世界超级计算机TOP500调查报告共30页
盘点世界上十大超级计算机：中国天河二号居首
盘点世界上十大超级计算机：中国天河二号居首
国际TOP500组织最新全球超级计算机500强榜单新鲜出笼，冠军最终花落谁家呢？中国在前十中占据两席，现在为大家整理出世界十大超级计算机的详细资料。
第一名：天河二号
6月17日在德国莱比锡开幕的2013年国际超级计算机大会上，中国国防科技大学研制的天河二号超级计算机，以每秒33.86千万亿次的浮点运算速度夺得头筹，成为全球最快的超级计算机，比第二名Titan快近一倍。
继2010年11月天河-1A计算机问鼎以来，天河二号是再次夺得全球超级计算机第一名。
天河二号有16000个节点，每个节点部署了两个英特尔Xeon IvyBridge及三个Xeon Phi处理器，计算核心总数达3120000 个。
天河二号年底将部署在中国广州国家超级计算机中心当中。
第二名：泰坦（Titan）
位于美国能源部（DOE）橡树岭国家实验室中的Titan从冠军宝座退至第二。
Titan搭载Cray公司的XK7系统，使用560640个AMD 皓龙处理。
计算机系统性能评价关于TOP500中HPL基准测试精品PPT课件
性能评价-基准测试
• 基准测试
• 没有一个标准能反映计算机系统的全部性能，它们代表的只 是性能的一个侧面。
• 系统软件性能 Lmbench SGI开发，测试操作系统性能 Netperf 评测计算机系统的网络性能
性能评价-基准测试
• 定点性能 • 浮点性能 • WEB服务性能 • 数据处理性能 • 系统软件性能 • 科学与工程计算性能
性能评价-基准测试
• 基准测试
• 没有一个标准能反映计算机系统的全部性能，它们代表的只 是性能的一个侧面。
• 定点性能 SPECint95，反映评测系统的单处理器的定点运算性能
8个真实的应用：仿真技术、人工智能、图像处理、压缩算法、 编译器、解释器、数据库
• HPCC
o 作为HPL的补充，包含了HPL, PTRANS, STREAM, Random Aceess, DGEMM,FFT, Lantency-BandWidth七类测 试
• HPCG
o 使用局部对称Gauss-Seidel预条件子的预处理共轭梯度法
写在最后
经常不断地学习,你就什么都知道。你知道得越多,你就越有力量 Study Constantly, And You Will Know Everything. The More You Know, The More Powerful You Will Be
如何评价计算机的性能呢？
性能评价
• 计算机性能
o 处理器主频、内存大小、内存总线带宽、I/O总线性能、显卡指标
性能评测
Application
性能分析
OS Network，Storage
高性能计算机top500分析
2013.11— Top
5
2.Titan，使用Cray XK7系统，坐落于美国橡树岭国家实验室的能源部
（DOE），继续保持着超算第二快。在Linpack 基准下获得了17.59 petaflop/s的战绩，其使用的是261632个NVIDIA K20x催化剂核心。总 耗能8.21 MW，合2.143 Gflops/W，属最具能效的超算之一。
2013.11— Top500数据统计
二. TOP500列表中的性能趋势 1. IBM在Top 500列表中的性能方面上处于绝对的领先地位，在整体性 能上以32%的绝对优势领先，6个月前是33%。 2. Tianhe-2及Tianhe-1A，NUDT（国防科大）贡献了总性能的15%，6个 月前是16.8%。。 3. Gray所占的性能份额现提升至16.7%，之前是15.3%。 4.HP现在是第4，即使它的份额从14.1%提升至15.3%。
3. IBM Power处理器有40个，占8% 4.207个系统使用了InfiniBand技术，6月前是203个，为当下普及率最高的内部 系统互连技术。212个系统使用了Gigabit Ethernet，在6个月前是216，其中有 77个系统已经使用了10G的接口。 5.HP以生产了其中195个系统（39%），赢得了这场份额胜利，IBM为166个系 统（33%）。在6个月前，HP有189个系统（占38%），IBM则是160个（32%）。 在系统类别中，Cray的系统保持第三，占10%。
2013.11—Top500体系结构
TOP500 超 级 计 算 机 架 构 比 例
• 在2013.11的排名中Cluster和MPP独占鳌头 共有83.4%的集群系统，提供了61.3%的计算能力 共有16.6%的MPP系统，提供了38.7%的计算能力
超级计算机研究报告
典型超级计算机简介
（1）Summit （2）神威·太湖之光 （3）Sierra
1.1超级计算机相关概念
什么是超级计算机？
• 超级计算机又称高性能计算机、巨型计算机
等，在计算速度、存储容量等方面有着普通
计算机所不具备的超高性能。.
