纪录片的翻译美学
多模态话语分析视角下外宣纪录片翻译研究以《四季中国》为例
结果与讨论
然而，多模态话语分析在《四季中国》翻译中的应用也存在一些不足。例如， 在一些情况下，文字与图像的互文性可能造成观众的理解困难。此外，由于不同 文化之间的差异，非文字模态可能引发观众的误解。因此，在翻译过程中需要充 分考虑受众的文化背景和接受程度。
结论
结论
本研究从多模态话语分析的角度探讨了外宣纪录片的翻译研究，并以《四季 中国》为例进行了深入分析。结果表明，多模态话语分析在纪录片翻译中具有重 要作用，它能够全面、深入地分析各种模态之间的关系以及它们如何共同传递信 息。然而，也存在一些不足之处，需要充分考虑受众的文化背景和接受程度。
结果与讨论
2、文字与声音的协同性：声音是纪录片中不可或缺的元素，它通过音调、音 色、节奏等的变化，与文字一起营造出特定的语境。例如，在介绍河流时，旁白 以柔和的语调描述河流的美景和意义，从而强化了观众对画面的感受力。
结果与讨论
3、非文字模态的补充作用：图像和声音等非文字模态在纪录片中发挥了重要 的补充作用。对于无法用文字表达的内容，如气味、温度、情感等，图像和声音 能够有效地传达。例如，在展示中国传统节日时，图像呈现出热闹的节日气氛， 而声音则通过模拟鞭炮声、锣鼓声等使观众感受到节日的氛围。
结果与讨论
结果与讨论现在以下几个方面：
结果与讨论
1、文字与图像的互文性：在纪录片中，文字和图像相互补充，共同传递信息。 比如，画面中出现一座山峰，字幕就会相应地介绍该山峰的名称和特点。这种互 文性不仅增加了信息的丰富度，还为观众提供了更加直观的感受。
理论框架
2、O'Toole的语音语法：该理论模型声音与空间、时间、音调等因素的关系， 为理解多模态话语中的声音模态提供指导。
研究方法
研究方法
美学视阈下的影视字幕翻译研究
美学视阈下的影视字幕翻译研究作者：周莹刘馨来源：《科教导刊》2014年第35期摘要影视字幕翻译属于文学翻译的一个分支，是一种特殊的语言转换类型。
翻译不仅寻求两种语言文本之间的对等关系，而且要在它们之间寻求一种美的美的信息和美的传递。
本文以美学的视角，对影视字幕翻译进行研究，总结和分析了字幕翻译的审美原则，也就是：传递原片风格、人物个性化以及情感化。
关键词美学影视字幕翻译审美原则中图分类号：H315.9 文献标识码：A随着全球化进程的加快和各国间文化交流的深入，越来越多的外国影视作品引入中国，成为我们了解异国文化的一个重要手段。
目前，很多研究者从不同的角度对影视字幕翻译进行了研究。
本文针对影视字幕翻译的特殊性，并且与实际的影视翻译实践相结合，将在美学下的影视字幕翻译研究提了出来。
1 影视字幕的特点针对大众音像交际类型的诸如电视以及电影等两种方式进行的术语转换，就是所谓的字幕，字幕不仅可以是语内的，同时也可以是语际间的。
将话语向着不同的语言文本进行转换就是所谓的语内字幕翻译，在使原声的内容得以保留的前提之下，采用其他的语言来替代剧中人物的语言，这就是所谓的语际字幕翻译，字幕翻译既有文学翻译的一般特点，又有其自身的独特性。
（1）时间性。
由于受到观众浏览字幕时间以及文本图像以及声音的限制，所以字幕翻译往往只具有非常短的屏幕停留时间；（2）通俗性。
电影的观众是不确定的。
这样就要求影视自身作为一种大众的传媒必须要对观众的接受能力和市场反应进行充分的考虑，做到雅俗共赏。
（3）综合性。
人物语言与动态画面在影视作品当中一般都会具有相互补充以及相互影响的特点，所以需要保证有机结合剧中人物的表情和动作，真正实现声画同步。
2 翻译美学原理概述作为一门有机集合现代美学与古典美学、文艺美学与翻译理论的学科，翻译美学能够将翻译学的美学渊源揭示出来，并且针对翻译学受到美学的特殊影响进行探讨，其能够对翻译通过对美学基本原理的运用将不一样的审美标准提出来，从而能够对双语转换过程中的美学问题进行解决、阐释以及分析。
生态翻译学视角下纪录片的字幕翻译
生态翻译学视角下纪录片的字幕翻译大型英文纪录片《伟大工程巡礼》（Megastructure）在美国国家地理频道（National Geographic）开播以来，受到了国内外观众的强烈关注。
但由于语言障碍，大多数中国观众需借助字幕翻译才能更好地理解此纪录片。
与影视剧的字幕翻译不同，纪录片的内容具有较强的专业性和知识性，所提出的翻译要求也高于影视剧字幕翻译，因而探讨纪录片的字幕翻译十分必要。
生态翻译学最早是由胡庚申教授提出，近十几年来，取得了诸多令人瞩目的研究成果。
以生态翻译学为理论支撑，采用理论探讨和实例剖析相结合的方法，着重分析了译者在语言维度、文化维度和交际维度所作出的“适应”与“选择”，从而验证了生态翻译学理论对纪录片字幕翻译的指导意义，并对纪录片字幕翻译的理论研究视角有所补充。
标签：生态翻译学纪录片字幕翻译《伟大工程巡礼》三维转换在众多的影視作品当中，纪录片作为一种特殊的影视形式，向观众呈现了出生动形象的画面，为中外文化交流起到了不可忽视的作用。
中西方有着不同的语言，语言中又蕴含着不同的文化、思维和语言习惯等。
大多数中国观众若想更透彻地了解纪录片的内容，不得不借助字幕翻译。
不仅如此，中西文化差异较大，英文纪录片所蕴含的文化因素以及中西语言表达方式的异同，会使中国观众在理解上遇到障碍。
《伟大工程巡礼》在CCTV（中国中央电视台）、爱奇艺、优酷等播放平台播出之后，受到了国内观众的热捧。
究其原因，除了该系列纪录片所选题材独特、拍摄画面精彩之外，也离不开其高质量的字幕翻译。
译者所面对的翻译生态环境有别于其他文学翻译和影视剧字幕翻译。
因而，从生态翻译学的视角探讨《伟大工程巡礼》的字幕翻译意义重大。
一、生态翻译学简述生态翻译学最早是由胡庚申教授提出，近十几年来，取得了诸多令人瞩目的研究成果。
生态翻译学理论以达尔文进化论中的“自然选择”与“适者生存”学说以及华夏生态文明智慧为理论基石，从“生态整体主义”的视角系统地探究翻译的过程。
目的论视角下纪录片字幕翻译策略的研究
目的论视角下纪录片字幕翻译策略的研究英文纪录片《美丽中国》播出后，受到了来自世界各地观众们的欢迎，这离不开其成功的字幕翻译。
本文将在翻译目的论框架下，以英文纪录片《美丽中国》为个案，剖析纪录片英汉翻译纲要，探讨该类翻译实践所遵循的原则，总结纪录片字幕翻译中可行的翻译策略，如简化、套译等，旨在为该领域的翻译研究提供借鉴。
标签：翻译策略目的论《美丽中国》纪录片一、引言在全球化的发展趋势下，不同文化间的交流日益频繁，越来越多的英文影视作品涌入中国，并且深受中国观众的喜爱。
而纪录片字幕翻译作为影视作品字幕翻译中的一部分在跨文化交流中起到了举足轻重的作用。
理论指导和技术规范的缺乏导致纪录片字幕翻译质量不尽人意，还导致中国互联网上的大部分英文纪录片的翻译质量参差不齐。
因此，纪录片字幕翻译研究亟待重视。
Jorge Diaz-Cintas（2004）博士曾写道“绝大部分对字幕翻译的研究都集中于电影作品方面，却忽视了一些本应该被优先考虑的视听形式，如纪录片和漫画等”，由此可见在对字幕翻译的研究中，纪录片字幕翻译一开始并未受到重视，但如今已有不少西方学者们开始关注纪录片字幕翻译研究。
Franco（2000）认为在目的语不一致的情况下，应当采取不同的翻译技巧和策略，同时向目的语观众展示真实画面和叙述真实故事也是纪录片字幕翻译尤为重视的方面。
在目的论影响下，Matamala（2009）发现了纪录片字幕翻译的难度不但和不同的工作环境有关，还取决于旁白、配音和字幕翻译这三种特殊的纪录片翻译形式，同时她还着重说明了在纪录片字幕翻译过程中采取正确的翻译策略尤为重要。
虽然我国在字幕翻译的研究上比不上国外，但我国翻译领域的专家学者们不甘人后，逐渐增加了有关字幕翻译方面的研究。
李运兴（2001）认为使用最有效的方式提供最有用的信息是影视作品字幕翻译所追求的，并依据字幕翻译的特征提出了与之相对应的翻译策略。
此外，钱绍昌（2000）发表的文章《影视翻译——翻译园地中越来越重要的领域》中，归纳概括了影视作品的五大特征：聆听性、综合性、即时性、通俗性和无注性。
纪录片字幕翻译中的文化审美研究——以Wild China以及《舌尖上的中国》为例
译 文 ：Ｈｕ ｂ ｅ ｉ ｎ ａ ｔ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｓ ａ ｒ ｅ ｇ ｏ ｏ ｄ ａ ｔ ｃ ｏ ｏ ｋ ｉ ｎ ｇ ｉ ｔ ．
３ ０
中文 纪录片 的解 说词受 中 国传统 文化 、审美 习惯 和 叙述方 式 的影 响 ，文笔较优 美清新 、生动活 泼 、凝练 含 蓄 、音 韵和美 ，并 追古溯今 、娓娓 道来 ，具 有丰 富的感 情色彩 。（ 张华 容 ，２ ０ ｌ ４ ）中文受众 的思想更委婉 ，在用 词 、音韵 、修辞 等方面更 为讲究 。而英文受 众思想更 为 直接 ，一定程 度上更强 调用语 的简洁 ，在修 辞手法 的使 用 上较 中文受 众简化许 多 。西方 的文化 以个 人主 义为核 心 ，在 语言 的表达形式 上也有特 点 ，但是 中国文化具 有 定 的怀 旧情结 ，倾 向于引用古 人的诗词 、古语来表 达 比较深刻 的内容 ，讲究深入浅 出。（ 刘文婷 ，２ ０ １ ５ ） 译语 受众审美 上 的不 同使译 者在翻译纪 录片 时需 要 格 外注意 ，根 据受众 的审美做 ｍ相应的调整 ，力求 在不 违背原 意 的情 况下贴近译语 受众 的语 言 习惯 ，符合译语
“受 制 约 的 翻 译 ” （ ｃ ｏ ｎ ｓ ｔ ｒ ａ ｉ ｎ ｅ ｄ ｔ ｒ ａ ｎ ｓ ｌ ａ ｔ ｉ ｏ ｎ ）（ Ｄ ｉ ａ ｚ ｌ Ｃ ｉ ｎ — ｔ ａ ｓ ， １ ９ ９ ９ ） 。缩 减 法 在 实 际 翻译 中可 分 为 三 种 ：浓 缩 （ ｃ ｏ ｎ ｌ ｄ ｅ ｎ ｓ ￣ｉ ｏ ｎ ）、压 缩 性 意 译 （ ｒ ｅ ｄ ｕ ｃ ｔ ｉ ｖ ｅ ｐ ａ ｒ ａ ｐ ｈ ｒ ａ ｓ ｉ ｎ ｇ ）
2016125纪录片字幕翻译中的文化审美研究以wildchina以及舌尖上的中国为例孙旻瑄董春枝江汉大学外国语学院摘要纪录片有其特有的语言特点即以真实为本质同时能做到升华主题语言偏向书面用语
生态翻译学视角下纪录片《舌尖上的中国》的字幕翻译策略研究
生态翻译学视角下纪录片《舌尖上的中国》的字幕翻译策略研究*发布时间：2021-06-03T07:30:29.688Z 来源：《教育考试与评价》2021年第3期作者：朱明珍唐丽君[导读] 《舌尖上的中国》这一纪录片以中国各地美食为题材，展现了美食带来的文化。
贵州财经大学外语学院贵州贵阳 550025摘要：作为传播文化的中介和载体，字幕翻译在文化外宣方面起着重要作用。
本文通过对《舌尖上的中国》的字幕翻译的英译研究，从“三维适应性选择转换”探讨字幕翻译的策略。
译者可以从意合与形合转换、动态与静态平衡进行语言维的适应性选择转换；可以采取直译法、意译法等进行文化维的适应性选择转换；此外还需考虑交际维度的适应性选择转换，使得译语，源语读者获得相同的感受。
本研究能扩充纪录片字幕翻译的理论研究视角，并能为记录片的翻译提供一定的借鉴意义。
