Black American literature
黑人哈莱姆文艺复兴
Visual artists
Novels
Jessie Redmon Fauset — There is Confusion (1924), Plum Bun (1928), The Chinaberry Tree (1931), Comedy, American Style (1933) Rudolph Fisher — The Walls of Jericho (1928), The Conjure Man Dies (1932) Langston Hughes — Not Without Laughter (1930) Zora Neale Hurston — Jonah's Gourd Vine (1934), Their Eyes Were Watching God (1937) Nella Larsen — Quicksand (1928), Passing (1929) Claude McKay — Home to Harlem (1927), Banjo (1929), Gingertown (1931), Banana Bottom (1933) George Schuyler — Black No More (1930), Slaves Today (1931) Wallace Thurman — The Blacker the Berry (1929), Infants of the Spring (1932), Interne (1932) Jean Toomer — Cane (1923) Carl Van Vechten — Nigger Heaven (1926) Eric Walrond — Tropic Death (1926) Walter White — The Fire in the Flint (1924), Flight (1926)
AmericanLiterature教材教学稿件
文学批评与理论
01
及其在美国文学批评中的应用
。
读者反应批评
探讨读者反应批评理论，及其 对文学批评的影响。
后殖民主义批评
分析后殖民主义批评理论如何 审视美国文学中的种族、文化
与帝国主义。
女性主义批评
探讨女性主义批评理论如何关 注女性在文学作品中的形象与
02 American Literature简 介
早期美国文学
早期美国文学
主要反映殖民地时期和独 立战争时期的美国社会和 文化背景。
代表作家
华盛顿·欧文、纳撒尼尔·霍 桑等。
作品特点
描绘美国自然风光、人文 景观以及殖民地居民和独 立战争英雄的故事。
19世纪美国文学
19世纪美国文学
反映工业革命和西部开拓时期的美国 社会变革。
将更加关注学生的个性化需求，针对不同学生的需求和兴 趣，提供更加定制化的教学服务，以帮助学生更好地发展 自己的学术兴趣和专长。
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代表作家
作品特点
现实主义、浪漫主义和自然主义等多 种风格并存，关注社会问题、道德和 人性的探讨。
马克·吐温、亨利·詹姆斯、斯蒂芬·克 莱恩等。
20世纪美国文学
20世纪美国文学
反映两次世界大战、民权运动和 科技发展的影响。
代表作家
厄内斯特·海明威、约翰·斯坦贝克 、理查德·耶茨等。
作品特点
多元化和创新性，涵盖现实主义、 魔幻现实主义、垮掉的一代等多种 流派，关注个体和社会的关系。
05 课程评估与反馈
课堂表现与作业评价
课堂参与度
教师需观察学生在课堂上的表现， 包括提问、讨论、回答问题等， 以评估学生对课程内容的理解和
美国文学主要作家作品表american literature
Moby Dick/The White Whale莫比·迪克/白鲸；Typee泰比;Omoo奥穆;Mardi玛地;Redburn雷得本;White Jacket白外衣;Pierre皮尔埃;Piazza广场故事;Billy Budd比利·巴德
Walt Whitman 1819-1892
The Bostonians波士顿人；The Real Thing and Other Tales真货色及其他故事；The Wings of the Dove鸽翼；The Ambassadors大使；
The Golden Bowl金碗评论集：
French Poets and Novelists法国诗人和小说家;
Through the Eye of the Needle透过针眼----乌托邦小说;
Criticism and Fiction;Novel-Writing and Novel-Reading小说创作与小说阅读
Henry James 1843-1916
小说：Daisy Miller苔瑟·米乐；The Portrait of a Lady贵妇人画像；
HenryWadsworthLongfellow 1807-1882
The Song of Hiawatha;Voices of the Night夜吟;Ballads and Other Poens;Belfry of Bruges and Other Poems;Tales of a Wayside Inn：An April Day /A Psalm of Life /Paul Revere’s Ride;Evangeline;The Courtship of Miles Standish；Poems on Slavery
黑人形象变迁-正文
Images of African Americans in change——Study of Three American novelsChapter ⅠIntroductionImages of African Americans is one of the constant theme of Black American literature, numerous novelists are dedicated to it, for example,Harriet Beecher Stowe (Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly),Richard Wright( Native Son),Ralph Ellison(Invisible Man),James Baldwin(Go Tell It on the Mountain),Alice walker(The color purple),and the Noble Prize winner Toni Morrison(The Bluest Eye, Sula, Song of Solomon and Beloved). All these great novelists and their great works profoundly helped the blacks to act for themselves, to automatically recognize for their world, their own history, their own reality, and most importantly, to fulfill their own destiny to make the whole world know they are equal and beautiful.From time to time, images of African Americans in literary works appear to be invariably different, especially in the eyes of Anglo-Saxons and African Americans. This kind of difference shows in the works of early anti-slavery novels and later novels written by black writers. For instance, images of African Americans in the anti-slavery novel Uncle Tom's Cabin,by Harriet Beecher Stowe, which is called the novel "helped lay the groundwork for the Civil War", according to Will Kaufman is so different with Toni Morrison’s novels.In this essay, I plan to study the images of African Americans in change in three literary works. They are Uncle Tom's Cabin,Invisible Man, and Song of Solomon.Previous studies on