•
……
超级计算机有何研究价值？
• 超级计算机在天气预测、污染检测与防控、石 油气勘探与地震预测、工程仿真、动画效果渲 染等领域已经创造了不可估量的价值。
02.
• 管理节点，负责监控各个节点和网络 运行状况。
03
• 计算节点，用于执行计算，一般可以 分为瘦节点和胖节点
04.
• 异构节点，目前的异构节点通常同时 使用CPU及加速器设备
05.
• 交换设备，集群节点之间需要通过网 络连接在一起
06.
• I/O设备和存储设备，每台执行任务的 计算节点须访问同样的数据
建筑信息模型
1
石油气勘探
2
3
4
工程仿真与航天器研发
5
海洋环境工程ຫໍສະໝຸດ 67基础科学研究
2.3 应用层：解决方案
技术篇
石油气勘探
长期以来，油气地球物理勘探技术的发展与 应用高度依赖于包括高性能计算技术在内的 信息技术的发展。
• 基于“天河一号”开展的石油勘探数据处理程 序，实现了复杂地质条件下上千平方公里数据 的逆时偏移处理。
• 解决方案与服务内容包括：①测试服务；②偏 移处理服务，③应用并行优化开发服务。
生物医药与智能医疗
依托高性能计算、云计算、大数据及人工智能等技术的高度发展，使国 民健康行业走向真正意义上的智能化。
生物医药（Biological Medicine）
世界超级计算机TOP500调查报告
超级计算机的必要性 人们一直在追求更快的计算速度和更大的存储 空间，以此来应对越来越多的数据处理的工作。 当我们把钱存在银行的时候，超级计算机在管理 着资金；当我们出门旅行的时候，超级计算机帮 我们订机票；当我们想知道明天是晴是雨时，超 级计算机为我们提供天气预报；甚至当我们玩游 戏时，超级计算机也在繁忙地工作着，让游戏体 验更加流畅。我们乘坐的飞机、我们使用的电力 和石油，乃至于我们点一下鼠标打开一个网页的 时候，都离不开超级计算机的支持。
Application area
Installation Year Operating System Interconnect Processor
Not Specified
2009 Linux Infiniband PowerXCell 8i 3200 MHz (12.8 GFlops)
第四位：美国的克雷股份有限公司的Kraken XT5
Interconnect Processor
Linux
Proprietary
AMD x86_6ຫໍສະໝຸດ Opteron Six Core 2600 MHz (10.4 GFlops)
第五位：德国的 IBM公司的尤金
System Name Site System Family System Model Computer Vendor Application area Installation Year Operating System Interconnect Processor JUGENE Forschungszentrum Juelich (FZJ) IBM BlueGene BlueGene/P Blue Gene/P Solution IBM Research 2009 CNK/SLES 9 Proprietary PowerPC 450 850 MHz (3.4 GFlops)
世界超级计算机TOP500_2014年11月最新排名
Rank Previous R First AppeaCountry YearFirst Rank Name Computer Site ManufacturNUDT China2013 11411Tianhe-2 (Mil TH-IVB-FEP National Supe22401Titan Cray XK7 , O D OE/SC/Oak Cray Inc.United States2012 333817Sequoia BlueGene/Q,DOE/NNSA/L IBM United States2011 44371K computer, SFujitsu Japan2011RIKEN AdvanIBM United States2012 55393Mira BlueGene/Q,DOE/SC/ArgoCray Inc.Switzerland2012Swiss Nationa6640114Piz Daint Cray XC30, XTexas Advan Dell United States2012 77407Stampede PowerEdge CIBM Germany2012 88398JUQUEEN BlueGene/Q,Forschungsze993948Vulcan BlueGene/Q,DOE/NNSA/L IBM United States2012 104410Cray CS-Stor Government Cray Inc.United States2014 1121377Pleiades SGI ICE X, In NASA/Ames SGI United States2011 12114311HPC2iDataPlex DX Exploration &IBM Italy2014Government Cray Inc.United States2014 13104310Cray XC30, InIBM Germany2012 1412394SuperMUCiDataPlex DX Leibniz Reche15134211TSUBAME 2.Cluster Platfo GSIC Center,NEC/HP Japan2013 164416Hornet Cray XC40, XHLRS - Höch Cray Inc.Germany2014NUDT China2010National Supe1714361Tianhe-1A NUDT YH MP18154213cascade Atipa Visione DOE/SC/Pac Atipa Techno United States2013Army Resear Cray Inc.United States2014 194419Excalibur Cray XC40, X20164111Pangea SGI ICE X, X Total Explora SGI France2013 214421Tianhe-2 LvL Tianhe-2 LvL LvLiang Clou NUDT China2014T-Platforms Russia2014 2212943129T-Platform A-Moscow State2317397Fermi BlueGene/Q,CINECA IBM Italy2012DOE/SC/LBN Cray Inc.United States2014 24184318Edison Cray XC30, In25254219ARCHER Cray XC30, InCray Inc.United Kingdo2014EPSRC/UniveBull SA France2014 264426Occigen bullx DLC, X Grand EquipeIBM United States2013 27224217Power 775, P IBM Developm28194319Cray XC30, InECMWF Cray Inc.United Kingdo2014ECMWF Cray Inc.United Kingdo2014 29204320Cray XC30, In30233913Blue Joule BlueGene/Q,Science and IBM United Kingdo2012SGI United States2012 31244069Spirit SGI ICE X, X Air Force ResKTH - Royal I Cray Inc.Sweden2014 324432Beskow Cray XC40, XBullx B510, X CEA/TGCC-GBull SA France2012 3326399Curie thin nodIBM Germany2013 34274231iDataPlex DX Max-Planck-GDawning China2010 3528352Nebulae Dawning TC3National SupeIBM United States2012 