Synthesis and electrochemical performance of La-doped Li3V2-xLax(PO4)3 cathode materials for l
含手性轴季戊四醇缩酮的合成及核磁解析
［５．５］ｕｎｄｅｃａｎｅ
ＮＭＲ．
ｗｉｔｈ Ｃｈｉｒａｌ Ａｘｉｓ ｗａｓ ｓｙｎｔｈｅｓｉｚｅｄ，ａｎｄ ｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｚｅｄ ｂｙ ＩＲ，１ Ｈ ＮＭＲ，１３ Ｃ ＮＭＲ，ａｎｄ ｅｌｅ—
１
ｍｅｎｔａｌ ａｎａｌｙｓｉｓ ｗａｓ ｍａｄｅ．Ｔｈｅ
Ｈ ｃｈｅｍｉｃａｌ ｓｈｉｆｔｓ ｏｆ ｔｉｔｌｅ ｃｏｍｐｏｕｎｄ ｗｅｒｅ ａｌｓｏ ｃｏｍｐｌｅｔｅｌｙ ａｓｓｉｇｎｅｄ ｂｙ ２Ｄ
艿Ｈ
３．１９（２Ｈ，ｓ）也有弱相关，根据耦合常数、
田５化含物Ｉ的ＨＳＱＣ谱
Ｆｉｇ．５
耦合裂分规律可知艿Ｈ ７．６０是Ｈ一１３（１３’），Ｈ一
１７（１７ ７）的信号，粕８．２５处是Ｈ一１４（１４’），Ｈ
ＨＳＱＣ ｓｐｅｃｔｒｕｍ ｏｆ
ｔｉｔｌｅ伽岫ｐ哪ｄ
一１６（１６’）的信号［１引。
２．４
ＨＭＢＣ谱分析
７．６０（２Ｈ，
ｄ，Ｊ一１０Ｈｚ），８．２５（２Ｈ，ｄ，Ｊ一１０Ｈｚ）是苯环
１．１仪器和试剂
季戊四醇、对硝基苯乙酮、对甲苯磺酸、二甲 苯、氯仿、无水乙醇均为分析纯产品。红外光谱在
ＦＴ—ＩＲ ２００
上Ｈ一１３（１３’），Ｈ一１４（１４’），Ｈ一１６（１６’）， Ｈ一１７（１７’）的特征信号，根据饱和体系中隔４ 个单键共处同一平面而构成伸展的折线为“Ｗ”型 时的两个氢发生偶合裂分ｎ０｜，判断晶３．２６（２Ｈ， ｄｄ，Ｊ一１０Ｈｚ）和４．４７（２Ｈ，ｄｄ，Ｊ一１０Ｈｚ）为 同环亚甲基上在同一平面上构成“Ｗ”的两个平伏 健Ｈｅ一１（７）和Ｈｅ ７—５（１１）。但其结构的进一 步确证及１Ｈ和１３Ｃ ＮＭＲ化学位移的归属尚需２Ｄ ＮＭＲ谱分析。
环境也不等价。这为季戊四醇双缩醛（酮）类化合 物的结构鉴定提供了充分依据，也为后期对化合物 Ｉ的单晶解析提供了基础。
聚噻吩的电化学合成与表征研究.
聚噻吩的电化学合成与表征研究目录摘要 (I)Abstract (II)引言 (1)第一章绪论 (2)1.1导电高聚物简介 (2)1.1.1导电高聚物的定义 (2)1.1.2导电高聚物的用途 (2)1.2导电高聚物聚噻吩 (3)1.2.1噻吩单体的介绍 (3)1.2.2聚噻吩 (3)1.2.3聚噻吩的合成方法 (4)1.2.4聚噻吩的优点及用途 (4)1.2.5聚噻吩的研究发展 (5)1.3离子液体 (5)1.3.1离子液体简介 (5)1.3.2离子液体的种类 (5)1.3.3离子液体的合成 (6)1.3.4离子液体的特点及应用 (6)1.4.1研究目的意义 (6)1.4.2研究内容 (7)第二章实验部分 (8)2.1仪器和药品 (8)2.2离子液体的选择 (9)2.2.1[Bmim][BF4]的结构 (9)2.2.2[Bmim][BF4]的优点 (9)2.3在离子液体中合成聚噻吩 (10)2.3.1电极的选用及制备 (10)2.3.2聚噻吩的聚合机理 (10)2.3.3操作步骤 (11)2.4聚噻吩的红外色谱检测 (12)第三章结果与讨论 (13)3.1循环伏安曲线 (13)3.2红外分析 (14)3.2.1噻吩的红外分析 (14)3.2.2聚噻吩的红外分析 (15)结论与展望 (16)致谢 (16)参考文献 (17)聚噻吩的电化学合成与表征研究摘要：导电高聚物是一种新型的材料，在导电材料、电池材料、电化学、电致发光等方面都有着广泛的应用。
聚噻吩作为导电高聚物主要的成员之一，早在1980年首次被合成出来。
聚噻吩以其良好的导电性能，卓越的光学性能，繁多的衍生物和便于操作加工等优点，在电学、光学、电化学等方面都有着巨大的发展潜能。
电化学合成法是合成聚噻吩的主要方法之一。
电化学合成法不需要加入氧化剂和催化剂，而且操作简单，是一种理想的合成方法。
而在“绿色溶剂”离子液体中进行电化学合成导电聚合物实验是一种新式、绿色环保的方法。
各种专业课程英文名称翻译
课程的英文词汇（一）雕塑艺术欣赏Appreciation of Sculptural Art调节装置Regulati on Equipme nt 动态规戈U Dyn amic Programmi ng 动态无损检测Dy namic Non-Destruction Measureme nt动态信号分析与仪器Dyn amic Sig nal An alysis & Apparatus锻压工艺Forg ing Tech no logy锻压机械液压传动Hydraulic Tran smissi on in Forg ing Machi nery 锻压加热设备Forgi ng Heat ing Equipme nt锻压设备专题Lectures on Forg ing Press Equipme nts锻压系统动力学Dy namics of Forgi ng System锻造工艺Forg ing Tech no logy断裂力学Fracture Mecha nics对外贸易概论In troduction to I nter natio nal Trade多层网络方法Multi-Layer Network Tech nology多目标优化方法Multipurpose Optimal Method多项距阵Multi-Nomi nal Matrix多元统计分析Multi-Variate Statistical An alysis发电厂Power Pla nt发电厂电气部分Electric Eleme nts of Power Pla nts法律基础Fun dame ntals of Law法学概论An In troducti on to Scie nee of Law法学基础Fun dame ntals of Scie nee of Law翻译Translation翻译理论与技巧Theory & Skills of Tran slation泛函分析Fun cti onal An alysis房屋建筑学Architectural Design & Con struction非电量测量Non-Electricity Measureme nt非金属材料Non-Metal Materials非线性采样系统No n-Li near Sampli ng System非线性光学No n-Lin ear Optics非线性规划Non-Li near Programmi ng非线性振荡Non-Lin ear Ocsillatio n非线性振动No n-Lin ear Vibratio n沸腾燃烧Boili ng Combustion 分析化学An alytical Chemistry 分析化学实验An alytical Chemistry Experime nt分析力学An alytical Mecha nics风机调节Fan Regulation风机调节.使用.运转Regulatio“‘Application & Operation of Fans风机三元流动理论与设计Tri-Variate Moveme nt Theory & Design of Fa ns风能利用Wind Power Utilization腐蚀电化学实验Experime nt in Erosive Electrochemistry复变函数Complex Variables Fun cti ons复变函数与积分变换Fun cti ons of Complex Variables & In tegral Tra nsformatio n复合材料力学Compou nd Material Mecha nics傅里叶光学Fourier Optics概率论Probability Theory概率论与数理统计Probability Theory & Mathematical Statistics概率论与随机过程Probability Theory & Stochastic Process钢笔画Pen Draw ing 钢的热处理Heat-Treatme nt of Steel钢结构Steel Structure 钢筋混凝土Rein forced Con crete 钢筋混凝土及砖石结构Rei nforced Con crete & Brick Structure钢砼结构Rei nforced Con crete Structure 高层建筑基础设计Desig ning bases of High Rising Buildi ngs高层建筑结构设计Desig ning Structures of High Risi ng Buildi ngs高等材料力学Adva need Material Mecha nics高等代数Adva need Algebra 高等教育管理Higher Education Ma nageme nt高等教育史History of Higher Educatio n高等教育学Higher Educati on高等数学Adva need Mathematics 高电压技术High-Voltage Tech no logy高电压测试技术High-Voltage Test Tech nology高分子材料High Polymer Material高分子材料及加工High Polymer Material & Porcess ing高分子化学High Polymer Chemistry高分子化学实验High Polymer Chemistry Experime nt高分子物理High Polymer Physics高分子物理实验High Polymer Physics Experime nt高级英语听说Adva need En glish Liste ning & Speak ing高能密束焊High En ergy-De nse Beam Weldi ng高频电路High-Fre nque ncy Circuit 高频电子技术High-Fre nque ncy Electr onic Tech no logy高频电子线路High-Fre nque ncy Electro nic Circuit高压测量技术High-Voltage Measureme nt Tech no logy高压测试技术High-Voltage Testi ng Tech no logy高压电场的数值计算Numerical Calculatio n in High-Voltage Electr onic Field高压电器High-Voltage Electrical Applia nces 高压绝缘High-Voltage In sulati on 高压实验High-Voltage Experime ntati on 高压试验技术High-Voltage Experime ntati on Tech no logy工程材料的力学性能测试Mecha nic Test ing of Engin eeri ng Materials工程材料及热处理Engin eeri ng Material and Heat Treatme nt工程材料学Engin eer ing Materials工程测量Engin eeri ng Survey ing 工程测试技术Engin eeri ng Test ing Tech ni que工程测试实验Experime nt on Engin eer ing Test ing工程测试信息In formatio n of Engin eeri ng Testi ng工程动力学Engin eer ing Dyn amics 工程概论Introduction to Engineering 工程概预算Project Budget 工程经济学Engin eeri ng Econo mics 工程静力学Engin eer ing Statics 工程力学Engin eeri ng Mecha nics 工程热力学Engin eeri ng Thermod yn amics 工程项目评估Engin eeri ng Project Evaluati on工程优化方法Engin eeri ng Optimizati onal Method工程运动学Engin eeri ng Kin ematics 工程造价管理Engin eeri ng Cost Man ageme nt工程制图Graphi ng of Engin eeri ng 工业分析In dustrial An alysis 工业锅炉In dustrial Boiler 工业会计学In dustrial Accou nti ng 工业机器人In dustrial Robot 工业技术基础Basic In dustrial Tech nology工业建筑设计原理Pr in ciples of I ndustrial Buildi ng Desig n工业经济理论In dustrial Econo mic Theory工业经济学In dustrial Econo mics工业企业财务管理In dustrial En terprise Fi nan cial Man ageme nt工业企业财务会计Accou nti ng in In dustrial En terprises工业企业管理In dustrial En terprise Man ageme nt工业企业经营管理In dustrial En terprise Admin strative Man ageme nt工业社会学In dustrial Sociology 工业心理学In dustrial Psychology 工业窑炉In dustrial Stoves 工艺过程自动化Tech nics Process Automati on公差Common Difference 公差技术测量Tech ni cal Measureme nt with Com mon Differe nee公差与配合Common Difference & Cooperati on 公共关系学Public Relatio ns 公文写作Docume nt Writ ing 古代汉语An cie nt Chi nese古典文学作品选读Selected Readi ngs in Classical Literature固体激光Solid State Laser 固体激光器件Solid Laser Eleme nts固体激光与电源Solid State Laser & Power Un it固体物理Solid State Physics 管理概论In troducti on to Man ageme nt 管理经济学Man ageme nt Econo mics 管理数学Ma nageme nt Mathematics 管理系统模拟Man ageme nt System Simulation管理心理学Man ageme nt Psychology管理信息系统Man ageme nt In formati on Systems光波导理论Light Wave Guide Theory光电技术Photoelectric Tech no logy 光电信号处理Photoelectric Sig nal Process ing光电信号与系统分析Photoelectric Sig nal & Systematic An alysis光辐射探测技术Ray Radiatio n Detection Tech nology光谱Spectrum 光谱分析Spectral An alysis 光谱学Spectroscopy 光纤传感Fibre Optical Sen sors 光纤传感器Fibre Optical Sen sors 光纤传感器基础Fu ndame ntals of Fibre Optical Se nsors光纤传感器及应用Fibre Optical Se nsors & Applicati ons光纤光学课程设计Course Design of Fibre Optical光纤技术实验Experime nts in Fibre Optical Tech no logy光纤通信基础Basis of Fibre Optical Commu ni catio n光学Optics 光学测量Optical Measureme nt 光学分析法O ptical An alysis Method光学计量仪器设计Optical In strume