关键词：生态翻译学；字幕翻译；三维转换；《舌尖上的中国》一、引言《舌尖上的中国》这一纪录片以中国各地美食为题材，展现了美食带来的文化。
有不少学者从不同理论视角对该纪录片的字幕做出过阐述，例如传播学视角（冯薇 2018）；文化呈现角度（周慧2018）；美学构建视角（朱媛2014）等。
对该纪录片的字幕翻译研究的角度有目的论（武亚萍2010）、关联理论（张亚卿,高丽莉2017）、文化翻译观（陆怡飞,贺安芳2018）、生态翻译学视角下文化缺省和翻译补偿（李明涛2018）。
由此可见，以生态翻译学为视角，对《舌尖上的中国》的研究较少，本文将运用生态翻译学这一理论，结合三维适应性选择转换视角，对其字幕翻译进行探讨，传播中华民族的美食文化，以促进跨文化的交流。
二、生态翻译学概述胡庚申教授结合达尔文的进化论与华夏生态智慧的基础上，提出并构建了生态翻译学的理论框架，推动了生态翻译学的发展。
生态翻译学是以东方智慧为依托，以“适应/选择”论为基石的“研究范式”（胡庚申 2013）。
三维适应性选择转换策略指的是在语言维度上除了要关注词性转换、语态转换和句子结构转换之外，还需要从文化维度和交际维度的层面做出适度调整；在文化维度上，除了关注文化内容差异和文化特殊表达之外，也不能忽视语言和交际维度这两个层面；在交际维度上，关注影响交际生态的因素，在从文化和语言的交际维度上进行转换。
电影片名翻译的美感
毕业论文中文摘要电影片名翻译的美感摘要：影视是文学花圃中的一朵艳丽的花朵，它芳香馥郁，妩媚可爱，令广大观众爱不释手。
英文影视以其浓郁的异国色彩和风味在众多的影视作品中占据了不可忽视的位置，其影视片名犹如广告，目的在于吸引广大观众，最大限度的取得对影片的宣传效果。
电影片名的翻译体现的是一个电影的公共影响力。
好的电影片名总是引导观众去探索电影更深层的内涵，因此其翻译也是一种艺术，片名的翻译要求传情达意、简短易记、文字优美，并应和其内容相吻合。
翻译得好，可以起到锦上添花、画龙点睛的效果；若是翻译的差强人意，非但不能使观众明白一部电影的主题,反而会闹出许多笑话。
本文通过对电影片名翻译的意境美，音韵美，句型美，文化美等方面的阐述来分析电影片名翻译中的美学原则和美学体验，结合中外文化的差异，说明美感对于电影片名翻译的重要意义，从而使得读者对于电影片名翻译的美感有更深层次的了解。
关键词：电影片名美学原则翻译技巧修辞功能文化差异毕业论文外文摘要Title The Beauty of Translation of the Movies’ NamesAbstractEnglish movies and TV are geeks in literature beds. It is aroma fragrant, enchanting, lovely, people welcomed. English movies and TV holds an important position with its strong exotic color and flavor. Movie name just like advertisement which name use for appealing to more audiences. The translation of English movie names exerts a direct influence on the publicity of that movie. While the spectator usually have the deepest impression of the movie names whether the names are beautiful or clear in meaning. A beautiful name attracts the spectator to seek the intension of the movie work. A beautiful name can leave the spectator a continuous impression .It makes one provide much food for thought. Consequently, the translation of the movies ’names is also an art. If the translation is good, it plays with the effect of the finishing touch. On the contrary, it will be faulty.This paper attempts to explain the aesthetic principles and feelings in the translation of English movie names by introducing the beauty of meaning, pronunciation, sentence pattern and folklore. It can make the translation accurate, popular and clear. It instructs the importance of the translation of movies’names, thus the spectator can have more profound understanding.Key words: movie name aesthetic properties translation skill rhythm function cultural differencesContents1 Introduction (1)2 Movie Names and Aesthetical Translation (2)2.1 Functions of Movie Names (3)2.2 The Necessity of Aesthetical Tranlation (5)3 Techniques of Aesthetical Translation (6)3.1 Aesthetics Properties of Movie Names (6)3.2 Common Transltion Methods (7)4 The Current Situation of Aesthetical Translation (12)Conclusion (13)Bibliography (14)Acknowledgements (16)1 IntroductionMovie, as an aesthetic form created by specific cultures, which reflects those cultures and in turn, affects them, is beloved by the public. In 1895, the two brothers Auguste and Louuis Lumiere made a machine that they called the cinematogaphe in France and started as well, the over-a-century-long history of movies. Whatever it is called: movie, film, flicker, motion picture, pix or the cinema, this popular art has been affecting life for generations. Movies have the magic power over the audience from teens to adults, through which, language and culture are epitomized and transmitted. With the continuous development in the movie industry, an increasing number of movies have become worldwide attractions by using dubbing or subtitles that translate the dialogue. Take it for example that Titanic makes a record of 1, 835, 4000,000 dollars’box office. In this regard, movie translation contributes a lotto the box-office.With the deepening of cultural communication between China and foreign countries foreign movies are growingly surging into domestic movie market. The translation of the title of a movie will have an enormous effect on its economic returns and financial benefits, since the movie title is ultimately aimed at transmission of relevant in formation, expression of emotions in the movie, aesthetic and advertising functionsIn each phase of history, the translation of foreign movie names, which have profoundly been influenced by the mainstream of aesthetic ideology, taking on various aesthetic principles.Movie Names have many specific roles. Firstly movie name is the trademark of movie. Hao Huinan, in his book Cultural Context and Linguistic Translation, pointed out that movie name is the brand of a movie. As far as movie is concerned, what appeals to people first is its title.As the author knows, movie is a highly commercialized commodity. Movie names, as a marker of the movie, which is condensed of words and