36294013Yellowstone iDataPlex DX NCAR (NationCSC (Center Cray Inc.Finland2014 3723240118Sisu Cray XC40, X38303828Helios Bullx B510, X International Bull SA Japan2011ERDC DSRC Cray Inc.United States2010 39313644Garnet Cray XE6, OpDOE/NNSA/L Cray Inc.United States2011 4032376Cielo Cray XE6, OpPawsey Supe Cray Inc.Australia2014 414441Magnus Cray XC40, XIBM France2012 42533929Turing BlueGene/Q,CNRS/IDRIS-43333920DiRAC BlueGene/Q,University of IBM United Kingdo2012 4434365Hopper Cray XE6, OpDOE/SC/LBN Cray Inc.United States2010 4522442184Cartesius Bullx DLC B7SURFsara Bull SA Netherlands2013 464446QB-2Dell C8220X Louisiana Op Dell United States2014 4735366Tera-100Bull bullx sup Commissaria Bull SA France2010 48363918Oakleaf-FXPRIMEHPC FInformation T Fujitsu Japan2012Japan2013Research Ins Hitachi/FujitsuHA8000-tc HT49374236QUARTETTORackable Clu NASA/Godda SGI United States2014 504450Discover SCU5115042121Konrad Cray XC40, InHLRN at ZIB/Cray Inc.Germany2014National Com Fujitsu Australia2012 52384024Fujitsu PRIMEHewlett-Pack United States2013 53394128Conte Cluster Platfo Purdue Unive54404340Spruce A SGI ICE X, In AWE SGI United Kingdo2014 554455Lightning Cray XC30, InCray Inc.United States2014Air Force ResCray Inc.Switzerland2014 564456Piz Dora Cray XC40, XSwiss Nationa57414036MareNostrum iDataPlex DX Barcelona Su IBM Spain2012T-Platforms Russia2011Moscow State58423713LomonosovT-Platforms T594339102BlueGene/Q,Rensselaer P IBM United States2012 60443812HERMIT Cray XE6, OpHWW/Univer Cray Inc.Germany2011243945121.xlsSegmentTotal Core Accelerato Rmax Rpeak Nmax Nhalf Power Mflops/Wa Architectur Research31200002736000338627005490240099600000178081901.54Cluster Research56064026163217590000271125500082092142.77MPP Research1572864017173224201326590078902176.58MPP Research7050240105100001128038411870208012659.89830.18Cluster Research78643208586612100663300039452176.58MPP Research11598473808627100077888534128768023252697.2MPP Academic462462366366516811085201123875000045101145.92Cluster Research4587520500885758720260023012176.82MPP Research3932160429330650331650019722177.13MPP Government728006240035770006131840233600001498.92386.42Cluster Research160768033756003987900498432003140.71074.79Cluster Industry7200042000318800046050003978240012272598.21Cluster Government22598403143520488125425416840MPP Academic147456028970003185050520192003422.67846.42Cluster Academic760325913627850005735685170000001398.611991.26Cluster Research946080276300037843207468032015121827.38Cluster Research18636810035225660004701000360000010000004040635.15MPP Research194616171720253913033880324032000013841834.63Cluster Government10006402485000368235564414080Cluster Industry110400020980902296320386252802118990.6Cluster Industry17472015321620713903074534236697609972077.62Cluster Academic37120192001849000257587222937600Cluster Academic16384001788878209715200821.882176.57MPP Research13382401654702256942100MPP Research11808001642536255052800MPP Academic5054401628770210263039744000934.81742.37Cluster Vendor62944015870001931625003575.63443.84MPP Research8316001552000179625643073520MPP Research8316001552000179625643073520MPP Research131072014311021677722006572178.24MPP Government73584014154701530547312883201606881.36Cluster Academic5363201397000197365833672960Cluster Research77184013590001667174575752802251603.73Cluster Research653200128331214631680012601018.5Cluster Research1206406496012710002984300235929602580492.64Cluster Research72288012576151503590001436.72875.34Cluster Academic40608012500001689293330144006801838.24Cluster