英语学习资料

英语学习资料
英语学习资料

第十七节独立结构

独立结构通常由名词(或代词)+分词,名词(或代词)+形容词,名词(或代词)+不定式,名词(或代词)+介词短语以及名词(或代词)+副词构成。独立结构主要用在书面语中,在日常口语中较为少见。

The girl ran quickly,her friend following. (名词+现在分词)女孩跑得很快,她的朋友紧随其后。

She lay on her back,her hands crossed under her head. (名词+过去分词)她面朝天枕着双手躺在那里。

She turned to him,her dark eyes brilliant and excited. 她转向他,黑黑的眼睛露出激动的神情。

He was silent for a moment,his lips tight. (名词+形容词)他双唇紧闭,沉默了片刻。

They went to the beach,all of them to stay in a hotel. (名词+不定式)他们去海边,所有人都住旅馆。

The soldiers marched down the road,their rifles on their shoulders. 战士们行进在大路上,肩上扛着枪。

Summer over,they returned to school. (名词+副词)夏天过去,他们返校了。

Our work finished,we all went back home. (时间状语)工作干完后,我们都回家了。

独立结构在句中作状语表示时间、原因、条件,伴随动作以及补充说明。

Time being short,we must be in a hurry. (原因状语)时间不多,我们得赶快动身。

Weather permitting,we'll go for an outing tomorrow. (条件状语)如果天气好的话,我们明天就去郊游。

Given enough time,water will dissolve almost any substance. (条件状语)假如时间充分,水几乎可以溶解任何物质。

He sat in a comer,his eyes fixed on the stranger. (伴随动作)他坐在角落里,目不转睛地盯着陌生人。

China has the biggest population in the world,most of the people living in the countryside. (补充说明)中国是世界上人口最多的国家,大部分人住在农村

第十八节倒装

英语句子有两种语序:自然语序和倒装语序。主语在谓语之前时,叫自然语序;如果把谓语动词放在主语前面,这就是倒装语序。倒装语序又可分为全部倒装和部分倒装。将整个谓语放在主语之前,叫全部倒装;如果只是把助动词、情态动词或联系动词be放在主语之前,叫部分倒装。

全部倒装:

Ont rushed the student. 那个学生冲了出来。

Here comes the No.9 bus. 9路公共汽车来了。

部分倒装:

Will you go to a show with me tonight?今天晚上你和我去看演出好吗?

Have you seen any good show lately?你最近看过好的演出吗?

用法:

1.用于疑问句

Do you need me now,professor?教授,你现在需要我的帮助吗?

2.用于以引导词there开头的固定倒装句型中

Long long ago,there lived in Hangzhou a girl called Aqiao. 很久很久以前,有一个生活在杭州的名叫阿巧的小女孩。

3.用于以now,then,next,out,in,up,down,away,there,here等副词开头的句子里

They start as tiny white eggs,and when these hatch,out come little fat white worms. 它们开始是白色的小卵,而当小卵孵化的时候,就出来了白胖的小虫子。

There goes your dinner. 你的饭来了。

4.含有否定意义的副词或连词,hardly,never,seldom,not,not only,little,no

sooner than,not until等放在句首

No sooner had I started to type my paper than the telephone rang. 我刚开始打论文,电话就响了。

5.only所修饰的副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时

Only when that fails shall I leave the ship,but not before that,nor shall any of my crew. 只有当那失败了(指船全部沉入水里)我才离开船,但是在这之前我不会离开,我的任何船员也不会离开。

6.副词so放在句首,代替上文中的形容词、名词或动词等,通常表示前面所说的情况也适用于其他人(或物)。其句型是so+be(have,do,其他助动词或情态动词)+主语

He is a good student. So is Xiao Wu. 他是个好学生,小吴也是。

7.neither,nor放在句首,表示前面所说的否定内容也适用于其他人(或物)。其句型是neither(nor)+be(have,do,其他助动词或情态动词)+主语。

He can't see air. Nor can I,nor can you,nor can anybody. 他看不见空气,我看不见,你看不见,任何人都看不见。

