翻译开题报告
开题报告范文英语翻译
开题报告范文英语翻译In recent years, there has been a growing concern about the impact of climate change on the environment. As global temperatures rise, the frequency and intensity of extreme weather events such as hurricanes, droughts, and heatwaves have increased. These changes pose a significant threat to the world’s ecosystems, biodiversity, and human livelihoods.One of the major consequences of climate change is the disruption of ecosystems. Rising temperatures and changing rainfall patterns have caused shifts in plant and animal habitats, leading to the decline in certain species and the proliferation of others. For example, rising sea levels have resulted in the loss of coastal habitats and the destruction of coral reefs, which are vital breeding grounds for many marine species. This loss of biodiversity not only impacts ecosystems, but also affects human societies that depend on these ecosystems for food and resources.Another alarming consequence of climate change is the increased occurrence of extreme weather events. Hurricanes, floods, and droughts have become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world. These events not only cause immediate destruction and loss of lives, but also have long-term social and economic impacts. For instance, the destruction of infrastructure and agricultural lands due to floods can lead to food shortages and economic instability. Similarly, prolonged droughts can cause water scarcity and trigger conflicts over limited resources.Furthermore, climate change is also affecting human health. Rising temperatures and changing weather patterns create favorableconditions for the spread of infectious diseases such as malaria and dengue fever. Heatwaves and extreme temperatures also pose a risk to vulnerable populations, such as the elderly and those with pre-existing health conditions. Moreover, the displacement of communities due to climate-related events can lead to food insecurity, malnutrition, and mental health issues.In conclusion, climate change has far-reaching and detrimental effects on the environment and human societies. The disruption of ecosystems, the increase in extreme weather events, and the impact on human health are just a few examples of the consequences we are already witnessing. Urgent action is needed to mitigate and adapt to climate change, including reducing greenhouse gas emissions, transitioning to renewable energy sources, and implementing measures to protect vulnerable communities. Only through concerted global efforts can we hope to minimize the impacts of climate change and ensure a sustainable and resilient future for all.。
英语翻译方向的开题报告
英语翻译方向的开题报告英语翻译方向的开题报告一、选题背景及意义英语翻译作为一门重要的语言学科，对于促进不同国家和文化之间的交流与合作起着至关重要的作用。
随着全球化进程的加快，英语翻译的需求也越来越大，因此深入研究英语翻译方向的问题具有重要的理论和实践意义。
二、研究目的和研究问题本研究旨在探讨英语翻译方向的相关问题，包括翻译理论、翻译方法和翻译实践等方面。
具体研究问题如下：1. 英语翻译的理论基础是什么？2. 英语翻译的方法有哪些？各自的特点和适用场景是什么？3. 英语翻译实践中存在的问题有哪些？如何解决这些问题？通过对这些问题的研究，可以为英语翻译的发展提供理论指导和实践经验。
三、研究方法和步骤本研究将采用文献综述和实证研究相结合的方法，具体步骤如下：1. 收集相关文献，包括翻译理论、翻译方法和翻译实践方面的经典著作和最新研究成果。
2. 对文献进行综述和分析，总结英语翻译的理论基础和方法特点。
3. 结合实际案例，对英语翻译实践中存在的问题进行调研和分析。
4. 提出解决问题的建议和措施，为英语翻译实践提供参考和借鉴。