Academic70560012370001524096487015202200562.27Cluster Research15052801167000150528056855040MPP Research142272011100001365811003980278.89MPP Research3571201097558148561931597440Cluster Academic98304010733271258291004932177.13MPP Academic9830401073327125829100493.122176.6MPP Research153408010540001288627453734402910362.2MPP Academic3888001052510132710431104000470.42237.48Cluster Academic230401344010520001473600179916805002104Cluster Research138368010500001254550492633604590228.76Cluster Academic76800010430001135411405888001176.8886.3Cluster Academic2220721571281018000150223637090560Cluster Research3124801000520129991740953600Cluster Academic449280991525142571531103990Cluster Research53504097860011128833290496561792Cluster Academic77520684009767631341096179308805101915.22Cluster Research44520095873499724831752000855.11121.2Cluster Government561120957600121201922688400MPP Research302400944800125798428857600Cluster Academic4889609250581017037001015.6910.85Cluster Academic78660298209019001700210215039902800322.11Cluster Academic819200894439104857600410.92176.78MPP Industry1134720831400104394235555520MPP243945121.xlsProcessor System Mo System Fa Processor Processor Processor Operating OS Family Accelerato Cores per SIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2200Kylin Linux Linux Intel Xeon Ph12Intel Xeon E5TH-IVB-FEP TH-IVB ClustCray XK7 Cray XKLinux NVIDIA K20x16Opteron 6200Opteron 6274AMD x86_642200Cray Linux EnPowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1SPARC64 VII Sparc2000Linux Linux None8SPARC64 VII K computerFujitsu Cluste PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1Linux NVIDIA K20x8Intel Xeon E5Cray XC30Cray XC Xeon E5-2670Intel SandyBr2600Cray Linux EnIntel SandyBr2700Linux Linux Intel Xeon Ph8Intel Xeon E5PowerEdge CDell PowerEd Xeon E5-2680PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1Intel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2200Linux Linux Nvidia K4010Intel Xeon E5Cray CS-Stor Cray CS-StorLinux None10Intel Xeon E5SGI ICE X SGI ICEIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2800SUSE Linux EIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2800Linux Linux NVIDIA K20x10Intel Xeon E5iDataPlex DX IBM iDataPle Intel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2700Cray Linux EnLinux None12Intel Xeon E5Cray XC30Cray XC Intel SandyBr2700Linux Linux None8Intel Xeon E5iDataPlex DX IBM iDataPle Xeon E5-2680Cluster Platfo HP Cluster PlLinux NVIDIA K20x6Xeon 5600-seXeon X5670 6Intel Nehalem2930SUSE Linux ELinux None12Intel Xeon E5Cray XC40Cray XC Intel Haswell2500Cray Linux EnXeon E5-2680NUDT MPPNUDT YH MPXeon X5670 6Intel Nehalem2930Linux Linux NVIDIA 20506Xeon 5600-seIntel SandyBr2600Linux Linux Intel Xeon Ph8Intel Xeon E5Atipa Visione Atipa Cluster Xeon E5-2670Linux None16Intel Xeon E5Cray XC40Cray XC Xeon E5-2698Intel Haswell2300Cray Linux EnIntel SandyBr2600SUSE Linux ELinux None8Intel Xeon E5SGI ICE X SGI ICE Xeon E5-2670Intel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2200Kylin Linux Linux Intel Xeon Ph12Intel Xeon E5Tianhe-2 LvL Tianhe-2 LvL Intel Haswell2600Linux Linux Nvidia K40m14Intel Xeon E5T-Platform A-T-Platforms C Xeon E5-2697PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1Linux None12Intel Xeon E5Cray XC30Cray XCIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2400Cray Linux EnLinux None12Intel Xeon E5Cray XC30Cray XCIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2700Cray Linux EnBull Bullx Intel Haswell2600Redhat Enter Linux None12Intel Xeon E5bullx DLC 720Xeon E5-2690POWER7 8C Power3836Linux