proved by authorities of the movie censorship and used to represent a movie, played a role of the trademark of movie.Secondly movie name is a cultural product. Movie as a popular art reflects the main trend of ideology of the society. Movie Name, a necessary part of movie is also a part of this cultural product. What’s more, movie name itself also bears cultural features of the region where the movie is produced, Abundant cultural elements have been traced in movie titles: such as idioms, slang, popular words lines of poems, titles of literary works, historical events and dialects etc. Movie names have well had the source culture reflected and condensed. Due to the above two reasons, movie names should be treated as a cultural product.Thirdly, movie name is a piece of art. Movie is said to be the seventh art. Since its birth, it has been spread to every comer of the world because of its unique ways of expressing feelings and emotion and has become a necessary in peoples’ spiritual life. Movie name, as a necessary part of movie is a segment and component of a piece of art. Without movie name, a movie can not be viewed as a complete work and will be forgotten by the audience soon. Moreover, the creating of movie name is highly creative.A good movie name can not only provide the audience aesthetic enjoyment, information about the movie but also can evoke the audience’s desire to see the movie the naming process itself is an artistic creation. Therefore, movie name should also be viewed as a piece of art.2 Movie Names and Aesthetical TranslationThe movie, a popular art with both artistic and commercial values, is one of the most influential mass media. Film looks like a piece of mirror which reflects all the respects of human society, including the materialworld and the spiritual world as well. With large quantities of English movies being introduced into China, more and more movie names are translated into Chinese, some well done while some poorly done. Exploring the present situation of movie names, within the framework of audience-oriented approach, this paper tries to generalize some principles, such as faithfulness, cultural awareness, and combination of commercial and aesthetic effects, of movie names with abundant examples. Based on the foregoing analysis, some concrete techniques of movie names translation are discussed, such as translation, literal translation and explication.2.1 Functions of Movies’ NamesThe basic function of movie name is to identify the movie. Without this initial identification, people would not be able to talk about the movie. The name is a sign to guide people through the movie pages of newspapers/magazines or through the television flow.The title is also a means for guiding people’s reception and interpretations of a text, either by stressing a specific viewpoint or giving people an abstract of the movies. According to the achievement of Peter Newmark, the English translation theorist, there are six functions. That is, informative, expressive, vocative, aesthetic, phatic and metalingual functions. The last two functions are seldom incarnated. Though each function has its emphasis, the informative, expressive and aesthetic functions are, in the end, to serve vocation function. Informative function“The core of the informative function of language is external situation, the facts of a topic, really outside language, including reported ideas or theories”. Informative function coveys the audience a general idea of a movie. Normally, when a new movie is released, people know little about it. A movie name is supposed to give a hint to theaudience about what is going on in the story, that is, it provides information related to the movie. Form the title, people learn the background or the plot of the movie, thus make the audience decide whether they are interested in it or not. Information may include: genre, events and the main plot of the movie.Expressive FunctionA movie name is to establish identity or to be a factor in the movie’s distribution. The center of the expressive function is the mind of the speaker, the writer, the originator of the utterance, who wants to input his intention through the form of language. As far as a movie name is concerned, expressive function of a movie name is to show the intentions or aims of directors. The expressive function is the key to movies’communicative effectiveness, and accordingly makes the audience emotionally or moved by the tone of a movie, such as lyric, comic or horrible atmosphere.Aesthetic FunctionThis is language designed to please the senses, firstly through its actual or imagined sound and secondly through its metaphors. The rhythm, balance and contrasts of sentences, clauses and