通过以上步骤，可以全面了解英语翻译方向的现状和问题，并提出有针对性的解决方案。
四、预期研究结果和创新点本研究预期将得出以下结果：1. 对英语翻译的理论基础进行梳理和总结，明确其核心概念和基本原则。
2. 对英语翻译的方法进行分类和评价，分析各自的特点和适用场景。
3. 对英语翻译实践中存在的问题进行深入分析，提出解决问题的建议和措施。
本研究的创新点在于对英语翻译方向的综合研究，将理论和实践相结合，旨在为英语翻译的发展提供理论指导和实践经验。
五、研究的局限性和可行性分析本研究的局限性主要体现在以下几个方面：1. 数据的获取和分析可能存在一定的困难，需要耗费一定的时间和精力。
2. 由于研究时间和资源的限制，无法对所有英语翻译方向的问题进行全面研究，可能只能选择一些典型问题进行深入分析。
然而，本研究的可行性较高，主要原因如下：1. 文献综述是一种常见的研究方法，相关文献资源丰富，易于获取和分析。
翻译报告开题报告
翻译报告开题报告在如今全球化的背景下，翻译成为了一个重要的职业。
因为人们需要在不同的语言之间进行沟通和交流，而翻译作为一种能够将不同语言的信息转化为可理解的形式的技能，成为了很多领域不可或缺的一部分。
因此，在大学中开设翻译报告这一课程是很有必要的。
本文将讨论翻译报告的开题报告。
一、翻译报告的目的和背景翻译报告这一课程是为了帮助学生提高翻译技巧、拓展视野、增强意识、提高综合素质而设立的。
在当今社会，翻译的意义和作用越来越受到人们的关注和重视。
随着全球化的发展，多语言交流已成为世界各地不可避免的现象。
各国之间的文化和经济交流更是要求翻译人员具备优秀的翻译技巧以及高度的文化素养。
因此，翻译报告这一课程的教学意义和实际应用价值都非常重要。
二、翻译报告的教学内容和方法翻译报告课程的教学内容主要包括翻译原理、翻译方法、翻译流程、翻译技巧以及翻译实践等内容。
其中，翻译原理是翻译报告课程的第一个环节，它是翻译成功的关键。
学生必须掌握翻译的基本原理和方法，包括语言、文化、历史背景等等，才能够做好翻译。
其次是翻译方法。
在翻译过程中，学生需要掌握不同翻译方法的优缺点，从而选取最适合的方法进行翻译。
翻译流程是翻译过程中的一个重要环节，它包括翻译前准备、翻译过程和翻译后的审校工作。
在翻译前准备中，学生需要了解原文的内容和背景，从而明确翻译目的和需求。
在翻译过程中，学生需要根据原文的特点和翻译要求，灵活运用多种技巧和方法进行翻译。
在翻译后的审校中，学生需要通过对翻译结果的检查和修正，确保翻译结果的准确性和流畅性。
翻译报告的教学方法包括课堂讲授、实践教学和翻译案例分析等方法。
课堂讲授是翻译报告教学中的基本方法，通过讲解理论知识和实际案例，帮助学生掌握翻译的基本原理和技巧。
实践教学是翻译报告教学的重点，通过实际翻译任务的完成，帮助学生培养翻译技能和应对实际翻译任务的能力。
翻译案例分析是翻译报告教学的重要环节，通过对翻译案例的分析和讨论，帮助学生加深对翻译原理和方法的理解，提高翻译技能和水平。
翻译报告开题报告
翻译报告开题报告翻译报告开题报告翻译报告开题报告是指在进行翻译工作之前，为准确、高效地完成翻译任务而制定的一份报告。
这份报告通常包括翻译目的、翻译对象、翻译方法、翻译难点等内容，有助于翻译者在整个翻译过程中更好地把控翻译方向和翻译质量。
下面将结合三个实际案例，简单介绍如何撰写翻译报告开题报告。
案例一：“康奈尔大学申请书”1.翻译目的：将申请书翻译成汉语，使中国申请者可以更好地了解康奈尔大学的录取要求和申请流程。
2.翻译对象：康奈尔大学官网发布的申请书。
3.翻译方法：采用直译和意译相结合的方法，尽可能地保持原文表述方式的同时，会根据中文表达习惯进行适当调整。
4.翻译难点：由于汉语和英语的表达方式存在较大差异，需要注意避免出现内容翻译不准确、语言不通顺等情况。
案例二：“国际采购合同”1.翻译目的：将国际采购合同翻译成中文，方便中国企业与外国企业签订采购合同。
2.翻译对象：作为国际商业文件，该合同涉及多个领域，包含多种词汇、术语和约定惯例。
3.翻译方法：首先，对合同中的专业术语和约定习惯进行了仔细研究和分析，以确保对其翻译的准确性。
其次，尽量按照中文表达习惯重新编辑合同内容，使其具有良好的可读性和易理解性。
4.翻译难点：合同中的专业术语和法律用语需要遵循中外商务惯例，并要避免出现误解、歧义等情况，同时也要保证合同内容和合法性和合理性。
案例三：“化学实验室安全手册”1.翻译目的：将化学实验室安全手册翻译成汉语，帮助中国化学实验室使用者全面了解实验室安全规范。
2.翻译对象：该手册主要包括安全规则、安全操作方法、急救方法等内容，需要尤为准确和易理解。
3.翻译方法：基于中文读者的习惯，适当调整句子结构，避免出现中文不通顺的情况。
当遇到无法直译的化学术语、仪器设备等内容时，考虑采用意译方式描述并提供相应参考说明。
4.翻译难点：需要认真理解和解释英文文本中的全部信息，以确保翻译的准确和完整。
同时，也要考虑到读者在理解中文内容时可能存在的理解误差或偏差，保证翻译可以被整个读者群体所接受。
翻译实践报告开题报告
翻译实践报告开题报告导语：翻译是一门复杂而又精密的艺术和技巧，在全球化的今天，翻译的重要性愈发凸显。
本篇文章将从翻译实践的角度出发，讨论相关问题并探索解决方法，旨在提升翻译质量，满足不同语言和文化间的沟通需求。
1. 翻译实践的背景和意义随着全球化进程的加快，不同国家和地区的交流与合作越发频繁。
翻译作为一种跨越语言和文化的桥梁，扮演着不可替代的角色。
翻译实践的背景是多样的，涉及科技、商务、文化、法律等各个领域。
通过翻译实践，人们可以打破语言障碍，促进文化交流，推动经济发展。
2. 翻译实践中的困境和挑战翻译实践中存在许多困境和挑战。
首先，不同语言之间的差异使翻译过程复杂化。
语言之间的文化背景、语法结构和表达方式差异巨大，词汇的选择和语境的处理都需要翻译者具备丰富的知识和经验。
其次，专业性词汇和行业术语的翻译常常是一个难点，需要翻译者不断学习和跟进相关领域的发展。
此外，时间压力和文化误解也是翻译实践中常见的问题。
3. 提高翻译质量的关键要素为了提高翻译质量，翻译者需要具备良好的语言功底和专业知识。
同时，对于特定领域的翻译任务，掌握相应的术语和背景知识也是必不可少的。
此外，熟悉翻译工具和技术，如CAT（计算机辅助翻译）工具、术语数据库等，能够提高翻译效率和准确度。
最重要的是，翻译者需要注重语境的处理和文化的敏感性，确保译文准确传达原文意思的同时，尊重目标文化。
4. 翻译实践中的经验和技巧在长期的翻译实践中，翻译者积累了许多经验和技巧。
首先，深入了解原文和目标文化，掌握其背景和特点，有助于准确翻译并避免文化误解。
其次，在翻译过程中，灵活运用关联性思维和概括能力，可以更好地表达原文的内涵，使译文更贴近原意。
此外，积极参与翻译社群和交流活动，与其他翻译者分享经验和交流技巧，也是提高翻译水平的有效途径。
5. 翻译实践的未来展望随着人工智能的发展和互联网的普及，翻译的方式也在发生变化。
机器翻译的出现引发了许多讨论和争议，对于翻译者而言，如何与机器翻译相互配合是一个新的挑战。
翻译报告开题报告
翻译报告开题报告【翻译报告开题报告】一、研究背景及意义随着全球化进程的加速推进，国际交流与合作日益频繁。
翻译作为文化交流的重要纽带，扮演着桥梁的角色，为各个领域的交流提供了重要保障。