Linux None8POWER7Power 775IBM pSeries Intel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2700Cray Linux EnLinux None12Intel Xeon E5Cray XC30Cray XCLinux None12Intel Xeon E5Cray XC30Cray XCIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2700Cray Linux EnPowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1Xeon E5-2670Intel SandyBr2600Redhat Enter Linux None8Intel Xeon E5SGI ICE X SGI ICELinux None16Intel Xeon E5Cray XC40Cray XC Intel Haswell2300Cray Linux EnXeon E5-2698Intel SandyBr2700bullx SUperC Linux None8Intel Xeon E5Bullx B510Bull Bullx Xeon E5-2680Intel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2800Linux Linux None10Intel Xeon E5iDataPlex DX IBM iDataPleDawning TC3Dawning Clus Intel Nehalem2660Linux Linux NVIDIA 20506Xeon 5600-seXeon X5650 6Intel SandyBr2600Linux Linux None8Intel Xeon E5iDataPlex DX IBM iDataPle Xeon E5-2670Linux None12Intel Xeon E5Cray XC40Cray XC Intel Haswell2600Cray Linux EnXeon E5-2690Intel SandyBr2700bullx SUperC Linux None8Intel Xeon E5Bullx B510Bull Bullx Xeon E5-2680Opteron 16C AMD x86_642500Linux Linux None16Opteron 6200Cray XE6Cray XECray XE6Cray XE Opteron 6136AMD x86_642400Linux Linux None8Opteron 6100Linux None12Intel Xeon E5Cray XC40Cray XC Intel Haswell2600Cray Linux EnXeon E5-2690PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1AMD x86_642100Linux Linux None12Opteron 6100Cray XE6Cray XE Opteron 6172Intel Haswell2600bullx SCS Linux None12Intel Xeon E5Bullx DLC B7Bull Bullx Xeon E5-2690Intel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2800Redhat Enter Linux NVIDIA K20x10Intel Xeon E5Dell C8220X Dell PowerEdbullx super-noBull Bullx Xeon X7560 8Intel Nehalem2260Linux Linux None8Xeon 5500-seFujitsu Cluste SPARC64 IXf Sparc1848Linux Linux None16SPARC64 IXf PRIMEHPC FQuartetto Clu Intel SandyBr2700Redhat Enter Linux NVIDIA K20/K8Intel Xeon E5HA8000-tc HTXeon E5-2680Linux None14Intel Xeon E5Rackable Clu Rackable Clu Intel Haswell2600SUSE Linux EXeon E5-2697Linux None12Intel Xeon E5Cray XC40Cray XCIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2400Cray Linux EnFujitsu Cluste Xeon E5-2670Intel SandyBr2600Linux Linux None8Intel Xeon E5Fujitsu PRIMEIntel SandyBr2600Linux Linux Intel Xeon Ph8Intel Xeon E5Cluster Platfo HP Cluster Pl Xeon E5-2670Linux None10Intel Xeon E5SGI ICE X SGI ICEIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2800SUSE Linux ELinux None12Intel Xeon E5Cray XC30Cray XCIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2700Cray Linux EnLinux None12Intel Xeon E5Cray XC40Cray XC Intel Haswell2600Cray Linux EnXeon E5-2690Intel SandyBr2600Linux Linux None8Intel Xeon E5iDataPlex DX IBM iDataPle Xeon E5-2670T-Platforms CT-Platforms T Intel Nehalem2930Linux Linux NVIDIA 20706Xeon 5600-seXeon X5670 6PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1Cray XE6Cray XELinux None16Opteron 6200Opteron 6276AMD x86_642300Cray Linux En243945121.xlsInterconne Interconne Region ContinentEastern Asia A siaTH Express-2Custom IntercCray Intercon Cray Gemini North Americ AmericasCustom IntercNorth Americ Americas Custom IntercCustom IntercEastern Asia A sia Custom IntercNorth Americ AmericasCustom IntercCustom IntercEuropeWestern EuroCustom IntercAries interconInfiniband Infiniband FD North Americ AmericasEuropeWestern EuroCustom IntercCustom IntercNorth Americ AmericasCustom IntercCustom IntercInfiniband Infiniband FD North Americ Americas Infiniband Infiniband FD North Americ Americas Infiniband Infiniband FD Southern Eur EuropeNorth Americ Americas Custom IntercAries interconEurope Infiniband