2015雅思IELTS阅读复习资料
2015年03月21日雅思阅读考题回顾
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心 徐航考试日期 2015年3月21日Reading Passage 1TitleExploration and Exploitation 发现新大陆（历史类）V130606 Question types 判断题 7题句子填空 6题文章内容回顾 哥伦布发现新大陆的时间英国人也去过。
1864年出发，因为各种原因被阻止，最终带了17个人出发，发现新大陆并且记载，但并没有被流传。
后来有一个人去了但没有记载和证据。
再后来他儿子在那里发展了捕鱼业。
提到南欧和北欧人对鱼的保存方式不同，北欧和挪威人一样dry fish, 但南欧因为地处海边所以用大量盐来处理鱼，对这点有详细的比较说明。
有一个Dr 对这种不同做了详细的比较。
最后一段提到了account 。
1-7判断题1. True2. False3. Not Given4. True5. False6. Not Given7. True8-13句子填空8. 葡萄牙人的船队最远到Africa9. 他们的ships 被大量鱼阻碍10. 南欧人在18世纪储存鱼用salt相关原文阅读First voyage12 October 1492 – Christopher Columbus discovers The Americas for Spain, painting by John Vanderlyn.On the evening of 3 August 1492, Columbus departed from Palos de la Fronterawith three ships: a larger carrack, the Santa María ex-Gallega ("Galician"), and two smaller caravels, the Pinta ("The Pint", "The Look", or "The Spotted One") and the Santa Clara, nicknamed the Niña (lit. "Girl") after her owner Juan Niño of Moguer. The monarchs forced the Palos inhabitants to contribute to the expedition. The Santa María was owned by Juan de la Cosa and captained by Columbus. The Pinta and the Niña were piloted by the Pinzón brothers (Martín Alonso and Vicente Yáñez).Columbus first sailed to the Canary Islands, which belonged to Castile, where he restocked the provisions and made repairs. After stopping over in Gran Canaria, he departed from San Sebastián de La Gomera on 6 September, for what turned out to be a five-week voyage across the ocean. A lookout on the Pinta, Rodrigo de Triana (also known as Juan Rodríguez Bermeo), spotted land about 2:00 on the morning of 12 October, and immediately alerted the rest of the crew with a shout. Thereupon, the captain of the Pinta, Martín Alonso Pinzón, verified the discovery and alerted Columbus by firing a lombard. Columbus later maintained that he himself had already seen a light on the land a few hours earlier, thereby claiming for himself the lifetime pension promised by Ferdinand and Isabella to the first person to sight land.Columbus called the island (in what is now The Bahamas) San Salvador; the natives called it Guanahani. Exactly which island in the Bahamas this corresponds to is unresolved. Based on primary accounts and based on what one would expect based on the geographic positions of the islands given Columbus's venture's course, the prime candidates are San Salvador Island (so named in 1925 on the theory that it was Columbus' San Salvador), Samana Cay, and Plana Cays.The indigenous people he encountered, the Lucayan, Taíno, or Arawak, were peaceful and friendly. Noting their gold ear ornaments, Columbus took some of the Arawaks prisoner and insisted that they guide him to the source of the gold.From the entry in his journal of 12 October 1492, in which he wrote of them, "Many of the men I have seen have scars on their bodies, and when I made signs to them to find out how this happened, theyindicated that people from other nearby islands come to San Salvador to capture them; they defend themselves the best they can. I believe that people from the mainland come here to take them as slaves. They ought to make good and skilled servants, for they repeat very quickly whatever we say to them. I think they can very easily be made Christians, for they seem to have no religion. If it pleases our Lord, I will take six of them to Your Highnesses when I depart, in order that they may learn our language."Columbus remarked that their lack of modern weaponry and metal-forged swords or pikes was a tactical vulnerability, writing, "I could conquer the whole of them with 50 men, and govern them as I pleased."Columbus also explored the northeast coast of Cuba, where he landed on 28 October. On 22 November, Martín Alonso Pinzón took the Pinta on an unauthorized expedition in search of an island called "Babeque" or "Baneque", which the natives had told him was rich in gold. Columbus, for his part, continued to the northern coast of Hispaniola, where he landed on 5 December.There, the Santa María ran aground on Christmas Day 1492 and had to be abandoned. The wreck was used as a target for cannon fire to impress the native peoples. Columbus was received by the native cacique Guacanagari, who gave him permission to leave some of his men behind. Columbus left 39 men, includingLuis de Torres, the Converso interpreter, who spoke Hebrew and Arabic, and founded the settlement of La Navidad at the site of present-day Bord de Mer de Limonade, Haiti. Columbus took more natives prisoner and continued his exploration. He kept sailing along the northern coast of Hispaniola with a single ship, until he encountered Pinzón and