然而，翻译过程中常常面临诸多挑战，如文化差异、语言表达的难点以及专业术语等问题，这也使得翻译质量难以保证，进一步制约了交流与合作的深入发展。
为了提高翻译质量与效率，我们需要寻找更加科学、准确的翻译方法和策略。
因此，本研究旨在探索在不同语言背景下进行翻译的基本原则和技巧，进一步提高翻译的准确性和流畅度，促进跨文化交流与合作的顺利进行。
二、研究目标和内容本研究的目标是在实践中探索并总结有效的翻译方法，提高翻译质量和效率。
具体研究内容包括：1. 翻译基本原则：在不同语言背景下，探索翻译过程中的基本原则，如忠实原则、通顺原则、信达原则等，以确保翻译质量。
2. 文化因素对翻译的影响：研究文化差异对翻译的影响，分析文化背景对翻译者和读者之间的交流产生的影响，并寻找有效的解决策略。
3. 语言表达的难点研究：针对不同语言的特点，分析常见的语言表达难点，如习惯用法、词汇难点、语法结构等，并提供相应的处理方法。
4. 专业术语的翻译：研究在专业领域中常见的术语翻译问题，如科技、医学、法律等，探索有效的翻译策略与技巧。
5. 翻译效率与工具的应用：分析提高翻译效率的方法，探讨翻译工具（如CAT工具）的正确应用，从而提高翻译的效率和质量。
三、研究方法和步骤本研究将采用文献研究、案例分析和对比研究等方法，并结合实践经验，进行定性和定量分析。
具体步骤包括：1. 收集相关文献：广泛查阅相关研究文献和教材，对翻译理论与实践进行总结与梳理。
2. 案例分析：选择具有代表性的翻译案例进行深入分析，从中总结有效的翻译方法与技巧。
3. 对比研究：比较不同语言背景下的翻译实践，找出差异和共同点，并分析原因。
4. 数据分析与总结：将研究所得数据进行整理和分析，总结得出相关结论。
翻译实践开题报告
翻译实践开题报告一、研究背景。
随着全球化进程的加速，翻译作为一种重要的跨文化交流方式，扮演着越来越重要的角色。
翻译实践作为翻译专业学生的一项重要实践课程，对于提高学生的翻译能力、培养跨文化交际能力具有重要意义。
然而，目前对于翻译实践课程的研究还比较薄弱，尤其是在实践教学方法和效果评价方面存在较大的研究空白。
二、研究意义。
本研究旨在通过对翻译实践课程的开展和实践教学方法的探索，提高学生的翻译能力和跨文化交际能力。
通过对翻译实践课程的效果进行评价，为提高翻译实践课程的教学质量提供理论依据和实践指导。
三、研究内容。
本研究将以某高校翻译专业学生为研究对象，通过开展翻译实践课程，探索有效的实践教学方法，包括课堂教学、实践活动设计、教学资源的利用等方面。
同时，将对学生的翻译能力和跨文化交际能力进行定量和定性的评价，分析实践教学方法对学生的影响，总结有效的教学方法和经验。
四、研究方法。
本研究将采用问卷调查、实地观察、访谈等多种研究方法，综合运用定性和定量分析的手段对研究对象进行全面深入的研究。
通过问卷调查，获取学生对翻译实践课程的认知和评价；通过实地观察和访谈，了解学生在实践课程中的学习情况和体会；通过成绩和作业分析，评价学生的翻译能力和跨文化交际能力。
五、预期成果。
通过本研究，预计可以总结出一套有效的翻译实践教学方法，提高学生的翻译能力和跨文化交际能力。
同时，可以为翻译实践课程的教学改革提供理论依据和实践经验，为提高翻译专业学生的综合素质和就业竞争力提供有益的借鉴。
六、研究进度安排。
本研究计划于明年秋季开学后开始实施，首先进行翻译实践课程的开展和实践教学方法的探索，然后进行学生的翻译能力和跨文化交际能力的评价，最后总结研究成果并撰写研究报告。
七、参考文献。
1. 陈红. 翻译实践课程教学模式的探索与实践[J]. 外语教学与研究, 2018(3): 45-50.2. 王明. 翻译实践教学方法的创新与实践[J]. 翻译教育, 2017(2): 60-65.3. 张涛. 翻译实践课程教学效果评价研究[J]. 外语研究, 2019(1): 30-35.以上就是本次研究的开题报告，希望能够得到大家的支持和指导，谢谢！。
翻译专业开题报告
翻译专业开题报告翻译专业开题报告1How to Deal with Ellipsis in English-Chinese TranslationI. Purpose and SignificanceWith the development of globalization, the world’s political, economic and cultural communications are becoming increasingly frequent. Therefore, the role of translation cannot be ignored. However, the differences between English and Chinese cultures that are reflected in the two languages pose considerable difficulty.It is acknowledged that when doing translation one can not translate word for word, or sentence by sentence. Therefore, we must use some translation strategies such as amplification, ellipsis, conversion and so on. Ellipsis as one of the basic translation methods plays an essential role in English-Chinese rendition. Translators apply it in order to make their versions more coherent and understandable.According to the Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary, ellipsis means leaving out a word or words from a sentence deliberately, when the meaning can be understood without them. Ellipsis in translation does not mean cutting some content from the original articles. What could be omittedare words that are useless in translated works or else they will make the versions redundant or disobey the manner of expression in another language.Some words and phrases are useless in Chinese but necessary in English. Articles in English are the most significant phenomenon from this aspect. They are very important in English, but we can hardly