nt Gauge Desig ning光学检测Optical Detection 光学设计Optical Desig n 光学信息导论In troducti on of Optical In fomatio n光学仪器设计Optical In strume nt Desig ning光学仪器与计量仪器设计Optical In strume nt & Gauge In strume nt Desig ning光学仪器装配与校正Optical In strume nt In stallation & Adjustme nt广播编辑学Broadcast Editi ng广播新闻Broadcast Jour nalism广播新闻采写Broadcast Jour nalism Collectio n & Compositi on广告学Advertiseme nt 锅炉燃烧理论Theory of Boiler Combusti on锅炉热交换传热强化Boiler Heat Excha nge,C on dction & Inten sification锅炉原理Pri nciples of Boiler 国际金融Intern ati onal Finance 国际经济法In ter nati onal Econo mic Law国际贸易Intern ati onal Trade 国际贸易地理In ter natio nal Trade Geography国际贸易实务In ter natio nal Trade Affairs国际市场学In ter natio nal Market ing国际市场营销In ter natio nal Market ing国民经济计划Natio nal Eco nomical Pla nning国外社会学理论Overseas Theories of Sociology过程(控制)调节装置Process(Control) Adjustment Device 过程调节系统Process Adjustme nt System过程控制Process Con trol过程控制系统Process Con trol System海洋测量Ocea n Survey ing海洋工程概论In troducti on to Ocea n Engin eeri ng函数分析Fun cti onal An alysis焊接方法Weldi ng Method焊接方法及设备Weldi ng Method & Equipme nt焊接检验Weldi ng Testi ng焊接结构Weldi ng Structure焊接金相Weldi ng Fractography焊接金相分析Weldi ng Fractography An alysis焊接冶金Weldi ng Metallurgy焊接原理Fun dame ntals of Weldi ng焊接原理及工艺Fu ndame ntals of Weldi ng & Tech nology焊接自动化Automation of Weldi ng汉语Chinese汉语与写作Chi nese & Composition 汉语语法研究Research on Chin ese Grammar汉字信息处理技术Tech no logy of Chin ese In formati on Process ing毫微秒脉冲技术Millimicroseco nd Pusle Tech ni que核动力技术Nuclear Power Tech nology合唱与指挥Chorus & Co nduction合金钢Alloy Steel宏观经济学Macro-Eco no mics宏微观经济学Macro Micro Eco nomics红外CCD Infrared CCD红外电荷耦合器In frared Electric Charge Coupler红外探测器In frared Detectors红外物理In frared Physics红外物理与技术In frared Physics & Tech nology红外系统In frared System红外系统电信号处理Process ing Electric Sign als from In frared Systems厚薄膜集成电路Thick & Thin Film In tegrated Circuit弧焊电源Arc Weldi ng Power弧焊原理Arc Weldi ng Prin ciples互换性技术测量基础Basic Tech no logy of Excha ngeability Measureme nt互换性技术测量Tech no logy of Excha ngeability Measureme nt互换性与技术测量Eleme ntary Tech no logy of Excha ngeability Measureme nt互换性与技术测量实验Experime nt of Excha ngeability Measureme nt Tech no logy画法几何及机械制图Descriptive Geometry & Mecha ni cal Graph ing画法几何与阴影透视Descriptive Geometry,Shadow and Perspective化工基础Eleme ntary Chemical In dustry化工仪表与自动化Chemical Meters & Automati on化工原理Pri nciples of Chemical In dustry化学Chemistry化学反应工程Chemical Reacti on Engin eeri ng化学分离Chemical Decompositi on 化学工程基础Eleme ntary Chemical Engin eeri ng化学计量学Chemical Measureme nt 化学文献Chemical Literature 化学文献及查阅方法Chemical Literature & Co nsulti ng Method化学粘结剂Chemical Felter 环境保护理论基础Basic Theory of En vir onmental Protection 环境化学Environomen tal Chemistry 环境行为概论In troducti on to En vir onmen tal Behavior换热器Thermal Tran sducer回旧分析与试验设计Temperi ng An alysis and Experime nt Desig n回转式压缩机Rotary Compressor回转压缩机数学模型Mathematical Modeli ng of Rotary Compressors会计学Accou ntancy会计与财务分析Accou ntancy & Finan cial An alysis会计与设备分析Accou ntancy & Equipme nt An alysis会计原理及外贸会计Prin ciples of Accou ntancy & Foreig n Trade Accou ntancy会计原理与工业会计Prin ciples of Accou ntancy & In dustrial Accou ntancy活力学En ergy Theory 活塞膨胀机Pist on Expa nder 活塞式制冷压缩机Pisto n Refrigera nt Compreessor活塞式压缩机Pisto n Compressor活塞式压缩机基础设计Basic Design of Pisto n Compressor活塞压缩机结构强度Structural Inten sity of Pisto n Compressor活赛压机气流脉动Gas Pulsation of Pisto n Pressor货币银行学Curre ncy Banking 基本电路理论Basis Theory of Circuit基础写作Fun dame ntal Course of Compositi on 机床电路Machi ne Tool Circuit 机床电器Mach ine Tool Electric Applia nee 机床电气控制Electrical Con trol of Machi nery Tools机床动力学Machi ne Tool Dyn amics 机床设计Machi ne Tool desig n 机床数字控制Digital Con trol of Machi ne Tool机床液压传动Machi nery Tool Hydraulic Tran smissi on机电传动Mecha ni cal & Electrical Tran smissi on 机电传动控制Mecha ni cal & electrical Tran smissi on Control机电耦合系统Mecha ni cal & Electrical Combi natio n System机电系统计算机仿真Computer Simulation of Mecha nic/Electrical Systems机电一体化Mechanical & Electrical Integration机构学Structuri ng 机器人Robot机器人控制技术 Robot Con trol Tech nology机械产品学 Mecha nic Products机械产品造型设计Shape Design of Mecha ni cal Products 机械工程控制基础 Basic Mecha nic Engin eeri ng Con trol机械加工自动化 Automation in Mecha nical Worki ng机械可靠性 Mecha ni cal Reliability机械零件 Mecha ni cal Eleme nts 机械零件设计 Course Exercise in Mach inery Eleme ntsDesig n 机械零件设计基础 Basis of Machi nery Eleme nts Desig n机械设计 Mecha ni cal Desig ning 机械设计基础 Basis of Mecha nical Desig ning 机械设计课程设计 Course Exercise in Mecha ni cal Desig n机械设计原理 Prin ciple of Mecha ni cal Desig ning 机械式信息传输机构 Mecha ni cal Informati on Tran smissi on Device机械原理 Pr in ciple of Mecha nics 机械原理和机械零件 机械原理及机械设计 机械原理及应用 机械原理课程设计机械原理与机械零件 机械原理与机械设计 机械噪声控制 机械制造概论 机械制造工艺学 机械制造基础 机械制造基础（金属工艺学）Fundamental Course of Mechanic Manufacturing （Meta机械制造系统自动化 Automation of Mecha ni cal Man ufacture System 机械制造中计算机控制Computer Con trol in Mecha nical Man ufacture机制工艺及夹具 Mecha ni cal Tech no logy and Clamps积分变换 In tegral Tran sformatio n积分变换及数理方程In tegral Tra nsformation & Mathematical Equati ons 积分变换控制工程In tegral Tran sformatio n Control Engin eeri ng 积分变换与动力工程 In tegral Tran sforms & Dyn amic Engin eer ing激光电源 Laser Power Devices激光焊 Laser Weldi ng激光基础 Basis of Laser激光技术 Laser Tech no logy激光加工 Laser Process ing激光器件 Laser Devices激光器件与电源 Laser Devices & Power Source激光原理 Pri nciples of Laser激光原理与技术 Laser Prin ciples & Tech nology极限分析 Limit An alysisMecha nism & Mach inery Mecha ni cal Desig ningMecha ni cal Prin ciple & Mecha ni cal Applicati onsCourse Exercise of Mecha ni cal Pri nciple Mecha ni cal Prin ciple and Mecha ni cal Eleme nts Mecha ni cal Pri nciple and Mecha ni cal Desig Con trol of Mecha ni cal Noise In troducti on to Mecha ni cal Man ufacture Tech no logy of Mecha ni cal Man ufacture Fun dame ntal of Mecha ni calMan ufacture集合论与代数结构Set Theory & Algebraical Structure技术管理Tech no logical Man ageme nt 技术经济Tech no logical Economy 技术经济学Tech no logical Econo mics 技术市场学Tech no logical Marketi ng 计量经济学Measure Econo mics计算方法Computatio nal Method 计算机导论In troducti on to Computers计算机导论与实践In troduction to Computers & Practice计算机辅助设计CAD计算机辅助设计与仿真Computer Aided Design & Imitatio n计算机辅助语言教学Computer-Aided Lan guage Teachi ng计算机辅助制造Computer-Aided Ma nufacturi ng计算机概论In troducti on to Computers计算机绘图Computer Graphics计算机基础Basis of Computer Engin eer ing计算机接口技术Computer In terface Tech no logy计算机接口与通讯Computer In terface & Commu ni cati on计算机局域网Regio nal Network of Computers计算机控制Computer Co ntrol ing计算机设计自动化Automation of Computer Desig n计算机实践Computer Practice计算机数据库Computer Database 计算机算法基础Basis of Computer Algorithm计算机图形显示Computer Graphic Demon strati on计算机图形学Computer Graphics 计算机网络C omputer Networks计算机系统结构Computer Architecture计算机语言处理Computer Lan guage Process ing计算机原理Pri nciple of Computer Engin eer ing计算机在化学中的应用Application of Computer in Chemistry计算机组成原理Pr in ciples of Computer Composition计算力学Computatio nal Mecha nics 计算力学基础Basis of Computatio nal Mecha nics 计算流体Fluid Computatio n继电保护新技术New Tech no logy of Relay Protection继电保护原理Prin ciples of Relay Protection继电保护运行Relay-Protected Operation 检测技术Measureme nt Tech ni que 检测系统动力学Detection System Dyn amics检测与控制Detection & Co