Infiniband FD Western EuroEastern Asia A sia Infiniband Infiniband QDEuropeWestern EuroAries interconCustom IntercProprietary N ProprietaryEastern Asia A sia Infiniband Infiniband FD North Americ AmericasNorth Americ AmericasAries 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interconCustom IntercEuropeWestern EuroCustom IntercCustom IntercEuropeNorthern EuroCustom IntercCustom IntercCray Intercon Cray Gemini North Americ AmericasEurope Infiniband Infiniband FD Western Euro Infiniband Infiniband FD North Americ AmericasWestern EuroEurope Infiniband Infiniband QDTofu intercon Eastern Asia A sia Custom IntercInfiniband Infiniband FD Eastern Asia A sia Infiniband Infiniband FD North Americ AmericasEuropeWestern EuroAries interconCustom IntercInfiniband Infiniband FD Australia and Oceania Infiniband Infiniband FD North Americ AmericasEurope Infiniband Infiniband FD Northern EuroNorth Americ Americas Custom IntercAries interconEuropeWestern EuroCustom IntercAries interconInfiniband Infiniband FD Southern Eur Europe Infiniband Infiniband Eastern Euro EuropeNorth Americ Americas Custom IntercCustom IntercEurope Cray Intercon Cray Gemini Western Euro243945121.xls6114942120Gottfried Cray XC40, InCray Inc.Germany2014HLRN at UnivHewlett-Pack Saudi Arabia2014 62454345Faris Cluster Platfo Saudi AramcoCray Inc.Japan2014National Astro63904163Aterui Cray XC40, XTulip Trading Supermicro Australia2014 644464C01N SuperBlade SChina2011 65463814Sunway Blue Sunway Blue National SupeNational ReseLawrence Liv Cray Inc.United States2011 66473815Zin Xtreme-X GreNUDT China2011 67483816Tianhe-1A HuNational SupeNUDT YH MP68494349Spruce B SGI ICE X, In AWE SGI United Kingdo2014 695035112Endeavor Intel Cluster, Intel Intel United States2011 70514351COMA (PACSCenter for Co Cray Inc.Japan2014Cray CS300 171524136iDataPlex DX Indian Institut IBM India2013IBM United States2012 725439100Cetus BlueGene/Q,DOE/SC/Argo73553930Zumbrota BlueGene/Q,EDF R&D IBM France2012 741104068BGQ BlueGene/Q,SOSCIP/LKS IBM Canada2012IBM Switzerland2013BlueGene/Q,Swiss Nationa75564247EPFL Blue Br76573931Avoca BlueGene/Q,Victorian Life IBM Australia2012IBM Germany2013 77584249iDataPlex DX Max-Planck-G7830340135Gyre iDataPlex DX National Cent IBM United States2012 7930240136Tide iDataPlex DX National Cent IBM United States2012University of Cray Inc.United Kingdo2011 80593724HECToR Cray XE6, OpRSC TornadoSt. Petersbur RSC Group Russia2014 814481Polytechnic R826038483Power 775, P ECMWF IBM United Kingdo2011 83613855Power 775, P ECMWF IBM United Kingdo2011Cray Inc.United States2013 84624146Big Red II Cray XK7 , O I ndiana UniveVienna Scien ClusterVision Austria2014 854485VSC-3Oil blade serv86634039SGI ICE X, X Central Rese SGI Japan2012 87643820Gaea C2Cray XE6, OpNOAA/Oak R Cray Inc.United States2011 88654365SuperMIC Dell C8220X Louisiana Sta Dell United States2014Hewlett-Pack United States2013 896641115Palmetto2Cluster Platfo Clemson Univ90674149Cluster Platfo Service Provi Hewlett-Pack United States2013IBM Japan2012 91683936SAKURA BlueGene/Q,High Energy A92694042HIMAWARI BlueGene/Q,High Energy AIBM Japan2012King Abdulaz Adtech Saudi Arabia2012 93704052SANAM Adtech, ASUS94714153HPCC Cluster Platfo University of Hewlett-Pack United States2013Airbus Hewlett-Pack France2014 95724372HPC4HP POD - CluNavy DSRC Cray Inc.United States2014 964496Shepard Cray XC30, InSGI United States2014 974497Falcon SGI ICE X, X Idaho Nationa98734262Cluster Platfo Energy CompHewlett-Pack United States2013China2011 99743519Mole-8.5Mole-8.5 ClusInstitute of Pr