see any reflection of this part in Chinese. Ellipsis is designed on the basis of faithfulness to the original text, making it more fluent, smooth, concise, thus conforming to idiomatic Chinese. The paper will explore ellipsis in English-Chinese translation from five aspects, which are ellipses of pronouns, conjunctions, articles, prepositions, modifications, so as to achieve smoother and clearer communications among China and English-speaking countries.II. Literature ReviewLong before, some people began to learn other countries’languages to understand others cultures. In China, Xuanzang was the first translator who not only translated the Sanskrit sutras into Chinese, but introduced the first Chinese writings to foreign countries, making foreigners understand China’s ancient culture. Meanwhile, he was the first to translate LaoTses works into Sanskrit. Indian scholars had a high opinion of Xuanzang, In China, there is no such great translator, and also in the human cultural history, we can only say that Xuanzang is the first great translator.(Ye Lang, 20xx) We can say that it was Xuanzang who motivated people to know the different parts of the world, their cultures and the peoples who live there. Then, some big countries such as America, China, and so on became a melting pot.(Gu Zhengkun, 20xx) People have imperceptibly spent thousands of years in knowing each other.With China’s entry into WTO and its open-up policy, cross-cultural exchanges are increasingly frequent between this country and others. A lot of foreign tourists come to visit China. While traveling, these foreigners are not satisfied with the translations of the scenic spots. Sometimes, they even feel confused. A lot of problems exist in the translation, such as misuse of words, poor expression of meaning and so on. All of these poor translations do harm to our country’s international image, and cause a lot of inconveniences for the foreign visitors. (Ma Zuyi, 20xx). I am fond of tourism and being a free tourist like the others who are good at enjoying their wonderful lives. The love of tourism makes me feel the need to improve the translation. But every time when I have a trip, manyunsuitable translations of the names of those scenic spots will embarrass me. Tourism is part of intercultural communication, so proper translation of the scenic spots become more and more important to our country.Communication plays a significant role in the globalized society. In order to know each other better, people from all over the world have tried a verity of ways. Of course, translation is one of them. All translators have done their best to make the translated works more consistent with the needs of people.