ntroli ng简明社会学Con cise Sociology 简明世界史Brief World History 减振设计Vibrati on Absorpti on Desig ningPurPoison 2006-03-15 14:56课程的英文词汇（三）解析几何介质波导介质测量介质光学An alytic Geometry Medium Wave Guide Medium Measureme nt Medium Optics金属X 射线学Metal X-Ray Analysis 金属材料焊接Metal Material Weldi ng金属材料学Metal Material Scie nee金属材料与热处理Metal Material & Heat Treatme nt金属腐蚀与保护Metal Erosion & Protecti on金属腐蚀原理Prin ciples of Metal Erosion金属工艺学Metal Tech nics金属焊接性基础Eleme ntary Metal Weldability金属焊接原理Prin ciples of Metal Weldi ng金属机械性能Mecha nical Property of Metal金属力学性能Metal Mecha nic Property金属切削机床Metal Cutti ng Machi ne Tool金属切削原理及刀具Prin ciples of Metal Cutti ng & Cutters金属熔焊原理Prin ciples of Metal Molte n Weldi ng金属熔焊原理及工艺Prin ciples of Metal Molte n Weldi ng & Tech ni que金属熔炼Metal Melt ing 金属塑性成形原理Pri nciples of Metal forming金属物理性能Physical Property of Metal金属学Metallography 金属学与热处理Metallography & Heat Treatme nt金属学原理Pri nciples of Metallography金相分析Metallographic An alysis 金相技术Metallographic Tech ni ques近代光学测试技术Modern Optical Testi ng Tech nology近代光学计量技术Modern Optical Measur ing Tech nology近代经济史Moder n History of Econo mics近代物理实验Lab of Modern Physics近世代数Modern Algebra 晶体管原理Pri nciples of Tran sistors晶体光学Crystallographic Optics 精密测量技术Tech no logy of Precisi on Measureme nt精密电气测量Precise Electric Measureme nt精密合金Precise Alloy 精密机械CAD CAD for Precision Machinery 精密机械课程设计Course Design forPrecision Mach in ery精密机械零件Precisi on Machi nery Eleme nts精密机械设计基础Eleme ntary Precisio n Mach inery Desig n精密机械学Precisi on Machi nery精细有机合成Mi nute Orga nic Syn thesis经济地理Econo mical Geography 经济法Law of Economy 经济法学Law of Economy 经济分析基础Basis of Econo mic An alysis经济控制论Econo mical Cyber netics经济社会学Econo mic Sociology经济新闻Econo mic News经济学说史History of Econo mics经济学原理Pri nciples of Econo mics经济预测Economic Predicting经济预测与管理奖惩Eco no mic Predict ing & Man ageme nt经济原理Pr in ciples of Economy 经济运筹学Econo mic Operati on Research经济增长理论Theory of Eco no mic Growth 经营管理Operati on Man ageme nt经营管理学Operatio n Ma nageme nt静力学Statics 纠错编码Error Correction of Codi ng决策分析An alysis of Policy Mak ing 绝缘在线检测In sulation Live Test ing军事理论Military Theory 抗干扰技术An ti-Jam ming Tech ni que科技翻译Scie ntific En glish Tran slati on 科技管理Tech no logical Man ageme nt 科技史History of Scie nee & Tech no logy 科技史及新技术知识Historry of Scie nee & Kn owledge of New Tech ndogy科技写作Scie ntific Writi ng 科技新闻Scie ntific News 科技英语Scie ntific En glish 科技英语基础Eleme ntary Scie ntific En glish科技英语阅读Read ings of Scie ntific En glish科技与社会Scie nee & Society科学方法论Scie ntific Methodology科学技术史History of Scie nee & Tech nology科学计量Scie ntific Measureme nt科学社会学概论In troduction to Scie ntific Socialism科学社会主义Scie ntific Socialism科学思维方法Methods of Sci netific Thi nki ng科学学Scientology 可计算性Calculability 可靠性Reliability 可靠性及故障诊断Reliability & Error Diag no sis可靠性技术导论In troduction to Reliability Tech nology可靠性数学Reliable Mathematics可靠性物理Reliability Physics可逆式机组Reversible Machi nery Group可逆式水力机械Reversible Hydraulic Machi nery空气调节与通风Air Regulation & Ven tilation空气动力学Aerod yn amics控制电机 Electrical Machi nes for Con trol控制工程 Con trol Engin eeri ng控制工程基础 Basis of Control Engin eeri ng控制理论 Theory of Co ntrol控制理论基础 Eleme ntary Theory of Co ntrol控制理论基础与水轮机调节 Eleme ntary Theory of Con trol & Water Turbi ne Regulat控制系统设计 Co ntrol System Desig n 控制系统数字仿真 Con trol System Digital Imitatio n口译 Oral Intepretation 口语实践 Oral Practice 快速阅读 Fast Readi ng 劳动工资管理 Ma nageme nt of Labor Wages 乐理 Music Theory 雷达原理 Pr in ciples of Radar 雷电静电及环境 Radar Static Electricity & En viro nment 冷冻干燥技术 Freeze Drying Tech ni que 冷冻技术 冷库设计 离散数学 Cen trifugal Pumps & Axial PumpsCen trifugal Compressor Imitati on Cen trifugal Compressor Inten sityPrin ciples of Cen trifugal Compressors伦理学Ethics 论文写作 Thesis Writing 论文指导 Thesis Supervisi on 螺杆压缩机 SpiralLobe Compressor 逻辑设计 Logic Desig n逻辑学 Logic Theory马克思主义原理 Pr in ciples of Marxism马列（社会学）原著选读 Selected Readings of Marx's & Lenin's Original Wor 马列哲学原著选读 Selected Readi ngs of Marx's & Le nin's Origi nal Wor马列主义原理 Prin ciples of Marxism & Lenin ism马氏规划 Marte nsitic Pla nning脉冲功率放大 Pulse Power Mag ni ficati on脉冲与数字电路 Pulse & Digital Circuit毛泽东思想哲学研究 Research on Mao Zedon g's Thi nking Philosophy理论力学 Theoretical Mecha nics 力热学 Mecha nics & Thermology 力学,热学 Mechanics & Thermology力学性能测试 Mecha nics Performa nee Testi ng 两相流动和传热Two-phase Flow & Thermal Con duction 量子力学 Quantum Mecha nics 劣质煤燃烧与利用Tin pot Coal Combustion & Use 零件设计 Eleme nt Desig n 领导科学 Leadership Scie nee流场数值计算及性能预测 Numerical Calculatio n of Flow Field流态化工程 Fluidizati on Engin eeri ng 流体力学 六朝文论 鲁迅研究 轮机概论Fluid Mecha nics Articles of Six Dyn asties Research on LU XunIn troducti on to TurbinesRefrigerati on Tech ni queRefrigerati ng House DesignDiscrete Mathematics 离心泵与轴流泵 离心式压缩机模拟离心式压缩机强度 离心式压缩机原理煤粉燃烧技术及测量技术Coal Power Combustion & Tech nology and Measureme nt美国文学作品选读Selected Readi ngs of America n Literature美术粉彩Art Powder Pai nt美术室外建筑写生Outdoors Architectural Sketch美术素描Art Sketch美学概论In troducti on to Aesthetics秘书学Secretary Scie nee 密圭寸技术Seali ng Tech nology 免疫学Immu nity敏感元件及材料Se nsors & Materials明清小说研究Research on NOVELS OF mING & Qi ng Dy nasties名篇赏析Appreciati on of Master Pieces模糊数学Fuzzy Mathematics模具计算机辅助设计Computer Aided Design of Models模拟电子技术An alog Electr onics Tech ni que模拟电子技术基础Basic An alog Electro nics模拟电子线路An alog Electrical Circuitry模拟集成电路An alog In tegrated Circuitry模式识别Matrix Recog nition 模型辨识Model Dist in guish 磨削原理Prin ciple of Grin di ng and Cutti ng 耐腐蚀非金属材料Erosio n-Resisti ng No n-metallic Materials内燃机测试技术IC En gi ne Test Tech nology内燃机调节IC En gi ne Regulation内燃机动力学IC En gi ne Dyn amics内燃机概论In troduction to IC Engine内燃机排气净化Purification of IC Exhaustive Gas内燃机设计IC En gi ne Desig n内燃机原理Pri nciples of Intern al-Combusti on Engine内燃机制造工艺学IC Man ufacturi ng Tech nology能源工程En ergy Source Engin eeri ng扭转振动Torque Vibrati on排压力波计算Computati on of Pressure Extracti on Wave配位化学Coord in ation Chemistry疲劳断裂力学Fatigue Fracture Mecha nics偏微分方程Partial Differe ntial Equation偏微分方程数值解Numerical Solution of Partial Differe ntial Equation评报Commentary Report 评论写作Comme ntary Writing 普通化学Gen eral Chemistry 普通生物学General Biology 普通物理Gen eral Physics 普通物理实验Lab of General Physics企业供销管理Man ageme nt of En terprise Supply & Sales企业管理En terprise Man ageme nt企业管理与技术经济En terprise Man ageme nt & Tech no logical Economy企业经营经济学En terprise Man ageme nt Econo mics企业社会学En terprise Sociology企业生产物流Productive Physical Distributi on of En terprise企业物流Physical Distribution of Enterprise 气阀原理Pri nciples of Air Valves气固两相流Dual-Phrase Distribution of Gas % Solid 气体放电及应用Gas Discharge &Application气体激光器Gas Laser Devices 气体制冷机Gas Refrigerator 气压传动Pn eumatic Tran smissi on 汽车驾驶技术D rivi ng Skills汽轮机调节Steam Turhi ne Adjustme nt 汽轮机调节与仿真Steam Turhi ne Adjustme nt & Simulation汽轮机热力特性Steam Turbi ne Thermal Property汽轮机原理Pr in ciples of Steam Turbi ne 汽轮机振动Steam Turbi ne Vibrati on 钎焊Soldering 强电流技术Str ong Curre nt Tech nology 青年伦理学Ethics for Youth 青年社会学Sociology for Youth 情报检索In formati on Searches 全过程设计Whole Process Desig n 燃气轮机Steam Turbi ne Engin es 燃烧理论Theory of Combustio n 燃烧学Combusti on 热处理工艺Tech no logy for Heat ing Process ing 热处理设备Equipme nt for Heat ing