IPE, Nvidia, THewlett-Pack United States2014 100754375Cluster Platfo IT Provider (P101764264Amazon EC2Amazon EC2Amazon Web Self-made United States2013 102774377Cluster Platfo IT Service Pr Hewlett-Pack United States2014Navy DSRC Cray Inc.United States2014 10344103Armstrong Cray XC30, In104783862Power 775, P United KingdoIBM United Kingdo2011Bull SA France2013 105794154Beaufix Bullx DLC B7Meteo FranceBull SA France2014 106804380Prolix Bullx DLC B7Meteo France107814044Cluster Platfo Geoscience (Hewlett-Pack United States2012Hewlett-Pack United States2012 108824048Cluster Platfo Energy CompCSC (Center Hewlett-Pack Finland2014 10944109Apollo 6000 X110834269HPCC1iDataPlex DX Exploration &IBM Italy2013IBM Saudi Arabia2013 111844160Makman iDataPlex DX Saudi Aramco112854385IBM Flex Sys China Meteor IBM China2014 113864386IBM Flex Sys China Meteor IBM China2014Sun Microsys United States2010 114873510Red Sky Sun Blade x6Sandia NationBull Bull SA France2011 1153827Manny bullx DLC 720116884272Cluster Platfo Software ComHewlett-Pack United States2013Center for Co Cray Inc.Japan2012 117893941HA-PACS Xtreme-X Gre118914164Cluster Platfo IT Service Pr Hewlett-Pack United States2013 119924053Discover iDataPlex DX NASA Center IBM United States2012 120934055HPCEE SGI RackableDOE/Nationa SGI United States2012Hewlett-Pack Denmark2014 12144121Computerom A pollo 6000 XCenter for Bio243945121.xlsAcademic403200829805124139530016800Cluster Industry409600816578.691750400Cluster Academic254400801400105830437422720568.51409.67Cluster Industry160600134200798261316448040320001008006191289.6Cluster Research13720007959001070160337512001074741.06Cluster Research462080773700961126.432604001630200924.16837.19Cluster 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Others975Linux Linux None16ShenWei Sunway Blue Sunway BlueAppro Xtreme Intel SandyBr2600RHEL 6.2Linux None8Intel Xeon E5Xtreme-X GreXeon E5-2670NUDT YH MPNUDT MPP Xeon X5670 6Intel Nehalem2930Linux Linux NVIDIA 20506Xeon 5600-seLinux None10Intel Xeon E5SGI ICE X SGI ICEIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2800SUSE Linux EIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2700Linux Linux Intel Xeon Ph12Intel Xeon E5Intel Cluster I ntel ClusterCray CS300 Intel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2500Linux Linux Intel Xeon Ph10Intel Xeon E5Cray CS300 1Intel SandyBr2600Linux Linux None8Intel Xeon E5iDataPlex DX IBM iDataPle Xeon E5-2670PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1Intel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2800Linux Linux NVIDIA K20x10Intel Xeon E5iDataPlex DX IBM iDataPleIntel SandyBr2600Linux Linux None8Intel Xeon E5iDataPlex DX IBM iDataPle Xeon E5-2670Intel SandyBr2600Linux Linux None8Intel Xeon E5iDataPlex DX IBM iDataPle Xeon E5-2670Cray XE6Cray XELinux None16Opteron 6200Opteron 6276AMD x86_642300Cray Linux EnIntel Haswell2600Cell OS Unix None14Intel Xeon E5RSC TornadoRSC Cluster Xeon E5-2697POWER7 8C Power3836AIX Unix None8POWER7Power 775IBM pSeriesPOWER7 8C Power3836AIX Unix None8POWER7Power 775IBM pSeriesLinux NVIDIA K2016Opteron 6200Cray XK7 Cray XK AMD x86_642300Cray Linux EnOpteron 6276ClusterVisionLinux None8Intel Xeon E5Oil blade servIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2600Scientific LinuIntel SandyBr2600SUSE Linux ELinux None8Intel Xeon E5SGI ICE X SGI ICE Xeon E5-2670Cray XE6Cray XELinux None16Opteron 6200Opteron 6276AMD x86_642300Cray Linux EnIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2800Redhat Enter Linux Intel Xeon Ph10Intel Xeon E5Dell C8220X