(Gu Jinming, 1997) From my perspective, they really have done a great job. And I want to retrospect the cause of their development. After a thorough evaluation, I choose a branch of translation—ellipsis in translation from English to Chinese, then I did the following jobs.I put all my researches and other stuffs together, and then I found that it is a common case in English and Chinese which draws much academic interest. In 1976, Halliday and Hsan classified ellipsis into nominal, verbal and clausal ellipsis. This classification exerts great influence in academic circle. Thereafter, ellipsis in Chinese and English has been studied according to this theory, which is based on different layers of structure. This kind of study underlines differentiationsand similarities of ellipsis in Chinese and English.Another famous theory to explain ellipsis is Economy Principle. Economy Principle was put forward by Chomsky (1991,1993, and 1995) in his Generate Crammer. It maintains that language and linguistic study follow Economy Principle, which means using the least effort to express the most information. This principle just coincides with ellipsis in function.In this thesis, I think that brevity is the most obvious and common function of ellipsis, especially in daily language. And in both English and Chinese, people advocate brevity. Shakespeare once remarked, “brevity is the soul of wit”, and in Chinese there are numerous idioms like “yan jian yi gai” (meaning compendious). However, apart from the function of brevity, ellipsis embodies other functions which are also pretty common in the two languages but less noticed.(Hua Xianfa,20xx)These functions distribute in both English and Chinese unevenly and represent great colorfulness of language. Exploring other functions of ellipsis and searching for functional recreation in translation will be of much benefit to both English to Chinese and Chinese to English translation.I found that when Chinese authors try to analyse ellipsisin English to Chinese translation, they always initially put articles in the list. They consider that it is a common phenomenon that Chinese always leave out personal articles. While it is obviously different in English that almost every sentence has a subject, we can see articles fluently. That is because when we translate from English to Chinese, personal articles can be omitted, even though sometimes it may appear once, it can also be omitted if necessary. Furthermore, if the objects can be seen obviously, personal articles should also be omitted. However, it never happens in English. From this point, it is not only allowable but also necessary when we translate personal articles which are objects in sentences into Chinese.In my point of view, the development of society has in some way has deliberately promoted the way of people’s thinking, translation system has become more and more perfect, people from all over the world have enjoyed the convenience. However, we can not neglect that there are still some problems in this field in China, and we have less influential Chinese translators in the world. Therefore, we still have a long way to go in translation.III. Feasibility AnalysisThis academic paper is a feasible project and the reasons are as follows:1.I have great interests in the way of English-Chinese translation.2.I have already studied translation methods and have been familiar with the functions and applications of ellipsis .3.I have collected enough references both Chinese and Western on ellipsis intranslation and do a scrupulous study of the relationship