大学语法-ed分词

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3__-ing分词_ed-分词

3__-ing分词_ed-分词
School of Foreign Studies
-ing 分词和-ed 分词



1、主语 注意:此时,主语和表语要同时采用-ING分词或同时采用 不定式形式,即平行结构,否则被认为不正确。但在动词 seem, prove, appear后面,通常只跟to be。 Climbing the mountain seems to be hopeless, for it’s raining hard. 用it 作形式主语, -ING分词用在下列结构中: It is/was + 特定adj. / n. + -ing分词 Adj. : nice, better, foolish, enjoyable, fun, good, useless n. : any /some/no good, any /some /no use, a waste of time Is it any good trying to explain? It’s no use crying over spilt milk. .




(5) begin, start 下列情况只能用to do 作宾语 begin, start 本身为进行体: I was beginning to get angry. 如所接动词为表示心理活动的动词,如 understand, realize, know等。 They began to realize what she really want. 如所接动词后又要加不定式,则前一动词用ING分词,以避免重复。 They began deciding to do….




1.有明显的先后 Having noted down our names and addresses, the policeman dismissed us. I was unable to go with you, having promised to accompany my girlfriend to the concert. 2. 无明显的先后 Locking the door, he went home. Hearing the joke, we burst out laughing. 比较: Finding the door locked, I went home. (时间) I went home, finding the door locked. (结果) 分词动作晚于谓语动作,此时分词短语要置于句末。

英语 -ED分词 的用法

英语 -ED分词 的用法

-ED分词-ED分词-ED分词(-ED Participle)即传统语法所指的“过去分词”(Past Participle), 是非限定动词之一。

-ED分词有两种形式:规则动词形式和不规则动词形式。

规则动词形式由规则动词+-ED 构成;不规则动词有其特殊的-ED分词。

在语法功能上,它在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING 分词相同,可以作表语,定语,状语,也可以用在复合结构中,不管它作什么成分,其最基本的含义是“被动”的。

-ED分词在语法功能和意义上与-ING分词有一定的区别。

一、-ED分词与-ING分词的区别虽然在语法功能上,-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同,但在意义上两者有差别:-ED分词表示被动的意义而-ING分词则表示主动的意义;-ED分词表示已经完成和被动的动作而-ING分词则表示一般性的或正在进行的动作,在表现形式上,-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分;而-ED分词只有一种形式。

下边我们分析-ING 分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。

1. 作表语时,-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态The book is quite interesting. I am interested in the book very much.The play is more exciting than any I have ever seen.That piece of land lay deserted.2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况1) Having been served lunch,_________ .[A]the problem was discussed by the members of the committee[B]the committee members discussed the problem[C]it was discussed by the committee members the problem[D]a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee (B) 2) _______for her anthropological(人类学的) research,Margaret Mead also was involved with(涉及) the World Federation for Mental Health.[A] She is noted primarily[B] Noted primarily[C] Primarily is noted[D] She primarily noted (B)3) Considered one of the leading poets in America today,___________ .[A]a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez[B]Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays[C]a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written[D]there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez (B) 3. 作定语时,①-ING分词表示正在进行的动作,而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前;②-ING分词表示它所修饰的词经常或当时的状态,而-ED分词则没有时间性;③-ING分词表示主动,而-ED分词表示被动Identify and correct:1)The boiled [A]point of any liquid [ B]is determined[C]by the pressure [D]of the surrounding gases. 将boiled 改成boiling2)High-grade [A]written [B]paper is frequently [C]obtained [D]from cotton rags.将written 改成writing3)Scientists [A]still cannot find [B]any convinced[C]link between intelligence [D]and the quantity or quality of brain cells. 将convinced 改成convincing解析:1)A错。