those three books are solely concentrating on some aspects. For example, Uncle Tom was illustrate as some representative of God. But in my point of view, he is more like a XXXX than Gog.Uncle Tom's Cabin; or, Life Among the Lowly is an anti-slavery novel by American author Harriet Beecher Stowe.Stowe, a Connecticut-born teacher at the Hartford Female Academy and an active abolitionist, featured the character of Uncle Tom, a long-suffering black slave around whom the stories of other characters revolve. The sentimental novel depicts the reality of slavery while also asserting that Christian love can overcome something as destructive as enslavement of fellow human beings.Uncle Tom's Cabin was the best-selling novel of the 19th century and the second best-selling book of that century, following the Bible. It is credited with helping fuel the abolitionist cause in the 1850s.In 1855, three years after it was published, it was called "the most popular novel of our day." The impact attributed to the book is great, reinforced by a story that when Abraham Lincoln met Stowe at the start of the Civil War, Lincoln declared, "So this is the little lady who started this Great War."The book and the plays it inspired helped popularize a number of stereotypes about black people. These include the affectionate, dark-skinned "mammy"; the "pick ninny" stereotype of black children; and the "Uncle Tom", or dutiful, long-suffering servant faithful to his white master or mistress. In recent years, the negative associations with Uncle Tom's Cabin have, to an extent, overshadowed the historical impact of the book as a "vital antislavery tool."Invisible Man is a 1952 novel written by Ralph Ellison. It addresses many of the social and intellectual issues facing African-Americans early in the twentieth century, including black nationalism, the relationship between black identity and Marxism, and the reformist racial policies of Booker T. Washington, as well as issues of individuality and personal identity. Invisible Man won the U.S. National Book A ward for Fiction in 1953.In 1998, the Modern Library ranked Invisible Man nineteenth on its list of the 100 best English-language novels of the 20th century.Time magazine included the novel in its TIME 100 Best English-language Novels from 1923 to 2005.Song of Solomon is a 1977 novel by American author Toni Morrison. It follows the life of Macon "Milkman" Dead III, an African-American male living in Michigan, from birth to adulthood. This book won the National Books Critics A ward, was chosen for Oprah Winfrey's popular book club, and was cited by the Swedish Academy in awarding Morrison the 1993 Nobel Prize in literature.The novel has faced several challenges and bans in schools throughout the U.S. since 1993. As recently as 2010, the novel was challenged and later reinstated at Franklin Central High School in Indianapolis, IN.Although all those novels cannot contain all the categories of African American images, but at least can show the gradual change of the images of African Americans.Chapter ⅡHarriet Beecher Stowe and Uncle Tom's Cabin2.1 How Blacks should behave---according to the whiteHarriet Beecher Stowe's best known novel, Uncle Tom's Cabin (1852), changed forever how Americans viewed slavery, the system that treated people as property. It demanded that the United States deliver on the promise of freedom and equality, galvanized the abolition movement and contributed to the outbreak of the Civil War. The book calls on us to confront the legacy of race relations in the U.S. as the title itself became a racial slur.Uncle Tom's Cabin opens on the Shelby plantation in Kentucky as two enslaved people, Tom and 4-year old Harry, are sold to pay Shelby family debts. Developing two plot lines, the story focuses on Tom, a strong, religious man living with his wife and 3 young children, and Eliza, Harry's