words also play their part. The audience is supposed to receive aesthetic pleasure form the good movie name. It can be achieved by means of the charm of language. For instance, Chinese is a tone language, which has contrasting pitches or tons by using the pitch of individual syllables to contrast meanings. It has four linguistic pitches pr tones. Thus it can produce a kind of phonological beauty through the arrangements of different pitches like(一声叹息)and(东邪西毒).Besides, figures of speech, which are frequently used in the movie names, are also one of movie names linguistic features stated above.Vocative FunctionMovie is the art form most likely t in fame the passions of the public, who express their preference by purchasing tickets. Vocative function is to make the audiences act, such as watching a movie, thought about a movie or buying CDs etc, which is connected with commercialization. Whoever they are, a producer, a director or an actor, they must have a good sense of business if they would like to become successful in the movie industry. And an excellent movie name helps to lead the audience to go to the theatre, so that the movie can get a good record of box office. In western countries, it comes after the news programs. By country, information is rarely given concerning sales figures for new books or art gallery opening etc. To some degree, movie name are the trademarks of movies.2.2 The Necessity of Aesthetical Translation“Movie is so important that it has become the first arts of the human world,”pointed out by French artist and novelist Mona，Baker. With the increase in cultural exchanges between China and rest of the world, especially with the western countries, the movie has gradually stood out as one of the important medium of communication in its own right.Movie names are always the first thing that the audiences come to know about new movies. Thus a right choice of movie title translation is of great importance the successful release of a movie. A properly translated English movie name should fulfill many important functions.Because aesthetic translation has a lot of important functions, we should translate the movies’names with sense of beauty. Good translation is a kind of enjoyment. The translation of movie name must both reflect the content of the movie and have something new. Thus it can attract audiences, enhance the income of box office and promote cultural exchange between east and west.3 Techniques of Aesthetical TranslationSince the aesthetic translation is important, the author sums up some methods to translate the movies’names. The Chinese translators usually follow the properties and there are many excellent translation products appear in spectators’ vision.3.1 Aesthetics properties of Movie NamesIn order to have a better translation of the nature of English movie name, it is necessary for us to know the aesthetics properties of the movie names, in other words to know how movies are translated with beauty. According to the author summarized, there are four aesthetics properties about the movie names’ translation. There are the beauty of artistic conception, plain, classics, and fancy.The beauty of artistic conceptionThat is refers to the movie name is to contrast some atmosphere or artistic copy according to associated ideas about the vocabulary. Compared with the translation of the following translations, It’s not difficult to find the latter version is better.Ex1.(霸王别姬)：Xiang Yu the Conqueror Bids Farewell to his Concubine/Farewell to My ConcubineEx2. Ordinary People(普通人)/(凡夫俗子)The beauty of plainThe beauty of plain calls for simple and novelty. It is easy for audiences to remember the movie names and it is also cut down the distance with the audience. For example：Breakdance(霹雳舞),America Beauty(美国丽人)，Mulan(花木兰),Entrapment(偷天陷阱) ,Green Crad(绿卡).The beauty of classicsThe excellent movies last a long time, moves several generations. The classic movie names made people gifted with an extraordinary retentive memory. The movie Waterloo Bridge’s Chinese name is always taken as classics. The translator names it (魂断蓝桥)，not only avoid the puzzlement for the cultural difference of Chinese people, but “lan qiao”references the folklore of Shanxi Province-Blue Bridge appointment. Moreover, Bathing Beauty(出水芙蓉)，The Umbrellas of Cherbourg(秋水伊人), Lolita(一枝梨花压海棠),My Fair Lady(窈窕淑女),It happened One Night(一夜风流).The beauty of fancyThe beauty of fancy is refers to some movie names put to use some unusual representation so that it can draw attention of the audience. For example: The Day After Tomorrow(后天)，is once be popularized “Tomorrow be on The Day after Tomorrow”. It’s fully strict the audiences’curiosity. Some similar examples: Funeral of the Famous