the Pinta on 6 January.On 13 January 1493, Columbus made his last stop of this voyage in the New World. He landed on the Samaná Peninsula, where he met the hostile Ciguayos who presented him with his only violent resistance during his first voyage to the Americas. The Ciguayos had refused to trade the amount of bows and arrows that Columbus desired; in the ensuing violence two were stabbed to death. Because of this and because of the Ciguayos' use of arrows, he called the inlet where he met them the Bay of Arrows (or Gulf of Arrows). Today, the place is called the Bay of Rincón, in Samaná, the Dominican Republic. Columbus kidnapped about 10 to 25 natives and took them back with him (only seven or eight of the native Indians arrived inSpain alive, but they made quite an impression onSeville).Columbus headed for Spain on the Niña, but after a stop in the Azores a storm forced him to separate from the Pinta and into the port at Lisbon. He anchored next to the King's harbor patrol ship on 4 March 1493 in Portugal and was interviewed by Bartolomeu Dias, whose rounding of the Cape of Good Hope a few years earlier in 1488–1489 had complicated Columbus's attempts for funding from the Portuguese court. After spending more than one week in Portugal, and paying his respects to Eleanor of Viseu, he set sail for Spain. Ferdinand Magellan was a young boy and a ward of Eleanor's court; it is likely he saw Columbus during this visit. After departing, and after reportedly being saved from assassins by John II of Portugal, Columbus crossed the bar of Saltes and entered the harbor of Palos on 15 March 1493. Word of his finding new lands rapidly spread throughout Europe.Columbus's second voyageColumbus left the port of Cadiz on 24 September 1493, with a fleet of 17 ships carrying 1,200 men and the supplies to establish permanent colonies in the New World. The passengers included priests, farmers, and soldiers, who would be the new colonists. This reflected the new policy of creating not just "colonies of exploitation", but also "colonies of settlement" from which to launch missions dedicated to converting the natives to Christianity. Modern studies suggest that, as reported by the Washington Post, "crew members may have included free black Africans who arrived in the New World about a decade before the slave trade began."As in the first voyage, the fleet stopped at the Canary Islands, from which it departed on 13 October, following a more southerly course than on the previous expedition. On 3 November, Columbus sighted a rugged island that he named Dominica (Latin for Sunday); later that day, he landed at Marie-Galante, which he named Santa María la Galante. After sailing past Les Saintes (Los Santos, "The Saints"), he arrived at the island of Guadeloupe, which he named Santa María de Guadalupe de Extremadura, after the image of the Virgin Mary venerated at the Spanish monastery of Villuercas, inGuadalupe, Cáceres, Spain. He explored that island from 4 to 10 November.Michele da Cuneo, Columbus' childhood friend from Savona, sailed with Columbus during the second voyage and wrote: "In my opinion, since Genoa was Genoa, there was never born a man so wellequipped and expert in the art of navigation as the said lord Admiral." Columbus named the small island of "Saona ... to honor Michele da Cuneo, his friend from Savona."题型难度分析历史类文章是近期考试的高频，多去阅读同类型话题文章，增加对西方历史背景的熟悉度。
2015年02月12日雅思阅读考题回顾
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心徐航考试日期 2015年2月12日Reading Passage 1Title Role of Managers / What do managers do? 经理人角色（管理类）Question types 分类题6题判断题TRUE/ FALSE/NOT GIVEN 5题多选题2题文章内容回顾原文是关于manager的新研究及研究结果。
介绍管理学大师亨利·明茨伯格(Henry Mintzberg)的经理角色理论。
1-6分类题：文中提到明氏对经理人角色的3种分类：A. 说经理人主要发挥的是仪式性的角色作用，如同大学校长颁发毕业证书，还包括人员的招聘培训等。
B. 主要是信息的发布和联络人。
C. 实际决策作用。
问某种行为属于第几种：1. 负责企业的发展计划(scheme) 选：C2. 主持仪式选：A3. 使用资金选：C4. 研究竞争对手动向选：B5. 告知员工消息选：B6. 招聘新人选：A7-11判断题TRUE/ FALSE/NOT GIVEN:7. 说以前关于经理人角色的理论不容易理解，原文说了以前的理论非常的simple。
FALSE8. 说MS的理论挑战了以前well established的理论。
TRUE9. NOT GIVEN10. FALSE11. FALSE12-13多选题：最后两段说了MS学者的理论的积极面是哪两点？12. 选：B（带divide的选项）原文倒数第二段说elaborate classification。
13. 选：E（带fresh way的选项）原文最后一段说关于经理人角色理论，要give a new insight。