8.虚拟结构中的条件从句省去if时,句中的were,had,should须移至主语之前。

例如:

Had he not stayed up so late last night,he would not have overslept this moming and been late for work. 如果昨天晚上他睡得不这么迟,今天早上他便不会睡过头,上班迟到。

Should you be prepared to reduce the price by 5%,we would place our order with you. 如你方能降价5%,我方可向你方订货。

Should additional insurance coverage be required,the extra premium incurred would be for the buyers' account. 如要求投保附加险,所需额外保险费由买方支付。

9.在某些让步从句里:

Come what may,H1 always stand by you. 不管发生什么情况,我都支持你。

Be it cheap or dear,I will take it. 不管它贵还是便宜,我都要买。

Be it fine or not,I must go. 不管天晴还是下雨,我都要去。

Be that as it may,I must do it. 即便是那样,这事我也必须做。

Young as she was,she did the work well. 虽然她年轻,但这工作她干得很好。

10.在某些表示祝愿的句子里:

May you never forget me!愿你永远记着我!

May you all be happy!祝你们大家快乐!

Long live People's China!人民中国万岁!

11.为了保持句子平衡,或为了强调表语或状语,或使上下文紧密衔接时

And there,glowing with a faint blue light in the glass test-tubes on the tables,was the mysterious something which they had worked so hard to find:Radium. 在那儿,在桌上的玻璃管里,正闪烁着微弱的蓝光,这就是他们付出了极其艰辛的劳动要寻找的那种神秘的东西:镭。

Coming up behind them were warships and gunboats. 紧跟在它们(指小船)后面的是军舰和炮艇。

第十九节省略句

为了避免重复,或因习惯及结构要求,句中可有一个或几个成分被省略。被省略的有主语、谓语、表语、宾语、状语,也可以是主语和谓语或谓语的一部分,这样的句子被称为省略句。

1.省略主语

Beg your pardon. 请再说一遍。

Doesn't matter. 没关系。

2.省略谓语或谓语部分

She was flying to England,and I to China. 她飞往英国,而我去中国。

3.省略宾语

She washed,and her husband ironed the shirts. 她洗衬衫,她丈夫熨。

4.省略主谓

What a pity (it is)you can not join us!你不能加入我们这边,真是遗憾!

(It is)Good to see you again!再见到你真高兴。

5.省略不定式

I meant to invite you,but forgot to (invite you)。我原本想请你的,但后来忘了。

6.并列句中的省略

In 1991 the number of branches of that company increased from nine to fifteen,and in 1994,to thirty. 在1991年,该公司分店从9家增至15家,到1994年又增加到30家。

The scenery was beautiful,and the acting (was)good. 布景很漂亮,演技也好。

The doctor tried to save her life,but (he tried)in vain. 医生设法救她的命,但没有用。

7.在than或as引导的从句中的省略

We should think more of others than of ourselves. 我们应当多想别人,少想自己。

They stayed talking much longer than was strictly necessary. 他们谈了很久,严格来说用不着谈那么久。

Owing to the late arrival of your L/C,shipment cannot be effected as stipulated. 由于你方信用证延迟到达,货物不能按期装运。

8.在某些状语从句中,如谓语中有be,其主语和主句的主语一样,可作部分省略

When completed,the power station will have two 25,000 kw generators. 这座发电厂建成后将有两台两万五千千瓦的发电机。

He worked hard,though still poor in health. 他虽然身体不好,可是工作起来很卖力气。

If necessary,I'll have the contract duplicated. 如果有必要,我要请人把合同复制一下。

Fill the form where necessary. 在需要填的地方填表。

If possible,I should like to have two copies of the document. 可能的话,我希望有两份文件。

第二十节“It”的用法

1.代词it

(1)指除人以外的一切生物和事物。

I hope it was as good as the one you lent me. 我希望它(项链)和你借给我的那条一样好。

I knew at once that it was a gift from Father. 我立刻知道了这(钢琴)是我爸爸给我的礼物。

The more carbon the steel contains,the harder it is. 钢含碳越多,就越硬。

(2)在某种情况下代词“也可以指人。这时可把it看作指示代词。例如:

Is it your brother?是你弟弟吗?