between them.4.I have a carefully planned schedule and have worked outa detailed outline of this thesis.5.I have acquainted myself with the correct format, a clear and complete structure required by the academic paper, and my adequate English competence will enable me to write in fluent and precise English.6.My instructor is a qualified translator who is familiar with the subject I havechosen.IV. Problems of the research and solutions1. ProblemsDespite the references I have collected and read, a thorough study of ellipsis in English-Chinese translation fromthe point of freely using still needs far more. What’s more, owing to the limited ways of getting references in Xinjiang, I will have to make full use of my present resources. Also, this is the first time I have ever written such a serious academic paper. I am therefore a learner and lack the needed training and experience.2. Solutions(1) I shall make full use of my already acquired references which come from books, magazines and the Internet as well.(2) I shall value my own original thoughts and mainly rely on detailed analysis that I have read from the books which have closely idea with my purpose.(3) When I have difficulties in the writing process, I shall consult my instructor and seek for help.V. Necessary conditions1. Our university and school of foreign languages have provided the basic study and research conditions and facilities, including books and journals in the library and reading rooms.2. The Internet is another source of information and on the campus we have easy access to the Internet.3. I have been assigned an instructor to guide me through the whole process of planning and writing.VI. OutlineI. IntroductionA. A Brief Introduction of Ellipsis in TranslationB. What Should We Pay Attention to When Dealing with EllipsisC. The Reason Why Ellipsis Is So Widely Used in Translation1. Chinese Expressions Are Much Briefer Than That of English2. English Grammar Is Wee-Knit and Complete in Sentence StructureII. The Principles of EllipsisA. Omitted Words Must Be Useless And Unnecessary in the Translated WorksB. The Meaning of the Omitted Words Is Implied in the TestC. Omitted Words Which Are Self-EvidentШ. The Functions and Applications of EllipsisA. The Coherence of the Meaning of ExpressionB. The Coincidence of the Manner of Expression1. Ellipsis of Articlesa. Ellipsis of Definite Articlesb. Ellipsis of Indefinite Articles2. Ellipsis of Prepositions3. Ellipsis of Pronounsa. Ellipsis of Personal and Impersonal Pronounsb. Ellipsis of Indefinite Pronounsc. Ellipsis of Relative Pronouns4. Ellipsis of Conjunctionsa. Ellipsis of Coordinating Conjunctionsb. Ellipsis of Subordinate Conjunctions5. Ellipsis of Rhetorica. Ellipsis of Repeated Wordsb. Ellipsis of Synonyms翻译专业开题报告2选题的原因、基本内容：英语成语(idiom)是英语的核心与精华。
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Research Questions
What are the main difficulties the translator faced with in drama translation? How to help the translator tackle these problems by pragmatic analysis? What implications for drama translation and drama translation teaching can be given by pragmatic analysis?