mother.When the novel begins, Eliza's husband George Harris, unaware of Harry's danger, has already escaped, planning to later purchase his family's freedom. To protect her son, Eliza runs away, making a dramatic escape over the frozen Ohio River with Harry in her arms. Eventually the Harris family is reunited and journeys north to Canada.Tom protects his family by choosing not to run away so the others may stay together. Sold south, he meets Topsy, a young, black girl whose mischievous behavior hides her pain; Eva, the angelic, young, white girl whose death moved Victorians to tears; charming, elegant but passive St. Clare; and finally, cruel, violent Simon Legree. Tom's deep faith gives him an inner strength that frustrates his enemies as he moves toward his fate in Louisiana.The novel ends when both Tom and Eliza escape slavery: Eliza and her family reach Canada; but Tom's freedom comes with death. Simon Legree, Tom's third and final master, has Tom whipped to death for refusing to deny his faith or betray the hiding place of two fugitive women.2.2Jesus or Uncle TomUncle Tom is one of this kind of people, he is loyalty to his master, sincere to God, and entirely an honesty and kind-hearted slave.2.32.42.22.32.42.5Chapter ⅢRalph Ellison and Invisible Man 3.13.23.33.43.53.6Chapter ⅣToni Morrison and Song of Solomon 4.14.24.34.44.5Chapter Ⅴ Conclusion。
美国文学史 real
Brief background of American literature
Colonial Period(1607-1750)
美国文学的历史不长，它几乎是和美国自由资本主义 (non-monopoly capitalism)同时出现，较少受到封建贵族文 化(feudal aristocratic culture)的束缚。美国早期人口稀 少，有大片未开发的土地，为个人理想的实现提供了很大的可 能性。 美国人民富于民主自由精神，个人主义、个性解放的观念 较为强烈，这在文学中有突出的反映。美国又是一个多民族的 国家，移民不断涌入，各自带来了本民族的文化，这决定了美 国文学风格的多样性和庞杂性(multi-cultural)。美国文学发 展的过程就是不断吸取、融化各民族文学特点的过程。许多美 国作家来自社会下层，这使得美国文学生活气息和平民色彩都 比较浓厚，总的特点是开朗、豪放。内容庞杂与色彩鲜明是美 国文学的另一特点。
Puritanism
2. Puritan values (creeds): Hard work, thrift, piety, sobriety, simple tastes. Puritans are more practical, tougher, and to be ever ready for any misfortune and tragic failure. They are optimistic.
按照体裁分类
一、自传 二、诗歌 三、戏剧 四、小说
按流派分类
重农派 （Agrarians)（20年代） 迷惘的一代 (The Lost Generation)(20年代） 黑山派诗歌 (Black Mountain Poems)（50年 代） 垮掉的一代 (The Beat Generation)（50年代） 黑色幽默 (Black Humor) （60年代）
美国文学作家作品
美国文学部分(American Literature)一．独立革命前后的文学（The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence）1．本章考核知识点和考核要求：1)．殖民地时期的文学的特点2)．主要的作家、其概况及其代表作品2．独立革命前后时期的主要作家本杰明·富兰克林Benjamin Franklin本杰明·富兰克林，散文家、科学家、社会活动家，曾参与起草“独立宣言”。
《穷查理历书》Poor Richard’s Almanack《致富之道》The Way to Wealth《自传》The Autobiography托马斯·潘恩Thomas Paine托马斯·潘恩，散文家、政治家、报刊撰稿人。
《税务员问题》The Case of the Officers of Excise《常识》Common Sense《美国危机》American Crisis《人的权利》Rights of Man《专制体制的崩溃》Downfall of Despotism《理性时代》The Age of Reason菲利普·弗伦诺Philip Freneau菲利普·弗伦诺，著名的“革命诗人”。
《蒸蒸日上的美洲》“The Rising Glory of America”《英国囚船》“The British Prison Ship”《纪念美国勇士》同类诗中最佳“To the Memory of the Brave Americans”《野生的金银花》“The Wild Honeysuckle”《印第安人殡葬地》“The Indian Burying Ground”二．美国浪漫主义文学（American Romanticism）1．本章考核知识点和考核要求：1)．美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景2)．主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格3)．清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家华盛顿·欧文Washington Irving华盛顿·欧文，美国著名小说家，被称为“美国文学之父”.《瑞普·凡·温可尔》Rip Van Winkle《纽约外史》A History of New York《见闻札记》The Sketch Book《睡谷的传说》The Legend of Sleepy Hollow詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀James Fenimore Cooper詹姆斯·费尼莫尔·库珀开创了以《皮裹腿故事集》为代表的边疆传奇小说，其中最为重要的一部是《最后的莫西干人》。
黑人文学American_Black_Literature-文档资料
1
Features
A special history Emancipation after the Civil War The Black is presented in a distorted
manner Gone with the Wind Take the biblical terms as a better medium A long process of evolution
7
The Division
The Vernacular/Oral Tradition The Literature of Slavery and
Freedom Literature of the Reconstruction to
the New Negro Renaissance Harlem Renaissance Realism, Naturalism, and
Modernism The Black Arts Movement Literature since 1970