Process ing 热处理设备设计Desig n of Heat Treatme nt Equipme nt热处理新工艺New Tech no logy of Heat Treatme nt热处理原理Pri nciples of Heat ing Process ing 热处理原理及工艺Pri nciples & Tech no logy for Heat ing Process ing热工测量及仪表Thermal Measureme nt & Meter热工过程自动调节Thermal Process Automatic Adjustme nt热工设备 Thermal Equipme nt热力发电厂 Thermal Power Statio ns热力发动机 Thermal Motors热力机械测试技术 Thermo-Mecha nic Measureme nt Tech ni que热力机械测试技术课程设计Course Design for Thermo-Mecha nic Measureme nt Tech niq ue热力学 Thermodynamics热力学与统计物理 Thermody namics & Statistical Physics热物理测量及实验技术Measureme nts & Experime nts of Thermal Scie nee 热物理量测技术 Measureme nts of Thermal Scie nee人工智能 Artificial In tellige nce人和自然 Man & Nature人口经济方法 Eco no mical Method for Populati on人体生理 Human Physiology日本物流 Material Flow of Japa n日语阅读 Japa nese Read ing熔焊原理及工艺 Pr in ciple & Tech nique of Melt ing and Weldi ng熔炼原理 Pri nciple of Melt ing容错与诊断 Tolera nce & Diag no sis容积式压缩机数学模型 Mathematical Model of Displaceme nt Compressor 软件工程 Software Engin eeri ng软件技术基础 Basis of Software Tech ni que软件开发工具与环境 Tools & En vir onment for Software Developi ng 弱信号检测 Test ing of Feeble Sig nals色彩Color色谱 Color Spectrum摄影技巧 Tech ni ques for Photography涉外企业管理 Enterprise Administration Concerning Foreign Natio社会调查的理论与方法 Theories & Methods for Social In vestigati on 社会调查方法 Methods for Social In vestigatio n社会工作 Social Work社会统计分析与 SYSTAT 应用 Social Statistics Analysis & SYSTAT Application 社会统计学 Social Statistics社会问题研究 Research on Social Problems社会心理学 Social Psychology 社会学概论 In troduction to Sociololgy社会学简论 Brief I ntroduction to SociologyCurre nt Issues in Theories of Socilolgy Research on Problems of Sociology Research Methods of Sociology Finance of Socialism 社会主义各国政，经体制讨论 D iscussion on Political & Eco nomic Systems in Socialism审计学 Scie nce of Audit ing社会学理论专题 社会学问题研究 社会学研究方法 社会主义财政学课程的英文词汇（四）生产管理Admini strati on of Man ufacturi ng 生产过程计算机控制Computer Con trol in Man ufacturi ng Process生产过程自动化Water-Turbi ne Engine生理学Physiology 生命科学与无机化学Life Scie nee and In orga nic Chemistry生物工程产品Bio-e ngin eeri ng Products生物工程导论In troducti on to Bio-e ngin eer ing生物化学Biochemistry 生物化学工程Biochemical Engin eeri ng生物化学及实验Biochemistry Experime nt生物检测技术Measureme nt for Biotech ni que生物控制论Biocybernetics 生物流变学Biorheology 生物物理Biophysics 生物学专题Curre nts Issues in Biology 生物医学超声学Biomedical Superso nics失效分析In validati on An alysis 诗歌美学Aesthetics of Poetry 时间序列Time Seque nee 实变函数Fun cti ons of Real Variable实验分析Experime ntal An alysis 实验力学Experime ntal Mecha nics 实验力学基础B asis of Experime ntal Mecha nics实验流体Experime ntal Flow ing Object 实验应力分析An alysis of Experime ntal Stress 世界近现代经济史Modern History of World Eco nomy世界近现代史Modern History of the World世界文化史History of World Culture 世界政治经济与国际关系World Politic Ecomo ny &ln ter natio nal Relatio nship适应控制系统Adaption Co ntrol System市场学Scienee of Market 市场研究Research on Market 市场预测Market Predicting 输入输岀设计原理Pr in ciple of I nput and Output Desig ning书法Handwriting 数据结构Data Structure 数据库概论In troduction to Database 数据库基础Basis of Database 数据库技术Tech ni que of Database 数据库设计与分析Design & An alysis of Database数据库系统原理Prin ciples of Database System数据库应用Applicati on of Database数据库原理及应用Pri nciple & Applicatio n of Database数控机床Digit Con trol Machi ne Tool 数控技术Digit Co ntrol Tech ni que 数理方程Mathematical Equati ons数理方程积分变换In tegral Tran smissi on of Mathematical Equati on数理方程与特殊函数Equatio ns of Mathmatical Physics & Special Fun ctio ns数理逻辑Mathematical Logic 数理统计Mathematical statistics 数量经济Quan tity Econo mics 数学分析Mathematical An alysis 数学规划Mathematical Pla nning 数学模型Mathematical Mode ning 数学物理方法Method of Mathematical Physics数值电路Digital Circuit 数值分析Numerical An alysis 数值计算Digital Computatio n 数字测量技术Digital Measur ing Tech ni que数字测量实验技术Experime ntal Tech ni que of Digital Measuri ng数字测试实验技术Experime ntal Tech ni que of Digital Test ing数字电路Digital Circuit 数字电路及微机原理Digital Circuit & Computer Pr in ciples数字电视Digital Televisio n 数字电子基础Fun dame ntal Digital Electio nics数字电子技术Digital Electr on ic Tech ni que数字电子技术基础Fun dame ntal Digital Electro nic Tech ni que数字电子技术设计与实验Experime nt & Design of Digital Electro n Tech ni que数字电子线路Digital Electrical Circuitry数字电子与微机原理Digital Electr on ics & Prin ciple of Microcomputer数字仿真Digital Simulation 数字化测量技术Digital Measuri ng Tech ni que数字控制及微机控制技术Digital Control & Microcomputer Co ntrol Tech ni que数字逻辑Digital Logic 数字图象处理Digital Image Process ing数字系统逻辑设计Logical Design of Digital System数字系统设计Design of Digital System数字信号处理Digital Sig nal Process ing双曲线方程Hyperbolic Equati on水电能源学Scie nee of HydrOelectric En elgy水电站过渡过程的特殊问题Special Problems in the Tran sition of a Hydropower Station 水电站计算机控制C omputer Co ntrol in Hydropower Station水电站经济运行Econo mic Operati on in Hydropower Stati on水电站控制系统分析An alysis of Control System in Hydropower Stati on水电站自动化Automation of Hydropower Stati on水动力学Water Dyn amics水机工艺结构分析Tech nics Structure An alysis of Hydraulic Mach in ery水力机械测试技术Test Tech ni que of Hydraulic Machi nery水力机械的汽蚀Gas Etchi ng of Hydraulic Machi nery水力机械调节Adjustme nt of Hydraulic Machi nery水力机械强度计算Inten sity Calculatio n of Hydraulic Machi nery水力机械原理Pri nciples of Hydraulic Machi nery水力机械制造工艺及结构分析Man ufactur ing Tech ni que & Structure An alysis of Hyd raulic Mach inery水力机械制造工艺学Man ufacturi ng Tech ni que for Hydraulic Machi nery水力学Hydraulics水轮机Water-Turbine Engine水轮机调节Water-Turbi ne En gi ne Adaption水轮机调节系统Adaptive System of Water-Turbi ne Engine水轮机水力设计Hydraulic Design of Water Engine水轮机原理及水力设计Prin ciples of Water-Turbi ne En gi ne & Design of Water En gine水轮机原理与CAD Prin ciple of Water-Turbi ne Engine & CAD水轮水力设计Hydraulic Design of Water Engine水现代控制理论Modern Theory of Water Con troli ng水质稳定技术Stability Tech nique of Water Quality思想教育Virtue Educatio n 素描Pencil Sketch 速冻技术Tech ni que of Speed Freez ing 塑性力学Plastic Macha nics 算法语言Algorithmic Lan guage随机过程Stochastic Process & Time Series An alysis 随机运筹学Ran domized Operati onal Research 锁相技术Phase Lock Tech ni que 谈判技巧Negotiation Skills唐宋诗词Poetry & Prose of Tang & Song Dyn asties 陶瓷材料学Scie nee of Ceramic Material 陶瓷工艺原理Pri nciple of Pottery Tech nology特种泵Special Pump 特种加工工艺Special Worki ng Tech no logy特种压缩机Special Compressor 特种铸铁Special Cast ing Iron特种铸造Special Processes of Metal Casti ngs体育Physical Education天线原理Prin ciple of Antenna 铁磁学Ferromag netics 铁电半导体Ferro-Electric Semic on ductor 铁电材料与器件Ferro-Electric Material and Eleme nt铁电压电材料与器件Ferro-Voltage Electric Material and Eleme nt铁氧体材料Ferrite Material听说训练Practice on Liste ning & Speak ing 通风机Ventilator 通信电子线路Electro nic Circuit of Commu ni catio n通信原理Prin ciple of Commu ni cati on 通讯写作专题Curre nt Issues on Report Writ ing 同步控制原理Pr in ciple of Syn chro nic Control统计Statistics 统计计算Experime nt of Applied Physics 统计检查与质量控制Statistic Check and Quality Con trol统计物理Statistical Physics 统计信号分析An alysis of Statistical Sig nal统计学Statistics 统计学原理Prin ciple of Statistics统计学原理与工业统计Prin ciple of Statistics & In dustrial Statistics统计原理Statistics 投入产岀分析An alysis of I nput and Output投入产岀技术In put and Output Tech ni que透平机械三元流动Three-dime nsio nal Flow of Turbi ne Machi nery透平膨胀机Turbi ne Expa nsion Engine 透平式压缩机特性模拟An alog of Performa nee of Turbi ne Compressor透平压缩机强度Ten sile of Turbi ne Compressor图论Graph Theory 图论算法Algorithm on Graph Theory 图论与组合Graphi ng & Group ing图论与组合优化Graphi ng & Optimal Group ing土力学与地基Soil Mecha nics and Fou ndati ons托福测试Test of En glish as a Foreig n Lan guage 拓朴学Topology 夕卜部设备讲座Lectures on Peripherial Equipme nt夕卜部设备维修Repairme nt of Peripheral Equipme nt外国古代建筑史History of Western An cie nt Architecture夕卜国文献阅读Readi ngs of Foreig n Literature夕卜国文学史History of Foreig n Literature夕卜国文学作品选译Selected Tran slati ons of Foreig n Literary Works外国物流Foreig n Material Flow 外国物资管理Overseas Material Man ageme nt外国新闻事业史History of Overseas Jour nalism夕卜贸会计Foreig n Bus in ess Accou ntancy 夕卜贸英语Foreig n Bus in ess En glish 夕卜设概论Introduction to Peripheral Equipment 夕卜设实验Experime nt on Peripheral Equipme nt 往复泵及其它类型泵Reciprocat ing Pump & Other type Pumps微波测量技术Microwave Measureme nt Tech ni que微波电路计算机辅助设计CAD of Microwave Circuit微波技术Microwave Tech ni que 微波技术基础Basis of Microwave Tech ni que。