I didn't know it was you. 我不知道是你。

“Oh?who was it?” Mr. Black asked.“哦?是谁?”布莱克先生问。

(3)it作无人称代词时,通常在句中作形式主语,用来表示自然现象、时间、距离等。

①It is nine sharp now. 现在是九点正。

②It is very hot today. 今天天气很热。

③It is far to the airport. 到飞机场很远。

④It is about 17ff million kilometres from the earth to the sun. 从地球到太阳约一亿七千万公里。

2.引导词it

(1)作形式主语,代替由不定式(或不定式复合结构)、动名词或从句表示的真正的主语。

As a student,it is bad manners to come late to class. 作为一个学生,上课迟到是没有礼貌的。

It is possible that he will find the lost stamp. 他有可能找到遗失了的邮票。

(2)作形式宾语,代替其后所说的真正的宾语。真正的宾语是由不定式、动名词或从句表示的。

This has made it necessary for agriculture and industry to develop very quickly. 这就使得工农业必须飞速发展。

You may think it strange that anyone would live there. 你也许感到奇怪,居然有人愿意住在那儿。

The invention of radio has made it possible for mankind to communicate with each other ever a long distance. 无线电的发明使人类有可能进行远距离通讯联络。

3.用于强调结构中的it

为了强调句子的某一部分(通常是主语、宾语或状语),常用it作先行代词,这种

结构的句型是:It+is(was)+被强调的部分+that(或who)+其他部分,如果强调的

部分是人时须用who,而不用that.

It is the force of gravity that makes heavy things fall toward the ground. (强调主语)是地心引力使重物落向地面。

It is from the sun that we get light and heat. (强调状语)正是从太阳那里我们得到了光和热。

It was the goals eyes that he had seen in the darkness. 他在黑暗中看见的是山羊的眼睛。(强调宾语)

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新标准大学英语综合教程3_课后答案_Unit_1_3

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小学1-6年级英语学习资料大全 ?资料如下 一、单词 Unit 1 学习文具: pen (钢笔) pencil (铅笔) pencil-case ( 铅笔盒) ruler(尺子) eraser(橡皮) crayon (蜡笔) book (书) bag (书包) sharpener (卷笔刀) school (学校) Unit 2 身体部位: head (头) face( 脸) nose (鼻子) mouth (嘴) eye (眼睛) leg (腿) ear (耳朵) arm (胳膊) finger (手指) leg (腿) foot (脚) body (身体) Unit 3 颜色: red (红色的) yellow (黄色的) green (绿色的) blue (蓝色的) purple (紫色的) white (白色的) black (黑色的) orange (橙色的) pink (粉色的) brown (棕色的) Unit 4 动物:

cat (猫) dog (狗) monkey (猴子) panda (熊猫) rabbit( 兔子) duck (鸭子) pig (猪) bird (鸟) bear (熊) elephant (大象) mouse (老鼠) squirrel (松鼠) Unit 5 食物: cake (蛋糕) bread (面包) hot dog (热狗) hamburger (汉堡包) chicken (鸡肉) French fries (炸薯条) coke (可乐) juice (果汁) milk (牛奶) water (水) tea (茶) coffee (咖啡) Unit 6 数字: one (一) two (二) three (三) four (四) five (五) six( 六) seven (七) eight (八) nine( 九) ten( 十) doll (玩具娃娃) boat (小船) ball (球) kite (风筝) balloon (气球) car (小汽车) plane (飞机) 二.、对话 1、向别人问好应该说 A: Hello! (你好!) B: Hi! (你好!)