8
Oral Tradition
songs and ballads and Work Songs spirituals (黑人圣歌) : sorrow of the singers＊
Africans, who were
transported across the
Atlantic as slaves; the slaves
were then sold or traded for
raw materials, which would
be transported back to
Europe to complete the
黑人文学
• Paul Laurence Dunbar, 保尔· 劳伦斯· 邓巴 who often wrote in the rural, black dialect of the day, was the first African American poet to gain national prominence. His first book of poetry, Oak and Ivy, was published in 1893. Much of Dunbar's work, such as When Malindy Sings (1906), which includes photographs taken by the Hampton Institute Camera Club, and Joggin' Erlong (1906) provide revealing glimpses into the lives of rural African-Americans of the day.
• The Harlem Renaissance marked a turning point for African American literature. Prior to this time, books by African Americans were primarily read by other Black people. With the renaissance, though, African American literature—as well as black fine art and performance art—began to be absorbed into mainstream American culture.
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Taken as a whole, Afro-American literature is a document of not only the black race and its struggle for emancipation and freedom, but also the struggle of the Afro-American writers to acquire visibility. Through the effort of numerous black writers, Afro-American literature has achieve overwhelming progress in the past centuries. it has been rising steadily and has become an indispensable part of the mainstream literature of unite states.
It is generally accepted that afro-American literature—also referred to as Black American literature---began in the mid eighteen century .Before that ,there were songs ,ballads ,spiritual , all in the form of oral tradition , with anonymous authorship , they were transmitted from generation by word of mouth .
Mountain ,Notes of a Native Son, Malcolm X
The 1960s also gave rise to the Women’s Liberation
Movement. As a group ,women were no longer willing to accept the traditional roles of woman ; they were selfconscious , determined pathfinders in a society which was often hostile or indifferent to them. Toni Morrison is the first Afro-American writer to win the Nobel Prize for literature, her magnum opus is Beloved(《宠儿》）
Dream
Langston Hughes
Байду номын сангаас
Hold fast to dream For if dreams die Life is a broken-winged bird That can’t fly Hold fast to dreams for when dreams go Life is a barren field Frozen with snow
Two important novels ,Native Son by Richard Wright Invisible
Man by Ralph Ellison.
The pioneering black writers such as Langston Hughes,
Richard Wright and Ralph Ellison. Though they took different points of view ,were followed by a flood of new black authors. Their works served to educate whites about the condition which black were struggling to change ,and gave expression of different black points of view. James Baldwin’s magnum opus Go Tell It On The
Richard Wright (理查德·赖特)and Ralph Ellison(拉尔夫·艾里森)were also two authors captured the wide attention of white readers by truthfully, openly and shockingly describing the life of black people ,as they knew it to be from their own experience. Wright wrote a brutal naturalistic novel which force public attention onto black people. Ellison , much influenced by Wright, wrote novel which call for the reform of the whole “dehumanized” society ,not only for black but also for all people.
In order to attract attention of the world onto the problem of black people they begin a long process of evolution. The Harlem Renaissance (1920s~1930s) the radical period (mid-1950s~1960) feminist writers (1960s~1980s).
Langston Hughes , the most
distinguished of the Harlem writer. he was known as Black America’s Poet Laureate, who ultimately outgrew the movement , and developed into one of the major Black authors who helped establish black culture.