英文化学词汇
电沉积Electrodeposition纳米材料Nano materials电化学沉积Electrochemical deposition药物化学Pharmaceutical Chemistry气相色谱Gas chromatography高效液相色谱High Performance Liquid Chromatography 基因组学Genomics蛋白组学Proteomics代谢组学Metabonomics持久性有机污染物POPs环境催化剂Environmental Catalysts高分子合成Polymer Synthesis高分子材料Polymer Materials化学推进剂Propellants原子光谱Atomic spectrometry核酸化学Nucleic Acids Chemistry绿色化学Green Chemistry多孔材料Porous material荧光分析Fluorescence analysis磷光光谱Phosphorescence spectrum生物发光Bioluminescence聚合物分子Polymer molecular生物化学与生物化学工程Biochemistry生物机体living organism碳水化合物carbohydrate脂类lipid核酸nucleic acid生物分子biomolecule化学性质chemical property聚合物(体)polymer酶催化反应enzyme-catalyzed reactions细胞代谢cell metabolism内分泌系统endocrine system遗传密码genetic code蛋白质合成protein synthesis细胞膜运输cell membrane transport共同祖先common ancestor单体与聚合物Monomers and Polymers单体Monomer聚合物Polymer巨大分子macromolecule脱水合成dehydration synthesis单糖Monosaccharide葡萄糖glucose去氧核醣deoxyribose甘油三酸酯triglyceride脂肪酸fatty acid磷脂phospholipid氨基amino group肽键peptide bond多肽polypeptide脱氧核糖核酸deoxyribonucleic acid核糖核酸ribonucleic acid核苷酸nucleotide腺嘌呤adenine胞嘧啶cytosine鸟嘌呤(核酸的基本成分)guanine胸腺嘧啶thymine尿嘧啶uracil冷凝condensation醛醣aldose酮糖ketose杂环heterocyclic ring羟基hydroxyl group双糖类Disaccharides以醚键ether bond水解hydrolysis乳糖酶缺乏lactase deficiency还原端reducing end五环糖furanose吡喃糖pyranose低聚糖oligosaccharide多聚糖polysaccharide细胞膜质cellulose糖原质glycogen细胞壁cell wall糖原磷酸化酶glycogen phosphorylase 醣酵解glycolysis丙酮酸盐(或酯)pyruvate三磷酸腺苷ATP需氧细胞aerobic cells乙酰辅酶Aacetyl CoA还原型辅酶NADH柠檬酸[三羟酸]循环citric acid cycle糖质新生Gluconeogenesis厌氧代谢anaerobic metabolism柯氏循环Cori cycle肌动蛋白actin肌凝蛋白myosin（生）抗体Antibody酶联免疫吸附测定enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay 酶作用物substrate催化catalyze氨基酸amino acid羧酸carboxylic acid神经传递素neurotransmitter二肽dipeptide一级结构primary structure二级结构Secondary structure三级结构Tertiary structureα-螺旋型α-helix谷氨酸glutamateβ折叠β-sheet缬氨酸valine有机化学与有机化学工程Organic chemistry化合物chemical compounds碳carbon氢hydrogen卤素halogen磷phosphorus硅silicon硫黄sulfur过渡金属transition metal碳元素elemental carbon氧化物oxide富勒烯fullerene手性合成chiral synthesis不对称合成Asymmetric synthesis有机合成organic synthesis手性助剂chiral auxiliaries等方性isotropic差向（立体）异构（作用）epimerization取代反应substitution reactionChiral pool synthesis不对称诱导asymmetric induction对映(结构)体enantiomer非对映异构体diastereomer醇醛缩合反应aldol reaction掌性配位基chiral ligands脱羧decarboxylation手性有机小分子催化剂Asymmetric Organocatalysts 生物催化剂biocatalyst三苯基膦triphenylphosphine氢化(作用)hydrogenation对映体过量百分比enantiomeric excess cyclopropanation苯乙烯styrene坚硬粘土岩(页岩的一种)BINA烯烃alkene氢氰化(作用)Hydrocyanation绿色化学green chemistry环境化学environmental chemistry污染预防法案Pollution Prevention Act点击化学Click chemistry超临界状态的二氧化碳supercritical carbon dioxide 过氧化氢水溶液aqueous hydrogen peroxide solution 超临界水氧化supercritical water oxidation莽草酸shikimate酵素ferment丙二醇propylene glycol乙二醇ethylene glycol防冻剂antifreeze聚丙醇酸polylactic acid聚合polymerization交酯lactide氟氯化碳CFC硝基苯nitrobenzene苯胺aniline微波化学microwave chemistry微波辐射microwave irradiation电荷electric charge电场electric field极性溶剂Polar solvent电流electric current电阻electrical resistance反应速率reaction rate过热superheating损耗正切loss tangent能量损耗energy dissipation温度梯度temperature gradient传热heat transfer热平衡thermal equilibrium定态steady state纳米粒nanoparticles二进制binary system相转移反应phase transfer reaction三氯甲烷chloroform高分子化学Macromolecular chemistry 化学合成Chemical synthesis化学反应chemical reactions试剂reagent反应类型reaction type化学反应器chemical reactor反应产率reaction yield副反应side reaction级联反应cascade reaction多元反应multicomponent reaction全合成total synthesis半合成的semisynthetic化合反应combination reaction高分子Macromolecule生物高聚物biopolymer核苷酸nucleotide(包含15个原子以上的)大环macrocycle 赫尔曼·施陶丁格Hermann Staudinger伯齐利厄斯Berzelius异性isomerism苯benzene分子间力intermolecular forces共键价covalent bonds化学计量学stoichiometry分子质量molecular mass碱基对base pair染色体chromosome变性denature高分子物理Polymer physics波动fluctuation力学性质mechanical property(使)聚合polymerise凝聚态物理condensed matter physics 统计物理学statistical physics高分子科学polymer science热力学极限thermodynamic limit统计力学statistical mechanics布朗运动brownian motion随机游动random walk理想链ideal chain玻耳兹曼因子Boltzmann factor余辉长度persistence length回转半径radius of gyration物理化学Physical chemistry热力学thermodynamics表面张力surface tension抗拉强度tensile strength可塑性plasticity化学动力学chemical kinetics反应机理reaction mechanism过渡态transition states质量作用定律law of mass action速度常数rate constant热能thermal energy麦克斯韦-玻耳兹曼分布学Maxwell-Boltzmann distribution 温度跃变temperature jump自身催化autocatalysis反应速率公式reaction rate laws零级反应zero order reactions一级反应first order reaction正反馈positive feedback邻位促进neighbouring group participation可逆反应reversible reaction化学钟Chemical clock二级反应second order reactionBelousov-Zhabotinsky reaction自由能变化free energy change线性自由能关系linear free energy relationships停留时间residence time动态同位素效应kinetic isotope effect速控步rate-determining step活化能activation energy阿雷尼厄斯方程Arrhenius equation艾林方程式Eyring equation碰撞理论collision theory物理状态physical state离子交换(作用)ion exchange水溶液aqueous solution水反应Water reaction有机反应organic reaction乳剂emulsion有机溶剂organic solvent干介质反应dry media reaction克莱森重排Claisen rearrangement化学产率chemical yield环加成cycloaddition四环庚烷quadricyclane环己烷cyclohexane反应底物reactants烯类反应Ene reaction氢键结合hydrogen bonding吲哚indole二氯甲dichloromethane乙腈acetonitrile三苯基膦triphenylphosphine区域选择性regioselective偶极环加成dipolar cycloaddition传热heat transfer量子化学quantum chemistry量子力学quantum mechanics量子场论quantum field theory原子物理学atomic physics密度泛函理论density functional theory 动能kinetic energy势能potential energy原子轨道atomic orbitals玻尔模型Bohr model概率分布probability distribution预测能力predictive power(元素)周期表periodic table波粒二象性wave-particle duality价键Valence bond分子轨道Molecular orbital波(动)函数wave function化学动力学Chemical dynamics天体化学astrochemistry(低温)量子流体动力学quantum hydrodynamics 电化学electrochemistry电解液electrolyte电子转移electron transfer氧化还原作用redox外电路external circuit氧化态oxidation state辛烷octane丁烷butane离子电子法Ion-Electron Method半反应half reactions铋酸钠sodium bismuthate高锰酸钾Potassium permanganate亚硫酸钠Sodium sulfite完全燃烧complete combustion伏打电池Voltaic cell导电聚体conductive polymers硫酸铜copper sulfate丹聂耳电池Daniell cell盐桥salt bridge电势electrical potential电动势electromotive force标准电极电势standard electrode potential化学(当量)计算系数stoichiometric coefficient 强度性质intensive property化学能chemical energy电功electrical work自发反应spontaneous reaction电化电池electrochemical cell燃料电池fuel cell平衡常数equilibrium