相关原文阅读The role of a Development Manager can be a very stressful one. You are the "man in the middle'', being pulled in different directions by management, customers, sales, developers etc.. If you are doing your job well nobody notices: things work fluently, the work gets done without drama and everyone gets what they want. If things go wrong, no matter what the cause, then it is your fault.The secret to being successful as a Development Manager is managing expectations and making sure everyone understands your role is the first step. Both you, and the people you work, with need to agree on what is expected of you as a Development Manager.I have seen job postings for Development Managers that leave me shaking my head. One required in depth knowledge of a large number of a programming languages and environments, in another the position was 66% (why not 2/3rds?) programming, still others required PMO certification and this list could go on. While I agree the role of the Development Manager is sort of nebulous, job postings like these give me the feeling that the companies posting the jobs really have not thought about the role. This is a recipe for disaster for both the company and anyone hired under these conditions.As Development Manager you have a number of responsibilities, but the primary one is to get a product out the door. Your goal is deliver results to the customer, or market, and do everything necessary to achieve this. To do this you need to make sure the development team is able to work as efficiently as possible and this means making sure they have clear goals, both short term and long term, and that nothing prevents them from doing their work. From the initial project scope to deploying the product out to customer sites, each step is your responsibility. You can, and should, delegate as much as you can but be ready to check that things are being done as you want and be ready to jump in if it is not.Project ScopingAs Development Manager you need to know how to scope out a project. Depending on your organization and how you work with outside groups this could be a major part of your work. If you regularly take on projects on behalf of 3rd parties, then you should know how to respond to an RFP (Request For Proposal), complete with Deliverables, Time Lines, Budget etc.. Even if you only deal with internal projects, without a formal document system, you should get in the habit of putting together a Project Scope Document for every project. Also, if you are practicing Agile development, thesedocuments need to be living things and maintained and updated as the project progresses.Over Head ProjectsThis is part of Project Scoping, but it deserves a separate paragraph. I’ve heard people talk about “Over Head” projects that don’t need a budget and time line. This is so wrong! A failure to work out what the cost and deliverables are on these “Over Head” projects can stifle your team as they eat into your schedule and divert resources away from other work. Every project you undertake has at least an internal cost and at least one deliverable. You need to be able to negotiate both with the other stake holders for everything you undertake.Managing RelationshipsRemember, you are the ''man in the middle'' and any failures are going to belong to you, even if the cause is something beyond your control. You need to keep good and open relationships with the people involved.Get to know not just your immediate boss, but who he reports to and the people who are on the same level. You also need to get to know other stake holders on the projects you manage. Make sure they are ''in the Loop'' and get regular status updates and have good visibility on what your team is doing.Who handles customer relations? Besides your boss, this is probably the most important person you need to get to know. They can manage customer expectations, handle complaints (real or imagined) and provide critical customer contacts. On the other hand they can make your life miserable, making promises to customers without checking with you, posting bug reports that are unnecessary, pestering you to deliver on unrealistic time lines etc.Get to know you team, how long have they been with the company, what are the individual strengths and weaknesses? Who works well with whom? How busy are they? Keep track of little things like birthdays, anniversaries, etc.. Just acknowledging these little things make for sense of community.Making sure that management knows what you are working on and can see your progress is critical to keeping them happy. Communication and visibility are key getting this to work. I have used all sorts of tools to keep management in the loop and discover more all the time. Keep a tool box of programs, bulletin boards, whiteboards and anything else you can think of and keep them up-to-date. If the stakeholders understand the challenges you and your team are experiencing then they are less likely have unreal expectation. I say less likely, but not never. Some management will never understand why things don’t just ''work''. In these cases it may be time to start looking for another job.题型难度分析第一篇是经典机经旧文，版本号V091219, 收录在很多机经原文练习里。