英语-ED分词的用法

英语-ED分词的用法

-ED分词-ED分词-ED分词(-ED Participle)即传统语法所指的“过去分词”(Past Participle), 是非限定动词之一。

-ED分词有两种形式:规则动词形式和不规则动词形式。

规则动词形式由规则动词+-ED 构成;不规则动词有其特殊的-ED分词。

在语法功能上,它在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING 分词相同,可以作表语,定语,状语,也可以用在复合结构中,不管它作什么成分,其最基本的含义是“被动”的。

-ED分词在语法功能和意义上与-ING分词有一定的区别。

一、-ED分词与-ING分词的区别虽然在语法功能上,-ED分词在句子中所能承担的成分基本与-ING分词相同,但在意义上两者有差别:-ED分词表示被动的意义而-ING分词则表示主动的意义;-ED分词表示已经完成和被动的动作而-ING分词则表示一般性的或正在进行的动作,在表现形式上,-ING分词有“一般式”和“完成式”与“主动式”和“被动式”之分;而-ED分词只有一种形式。

下边我们分析-ING 分词与-ED分词在语法功用上的区别。

1. 作表语时,-ING分词表示主语所具有的特征而-ED分词表示主语所处的状态The book is quite interesting. I am interested in the book very much.The play is more exciting than any I have ever seen.That piece of land lay deserted.2. 作状语时-ING分词表示主语正在进行的另一动作而-ED分词则表示主语发生动作的背景或情况1) Having been served lunch,_________ .[A]the problem was discussed by the members of the committee[B]the committee members discussed the problem[C]it was discussed by the committee members the problem[D]a discussion of the problem was made by the members of the committee (B)2) _______for her anthropological(人类学的) research,Margaret Mead also was involved with(涉及) the World Federation for Mental Health.[A] She is noted primarily[B] Noted primarily[C] Primarily is noted[D] She primarily noted (B)3) Considered one of the leading poets in Americatoday,___________ .[A]a number of books and plays have also been written by Sonia Sanchez[B]Sonia Sanchez has also written a number of books and plays[C]a number of Sonia Sanchez's books and plays have been written[D]there have been a number of books and plays written by Sonia Sanchez (B)3. 作定语时,①-ING分词表示正在进行的动作,而-ED分词表示动作发生在谓语动词之前;②-ING分词表示它所修饰的词经常或当时的状态,而-ED分词则没有时间性;③-ING分词表示主动,而-ED分词表示被动Identify and correct:1)The boiled [A]point of any liquid [ B]is determined[C]by the pressure [D]of the surrounding gases. 将boiled 改成boiling2)High-grade [A]written [B]paper is frequently [C]obtained [D]from cotton rags.将written 改成writing3)Scientists [A]still cannot find [B]any convinced[C]link between intelligence [D] and the quantity or quality of brain cells. 将convinced 改成convincing解析:1)A错。

大学语法-ed分词

大学语法-ed分词

上述带从属连词的-ed分词分句也可以看作是一种省 略从属分句,省略的部分总是”主语+be的一定形 式“,省略的主语即分句逻辑主语。
一、现在分词和过去分词的区别
• 现在分词和过去分词的区别主要体现在语态和时 间概念上。总体而言,现在分词表示主动和进行, 过去分词表示被动和完成。例如: • He cut himself while shaving.他刮胡子的时候刮 伤了脸(相对于主语而言,现在分词表示主动) • Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks even more beautiful。从山顶看下去,这个公园更 加漂亮(相对于主语而言,过去分词表示被动) • We have to be more flexible when facing the challenges from the changing world.当面对来自 变化的世界的挑战时,我们需要更灵活。(facing 表示主动,changing表示进行)
-ed分词作前置修饰语
1.来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语
• 来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语通常 带有被动意义和完成一一;而能作上述用 法的-ing分词有的来自及物动词,有的来自 不及物动词,通常带有主动意义和未完成 意义。试比较: • Frozen food a freezing wind • A bored traveller a boring journey • A lost cause a losing battle
有些-ed分词通常不能单独用作前置修饰语,但若加 前缀un-或者为副词所修饰而构成“副词+-ed分词” 的复合形容词以后,便可作前置修饰语。例如:
• Uninvited guests • Untold sufferings • Unheard-of stories