Star(大腕),Ashes of Time(东邪西毒),Be there or Be Square(不见不散),Keep cool(有话好好说).3.2 Common Methods of Aesthetic TranslationRefining the wordsTo realize the aesthetic value of the movie names, the translator must focus on selecting words. When refining the words, the translator must strive to make both the sound and the means beautiful in order that the translation can attain vivid effects. Refining words stress make the translation lifelike vivid. This translation method is aimed at create a kind of aesthetic conception. It’s a concentration of source language audience’s feeling. Try to compare with the following two groups, It’s not hard to find the latter can better reflect the advantage of Chinese. Certainly, an appropriate choice of words can make a far reachingaesthetic conception and suit the theme better. So it will to be held up better.Ex1：You Can’t Take It With You你无法带走/浮生若梦Ex2：A Man from Snowy River来自雪河的人 /雪河男子汉Some excellent example: A Puzzlement of Love(情惑)，the Strange Tale(奇谈)，Intolerance (党同伐异)，These are all typical instances worth learning.Conveying the beautiful soundsThe aesthetic translation strives for sounds beauty. The translators make the movie names easy to pronounce by means of rhythm and tone .It not only convey the emotive meaning, but also strengthen the aesthetic effect. Chinese is tone language, it forms a modulated voice by the high-low、heavy-light、long-short、fast-slow of the tone and express the colorful and delicate feeling accurately. For example, Outland is translated to(天外天)（inflection, rhyme），Courage Under Fire is translated to(生死豪情)(rhyme), Singing in the Rain is translated to(雨中曲)（rhyme）.However ,as an international language, English use its different tone、accent、unstressed sound and secondary accent arrange its incessantly sound’s beauty just like floating clouds and flowing water. For example,(芳草碧连天)（1987）is translated to The Green Green Grass of Home,(大轮回)is translated to The Wheel of Life,Those are successfully embody thyme beauty of English.What’s more, alliteration and rhyme are also the common method to achieve sound beauty. It is common occurance in name creation and translation. For Example，English names: Picture Perfect(纯属虚构)，Rock and Rule(万世魔星)， Limelight(舞台生涯)Chinese names:(兵临城下) City Under Siege, Fight South and North(南征北战).Adding vocabularyMany of the foreign movie names seems not dramatic if the translator translated it with word-for-word translation, even let the audience feel difficult to understand. It’s hard to play the expected effect of attracting eyeballs. But an excellent translator can turn insipid to miracle. For instance, the American movie Forrest Gump, It is named with the hero’s name. The hero and his name are both fictitious, but the movie interspersed with the real life events which influence the American history. They make the movie in order to reflections on history. Act as a symbol of the spirit, the hero combines many American life history and mental characteristics. If we translated the movie name to the hero’s name, the name will appear inflexible. But the movie’s present name(阿甘正传)take the movie epic sex and interesting as a whole. The Chinese audiences will very natural to associate this with Lu Xun’s novels The True Story of Ah Q, So it broke over distances and unfamiliar feelings, thus Chinese audiences have interests in it. The following name Erin Brockovich(阿莲正传)can also please Chinese audience although there is applying suspicion.Other similar examples: The children’s theme movie Toy Story, if the translator translated it to (玩具的故事),it will be far from standing against its present name(玩具总动员).Toys are the best friends of today’s Chinese only children. Plus with Chinese famous variety children show, so-and-so general mobilization is in bogue. This movie helps parents generously with money. Another popular movie, Spiderman also cause the audience wide-ranging interests. The wise translator translated the English word “man”to“xia(侠)”，the“xia(侠)” is fully demonstrated the actor’s lofty sentiments. Chinese audience always like and worship the chivalrous man who is everywhere. Little redundancy, the NuttyPrefessor(肥佬教授)，Big Momma’s House(卧底肥妈)， Legally Blond(政律俏佳人)can always make us feel Chinese folk custom.Four words idiomsFour words idioms are Chinese character’s distinguishing features. It has special infections. In view of the English language of lacking of Chinese special font structure, the translator can give full play to the advantage of Chinese. This method of translation can fully satisfy Chinese aesthetic psychology and express the artistic conception and the rhythmic beauty that the original lines did not reflect. Four words case in translation practice is widespread use