2015年1雅思阅读真题回忆
Passage 1 ： 题⽬：Seed Hunting 内容：濒危种⼦ 题型：填空概括题4+判断题6+多选题2 题号：旧题 ⽂章参考： Seed Hunting With quarter of the world's plants set to vanish within the next 50 years, Alexander reports on the scientists working against the clock the preserve the Earth's botanical heritage. They travel the four comers of the globe, scouringjungles，forests and savannas. But they‘re not looking for ancient artefacts，lost treasure or undiscovered tombs. Just pods. It may lack the romantic allure of archaeology, or the whiff of danger that accompanies going after big game, but seed hunting is an increasingly serious business. Some seek seeds for profit hunters in the employ of biotechnologyfirms，pharmaceutical companies and private corporations on the lookout for species that will yield the drugs or crops of the future. Others collect to conserve, working to halt the sad slide into extinction facing so many plant species. Among the pioneers of this botanical treasure hunt was John Trade scant, an English royal gardener who brought back plants and seeds from his journeys abroad in the early 1600s. Later， the English botanist Sir Joseph Banks-who was the first director of the Royal Botanic Gardens at Kew and travelled with Captain James Cook on his voyages near the end of the 18th century—was so driven to expand his collections that he sent botanists around the world at his own expense. Those heady days of exploration and discovery may be over, but they have been replaced by a pressing need to preserve our natural history for the future. This modem mission drives hunters such as Dr Michiel van Slageren，a good-natured Dutchman who often sports a wide-brimmed hat in the field⼀he could easily be mistaken for the cinematic hero Indiana Jones. He and three other seed hunters work at the Millennium Seed Bank，an 80 million [pounds sterling] international conservation project that aims to protect the world's most endangered wild plant species. The group's headquarters are in a modem glass-and-concrete structure on a 200-hectare Estate at Wakehurst Place in the West Sussex countryside. Within its underground vaults are 260 million dried seeds from 122 countries, all stored at -20 Celsius to survive for centuries. Among the 5，100 species represented are virtually all of Britain's 1,400 native seed-bearing plants, the most complete such collection of any country‘s flora. Overseen by the Royal botanic gardens, the Millennium Seed Bank is the world's largest wild-plant depository. It aims to collect 24,000 species by 2010. The reason is simple: thanks to humanity’s efforts，an estimated 25 percent of the world's plants are on the verge of extinction and may vanish within 50 years. We're currently responsible for habitat destruction on an unprecedented scale，and during the past 400 years，plant species extinction rates have been about 70 times greater than those indicated by the geological record as being ‘normal’. Experts predict that during the next 50 years a further one billion hectares of wilderness will be converted to farmland in developing countries alone. The implications of this loss are enormous. Besides providing staple food crops，plants are a source of many machines and the principal supply of fuel and building materials in many parts of the world. They also protect soil and help regulate the climate. Yet，across the globe，plant species are being driven to extinction before their potential benefits are discovered. The world Conservation Union has listed 5,714 threatened species is sure to be much higher. In the UK alone, 300 wild plant species are classified as endangered. The Millennium Seed Bank aims to ensure that even if a plant becomes extinct in the wild，it won‘t be lost forever. Stored seeds can be used the help restore damaged or destroyed environment or in scientific research to find new benefits for society- in medicine, agriculture or local industry- that would otherwise be Seed banks are an insurance policy to protect the world’s plant heritage for the future, explains Dr Paul Smith，another Kew seed hunter. "Seed conservation techniques were originally developed by farmers，" he says. "Storage is the basis what we do，conserving seeds until you can use them-just as in farming." Smith says there's no reason why any plant species should become extinct，given today’s technology. But he admits that the biggest challenge is finding，naming and categorising all the world's plants. And someone has to gather these seeds before it’s too late. "There aren't a lot of people out there doing this，" he says." The key is to know the flora from a particular area, and that knowledge takes years to acquire." There are about 1,470 