Dell PowerEdIntel SandyBr2400Linux Linux Nvidia K20m8Intel Xeon E5Cluster Platfo HP Cluster Pl Xeon E5-2665Intel SandyBr2600Linux Linux None8Intel Xeon E5Cluster Platfo HP Cluster Pl Xeon E5-2670PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1PowerPC1600Linux Linux None16Power BQC BlueGene/Q IBM BlueGen Power BQC 1Intel SandyBr2000Linux Linux AMD FirePro8Intel Xeon E5Adtech ESC4Adtech Cluste Xeon E5-2650Intel SandyBr2400Linux Linux Nvidia K20m8Intel Xeon E5Cluster Platfo HP Cluster Pl Xeon E5-2665HP PodIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2700Linux Linux None12Intel Xeon E5HP POD - CluIntel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2700Cray Linux EnLinux Intel Xeon Ph12Intel Xeon E5Cray XC30Cray XCIntel Haswell2500SUSE Linux ELinux None12Intel Xeon E5SGI ICE X SGI ICE Xeon E5-2680Intel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2800Linux Linux None10Intel Xeon E5Cluster Platfo HP Cluster PlMole-8.5 ClusMole-8.5 Clus Intel Nehalem2267Linux Linux NVIDIA 20504Xeon 5500-seXeon X5520 4Intel Xeon E5Intel IvyBridg2700Linux Linux None12Intel Xeon E5Cluster Platfo HP Cluster PlIntel 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8CPower3550AIX Unix None8POWER7IBM Flex Sys IBM Flex Sys POWER7 8CSun Blade x6Sun Blade Sy Intel Nehalem2930CentOS Linux None4Xeon 5500-seXeon X5570 4Bull Bullx Intel Haswell2600Redhat Enter Linux None12Intel Xeon E5bullx DLC 720Xeon E5-2690Intel SandyBr1800Linux Linux None8Intel Xeon E5Cluster Platfo HP Cluster Pl Xeon E5-2450Appro Xtreme Intel SandyBr2600Linux Linux NVIDIA 20908Intel Xeon E5Xtreme-X GreXeon E5-2670Intel SandyBr2600Linux Linux NVIDIA 20758Intel Xeon E5Cluster Platfo HP Cluster Pl Xeon E5-2670Intel SandyBr2600Linux Linux Intel Xeon Ph8Intel Xeon E5iDataPlex DX IBM iDataPle Xeon E5-2670Xeon E5-2670Rackable Clu Intel SandyBr2600Linux Linux None8Intel Xeon E5SGI RackableHP Apollo Xeon E5-2683Intel Haswell2000Linux Linux None14Intel Xeon E5Apollo 6000 X243945121.xls。
超级计算机
与比尔·盖茨这样精明的计算机商人不同，克雷是一个典型的工程师。曾经整整四个春秋，谢绝一切社交活动，埋头绘制图纸、制作零件。连著名的学术团体的颁奖，他也不愿抛头露面，为此博得了“丛林隐士”的绰号。克雷生平极少发表演说。
尽管克雷在上个世纪60年代成功开发了第一代超级计算机,但是真正将这个产品应用起来的还是前面提到的LawrenceLivermore国家实验室和另一位超级计算机设计者Frank McMahon，目的是为了克服当时磁芯存储器存在的延时问题。1971年前后Frank McMahon将这种想法成功地应用于CDCSTAR超级计算机的处理器CDC7600上。
x
1983年研制成功银河亿次巨型计算机，使我国成为能研制巨型机的少数几个国家之一，该成果荣获特等国防科技成果奖。
"银河"系列超级计算机
在国防科技大学计算机学院宽敞明亮的机房里，矗立着一个红黄两色相间的大机柜。这就是我国自行设计和研制的第一台每秒运算速度达亿次的超级计算机——“银河—I”。它的诞生，使我国成为继美国、日本之后第三个能独立设计和研制超级计算机的国家。
中国超级计算机历史
世界上第一台数字电子计算机诞生于1946年，中国电子计算机的科研、生产和应用是从上世纪五十年代中后期开始的。1956年，周总理亲自主持制定的《十二年科学技术发展规划》中，就把计算机列为发展科学技术的重点之一，并筹建了中国第一个计算技术研究所——中国科学院计算技术研究所。1957年,哈尔滨工业大学研制成功中国第一台模拟式电子计算机。1958年8月1日，我国第一台数字电子计算机——103机诞生。
1965年，中国自主研制的第一块集成电路在上海诞生，仅比美国晚了5年。在此后的岁月里，尽管国外对我国进行技术封锁，但这一领域的广大科研工作者和工人阶级，发扬自力更生和艰苦奋斗的精神，依靠自己的力量建起了中国早期的半导体工业，掌握了从拉单晶、设备制造，再到集成电路制造全过程，积累了大量的人才和丰富的知识，相继研制并生产了DTL、TTL、 ECL等各种类型的中小规模双极型数字逻辑电路，支持了国内计算机行业。当时具备这种能力的国家除中国外，只有美国、日本和苏联。
世界超级计算机TOP500_200606
Site ManufacturerComputer Country Year Processors RMax RPeak DOE/NNSA/LLNL IBM eServer Blue Gene Solution2005 United States 131072 280600 367000 IBM Thomas J. Watson Research United States 2005 IBM eServer Blue Gene Solution Center 40960 91290 114688 DOE/NNSA/LLNL IBM eServer pSeries p5 575 1.9 GHz United States 2006 12208 75760 92781 NASA/Ames ResearchSGI Altix 1.5 GHz,States Infiniband 10160 SGI Center/NAS United Voltaire 2004 51870 60960 Commissariat aSA Bull l'Energie Atomique (CEA) NovaScale France 5160, Itanium2 1.6 GHz, Quadrics 2006 8704 42900 55705.6 Sandia National Laboratories Dell PowerEdgeUnited 3.6 GHz, Infiniband 90