Significance
The study will help readers have a better understanding of the interrelationship between drama translation and pragmatics. At the same time, the author hope that a better understanding of these pragmatic problems will enable the translator to increase the likelihood in achieving a successful communicative action as a reader as well as a reporter.
Literature Review
Pragmatics as a discipline became formally established in the 1970s, with the growth of sociolinguistics, discourse analysis, and functional grammar which can be seen as a reaction against the approach to problems of language in the influential works of Chomsky and his followers. Pragmatics was introduced to China in 1980, when one of the China's academic journals Linguistics Abroad first published prof. Hu Zhuanglin's article "Pragmatics". (Feng Zhongxin, Pragmastylistics of Dramatic Texts: The Play off the Stage,2002:18-20)
Motivation Rationale Significance Literature Review Research Questions Research Objectives Research Methodologies Theoretical Framework Outline Bibliography
Literature Review
Susan Bassnett challenged the rationality of performability and held that "to render the text performable is not the responsibility of the translator" (Bassnett and Lefevere, Constructing Cultures, 2001: 94),and argues "that the translator cannot hope to do everything alone. Ideally, the translator will collaborate with the members of the team who put a playtext into performance....." (Bassnett and Lefevere, Constructing Cultures,2001:106)
Literature Review
About Drama Translation (main arguments in china and abroard)
Zhu Shenghao once concluded his principles in translating Shakespeare's plays as follows: "While translating this book, I tried to maintain the verve of the original work to the utmos...The translation of a single word or sentence often took me weeks of deliberation." (cited by Xiong Tingting, the Amphibious Nature of Drama Translation,2006:111)
Motivation
Compared with other literary genres, drama has lamentably been studied in translation studies. Just as Susan Bassnett has stated, drama translation is "the most problematic and neglected area of translation studies research" (Susan Bassnet, Translation Studies 3rd, 2004: 119). Drama, being an unique literature genre, is read as something incomplete, rather than as a fully rounded unit, since it is only in performance that the full potential of the text is realized. So the drama translator is faced with the added criterion of performability as a prerequisiste, he is clearly being asked to do something different from the translator of another type of text.
Pragmatic Aspects of Drama Translation
By XXX A Presentation submitted to Faulty of Foreign Languages, HNU March 25, 2007
M. A. Thesis Proposal
Rationale
Pragmatics is concerned with the study of meaning as communicated by a speaker (or writer) and interpreted by a listener (or reader). (George Yule, Pragmatics,2002: 3).Pragmatics studies not only the process of the speaker to express his or her meaning by using language and surrounding context, but also the process of the hearer to decode and inference the meaning the speaker intends. Translation is the study of the translator to understand the original and reconstruct the meaning of it. It has the same object as pragmatics--understanding and expressing of the meaning.(He Ziran; Chen Xinren, Comtemporary Pragmatics, 2004:193)
Literature Reviewห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
Ying Ruocheng is a successful drama translator. He introduces his directing and acting experience into the process of drama translation. His performance-oriented drama translation strategies, which have been put into words by him in the preface to the collection of his translated plays.
Literature Review
About Pragmatics The origin of pragmatics can be traced back to 1930's. American philosopher Charles Morris used the term "pragmatics" in his book Foundations of the Theory of Signs (1938). (He Ziran; Chen Xinren, Contemporary Pragmatics, 2004:1) And it entered and especially meaningful phase in 1962 when J.L. Austin's contribution to the subjict was published under the title How to Do Things with Words(1962)(cited by Ernst-august Gutt, Pragmatic Aspects of Translation: Some Relevance-Theory Observations in the Pragmatics of Translation, edited by Leo Hickey,2001: 3)