seed banks scattered around the globe，with a combined total of 5.4 million samples，of which perhaps two million are distinct non-duplicates. Most preserve genetic material for agriculture use in order to ensure cropdiversity; others aim to conserve wild species，although only 15 per cent of all banked plants are wild. Many seed banks are themselves under threat due to a lack of funds. Last year, Imperial College, London，examined crop collections from 151 countries and found that while the number of plant samples had increased in two thirds of the countries，budget had been cut in a quarter and remained static in another 35 per cent. The UN's Food and Agriculture Organization and the Consultative Group on International Agricultural Research has since set up the Global Conservation Trust，which aims to raise US $260 million to protect seed banks in perpetuity. 题⽬参考： Question 14-19 TRUE/FALSE/ NOT GIVEN 14. The purpose of collecting seeds now is different from the past. True 15. The millennium seed bank is the earliest seed bank. Not given 16. One of major threats for plant species extinction is farmland expansion into wildness. True 17. The approach that scientists apply to store seeds is similar to that used by farmers. True 18. Technological development is the only hope to save plant species. False 19. The works of seed conservation are often limited by financial problems. True Question 20-24 Summary Some people collect seeds for the purpose of protecting certain species from 20 extinction; others collect seeds for their ability to produce 21 drugs，crops. They are called seed hunters. The 22 pioneers of them included both gardeners and botanists, such as 23 Sir Joseph Banks，who financially supported collectors out of his own pocket. The seeds collected are usually stored in seed banks，one of which is the famous millennium seed bank，where seeds are all stored in the 24 underground vaults at a low temperature. Question 25-26 Multiple choice Which TWO of the following are provided by plants to the human? AB A food B fuels C clothes D energy E commercial products (顺序可能有误，仅供参考) Passage 2 : 题⽬：Implication of False Belief Experiments 内容：错误信念实验 题型：段落信息配对题7+概括题7 参考⽂章：(⽂章为部分回忆贫选，仅供参考) Implication of False Belief Experiments A A considerable amount of research since the mid 1980s has been concerned with what has been termed children’s theory of mind. This involves children’s ability to understand that people can have different beliefs and representations of the world -a capacity that is shown by four years of age. Furthermore, this ability appears to be absent in children with autism. The ability to work out what another person is thinking is clearly an important aspect of both cognitive and social development. Furthermore, one important explanation for autism is that children suffering from this condition do not have a theory of mind (TOM). Consequently, the development of children’s TOM has attracted considerable attention. B Wimmer and Pemer devised a 'false belief task5 to address this question. They used some toys to act out the followingstory. Maxi left some chocolate in a blue cupboard before he went out. When he was away his mother moved the chocolate to a green cupboard. Children were asked to predict where Maxi will look for his chocolate when he returns. Most children under four years gave the incorrect answer，that Maxi will look in the green cupboard. Those over four years tended to give the correct answer, that Maxi will look in the blue cupboard. The incorrect answers indicated that the younger children did not understand that Maxi’s beliefs and representations no longer matched the actual state of the world, and they failed to appreciate that Maxi will act on the basis of his beliefs rather than the way that the world is actually organised. C A simpler version of the Maxi task was devised by Baron-Cohen to take account of criticisms that younger children may have been affected by the complexity and too much information of the story in the task described above. For example, the child is shown two dolls， Sally and Anne, who have a basket and a box，respectively. Sally also has a marble，which she places in her basket，and then leaves to take a walk. While she is out of the room，Anne takes the marble from the basket, eventually putting it in the box. Sally returns, and the child is then asked where Sally will look for the marble. The child passes the task if she answers that Sally will look in the basket，where she put the marble; the child fails the task if she answers that Sally will look in the box，where the child knows the marble is hidden，even though Sally cannot know, since she did not see it