threatens the possibility of a good workingrelationship.6. When one considers the therapeutic impact of quinine, it is evident how great is the debtof medicine to plant-derived drugs.7. However, the past few decades have witnessed an obvious diminution in the number ofplant-derived drugs introduced into medicine.8. The legacy of traditional Chinese medicine is a treasure house with an inexhaustiblesupply of new potential drugs which is to be explored with an introduction of newapproaches.9. Had pharmacological approaches not been introduced into the investigation of Vincarosea, the discovery of vincalcukoblastine would have been postponed by many years.10. Western practitioners find it difficult to believe that someone who knows nothing of adisease mechanism could still be capable of curing it.有机化学Translation1. The remarkable advances made in modern medicine would not have been possiblewithout the aid of chemistry.2. Since the body is essentially a chemical machine, a knowledge of the chemistry ofbodily functions seems essential to the physician.3. The production of food by plants and animals involves the rearrangement of atoms inmolecules.4. Fortunately, few kinds of work seem to urge people on to success more effectively thandoes the pursuit of chemistry.5. So far the motive behind the search for synthetics has been a wish to produce betterthings for less money, and for more people.6. Isolation of increasing numbers of purified materials from living forms and recognitionof the fact that all contained carbon gave birth to organic chemistry.7. When coal is burned in a furnace it combines with oxygen to give carbon dioxide, a newsubstance with different composition and properties from coal and oxygen.8. Many specific chemical reactions are important because of the energy which they use orsupply.9. In the study of organic chemistry, students are expected to use familiar symbols whichare constructed into two- or three-dimensional molecular formulas.10. From the food we eat, the clothes we wear to the buildings we live in, all have beenfashioned to a considerable extent by organic chemistry.新药研制1Translation1. Formerly, drugs were extracted from natural plants and animal sources, and therapeuticuse was based on traditional experience.2. Drug development strategies involve serendipity, molecular roulette, programmed basicresearch with synthesis of specific chemical, etc..3. Though it’s the most satisfying in the development of new drugs, the approach isexpensive and there is no guarantee of success.4. When a drug is used by millions, there are certain to be adverse reactions even thoughthe risk to any individual is small.5. Most drugs have a safe upper limit of dosage; beyond this toxic effects may be expectedto occur.6. Penicillin, one of the most powerful killers of bacteria was discovered quite by accidentby Alexander Fleming.7. Pharmacological experiment on a new drug determines whether the drug has the desiredprofile of action in model system.8. The increase in knowledge of biochemical mechanisms results in a more rationalapproach to the development of new drugs.9. Extensive formal toxicological tests are required before a new drug can be used onpatients.10. Chemists and biologists have now attached great importance to such fields of researchas molecular biology and biochemical pharmacology.新药研制2 Translation1. The rationale for the development of new drugs should be provide better drugs; better inthe sense of being either more effective, safer or cheaper.2. The representative of the pharmaceutical manufacturer has been specially trained topromote his particular new product.3. Only after animal studies have proved efficacy can clinical evaluation of new drugs beundertaken.4. New drug evaluation in man can be divided into four phases each of which should beconducted under strict supervision.5. A dose-ranging study should only be performed on volunteers who are informed aboutthe implications of the tests, and who give their consent freely.6. Dose-ranging studies should only be performed under medical supervision, as there existsome possible risks during the test.7. Large scale clinical trials in Phase 3 are to establish new drug’s profile of action andfrequency of adverse effects.8. The expensive cost in drug development is borne by the pharmaceutical manufacturer,which justifiably expects to recoup it when the product is finally marketed.9. Information about the new drug published in well-established journals is more reliablethan that offered by the medical representative whose livelihood depends on the abilityto promote the product.10. Heavy investment in promotion has not simply led to the use of undistinguished newdrugs, but to a higher cost of the drugs as well.药理学范畴Translation1. The science of the effects of drugs on the body is called pharmacology, and the scientistswho study it are pharmacologists.2. Pharmacology is not a science that can be studied on its own, but that closely related toother branches of science.3. Pharmacologists should not only understand the normal processes that take place in thebody, but know how the functions of the body are affected by disease.4. Properly used, drugs are great blessing to mankind; improperly used, they could destroythe race.5. During the first part of the twentieth century there have been enormous strides in thefield of pharmacology.6. Man continues to strive, not only for a longer life span, but for a healthier one as well.7. With the frequent use of more than one therapeutic agent by a patient, particularly theelderly, drug interactions that result in toxicity are likely events.8. The clinician is interested primarily in drugs that are useful in the prevention, diagnosis,and treatment of human diseases.9. Most of the natural drugs are now highly purified and differ little from syntheticchemicals, the interests of the clinician in pharmacognosy are correspondingly decreased.10. As a border science, pharmacodynamics borrows freely from both the theories andexperimental techniques of physiology, biochemistry, immunology, pathology, etc..。