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人文英语1复习资料

Happy New Year! The same to you. Haven't seen you for ages, Mike. How's it going?Pretty good. Everything goes well. He made up a good excuse for staying at home. Hello, May I speak to Zhang Hua? One moment, please. I'm afraid he isn't in at the moment. Hello,can I speak to Liu Hui,please?Yes,speaking. Hello,I'm to meet to meet you,too. Here you are, you very much. Hi!How are you doing?I'm doing well. Hi, Tom, how's everything with you? Hmmm, not too bad .and how are you? Hi,Liu you got something on your mind?Hmmm,I am a little upset. Hi,Wnag Xin,nice to meet you! Hi,Liu Hui,nice to meet you. How about going to the class together? That sounds great How are you feeling now?Much better. How fast were you driving?Less than 50 miles per hour. I can show you around,if you can't wait. I was worried about my driving test,but I passed !That's not easy. I won the first prize in today's speech contest. Congratulations! I won the first prize in today's speech ! Is that Jim speaking?No. This is Tom Seat belts save 's true,I agree. Thank you for sharing this with me. My pleasure! The first day of June is International Children's Day. The old lady blamed Tom for breaking the window. Tomorrow will be fine,Shall we go out for a picnic?Sounds great! What color is his hair? It's dark brown. What is your major?Education. What would you usually do on Mid-Autumn Day? People will eat moon cakes and enjoy the beautiful full moon. Why did you stop my car,police officer?Your driver's license just ran a red light. Would you like to come to my house for dinner Sunday night? All right! Thanks for inviting me. You won the first prize in the Physics competition. You must be joking I made several terrible mistakes. 词汇与结构 A student will probably attend four or five courses during each semester. A number of students are playing on the ground. Are you a member of the household? I'm her brother. As a result of his hard work,he has gained admission to the Beijing University. Bai Mei don't know Liu Hui, so Zhuang Hua introduce her to Liu Hui. Don't forget to put on your seat belt when you're driving. Even though he left school at 16,he still managed to become a great writer. He can't have gone to Shanghai for I saw him a minute ago. He did not comment on my proposal about the new project. He gave no indication of being a suspect. He is going to give her a beautiful hat on her next birthday. He suggested that the drunk driver be punished. He usually suffers from headache. I am very pleased to be a member of the household . I enjoy reading books in the library.I hope our plan will be approved by the board. I saw him steal ,and afterwards he was caught by the police. I thought you might like something to I have brought you some books. I would like to do the job as long as you don't force me to study. I would overcome any weakness and any fear. 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People renamed Albrecht’s drawing “The Praying Hands” because they just wanted to pay homage to his great achievement. Section B Passage Reading Passage 1 Valentine’s Day probably has its origin in the ancient Roman celebration called Lupercalia(牧神节). It was celebrated on February 15. In the Roman calendar February was in the spring. The celebration honored the gods Lupercus and Faunus as well as the twin brothers Romulus and Remus, the legendary founders of Rome. As part of the ceremony the priests paired up young men and women. The girls’ names were placed in a box and each boy drew a girl’s name. The couple was paired then until the next Lupercalia. In 260 AD the emperor Claudius II, called Claudius the Cruel, decided that young soldiers would only be distracted by marriage and so ordered that young men may not marry. Valentinus (Valentine), a Christian priest, defied the emperor and got married in secret. He was caught and executed on February 14, the eve of Lupercalia. His name became associated with young love forever after. In 496, Pope Gelasius set aside February 14 to honor him as Saint Valentine and it has been St. Valentine’s Day ever since. In the Middle Ages some of the customs of the Lupercalia still persisted in spite of the attempts of the Church to put an end to these non-Christian customs and Christianize the holiday. Both men and women drew names from a bowl to see who their valentines would be. They would wear the names on their sleeves for a week. Today we still sometimes “wear our hearts on our sleeves” when we cannot conceal our feelings. In the 1600s, it became common to give flowers, particularly the rose, as a sign of love as the “language of flowers”. This came to Europe from Turkey. The color and placement of the rose held a special significance--a red rose, for example, meant beauty. Flowers have been part of Valentine’s Day ever since. D 11. What does the passage mainly tell us? A. The custom of Valentine’s Day. B. A story about how Valentinus defied the emperor. C. The relationship between marriage and religion. D. The origin of Valentine’s Day. B 12. Young soldiers were not allowed to marry because the emperor was afraid that ______. A. they would associate with St. Valentine B. they wouldn’t concentrate on their job C. they would defy the emperor’s order D. they were too young to marry

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