hidden there. In order to pass the task，the child must be able to understand that another’s mental representation of the situation is different from their own，and the child must be able to predict behavior based on that understanding. The results of research using false-belief tasks have been fairly consistent: most normally-developing children are unable to pass the tasks until around age four. D Leslie argues that，before 18 months，children treat the world in a literal way and rarely demonstrate pretence. He also argues that it is necessary for the cognitive system to distinguish between what is pretend and what is real. If children were not able to do this, they would not be able to distinguish between imagination and reality. Leslie suggested that this pretend play becomes possible because of the presence of a de-coupler that copies primary representations to secondary representations. For example, children，when pretending a banana is a telephone, would make a secondary representation of a banana. They would manipulate this representation and they would use their stored knowledge of 'telephone5 to build on this pretence. E There is also evidence that social processes play a part in the development of TOM. Meins and her colleagues have found that what they term mindmindedness in maternal speech to six-month old infants is related to both security of attachment and to TOM abilities. Mindmindedness involves speech that discusses infants5 feelings and explains their behaviour in terms of mental states (e. g. < you’re feeling hungry’).。
2015年03月28日雅思阅读考题回顾
雅思考试阅读考题回顾朗阁海外考试研究中心王婧考试日期2015年3月28日Reading Passage 1Title 扣子的历史Question types TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN 5题Complete Sentences 8题部分答案1-5 TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN1. TRUE2. FALSE3. NOT GIVEN4. TRUE5. FALSE6-13 Complete Sentences6. dressers7. materials8. diamonds9. portraits10. box11. plastics12. zips13. jet题型技巧分析TRUE/FALSE/NOT GIVEN: 首先注意定位，该题型为顺序题型，注意同义替换以及FALSE和NOT GIVEN的辨析。
FALSE是题目与文章的对立，而NOT GIVEN则是题目与文章不呈现关联。
该篇文章虽然是新题，但难度不大，是历史类文章。
剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑5 TEST 4Reading Passage 2Title 仿生学Question types Matching 4题Summary 5题Multiple Choice 4题难度分析新题，管理类文章，配对4题，填空5题，选择4题，虽然题型较多，但是难度一般。
部分考题答案14-17 Matching14. 选：G15. 选：E16. 选：B17. 选：I18-22 Summary18. dawn19. fog20. breeze21. moth22. roof23-26 Multiple Choice23. 选：C24. 选：D25. 选：B26. 选：A剑桥雅思推荐原文练习剑6 TEST 1Reading Passage 3Title 医学Question types MatchingMultiple choiceYES /NO /NOT GIVEN 6题文章内容回顾Placebo effect安慰剂的效应Conventional doctor和alternative doctor部分考题答案27-34 Matching & Multiple choice27. 选：C28. 选：G29. 选：D30. 选：B31. 选：H32. 选：D33. 选：A32. 选：D33. 选：A34. 选：A35-40 YES /NO /NOT GIVEN35. NO36. NOT GIVEN37. NOT GIVEN38. NO39. YES40. YES题型技巧分析单选题：答案是文中出现的信息，同义替换即可，不要画蛇添足，加入自己的主观想象。
2015年7月25日雅思阅读真题回顾
智 课 网 雅 思 备 考 资 料2015年7月25日雅思阅读真题回顾本文智课小编为大家整理了关于2015年7月25日雅思阅读机经的详细内容，希望对大家备考雅思阅读有所帮助，更多雅思机经请关注智课教育雅思频道。
Reading Passage 1Title：History of RefrigerationQuestion types：特殊词配对+长句配对内容回顾：制冷剂历史上的标志性年份和事件。
题型难度分析：带词库摘要题和长句配对很少第一题型出现，难度中等偏上，考生平常练习一定要各种题型都兼顾，才能确定备考的万无一失。
题型技巧分析：带词库摘要题做题步骤：Step1根据标题和首句预判范围Step2预判空格词性，内容(填空题大部分填名词)Step3划空格前后定位词(空格前后往往有同意替换)Step3定位找答案(带词库的的题乱序概率比较大)剑桥雅思推荐原文练习C5T2P1, C8T1P1和C8T2P1Reading Passage 2Title：An Alternative Approach of Farming in HondurasQuestion types ：摘要填空5道，配对题6道，多选题2道文章内容回顾：洪都拉斯雨林的新农耕参考答案：参考答案(可能与原文有出入)：14-19 段落信息配对题14. why does the previous mode of farmingneed constantly changing places?——A(村庄周围的土地资源早已枯竭，农民不得不长途跋涉2-3小时到山上去工作)15. the new working mode does not care whothe operator is.——F(农业可以让所有家庭成员都参与，并解释了为什么)16. a kind of material that must be added——F(inexpensive nitrogen, cook fuel)17. how the new mode of farming (IAC)imitates the process of forest.——D(一个人发明了这种农耕方式，并说明在自然状态下树叶自然掉落在地上以后可以为土壤增加养分)18. why farmers have to continue theunattainable farming on the infertile land——B(因为土地稀缺)19. a description of the cost of using thisnew approach of planting crops——C(需要分离出一部分土地来中暑，并且要等树长成但不会影响农民的生计)20-24 摘要填空题The government and Dr. Hans promoted the approach of shifting agriculture and recycling of fertilizers without too much attention , because it is lack of light so that weeds and grass will not survive. The pruned branches would be put on the ground to form a thick layer of decomposing leaves . The crops would get nutrients from the holes . This approach poses no risk on farmers’ livelihood .25-26 多选题What are the benefits of new approach of farming?A. More family members are involvedB. This technology will increase new species of local plantC. The same land can be recycledD. The new approach requires more labor than the traditional one题型难度分析：段落配考察信息的查找能力，乱序，难度较大，需要烤鸭短时记忆题干的能力，在文章中筛选出有效信息。