药学英语

pathophysiology n. 病理生理学 penumbral a. 半影区的，界限不明的 percutaneous a. 经由皮肤的 permanent a. 永久的，持久的 phosphorylation n. 磷酸化，磷酸化作用 photochemical a. 光化学的 pilot adj. 试验性的，引导的，初步的 progressive a. 先进的，渐进的，革新的 proliferation n. 增殖，出芽繁殖，扩散 proton n. 质子 pyruvate n. 丙酮酸盐 rapamycin n. 雷帕霉素 rebound v. 弹回，反作用于 n. 反弹
13. enlimomab 恩莫单抗<免疫调节药，抗炎药> 14. escalation n. 逐步增大 15. hemorrhagic a. 出血的 16. interventional a. 干涉的，干预的 17. ischemic a. 缺血性的 18. lesion n. 损害，损伤 19. leukocyte n. 粒性白细胞 20. metabolic a. 新陈代谢的 21. monoclonal a. 单克隆的，单细胞繁殖的 n.单克隆 22. mortality n. 死亡率，死亡数目 23. obstruct v. 妨碍，阻塞 24. placebo n. 安慰剂 25. plasminogen n. 血纤维蛋白溶酶原
alanine n. 丙氨酸 anaerobic a. 厌氧的 atherosclerosis n. 动脉粥样硬化 auditory a. 听觉的 axon n. 轴突 bilateral a. 双侧的 carotid n. 颈动脉 cavitation n. 空化，空洞形成 confer v. 授予，赠予，比较 cortical a. 皮层的，皮质的，有关脑皮层的 electroencephalogram n. 脑电图 evoke vt. 诱发 excitotoxic n. 兴奋性毒性

药学英语Unit4 Text A注释及译文

Unit FourText A The Scope of PharmacologyIn its entirety, pharmacology embraces the knowledge of the history, source, physical and chemical properties, compounding, biochemical and physiological effects, mechanisms of action, absorption, distribution, biotransformation and excretion, and therapeutic and other uses of drugs. Since a drug is broadly defined as any chemical agent that affects living processes, the subject of pharmacology is obviously quite extensive.1.entirety [en'taɪərɪti:] n.整体,全面in its entirety作为一个整体2. compounding ['kɑmpaundiŋ] n.配料；组合；复合3. Mechanism ['mekənizəm] n. 机械装置；构造, 机制；办法, 技巧, 途径4. absorption [əb'sɔrpʃən] n.吸收；吸收过程；吸收作用；专注，专心致志；合并；同化5. distribution [,distri'bju:ʃən] n.分发, 分配；散布, 分布6. biotransformation [,baiəu,trænsfə'meiʃən] n.生物转化metabolism [mɪ'tæbə,lɪzəm] n.新陈代谢7. excretion [eks'kri:ʃən] n.(动植物的)排泄,排泄物8. therapeutic [,θerə'pju:tik] adj.治疗(学)的;疗法的；对身心健康有益的9. living ['liviŋ]adj.活(着)的；现存的, 在使用中的；逼真的, 生动的n.生计, 生存之道；生活方式整体而言，药理学包括药学发展的历史，药物的来源、理化性质、配伍，药物对机体的生化过程和生理功能的影响，药物的作用机制，药物的吸收、分布、生物转化和排泄，药物的治疗作用和其他作用。

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最新药学英语翻译答案一、熟悉下列句子的翻译1. In addition to the revolution in new classes of drugs, an equally momentous revolution is taking place in drug delivery.除药物种类的革命外，药物给药系统也在进行一场同样令人震撼的革命。

2. The body can make about a trillion different antibodies, produced by shuffling and reshuffling their constituent parts.通过对构成成分的改组和再改组，机体可以产生约一万亿个不同的抗体。

3. Under current law, all new drugs need proof that they are effective, as well as safe, before they can be approved for marketing.现有法律要求，所有的新药都必须具有其有效、安全的证据才能被批准上市。

4．There is no agreement whether nursing mothers could use Alexan.哺乳期妇女是否能用爱力生尚无统一意见。

5. The prescription must be signed and dated by the practitioner and include his address.处方必须由医生亲笔签名，并注明日期和医生的地址。

6. Cells possess a nucleus which contains genetic information in the form of DNA.细胞含有一个细胞核，其中含有以脱氧核糖核酸（DNA）形式表达的基因信息。

7. A drug that is not covered by patent rights may be available in several proprietary formulations of the same generic preparation.没有专利权保护的药物可以用于同一个仿制剂型的多个专利配方中。