in movies colleagues. One of the numerous examples, Top the Gun(壮志凌云)，the translator is capable of film motif. Try to use the Chinese idiomatic inspiring idiom express the typical American patriotism and individualistic heroism. If the translator is not familiar with the content of the movie but take the words too literally, just translate the word “top” to“顶级”and the “Gun”to“枪杆”，the function of information and beauty of the movie will lost. Another classic love movie Gun with the wind, one of the translation is (飘),but the author think the four words translation(乱世佳人)appears more wonderful. The heroine Scarlett is a special case of women. She is beautiful and she is also ugly; She is firm and weak; She is optimistic , but she is vexed with brain. Even though the war let her nothing, but the nature that makes her like an invincible lion. Even if the wild world would be outbreak of a war of destruction, she is still the only live person. The movie name “乱世”imply the story’s background and “佳人”highlight the heroine’s heavenly beauty character. Since then Vivien Leigh who play the role of Scarlett and the heroine content together, She makes us enchantment and heartbreak for the sake of her smile and tear、her happy and anger. The movie has since become the classic. The four words translation can be found everywhere. The Mask(变相怪杰),The Fugitive(亡命天涯)，Rush Hour(尖峰时刻),Die Hard(虎胆龙威), Under Siege(暴走潜龙),Entrapment (偷天陷阱),The Bodyguard(护花倾情)，Inception(盗梦空间).These examples are all reflected the differences of the two languages in the process of translating and four words idioms ’universality and like sex.Taking implication of single word nameA large amount of the foreign movie’s original name is a single word, it asks for the translator using various means to interpret the theme of the movie. The movie Ghost set the best example for us. It tells the story of a devoted couple Sam and Molly. On the way home in a night, Sam was killed by his friend. Dir apart of Yin and Yang, unable to protect his girlfriend, Sam conquered evilness in the end with the help of goodness. It is a strong love affair. Its translation name (人鬼情未了)narrate an excellent matting for the plot of the story unfold. It build a desolate、mysterious、romantic atmosphere. Thus give the audience a great imagination of the life and death affection. Its commercial charm and artists charm are shown undoubted. Another movie Casino will make the audience puzzled if it is translated to (卡西洛).Now the translator translated it with its Chinese meaning and plus with “风云”，A movie named (赌场风云)stand vividly on the paper. As if all the fighting and revenge in gambling house are in your mind. It happens that there is a similar case, Legend is translated to (魔域传奇),that’s also in consideration of Chinese cultural tradition. Because “风暴”“风云”“传奇”are all reflect Chinese aesthetic orientation. It adds international and aesthetic elements in the meanwhile reflected the original information, thus bring potential business opportunities and considerable box-office income.The Rhetoric of Aesthetical translationRhetoric achieve the aesthetic value .The translator brings aesthetic pleasure by the means of copy or use the rhetoric creatively. For instance, using simile method to translate Gaslight into (郎心如铁)，using iterative method to translate A Few Good Man into (好人寥寥)，using antonym to translate True Lies into（真实的谎言），using rhetoric method to translate the Great Gatsby，Old Wives for New, Love Me Tenderly into(大亨小传)、(旧宠新欢)、(铁汉柔肠).4. The Current Situation of Aesthetical TranslationThe translation of movies’names is not a easy task. Chinese translators still do not have an effective principle for aesthetic translation. It is far from formed a complete system. As the means to achieve language functions, the vision of translation must be more greatly broadened. In any case, As long as the translation theory is objective, it is effective. Working hard to make the efforts to the realization of the function of the language is A focal point of future efforts.Bibliography1.Baker, Mona. Routledge Encyclopedia of Translation Studies[M]. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press，20042.Cameron, Lynne , Graham Low. Researching and Appling Metaphor[M]. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,20013.Eugene A. Nida. Language and Culture: Contexts in Translation[M]. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,20024.Gentzler, Edwin. Contemporary Translation Theories[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press, 20045.Hickey, Leo. The Pragmatics of Translation[M]. Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,20016.Jeremy. Translation Studies: Theoried and Applications[M]. London and New York,20017.Kelly, Jeanne , Nathan K. Mao. Fortress Besieged[J]. Beijing: Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press,2003(12)8.Kotler. Mraketing Management[M]. New Jersey, The Prentice-Hall,1999koff, G & M. Johnson. Metaphors We Live By[J]. Chicago and London: The University of Chicago Press,1980(10)10.Newmark, Peter. A Textbook of Translation[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press，200111. Nida, Eugene A. Toward a Science of Translating[M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,200412. Snell-hornby,Mary. Translation Studies: An Integrated Approach [M]. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press,200113. 陈宏薇.新实用汉译英教程[M].湖北教育出版社,200014. 杜承南.中国当代翻译百论[M].重庆大学出版社,199415. 傅中选.使用翻译美学[M].上海外语教学出版社,199316. 范皓然，邓家慧.看电影[J].2000第12期17. 华先发.新实用英译汉教程[M].湖北教育出版社,200018. 贺莺.电影片名的翻译理论和方法[J].外语教学,2001第22期19. 金丹元.电影美学导论[M].复旦大学出版社,200820. 毛显辉.电影片名及相关术语的翻译[J].中国科技翻译,2001第14期21. 隋荣谊.翻译美学初探[J].外语与外语教学,2007第11期22. 童庆柄主编.文学理论教程[M].北京高等教育出版社,200423. 许渊冲.再谈“意美音美形美”[J].外语学刊，1983第4期24. 杨中.“意、义、译”[J].中国翻译，1995第5期25. 杨自德，王守芳.电影片名翻译的研究与讨论[J].电影评介，2006第10期26. 杨永春,徐显静.接受美学和影视片名意译[J].电影评介,2007第8期AcknowledgementsFirst of all, I would like to extend my sincere gratitude to my tutor, Professor Yang, for her constant encouragement and guidance. She has walked me through all the stages of the writing of this thesis and sacrificed much personal time to help me counseling. Without her consistent and illuminating instruction, this thesis could not have reached its present form.Second, I would like to express my heartfelt gratitude to the other teachers at English Department: Ms. Jiang, Ms. Lu, Ms. Zhao and Ms.Zhang who have instructed and helped me a lot in the past three years.Third, My sincere thanks should also go to the staffs of CNIK website that give me many free precious materials and give me a lot of advices.I also own my result to my deer classmates who have accepted my frequent consultations and left valuable comments.Last but not least, my gratitude also extends to my beloved parents who have been assisting, supporting and caring for me all of my life.Thanks for all your patient listening and careful answers.。
“美学视角”下谈英文电影片名汉译
摘要：电影作为一种世界化、大众化的艺术发展成为文化传播的主要载体，电影业的繁荣发展，使电影片名翻译也被提升到一个较高的位置。
本文从美学视角对英语电影片名翻译作探究，分析英文片名翻译的美学特征，探索英文电影片名翻译的奥秘。
关键词：英文电影；片名；美学；翻译1.电影片名与翻译美学作为一种发展极速的艺术载体，电影是人们喜闻乐见的艺术形式，其观众多、影响大，是其他艺术形式所难以超越的。
一部好的影片，除了演员的精湛演技、精心设计的剧情以及精彩的画面外，一个绝佳的片名对电影的成功起着重要的作用。
从美学角度看，翻译实质上是一种审美活动，它反映了译者的审美素养和审美体验。
电影片名的翻译不仅是翻译问题，而且是美学问题，是在美学的视角下进行的翻译活动，深受主流美学观点的影响，同美学一样有着时代的烙印。
2.英文电影片名汉译要求的美学特征电影片名翻译时要充分考虑电影片名的美学特征，实现片名翻译的简约美、通俗美、新奇美和意境美等审美要素。
2.1简约美因此，译者必须注重片名翻译的简约之美，尽可能使观众“一见钟情”。
2.2通俗美指片名要通俗易懂，被理解并符合观众的审美取向。
topkapi是著名的盗宝题材影片，剧情极具吸引力，topkapi是土耳其托普卡比皇宫博物馆，若音译为《托普卡比》，根本无法引发观众的联想，译为《通天大盗》，则一下子吸引观众目光，令人一目了然。
2.3新奇美2.4意境美经典影片the bridges of madison county直译就是《麦迪逊县的桥》，这译名是很难产生美感的，意译为《廊桥遗梦》，令人耳目一新。
桥在各建筑中最能引发浪漫联想，总能发生一些浪漫的爱情故事。
长“廊”一样的桥象征年复一年的缠绵思念；“遗”代表着失落和遗憾；“梦”告诉我们片中男女主人公的爱情只能是一种梦想。
片名中的每一个字都能引发无尽的联想，堪称体现意境美的经典佳译。
3、美学视角下看英文电影片名汉译的原则3.1重神似把英语电影片名翻译成汉语，既要领会影片名英语的美，更要清楚汉语的美，从而使汉译名成为东西方审美冲突和融合的结果，“蜕变”和“跳出”好的译名。
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纪录片的翻译美学
无锡太湖学院文法学院英语133班作业
中文“纪录片”一词，译自英文documentary,源自法文documentaire。
后来，法国历史学家西当·让·吉鲁进一步考证说，该词自1906年开始与电影发生关联，并在1914年以后成为名词。
20世纪60年代，德国康茨坦学派提出了接受美学理论，该学派从文学史研究出发，一改传统的以作者、作品为中心的理论观点，提出了“走向读者”的口号。
把接受美学中有关读者“期待视野”的观点引进纪录片的字幕翻译研究是本论文的研究兴趣。
纪录片是集娱乐性和教育性于一体的文艺作品，同时其本身也是商品。
纪录片字幕翻译有其独特之处，一方面有别于传统翻译，它除了要遵循双语转换的一般原则外，还受到时间、空间、字数、行数、画面和声音等技术因素的制约；另一方面，纪录片的字幕翻译与其它影视作品的字幕翻译也存在很大的差异，电影电视剧字幕翻译策略并不完全适用于纪录片字幕翻译。
一、庄严美
作为展示国家文化，人文历史的纪录片，它的翻译自然不能同一般影视作品可以用网络用语用一种轻松的语调进行恶搞，所以，纪录片常会采用专业的翻译手法，使得纪录片显得更为严肃。
其中直译法是众译者首先考虑的翻译方法，在翻译文化专项时，能够直译就尽量直译，既保留原文的形象特征，又保留源语的文化特色。
例如历史题材纪录片《敦煌》中的”彩塑“一词，译文：the painted clay sculpture 。
片中提到的彩塑特指敦煌石窟彩塑，即泥塑彩绘的佛祖释迦摩尼和菩萨等人形雕塑，而泥塑是一种古老的民间艺术，因此笔者认为有必要将其材质解释清楚，故加上clay一词。
二、东方美
在中国纪录片中，常会涉及很多专业名词，这时候，一味的意译只会破坏原词的特有的文化内涵。
因此，很多译者在碰到这种情况常会选择用拼音然后在括号内加以注明的方法来保留这个词的文化内涵。
例如“牌坊”一词，译文：paifang(牌坊，a traditional Chinese architectural gating style as an arch for honoring one's virtue or
success )
牌坊，是中国封建社会为表彰功勋，科第，德政以及忠孝节义所立的门形建筑物。
近年来，随着汉语和中国文化的不断发展和传播，越来越多的特色词汇进入了英语世界，直接用拼音表达，如hutong (胡同) toufu（豆腐）等。
三、朦胧美
纪录片中，很多时候常会举出很多例子，或补充或阐释。
这个时候，把原文所有的例子全翻译出来就会显得冗长而又累赘。
因此很多译者会选择“合并同类项”的方法，将有相同性质的合在一起翻，这种以精确译模糊的手段更能彰显朦胧美。
例如：
藏经洞里原来中国传统的四书五经、经史子集也有，有佛教的、道教的等宗教的一些经典。
还有呢，这个官方的文书，也有私人的文书，就是好多经济的文书。
什么户口、账本、地契什么都有，这都是第一手的资料。
译文：
There were all kinds of documents in the Library Cave a t first:Confucian classics,historical books,religious documents and literary works.Aside from some Buddhist and Taoist classi cs,there were a lot of official and personal documents about economic affairs such as residence booklets,account books,tit le deeds for land and so forth.All these were the first-han d data.