语法讲座之-ed分词

语法讲座之-ed分词

语法讲座之-ed分词基本概念1. 分词的定义动词的-ed分词即过去分词,是由动词的过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。

2. 过去分词的语法作用:过去分词一方面具有动词的性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词,在句中可以作表语、定语、状语和补足语。

1) 过去分词作表语,主要表示主语的心理感觉或所处的状态。

如:Dont touch the glass because it is broken. 不要碰那个杯子,它是坏的。

He is quite pleased with the design of the dress.她很喜欢那礼服的式样。

2) 过去分词做定语:单个的过去分词作定语一般放在名词的前面,相当于一个定语从句。

如:The excited people rushed into the building.激动的人们奔进了大楼。

We need more qualified teachers.我们需要更多合格的教师。

过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰的词后面,相当于一个定语从句。

如:Is there anything planned for tomorrow? 明天有什么活动吗?The suggestion made by the foreign expert was adopted by the manager. 外国专家提出来的建议被经理采纳了。

过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。

如:The books, written by Lu Xun, are popular with many Chinese people.这些书是鲁迅写的,受到了许多中国人民的喜爱。

The meeting, attended by one thousand students, was a success. 这次会议获得很大的成功,共有一千个学生出席了。

3) 过去分词做状语:过去分词和-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

ed分词的用法总结

ed分词的用法总结

ed分词的用法总结一、什么是ED分词二、ED分词的基本用法1. 表示过去完成2. 表示被动语态3. 表示状态或性质一、什么是ED分词在英语中,动词的原形和过去式往往是不同的,而过去式通常使用“-ed”结尾。

这种以“-ed”结尾的形式被称为ED分词。

它不仅可以表示动作发生的时间,还可以用来描述状态、性质等,因此在英语中起着非常重要的作用。

二、ED分词的基本用法1. 表示过去完成ED分词最常见且基本的用法之一就是表示过去完成。

这种用法通常与助动词"have"或"had"连用,构成了现在完成时和过去完成时。

例如:- I have finished my homework.(我已经完成了我的作业。

)- She had done the housework before her mother came back.(她妈妈回来之前,她已经做完了家务。

)2. 表示被动语态另一个常见而重要的用法是表示被动语态。

通过将主动语态中的谓语动词转换为对应的ED分词形式,并辅以“be”系列助动词进行构成。

例如:- The book was written by Mark Twain.(这本书是马克·吐温写的。

)- The car was repaired by the mechanic.(汽车被修理工修好了。

)3. 表示状态或性质除了表示动作的完成和被动语态,ED分词还能够用来描述某个事物的状态或属性。

例如:- She was excited to receive the award.(她因获得奖项而激动。

)- The broken window needs to be fixed.(破窗户需要修理。

)以上仅是ED分词的基本用法,实际上它具有更多的变化和用途。

比如,ED 分词还可以用作形容词来修饰名词。

总结起来,ED分词在英语中使用广泛,除了表达过去完成的动作和被动语态外,还可以描述状态、性质等。

语法-ed分词

语法-ed分词

过去分词作状语时, 为了使意义更加明确,也可以在pp 前加上对应的连词when, as, if 等等.
1. When asked why he didn’t do it, he began to cry. 2. If given more time, I’ll catch up with you. 3. As / Because born and brought up in the village, he knows a lot of people there. 4. Although defeated many times, they continue to fight. 注意:带有连词的过去分词结构相当于一个省略句, ____________________________ _______________________________ 省略的部分为主语+be的相应变化形式.
非 谓 语 动 词Βιβλιοθήκη to dodoing
过去分词 done
动名词 现在分词
分词
主动 正在进行 现在分词: 表示动作是____的和_________的 被动 完成 过去分词: 表示动作是____的和_______的
定语 ____、 宾语补足语 、 分词在句中可以作____、表语 ________ 状语 和 ____。
【及时巩固】:过去分词充当定语、 表语和宾语补足语
interested 4. I am _________ (感兴趣) in the story. 5. I haven’t got the film developed (冲洗)yet. ________ 6. A breaking cup is lying on the floor.(改错) breaking改为broken 7. The meeting holds yesterday was very important. (改错)