8. When a drug is used by millions, there are certain to be adverse reactions even though the risk to any individual is small.当某种药物被数百万人使用时，肯定会有不良反应出现，尽管具体到个人，这种危险性并不大。

9. The end point is also called equivalent point, since the titrant and tested sample are chemically equivalent.滴定终点也称为等当点，因为测定剂和被测样本在化学量上是相等的。

10. It is estimated that less than 30% of the hypertensive patients have theirblood pressure adequately controlled.据估计，只有不到30%的患者的高血压得到了适当的控制。

11. Based on the data collected, numerous valuable compounds can be determined without reference to specimens of that same compound.从已收集的资料中可以看出，通过高通量筛选，已经发现了很多有价值的化合物。

12. General-sales-list preparations are medicines that can be supplied by most retailers in supermarkets, etc.普通销售药是可以在超市等普通店铺销售的药品。

13. The maintenance dosage is determined by response of the patient.维持剂量视患者对药物的反应而定。

14. There is a possibility that some patients may show hypersensitivity to the drug.有可能某些患者对本品过敏。

15. Such small molecule agents are simpler to develop and many be clinically superior.这样的小分子制剂较容易开发，临床上也比较有优势。

16. The range of novel chemical entities developed hasoccasionally led to unexpected toxicity.一些新型的化学制品，偶尔会产生意想不到的毒副作用。

17. Living cells continually transform materials.活体细胞不断转化一些物质。

18.To continue to exploit natural sources for drug candidates, the focus must be on exploiting newer approaches for natural product drug discovery.我们要继续开发自然资源选择候选药物，其重点必须放在探索天然药物的更新开发方法上。

19.No physician should rely on the package insert as his sole source of drug information.医生不应该仅仅依赖药品说明书作为他了解药品信息的唯一来源。

20. Drugs with such serious potential dangers as these should be used only if life is threatened and nothing else will work.这些有严重危险性的药物只有在生命垂危或其他地方无效时才使用。

21. It has been assumed that the plasma drug concentration is directly proportional to the clinical effect of that drug.现在普遍认为，血浆药物浓度与该药的临床效果有直接的对应关系。

22. Absorption is the process of a drug entering systemic circulation from its site of administration．吸收是药物从其给药位点进入体循环的过程。

23.Water for injection is the most widely used vehicle for parenteral preparations．注射用水是肠胃外制剂最常用的溶剂。

24. Dietary supplements containing ephedra present an unreasonable risk of illness or injury, and should not be consumed.含有麻黄的膳食补充剂存在严重风险，会引发疾病和造成伤害，不宜服用。

25. The world of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) vaccines has suffered a baffling setback. The first trial of a vaccine designed to elicit strong cellular immunity has shown no protection against infection.艾滋病病毒（HIV）疫苗研究领域遭受了一次令人困惑的挫折。

一种为引发细胞增强免疫力而设计的疫苗初次试验就显示对感染毫无保护作用。

26. Mean peak serum concentrations of tobramycin occur between 30 and about 60 minutes after intramuscular administration.肌肉注射后约30~60分钟之间妥布霉素的平均血药浓度达到高峰。

27. Migraine and symptoms that may suggest a vestibular disorder (vestibular symptoms-VS) often co-exist. In part due to a lack of standardized diagnostic criteria, this relationship remains unknown to many physicians.隐匿性偏头痛和前庭功能紊乱症状（前庭症状-VS）往往并存。

在某种程度上，由于缺乏规范化的诊断标准，很多内科医生仍然对二者之间的关系了解不够。

28.O TC drugs play an increasingly vital role in America's health care system byproviding easy access to certain drugs that can be used safely without the help of a health care practitioner.OTC药品提供无需医生指导就能安全用药的简易途径，它们在美国的保健体系中起着越来越重要的作用。

29.P rolonged and high levels of corticosteroids are used by Western medicalpractitioners to help in the treatment of SARS.西医延期并大剂量使用皮质类固醇以辅助治疗非典型肺炎。

30. Relatively insoluble amine salts of penicillin, such as the procaine salt, are also stable as dry powders for a period of 3 years or more at room temperature, as are combinations of procaine and potassium penicillin.相对不溶性的青霉素铵盐，如普鲁卡因盐，和普鲁卡因和青霉素钾的混合物一样，以干燥粉末状态在室温下也可以保存3年或者更长时间。