constant常用对数Briggsian logarithm吉布斯自由能Gibbs free energy自然对数natural logarithm反应系数reaction quotient法拉第常数(恒量)Faraday constant干电池Dry cell氯化铵ammonium chloride二氧化铅lead dioxide轻金属light metal全钒氧化还原液流电池vanadium redox battery 锌溴电池zinc bromine battery苛性钾caustic potash耐蚀铸铁Iron corrosion碳酸铜copper carbonate钝化passivation锡杯tin can非自发过程non-spontaneous process化学当量chemical equivalent无机化学与无机化学工程Inorganic chemistry 无机化合物inorganic compounds有机金属化学organometallic chemistry电离电位ionization potential电子亲合势electron affinity碳酸盐类carbonates硫酸盐类sulfates无机反应inorganic reaction双取代反应double displacement路易斯酸Lewis acidHSAB theory矿物minerals多磷酸盐polyphosphate有机金属化学organometallic chemistry团簇化学cluster chemistry生物无机化学bioinorganic chemistry酸碱化学acid-base chemistry工业无机化学Industrial inorganic chemistry 氨ammonia硫酸铝aluminium sulfate硝酸铵ammonium nitrate硫酸铵ammonium sulfate碳黑carbon black氯chlorine盐酸hydrochloric acid氢hydrogen过氧化氢hydrogen peroxide硝酸nitric acid氮nitrogen氧oxygen(正)磷酸phosphoric acid碳酸钠sodium carbonate氯酸钠sodium chlorate氢氧化钠sodium hydroxide硅酸钠sodium silicate硫酸钠sodium sulfate硫磺酸sulfuric acid二氧化钛titanium dioxide描述无机化学Descriptive inorganic chemistry 配位化合物Coordination compounds超锕transactinide对映(结构)体enantiomer理论配比stoichiometric巴基管buckytubes四氮化四硫tetrasulfur tetranitride乙硼烷diborane硅有机树脂silicone巴克敏斯特富勒烯buckminsterfullerene金属羰基化合物metal carbonyls醇盐alkoxide原子簇化合物Cluster compounds纳米技术nanotechnology量子尺寸效应quantum size effects硒化镉cadmium selenide腐植酸humic acid血色素hemoglobin甲基水银methylmercury羧肽酶carboxypeptidase结晶学crystallography凝聚态物理condensed matter physics硅片silicon chips沸石zeolite石油与天然气化学工程Fossil fuels碳氢化合物hydrocarbons石油petroleum无烟煤anthracite coalfossilized remains油气生物成因学说biogenic theory无机成因气abiogenic gas水力发电hydroelectric地热geothermal不可更新的资源non-renewable resources 可再生能renewable energy辐射力radiative forcing地质时代geological time油页岩oil shale陆生植物Terrestrial plant浮游植物phytoplankton重质原油Heavy crude oil水成岩sedimentary rock合成原油synthetic crude oil蒸汽机steam engine煤气灯gas light柴油diesel oil石油化工业petrochemical industry能源开发Energy development沥青砂tar sand沥青bitumen内燃机internal combustion engine石化产品petrochemical化学工程Chemical Engineering 弹性体elastomer自然科学physical science木材加工wood processing阿司匹林aspirin水杨酸salicylic acid乙酸酐acetic anhydride贮料筒仓storage silo螺旋输送机screw conveyor蒸馏物distillation单元操作unit operation动量转移momentum transfer化学分离chemical separation反应蒸馏reactive distillation质量守恒conservation of mass动量守恒conservation of momentum气态平衡mass balances能量衡算energy balances迁移现象transport phenomena大气层内外aerospace有机染料Organic Dye生物相容性材料bio-compatible materials 弥补术prosthetics凝胶gel绝缘体dielectric化学分离技术Separation Technology混合物mixture传质mass transfer顺流downstream吸附(作用)Adsorption离心过滤Centrifugation移注Decantation除雾器Demister电泳Electrophoresis淘析Elutriation蒸发(作用)Evaporation提取Extraction滤取Leaching液液萃取Liquid-liquid extraction固体萃取Solid phase extraction絮凝FlocculationFractional freezing微孔过滤microfiltration超滤(作用)ultrafiltration反渗透reverse osmosis合成膜synthetic membranes油水分离Oil-water separation天然气加工natural gas processing 沉淀Precipitation再结晶Recrystallize重力选Gravity separation升华Sublimation汽-液分离Vapor-liquid separation 区域精炼Zone refining化学反应Chemical reaction化学物质chemical substances化学变化chemical change催化catalyze代谢途径metabolic pathway直接混合Direct combination氧化数oxidation number烧毁Combustion官能团functional group歧化disproportionation烯醇化物enolate次氯酸盐hypochlorite表面面积Surface area电磁辐射electromagnetic radiation速率式rate law化学其他分支Others分析化学Analytical chemistry可调谐激光器tunable laser元分析elemental analysis定性无机分析Qualitative inorganic analysis 定量分析Quantitative analysis滴定Titration重量分析Gravimetric analysis光谱学Spectroscopy质谱法Mass Spectrometry Electroanalytical method热量测定Calorimetry热重分析thermogravimetric analysislab-on-a-chip校准曲线calibration curve原子吸收光谱法Atomic absorption spectroscopy (AAS)原子发射光谱法Atomic emission spectroscopy (AES)原子荧光光谱法Atomic fluorescence spectroscopy (AFS)毛细管电泳分析Capillary electrophoresis (CE)色谱法Chromatography计算机断层扫描Computed tomography循环伏安法Cyclic Voltammetry (CV)差示扫描量热法Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC)电子顺磁共振Electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR)场流分离理论Field Flow Fractionation (FFF)流动注射分析Flow Injection Analysis (FIA)傅里叶变换光谱Fourier transform spectroscopy (FTIR)气相色谱Gas chromatography (GC)气相色谱-质谱联用分析仪Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS)高效液相色谱High Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC)电感耦合等离子体焰炬Inductively coupled plasma (ICP)离子选择性电极法Ion selective electrode (ISE)激光诱导击穿光谱仪Laser Induced Breakdown Spectroscopy (LIBS)理论化学Theoretical chemistry计算化学computational chemistry双极子dipole多极矩multipole moments振动频率vibrational frequencies跨部门cross sections碰撞collision玻恩-奥本海默近似Born-Oppenheimer approximation 薛定谔方程Schroedinger Equation狄拉克方程Dirac equation密度泛函理论density functional theory经典力学classical mechanics化学数据库chemical databases化学结构chemical structures位能面potential energy surface反应坐标reaction coordinate直接量子化学direct quantum chemistrymolecular Hamiltonian分子轨道理论molecular orbital theory自旋运动轨道spin orbitLCAO ansatz立体基阵configurations分子几何学molecular geometry过渡结构transition structures热化学thermochemistry生成焓enthalpy of formation过渡结构transition structure力场force field固体物理solid state physics能带结构band structure自由度degrees of freedom时间演变time evolution分子中的原子理论Atoms in Molecules valence bond model拓扑topology从头计算Ab initioDensity functional theory分子力学Molecular mechanics散射理论scattering theory波包wave packet数学化学Mathematical chemistry化学图论chemical graph theory立体化学stereochemistry化学信息学Cheminformatics核化学Nuclear chemistry辐射化学Radiation chemistry核反应nuclear reaction异构化Isomerisation重氢deuterium放射衰变radioactive decay弹性碰撞elastic collision阿尔法粒子alpha particle原子质量单位atomic mass unit结合能binding energy质能等价性mass-energy equivalence (原子)能级energy level伽马射线gamma rays电子壳层electron shell辐射谱线emission lines粒子加速器particle accelerator宇宙射线cosmic rays分裂,蜕变Spallation感应发射Induced emission核子分裂nuclear fission锕类actinide核燃料循环nuclear fuel cycle普雷克斯PUREXX射线结晶学X-ray crystallography 宇生核素Cosmogenic isotopes。
氯化银_过氧化氢复合电极
2.2 复合电极的伏安曲线
图 2 为 40 ℃时 AgCl 电极在 1 mol/L HCl+0. 5 mol/L H2O2 溶 液 中 的 线 性 伏 安 曲 线 ，扫 描 速 率 为 1 0 mV/ s 。 从 图 中 可 以 看 出，在 A 点 H2O2 开始发生还原 ，在 AgCl 开始还原 (E =0 V)之
1665
1 0 0 0
Ag Cl (H )
1 2 00
A u /Ni (OH )
batterie s for high power a pplications [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2000, 91: 77-82. MED E IROS M G, BE SSETT E R R, D ESCHEN ES C M, et al. Magnesium - solutio n phase catholyte semi-fuel cell for undersea vehicle s [J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2004, 136: 226-231. CAO D, WU L, WANG G, et al. Electrochemical oxidatio n behavio r of Mg-Li-Al-C e-Z n and Mg-Li-Al-Ce -Z n-Mn in sodium c hlo ride solution[J]. Journal of Power Sources, 2008, 183: 799-804. PATRISS I C J, BESSETTE R R, KIM Y K, et al. Fabrication and rate performa nce of a microfiber cathode in a Mg-H2O2 flow ing electrolyte semi-fuel cell [J]. Journal of the Electrochemical Society, 2008, 155(6): B558-B562.
乙醇在PtnanoTiO2-CNT复合催化剂上的电催化氧化