动词-ed分词的用法讲解

动词-ed分词的用法讲解

动词-ed分词得用法一、基本概念1、分词得定义1、动词得-ed分词即过去分词,就是由动词得过去分词构成,一般只有一种形式。

2、过去分词得语法作用:过去分词一方面具有动词得性质,另一方面也相当于一个形容词或副词(相当于被动语),在句中可以作表语、定语、状语与补足语。

1)过去分词作表语,主要表示主语得心理感觉或所处得状态。

如:Don't touch theglass becauseit isbroken、不要碰那个杯子,它就是坏得(它就是被打坏得).Heis quite pleased with thedesign of the dress、她很喜欢那礼服得式样。

2) 过去分词做定语:单个得过去分词作定语一般放在名词得前面,相当于一个定语从句。

如:The excited people rushedinto the building、激动得人们奔进了大楼.(excitedpeople被激动了得人)W e need more qualified teachers、我们需要更多合格得教师。

(被资质认证过得老师,或经过资质认证得老师。

)过去分词短语作定语通常放在被修饰得词后面,相当于一个定语从句.如:Is there anything planned for tomorrow?明天有什么活动吗?Thesuggestion madeby the foreignexpert wasadopted by the manager、外国专家提出来得建议被经理采纳了。

过去分词作定语也可用作非限制性定语,前后用逗号隔开。

如:The books,written by Lu Xun,are popular withmany Chinese people、这些书就是鲁迅写得,受到了许多中国人民得喜爱。

The meeting,attended by one thousand students,was asucces s、这次会议获得很大得成功,共有一千个学生出席了.3) 过去分词做状语:—ed分词与-ing分词作状语一样,也可以表示时间、原因、条件、让步、方式或伴随情况等。