分析：这是敦煌研究院院长樊锦诗的讲诉，在中文里，四书五经和经史子集有重叠的部分，因此，这句在翻译中译者并没有按照中文的意思一句一句直译，而是采用浓缩法将这句翻译模糊化，也是我们翻译美学中朦胧美的化用，以精确译模糊。
四、意境美
纪录片的字幕翻译不仅要考虑到国家文化间的差异，当时的时代背景，还要考虑到画面声音和背景音乐。
画外音不仅可以起补充说明的作用，更渲染烘托了片子的氛围，塑造意境。
例如央视纪录片《美丽乡愁—席慕容》中的画外音选段：
其实席慕容的家乡—察哈尔盟明安旗这个名字，早已在内蒙古草原上消失。
如同700多年前建立过的那个曾经如此辉煌和光彩夺目的王朝，在这片废墟上根本无从追寻和想象。
译文:Xi's hometown，Ming’an Banner of Chahar League，has long gone along with any traces of the glorious former Yuan Dynasty that has sunk into the ruins and dust．．
“sunk into the ruins and dust”译文中选择这个词组是充分考虑到出现这段画外音时，画面上出现的是落日下，一个孤寂的身影，元上都的残垣断壁，此译文充分传递出往日辉煌与今日萧条的对比。
所以为了配合这个画面，译者选用了ruins and dust，充分描绘了出废墟的实感，也使叙事更具有震撼的效果。
sink into是表示陷入负面状态的一个正式的动词短语，此处与原文的语域较吻合。
而这样的句式和表达方式也更符合西方人的阅读习惯。
多模态话语的形式层面即实现意义的不同形式系统，主要表现为听觉模态的音乐、语言及其他声音效果和视觉模态的图像、文本等。
典型的多模太话语模式是一种模态的话语不能充分表达其意义，或者无法表达其全部意义，需要借助另一种来补充。
由于纪录片和新闻报告有着累死的正式感，所以以下同时会列举纪录片和新闻的例子。
以下介绍两点多模态话语形式的手法:
五、补充法的直观美
例1：但是，这一年，敦煌城外的一个小人物，不经意地发现他（斯坦因）和这片山崖连在了一起。
译文:However,outside Dunhuang County,a Taoist priest named Wang Yuanlu had inadvertently discorved somgthing that tighly connected Stein with the cliff.
分析：这句话讲述了王道士盒斯坦因之间的关系，中国观众或许对王倒是比较熟悉，但外国观众则不然，原文这种含糊的介绍如果直译会令人摸不着头脑，所以对其进行补充，使意义表达更顺利。
例2:US man Kim Dong-chul jailed for spying in North Korea
译文:朝鲜判美籍韩国间谍十年劳动改造
分析:这是一篇新闻标题，将具体判决的结果翻译了出来，让译文读者能很明确地知道新闻的主要内容以及朝鲜特色的监禁方式。
六、调换顺序法的通顺美
例1：“他是一个孤傲的忠于职守的人，见到生人非常害羞和紧张，脸上不时流露一丝狡猾机警的表情。
”对王道士斯坦因是这样形容的。
译文：Stein's impressions of Wang the Taoist priest was like this:"He was an aloof but responsible man.He was very shy and very nervous when meeting strangers.A cunning expression revealed on his face occasionally."
分析：本片拍摄时运用了表演再现的手法，笔者注意到，在该剧旁白出现时，画面中出现了一个手指灯盏的外国人，毫无疑问他的形象是斯泰因的化身，如果按照原文的顺序翻译，其中的“他”就会产生歧义，因此为了有效地传递信息，实现字幕的积极作用，故调换顺序进行翻译。
例2:First US Zika death reported in US
译文:美国报告第一例塞卡病毒致死病例
分析:译文读者的阅读习惯是喜欢把大概念的放前面，或者把笼统的放前面，把小概念或具体的内容放后面。
故译文将“美国报告”前置，报告的具体内容后置，让读者读起来顺口。
纪录片长期以来都是中国人看世界的一个重要窗口，不断为中国社会和文化注入新鲜的血液。
翻译使本民族语的表达力得到提高，意义得到深化，词汇得以丰富。
用美学这一理论来关照字幕翻译，将能激发译者把翻译文本的接受效果作为追求的整体目标，也能努力提高受众的学养。
作为中外文化的沟通桥梁之一，纪录片对一个国家的面貌起着尤为重要的重要，因此我们需要更多的翻译人才，让中国人民了解外国文化，也让世界人民认识中国文明。