[Article]物理化学学报(Wuli Huaxue Xuebao )Acta Phys.鄄Chim.Sin .,2006,22(10)：1238~1242Received:February 20,2006;Revised:March 29,2006.∗Correspondent,E ⁃mail:dbchu@;Tel:0553⁃3869304⁃8018.国家自然科学基金(20476001)和安徽省自然科学基金(00045317)资助项目ⒸEditorial office of Acta Physico ⁃Chimica Sinica乙醇在Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合催化剂上的电催化氧化褚道葆1,∗尹晓娟1冯德香1林华水2田昭武2(1安徽师范大学化学与材料科学学院,安徽省功能性分子固体重点实验室,安徽芜湖241000;2厦门大学化学系,固体表面物理化学国家重点实验室,福建厦门361005)摘要通过前驱体Ti(OEt)4直接水解和电化学扫描电沉积法制备在Ti 基体上的纳米TiO 2⁃碳纳米管复合膜载Pt(Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT)复合催化剂.透射电镜(TEM)和X 射线衍射(XRD)结果表明,锐钛矿型纳米TiO 2粒子和Pt 纳米粒子(粒径均为5~10nm)均匀地分散在碳纳米管表面.通过循环伏安和计时电流法研究表明,Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合催化剂(Pt 载量为0.32mg ·cm -2)具有高达51.8m 2·g -1的电化学活性比表面积,常温常压下对乙醇的电化学氧化具有高催化活性和稳定性,乙醇氧化峰电位分别为0.59、0.96和0.24V,氧化峰电流密度分别达到-115、-113和-75mA ·cm -2.复合催化剂对乙醇电氧化的高催化活性可归因于nanoTiO 2、CNT 和Pt 纳米粒子的协同催化作用.关键词：乙醇电氧化,直接乙醇燃料电池,阳极催化剂,纳米TiO 2,碳纳米管,铂纳米粒子中图分类号：O646Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Ethanol on Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT Complex CatalystsCHU,Dao ⁃Bao 1,*YIN,Xiao ⁃Juan 1FENG,De ⁃Xiang 1LIN,Hua ⁃Shui 2TIAN,Zhao ⁃Wu 2(1Anhui Key Laboratory of Functional Molecular Solids,College of Chemistry and Materials Science,Anhui Normal University,Wuhu241000,P.R.China ;2Department of Chemistry,State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of the Solid Surface,Xiamen University,Xiamen361005,P.R.China )Abstract Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT complex catalysts were prepared by direct hydrolysis of Ti(OEt)4and electrochemical scan electrodepositing method.The results of XRD and SEM showed that the nanoTiO 2(anatase)and Pt nanoparticles (size about 5~10nm)were dispersed uniformly on CNT film surface.The electrocatalytic activity of Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and chronopotentiogram.The results indicated that Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT electrode (Pt loading was 0.32mg ·cm -2)exhibited high electrochemical activity surface area (51.8m 2·g -1)and very high electrocatalytic activity and stability for the electro ⁃oxidation of ethanol at room temperature in atmosphere pressure.The oxidation peak potentials of ethanol were 0.59,0.96,and 0.24V,and the corresponding oxidation peak current sdensities were -115,-113,and -75mA ·cm -2.The high electrocatalytic activity and good stability can be attributed to the synergistic catalytic effect among nanocomposite.Keywords ：Electro ⁃oxidation of ethanol,Direct ethanol fuel cell,Anode catalyst,Nanocrystalline TiO 2,Carbon nanometer tubes,Pt nanoparticle直接醇类燃料电池(DAFC)由于其燃料来源丰富、价格低廉、携带和储存安全方便等独特的优越性而成为当前燃料电池研究的前沿课题[1⁃6].其中直接甲醇燃料电池(DMFC)受到广泛关注[2],然而由于甲醇有October1238No.10褚道葆等：乙醇在Pt/nanoTiO2⁃CNT复合催化剂上的电催化氧化一定的毒性,限制其在诸如手机、笔记本电脑等可移动电源领域的应用.因此探索其它无毒有机小分子燃料十分必要.乙醇可从农作物中大量生产,来源丰富,是一种可再生无毒绿色燃料,因而直接乙醇燃料电池(DEFC)具有更广阔的应用前景,近年来受到国内外研究者的关注[3].乙醇因含有C—C键,电氧化过程更为复杂,常用的Pt基催化剂对乙醇氧化的电催化活性不高[4].因此,研究对乙醇氧化具有高催化活性的阳极催化剂是发展DEFC的关键[5].目前报道的DEFC阳极催化剂性能较好的有PtSn[3,6⁃7]、PtRu[8]、PtRuMo[9]以及PtRu/CuNi[10]合金.但总体而言,其催化活性和稳定性仍不能令人满意.纳米TiO2(nanoTiO2)在酸、碱介质中都有很好的稳定性,是一种性能优良的电催化剂和催化剂载体[11],并可以改变Pt表面的电子特性,降低CO在其表面的吸附强度[12].碳纳米管(CNT)具有独特的电学、热导和力学性能,且拥有纳米级管腔结构、较高的比表面积和表面活性[13⁃15].本研究采用电化学方法合成前驱体Ti(OEt)4,经直接水解法制备纳米TiO2⁃CNT复合膜,通过电化学扫描法直接在纳米TiO2⁃CNT复合膜上欠电位沉积(UPD)Pt纳米粒子得到纳米TiO2⁃CNT复合膜载Pt (Pt/nanoTiO2⁃CNT)复合催化剂,采用透射电子显微镜(TEM)和X射线衍射(XRD)方法对复合催化剂进行了表征,并运用循环伏安和计时电流法研究了Pt/ nano TiO2⁃CNT复合催化剂对乙醇氧化的电催化活性和稳定性.1实验部分1.1试剂与仪器所用试剂H2SO4、H2PtCl6、无水乙醇、丙酮等,均为分析纯,多壁碳纳米管由厦门大学化学系提供,Ti 金属用TA1型纯钛(纯度99.5%),电解液用二次蒸馏水配制.电化学研究使用CHI660A电化学工作站(美国CH公司)和LK98电化学系统(天津市兰力科化学电子高科技有限公司).TEM表征用Model S⁃520电子显微镜(Hitachi,Japan),XRD表征用Lab XRD⁃6000X射线衍射仪(SHMADZU,Japan).1.2实验方法采用前驱体Ti(OEt)4直接水解法[16]制备TiO2纳米溶胶,定量加入经活化处理和超声分散的CNT乙醇溶液制成纳米TiO2/CNT复合溶胶,通过提拉法将纳米TiO2⁃CNT溶胶均匀涂覆在已处理好的Ti基体上,干燥后在马弗炉中恒温723K焙烧30min,如此重复4~5次制得nanoTiO2⁃CNT复合膜(m(TiO2)∶m(CNT)=9∶1),再经电化学扫描沉积Pt纳米粒子得到nanoTiO2⁃CNT复合膜载Pt(Pt/nanoTiO2⁃CNT)复合催化剂,Pt载量由沉积电量计算.同样条件制备纯nanoTiO2膜载Pt(Pt/nanoTiO2)催化剂.电化学研究采用常规三电极体系的电解池进行测量,工作电极分别为Pt/nanoTiO2⁃CNT复合电极(表观面积0.04cm2)和Pt/nanoTiO2电极,Pt黑电极为辅助电极,饱和甘汞电极(SCE)为参比电极,测试分别在1mol·L-1H2SO4和0.5mol·L-1CH3CH2OH+0.5 mol·L-1H2SO4溶液中常温常压下进行,测量前通高纯Ar气20min以除去溶解氧.通过CHI660A电化学工作站得到的测试结果由联机计算机进行数据处理.2结果与讨论2.1扫描电沉积Pt纳米粒子及电化学行为图1为在5mmol·L-1H2PtCl6+0.5mol·L-1H2SO4溶液中扫描电沉积Pt纳米粒子的循环伏安曲线.由图可见,随着扫描次数的增加,在-0.2~-0.05V电位范围内出现氢的吸、脱附电流峰且越来越高,表明铂微粒不断沉积到nanoTiO2/CNT复合膜上[17⁃18];Pt的电沉积主要发生在0.0~0.4V电位区间,说明扫描电沉积Pt纳米粒子是一种欠电位沉积(UPD)过程;在0.5~0.6V之间出现大颗粒Pt的氧化溶解电流,从而使电沉积的Pt粒子具有均匀的纳米尺度.通过控制扫描次数来控制铂的沉积量[19].图2a为Pt/nanoTiO2⁃CNT复合电极在1.0mol·L-1H2SO4溶液中的循环伏安(CV)行为，图2b为对应图1nanoTiO2⁃CNT膜电极扫描电沉积Pt的循环伏安图Fig.1Cyclic voltammograms of nanoTiO2⁃CNT film electrode5mmol·L-1H2PtCl6+0.5mol·L-1H2SO4;1,15,30:the numberof cycle;scan rate:0.05V·s-11239Acta Phys.鄄Chim.Sin.(Wuli Huaxue Xuebao ),2006Vol.22的纯nanoTiO 2膜载Pt 电极的CV 行为.由图可见,两种电极均呈现Pt 的典型电化学行为且活性很高,而nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合膜载Pt 电极比纯nanoTiO 2膜载Pt 电极活性更高.氢在多晶Pt 表面的吸附电量为一定值(等于210μC ·cm -2),不随扫描速率的改变而改变,工作电极的真实表面积可由CV 曲线氢吸脱附电位区间内氢吸附电量(Q H )估算.通过CV 曲线积分求得Q H 为3.5×104μC,计算得到Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合催化剂的电化学活性比表面积为51.8m 2·g -1,明显大于Pt/nanoTiO 2(图2b).在0.80V 和0.46V 附近出现的电流峰对应铂氧化物PtO 、Pt 2O 2的氧化还原峰,高的峰电流表明扫描电沉积Pt 纳米粒子在nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合膜表面得到高度分散,电极活性明显提高.2.2Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合催化剂的XRD 和TEM 表征图3为Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合催化剂的XRD 衍射图,图中存在锐钛矿(anatase)型nanoTiO 2晶型的衍射峰(分别为(101)、(004)、(200)、(211)、(204)晶面),同时出现铂的宽化峰,最强峰的2θ衍射角为39.76°,其次出现在47.89°、68.42°、81.20°处,分别为Pt 的(111)、(200)、(220)、(311)晶面衍射峰,所得结果与文献相同[20⁃22].Pt 粒子为面心立方结构,晶粒大小按谢乐方程(d =0.89λ/b cos θ)计算约T 的衍射峰(2θ=25.243°)与纳米TiO 2的(101)面衍射峰(2θ=25.243°)正好重合图4为Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合催化剂的TEM 照片.由图可见,电沉积Pt 纳米粒子和nanoTiO 2(粒径均约5~10nm)均匀地和CNT 结合在一起.碳纳米管具有良好的导电性和表面活性,碳纳米管的存在减少了纳米TiO 2和Pt 粒子的团聚,比表面积和表面活性有了更大提高.2.3Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合催化剂对乙醇氧化的电催化活性图5a 为乙醇在Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合催化剂(载Pt 量为0.32mg ·cm -2)上电氧化的循环伏安曲线并和纯nanoTiO 2膜载Pt 催化剂(图5b)比较.由图可见,两种催化剂对乙醇电氧化均具有催化活性,而nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合膜载Pt 催化剂活性更高.在氢吸脱附区,Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合催化剂的氢吸脱附电流明显小于Pt/nanoTiO 2电极,表明复合催化剂对乙醇的吸附能力更强,从而减少了对氢的活性点;正向扫描时乙醇阳极氧化电流起于0.10V,在0.59和0.96V 观察到两个乙醇阳极氧化峰[8],峰I 达到-115mA ·cm -2,峰II 达到-113mA ·cm -2,当反向扫描时,约在0.36V 出现铂表面氧化物的还原峰,因铂氧化物还原成为活性铂原子,导致在0.24V 时出现乙醇图2复合电极在硫酸溶液中的循环伏安曲线Fig.2Cyclic voltammgrams of complex electrode(a)Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT complex electrode;(b)Pt/nanoTiO 2electrodesolution:1.0mol ·L -1H 2SO 4,scan rate:0.1V ·s-1图3Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合催化剂的XRD 图Fig.3XRD pattern of Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT complexcatalysts☆:nanoTiO 2;*:Pt图4Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT 复合催化剂的TEM 形貌Fig.4TEM image of Pt/nanoTiO 2⁃CNT complexcatalysts1240No.10褚道葆等：乙醇在Pt/nanoTiO2⁃CNT复合催化剂上的电催化氧化氧化的电流峰III[23],峰电流密度达到-75mA·cm-2,与文献[6⁃10]报道的PtSn、PtRu、PtRuMo等催化剂相比氧化峰电流密度均有较大提高.Pt/nanoTiO2⁃CNT复合催化剂对乙醇电催化氧化的高催化活性可归结为两方面因素:一方面是由于nanoTiO2与Pt催化剂产生协同作用,从而降低Pt对中毒物CO的吸附强度[24],使CO在大量含氧基团的存在下更容易氧化为CO2,释放出大量Pt的活性点,降低了毒物CO ad的积累,提高了抗中毒能力;另一方面由于复合膜中掺杂的CNT改善了nanoTiO2和Pt纳米粒子的分散度,增加了膜的导电性和活性比表面积,同时由于用酸处理过的碳纳米管在管口和管壁产生了大量的—COOH、—OH活性基团[25],大量含氧物种的存在进一步提高了复合催化剂的催化活性.图6为乙醇电氧化的计时电流曲线.