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1.This missile is designed so that once ____ nothing can be done to retrieve it A. fired B. being fired C. they fired D. having fired
• 1【A】句意:这个导弹是设计成一旦发射 出去,就无法截回。该句中过去分词fired作 时间状语,相当于once it is fired
• 作条件状语: • United,we stand;divided,we fall。 • Seen in this light,the matter is not as serious as people generally suppose。 • 作让步状语: • Left to his own devices,Charles did not relax his efforts • Beaten by the police and sent to jail, Gandhi invented the principle of nonviolent resistance. • 表示伴随状况: • I made a leisurely round of the town,fascinated by the construction going on everywhere。 • He went to Beijing that winter,disguised as a merchant。
第三类包括like,want,wish,order等表示希望, 要求,命令等意义的动词:
• I don’t want any of you (to be) involved in the scandal • He won’t like such questions (to be) discussed at the meeting • The commander ordered the army unit (to be) reorganized.
2.He wasn’t asked to take on the chairmanship of the society,___insufficiently popular with all members。 A. having considered B. was considered C. was being considered D .being considered • 【D】句意:考虑到他在协会所有成员中不 够知名,他没有被要求做协会的主席。该 句中being considered 作原因状语,由于主 语he 和consider的关系是被动关系,所以 用了现在分词的被动式。
Not a single case of T.B. was found in the x-rays studied(=that had beenstudied) • 第一第二例中的-ed分词分句的逻辑主语是主句 的主语,第三例的逻辑主语是介词补足成分the x-rays • B)带从属连词的-ed分词分句 • 这里所说的从属连词可以是when, though/although,as if/as though,if,even if, once,unless,until等。例如: • This dictionary will look nice when printed • Though surrounded,the guerillas were not discouraged • He threw himself from his horse and lay still as if shot
上述带从属连词的-ed分词分句也可以看作是一种省 略从属分句,省略的部分总是”主语+be的一定形 式“,省略的主语即分句逻辑主语。
一、现在分词和过去分词的区别
• 现在分词和过去分词的区别主要体现在语态和时 间概念上。总体而言,现在分词表示主动和进行, 过去分词表示被动和完成。例如: • He cut himself while shaving.他刮胡子的时候刮 伤了脸(相对于主语而言,现在分词表示主动) • Seen from the top of the hill,the park looks even more beautiful。从山顶看下去,这个公园更 加漂亮(相对于主语而言,过去分词表示被动) • We have to be more flexible when facing the challenges from the changing world.当面对来自 变化的世界的挑战时,我们需要更灵活。(facing 表示主动,changing表示进行)
有些-ed分词通常不能单独用作前置修饰语,但若加 前缀un-或者为副词所修饰而构成“副词+-ed分词” 的复合形容词以后,便可作前置修饰语。例如:
• Uninvited guests • Untold sufferings • Unheard-of stories
ቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
badly-built house far-fetched reasons newly-born children
()能带-ed分词作宾语补语的动词分类
• 可以带-ed分词作宾补的动词有以下三类。 • 第一类包括see,hear,feel,find,think等 表示感觉和心理状态的动词: • I saw the students assembled in the hall. • He felt his eyes dazzled by the bright light • Everybody thought the battle lost
-ED分词
• 本书所讲的-ed分词(-ed participle)即传 统语法所指的“过去分词”(past participle)。本讲主要介绍-ed分词在名 词词组中作前置修饰语(premodifier)以 及在句中作主语补语(subject complement)和宾语补语(object complement )
• B)-ed分词分句作状语可表示多种意义,比如作 时间状语: • Heated,the metal expands。 • Once appointed supreme commander,he took the stern measures expected of him。 • 作原因状语: • Deeply moved,he thanked her again and again。 • Absorbed in his work,Jim neglected food and sleep。
2.来自不及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语
• 来自不及物动词的-ed分词很少能单独用作前置修 饰语,能作这种用法的仅限于下面几个词,这些 前置修饰语仅表示完成意义,不表示被动意义。 例如:
• A retired worker=a worker who has retired • An escaped prisoner=a prisoner who has escaped • A faded/withered flower=a flower that has faded/withered • Fallen leaves=leaves that have fallen • An expired lease= a lease that has expired
-ed 分词分句的结构模式
• -ed分词分句也分为不带主语和从属连词的、带从 属连词的和带主语的三种。 • A)不带主语和从属连词的-ed分词分句 • -ed分词分句可以既不带主语也不带从属连词。所 谓不带主语,是指-ed分词分句的逻辑主语通常可 以由特定的上下文判定。例如: • Covered with confusion,she hurriedly left the room • The castle,burn down in 1485,was never rebuilt。
某些来自不及物动词的-ed分词,单独一个词不可以 作前置修饰语(如不可以说“a behaved boy”,a travelled businessman),但若与某些副词构成 复合形容词,便可作前置修饰语。例如“
• Well-behaved children=children who behave well • A widely-travelled businessman=one who has travelled widely • Newly-arrived visitors= visitors who have newly arrived
• 注意:在”have+宾语+-ed分词“这一结构 中,have有三种不同意义。比较: • We had the problem solved(表示”致使 “,一种有意的行为) • She had her arm broken in an accident (表示”遭受“,一种非有意的行为) • I have not any money left。(表示”有“)
• Sometimes it is difficult for people in the developed countries to understand things happening in the developing countries。 • 有时候,发达国家的人们难以理解在发展 中国家发生的事情。 • (developed表示完成,happening表示进 行,developing表示进行)
-ed分词作前置修饰语
1.来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语
• 来自及物动词的-ed分词作前置修饰语通常 带有被动意义和完成一一;而能作上述用 法的-ing分词有的来自及物动词,有的来自 不及物动词,通常带有主动意义和未完成 意义。试比较: • Frozen food a freezing wind • A bored traveller a boring journey • A lost cause a losing battle
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