由图可见,控制电位0.54V,乙醇在Pt/nanoTiO2⁃CNT复合催化剂上电氧化30min后放电电流密度仍大于10 mA·cm-2,且放电电流曲线(曲线a)较为平缓,显示出对乙醇电氧化的高催化活性和稳定性,这对于进一步发展实用化乙醇燃料电池具有重要意义.3结论1)通过前驱体Ti(OEt)4直接水解和电化学扫描电沉积法制备出具有纳米结构的TiO2⁃碳纳米管复合膜载Pt(Pt/nanoTiO2⁃CNT)复合催化剂;复合催化剂(Pt载量为0.32mg·cm-2)具有高达51.8m2·g-1的电化学活性比表面积.2)复合催化剂在常温常压下对乙醇的电化学氧化具有高催化活性和稳定性,氧化峰电流密度高达-115mA·cm-2,性能优于PtSn、PtRu等合金催化剂,对发展实用化乙醇燃料电池具有重要意义. References1Claude,L.;Alexandre,L.;Véronique,L.R.;Fabien,D.;Christophe,C.;Léger,J.M.J.Power Sources,2002,105:2832(a)Jiang,L.H.;Sun,G.Q.;Zhao,X.S.;Zhou,Z.H.;Yan,S.Y.;Tang,S.H.;Wang,G.X.;Zhou,B.;Xin,Q.Electrochim.Acta,2005,50:2371(b)Ge,J.B.;Liu,H.T.J.Power Sources,2005,142:56(c)Chu,D.B.;Feng,D.X.;Zhang,J.H.;Lin,H.S.;Hu,W.L.;Tian,Z.W.Acta Chim.Sin.,2005,63(22):2027[褚道葆,冯德香,张金花,林华水,胡维玲,田昭武.化学学报(Huaxue Xuebao), 2005,63(22):2027]3(a)Jiang,L.H.;Sun,G.Q.;Zhou,Z.H.;Zhou,W.J.;Xin,Q.Catal.Today,2004,93⁃95:665(b)Spinacé,E.V.;Neto,A.O.;Linardi,M.J.Power Sources,2004,129:1214Lamy,C.;Lima,A.;LeRhun,V.;Delime,F.;Coutanceau,C.;Léger,J.M.J.Power Sources,2002,105:2835Zhou,W.J.;Li,W.Z.;Song,S.Q.;Zhou,Z.H.;Jiang,L.H.;SunG.Q.;Xin,Q.;Poulianius,K.;Kontou,S.;Tsiakaras,P.J.PowerSources,2004,131:2176Lamy,C.;Rousseau,S.;Belgsir,E.M.;Coutanceau,C.;Léger,J.M.Electrochim.Acta,2004,49:39017(a)Zhou,W.J.;Song,S.Q.;Li,W.Z.;Zhou,Z.H.;Sun,G.Q.;Xin,Q.;Douvartzides,S.;Tsiakaras,P.J.Power Sources,2005, 142:50图5乙醇电氧化的循环伏安曲线Fig.5Cyclic voltammograms of ethanol electro⁃oxidationsolution:0.5mol·L-1ethanol+0.5mol·L-1H2SO4scan rate:0.05V·s-1(a)Pt/nanoTiO2⁃CNT complex electrode;(b)Pt/nanoTiO2electrode 图6乙醇电氧化的计时电流曲线Fig.6Time vs current plot of ethanol electro⁃oxidationThe applied potential was0.54V(vs SCE)for1800s;solution:0.5mol·L-1ethanol+0.5mol·L-1H2SO4(a)Pt/nanoTiO2⁃CNT complex electrode;(b)Pt/nanoTiO2electrode1241Acta Phys.⁃Chim.Sin.(Wuli Huaxue Xuebao),2006Vol.22(b)Jiang,L.H.;Zhou,Z.H.;Zhou,W.J.;Wang,S.L.;Wang,G.X.;Sun,G.Q.;Xin,Q.Chem.J.Chin.Univ.,2004,25:1511[姜鲁华,周振华,周卫江,王素力,汪国雄,孙公权,辛勤.高等学校化学学报(Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao),2004,25: 1511]8(a)Ma,G.X.;Tang,Y.W.;Yang,H.;Zhou,Y.M.;Xing,W.;Lu, T.H.Acta Phys.⁃Chim.Sin.,2003,19(11):1001[马国仙,唐亚文,杨辉,周益明,邢巍,陆天虹.物理化学学报(Wuli Huaxue Xuebao),2003,19(11):1001](b)Ma,G.X.;Tang,Y.W.;Zhou,Y.M.;Xing,W.;Lu,T.H.Chin.J.Inorg.Chem.2004,20:394[马国仙,唐亚文,周益明,邢巍,陆天虹.无机化学学报(Wuji Huaxue Xuebao),2004,20:395] 9(a)Neto,A.O.;Franco,E.G.;Aric佼,E.;Linardi,M.;Gonzalez,E.R.J.Eur.Ceramic Soc.,2003,23:2987(b)Neto,A.O.;Giz,M.J.;Perez,J.;Ticianelli,E.A.J.Electrochem.Soc.,2002,149:A27210Gupta,S.S.;Mahapatra,S.S.;Datta,J.J.Power Sources,2004, 131:16911(a)Chu,D.B.;Li,X.H.;Liu,X.Y.;Yao,W.L.Chin.J.Chem., 2004,22:1231(b)Chu,D.B.;Li,X.H.;Feng,D.X.;Gu,J.S.;Shen,G.X.ActaChim.Sin.,2004,62:2403[褚道葆,李晓华,冯德香,顾家山,沈广霞.化学学报(Huaxue Xuebao),2004,62:2403](c)Chu,D.B.;Yao,W.L.;Gu,J.S.;Li,X.H.;Sheng,G.X.Chem.J.Chin.Univ.,2004,25:2137[褚道葆,姚文俐,顾家山,李晓华,沈广霞.高等学校化学学报(Gaodeng Xuexiao HuaxueXuebao),2004,25:2137]12Hayden,B.E.;Malevich,mun.,2001,3: 39513Ebbesen,T.W.;Ajayan,P.M.Nature,1992,358:22014Che,G.;Lakshml,B.B.;Flsher,E.R.Nature,1998,393:34615Li,W.Z.;Liang,C.H.;Zhou,W.J.;Qiu,J.S.;Li,H.Q.;Sun,G.Q.;Xin,Q.Carbon,2004,42:42316(a)Zhou,X.F.;Chu,D.B.;Lin,C.J.Mater.Res.Bull.,2002,37: 1851(b)Zhou,X.F.;Chu,D.B.;Lin,C.J.Electrochim.Acta,2002,47:276917Gloaguen,F.;Leger,J.M.;Lamy,C.J.Appl.Electrochem.,1997, 27:105218Dou,J.H.;Li,W.S.;Li,H.;Hong,Q.M.;Chen,H.Y.;Nan,J.M.Chinese J.Power Sourses,2003,(s1):183[都君华,李伟善,李红,黄启明,陈红雨,南俊民.电源技术(Dianyuan Jishu),2003,(s1):183]19Chen,G.L.;Sun,S.G.;Chen,S.P.;Zhou,Z.Y.Electrochemistry, 2000,6:406[陈国良,孙世刚,陈声培,周志有.电化学(Dianhuaxue),2000,6:406]20(a)Chen,W.X.;Lee,J.Y.;Liu,mun.,2002,21: 2588(b)Chen,W.X.;Lee,J.Y.;Liu,Z.L.Acta Chim.Sinica,2004,62:42[陈卫祥,Lee,J.Y.,刘昭林.化学学报(Huaxue Xuebao), 2004,62:42]21He,Z.;Chen,J.;Liu,D.;Tang,H.Mater.Chem.Phys.,2004,85: 39622Reddington,E.;Sapienza,A.G.;Viswanathan,R.;Sarangapani,S.;Smotkin,E.S.;Mallouk,T.E.Science,1998,280:173523Zhong,Q.L.;Zhang,B.;Zhang,L.;Yang,X.Y.Acta Phys.⁃Chim.Sin.,2004,20:1163[钟起玲,张兵,章磊,杨熊元.物理化学学报(Wuli Huaxue Xuebao),2004,20:1163]24Liu,C.P.;Yang,H.;Xing,W.;Lu,T.H.Chem.J.Chin.Univ., 2002,23:1367[刘长鹏,杨辉,邢巍,陆天虹.高等学校化学学报(Gaodeng Xuexiao Huaxue Xuebao),2002,23:1367]25Tian,F.M.;John,L.;Falconer,J.L.J.Catal.,1990,123:4431242。
电化学催化的英文
电化学催化的英文全文共四篇示例，供读者参考第一篇示例：Electrochemical catalysis is a field of research within the broader field of electrochemistry that focuses on the study and development of catalysts used to facilitate electrochemical reactions. These catalysts play a crucial role in a wide range of industrial applications, including energy conversion and storage, environmental protection, and chemical synthesis.第二篇示例：Electrochemical CatalysisIn electrochemical catalysis, the reaction occurs at the interface between the electrode and the electrolyte solution. The electrode serves as a platform for the catalytic reaction to take place, while the electrolyte provides the necessary ions for the reaction to occur. By applying an external potential to the electrode, the rate of the catalytic reaction can be controlled, allowing for precise tuning of the reaction conditions.第三篇示例：Electrochemical catalysis is a key area of research in the field of chemistry, with immense potential for applications in various industries such as energy storage, fuel cells, water purification, and organic synthesis. This field involves the use of electrochemical processes to accelerate chemical reactions by providing an alternative pathway for the reaction to occur with a lower activation energy.第四篇示例：One of the key benefits of electrochemical catalysis is its ability to control reaction kinetics and selectivity through precise tuning of electrode potentials and reaction conditions. By applying an external voltage to the electrode, researchers can modulate the energy barriers for specific chemical reactions, thereby enhancing the desired reaction pathways while suppressing unwanted side reactions. This level of control is particularly important for complex multi-step reactions, where traditional catalytic approaches may struggle to achieve high selectivity and efficiency.。
有机／杂多酸-钆配合物的合成及电化学性质研究
有机／杂多酸-钆配合物的合成及电化学性质研究王小玉;李晨阳;尹佳成;蔡东明;丁海林;刘裕堃;王娟【摘要】以2，6-吡啶二羧酸和硅钨酸为配体合成了一种新型的稀土金属配合物，并对其进行了红外光谱、紫外光谱、荧光光谱、热重、电化学等表征。
结果表明，该配合物在196 nm 和253 nm 处具有较强的紫外吸收峰；在624 nm 处有一个很强的荧光发射峰；热稳定性较好；在－0．25～0．2 V（vs ．SCE）的电势范围内有一对氧化还原峰，具有良好的电化学活性。
%A novel rare earth metal complex was synthesized using 2,6-pyridinedicarboxylic acid and silico-tungstic acid as ligands,and the prepared complex was characterized by FTIR,UV,fluorescence,thermal gravi-metric and electrochemicalanalysis.Results showed that the complex had strong UV absorption peaks at 196 nm and 253 nm,strong fluorescence emission peak at 624 nm;the complex had good thermal stability and a pair of redox peak in potential range of -0.25~0.2 V(vs.SCE)which showed its good electrochemical activity.【期刊名称】《化学与生物工程》【年(卷),期】2015(000)011【总页数】3页(P28-30)【关键词】多金属氧酸盐;有机/杂多酸-钆配合物;合成;电化学性质【作者】王小玉;李晨阳;尹佳成;蔡东明;丁海林;刘裕堃;王娟【作者单位】江西省科学院应用化学研究所，江西南昌 330029;湖北大学化学化工学院，湖北武汉 430062;湖北大学化学化工学院，湖北武汉 430062;湖北大学化学化工学院，湖北武汉 430062;湖北大学化学化工学院，湖北武汉 430062;湖北大学化学化工学院，湖北武汉 430062;湖北大学化学化工学院，湖北武汉430062【正文语种】中文【中图分类】TQ0020世纪以来，对于稀土金属的研究越来越广泛，特别是在配位化学领域[1－3］。