12单元测试题
外研版英语八年级上册Module 12 单元测试试题(有附加题)含答案
Module 12 HelpWritten test part （共95分）Ⅰ. 单项选择(共15分，每小题1分)从各题后所给的四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
( )1. Jack hurt ________ arm this morning and now he's in ________ pain.A. a; 不填B. an; aC. an; theD. the; 不填( )2. You'd better stay ________ a table during an earthquake.A. inB. onC. underD. with( )3. Dad often warns me ________ the heavy traffic on busy streets.A. toB. forC. atD. about ( )4. —I can't ________ life without water or air.—Me neither.A. developB. imagineC. produceD. believe ( )5. In libraries, people should ________ quiet.A. causeB. increaseC. wishD. keep( )6. —Are the glasses Jenny's?—No, they ________ be hers. She doesn't wear glasses.A. canB. can'tC. mustD. mustn't ( )7. Mr Wang can't find his bike anywhere. It ________ be lost.A. shouldB. shouldn'tC. mustD. mustn't ( )8. —Look! A man is lying on the road. Shall we ________?—No. Let's call 120 first.A. cheer him onB. cheer on himC. lift him upD. lift up him ( )9. ________, Tokyo is a good place to visit.A. In peaceB. In shortC. In dangerD. In time ( )10. —What can I do ________ strong?—You can do some sports.A. becomeB. becomingC. becameD. to become ( )11. —What should I do when I meet someone for the first time?—________, you should shake hands with him or her.A. From time to timeB. All the timeC. From now onD. First of all( )12. ________ along this road and you can find the park.A. WalkB. To walkC. WalkingD. Walks( )13. They are ________ lovely pandas ________ all people love them.A. so; thatB. such; thatC. so; asD. such; as( )14. If you have trouble ________ English, I can help you.A. speakB. speakingC. to speakD. spoke( )15. —Let's go swimming this weekend.—________A. Me too.B. Bad luck!C. Hang on.D. Good idea!Ⅱ. 完形填空(共10分，每小题1分)先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
Module 12 单元测试题 2021—2022学年外研版八年级英语上册
Module 12 测试卷第Ⅰ卷(选择题,共计65分)Ⅰ.单项选择(共15小题;每小题1分,满分15分)()1.Mr Smith met with accident while on holiday in France and accident happened during the rush hour.A.a; aB.an; anC.a; theD.an; the()2.—Is that girl under the tree Mary?—No, it be her. She is in Beijing now.A.can’tB.needn’tC.wouldn’tD.shouldn’t()3.It was a fine day we had a good time in the countryside.A.so; thatB.such; thatC.too; toD.enough; to()4.Stop playing computer games, Tony. It’s to your eyes.A.relaxingB.badC.boringD.harmful()5.Tom, afraid of speaking out your ideas.A.don’tB.notC.not beD.don’t be()6.Tom has trouble Chinese and I often help him it.A.in understand; /B.to understand; withC.understanding; aboutD.understanding; with()7.Some of the tired students keep their eyes at break.A.openedB.closeC.closedD.open()8.The traffic signs warn people after drinking.A.to driveB.not to driveC.drivingD.don’t drive()9.When someone is hit by a car, we can’t . Instead, we should call 120 for help.A.cheer him upB.cheer up himC.lift him upD.lift up him()10.The bus fell off the bridge and most passengers had no way to it.A.jump out ofB.get outC.stay awayD.keep away()11.My sister is confident and always knows , so I hope she can give me some advice.A.how to doB.which to doC.what to doD.where to do()12.—What should I do, doctor?—Just down and rest. You should get enough sleep.yB.lyingC.lieD.to lie()13.There is a date the bottom this page.A.at; inB.at; ofC.in; ofD.in; at()14.He is getting healthier and healthier because he has unhealthy habits.A.stayed away fromB.kept up withC.taken out ofD.stayed in touch with()15.—Grace, Nick is hurt. ?—Call 120 and get him to hospital at once.A.Are you all rightB.How can we do thatC.What’s the matter with himD.What can we do to help himⅡ.完形填空(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)What can people do when natural disasters(灾难) happen? Can we stop them? No, we can’t. The only thing we can do is to clean up after the disasters.Last year I met Mr Flood. It started raining and 16raining for almost a month: the water on the streets got higher and higher every day. We used 17instead of cars. We lost lots of things, including our businesses, our jobs and our homes. Schools 18and farms were destroyed. We ran out of food and clean water. In some places the water was higher than the buildings. I felt like we lived in a(n) 19world.Because of the flood, lots of 20broke out. Some people died. The soil and other things made the water become very, very 21. That was in summer time. Though it was raining, the 22was still high. The hot weather and dirty water made the air very bad. Hospitals didn’t have enough rooms for 23.When the flood was over, I looked around my city. The word “24” can describe the situation. Everything was destroyed and lots of people were sick, but we were very strong, I think.We had to 25our city, take care of the sick people, and start our schools again. I just hope that one day, people can stop the natural disasters whenever they happen.()16.A.kept B.finished C.stopped D.had()17.A.bikes B.trains C.boats D.ships()18.A.started B.closed C.opened D.start()19.A.water B.fire C.ice D.apple()20.A.happiness B.illnesses C.hardness D.hard()21.A.dirty B.clean C.clear D.health()22.A.temperature B.weather C.water D.food()23.A.nurses B.doctors C.patients D.doctor()24.A.sad B.beautiful C.good D.happy()25.A.rebuild B.return C.remain D.fetchⅢ.阅读理解(共15小题;每小题2分,满分30分)ARon Sparks was mowing(割) his grass at home when hefound himself on a terrible ride. The ground opened up andcollapsed(倒塌) in front of his home. The 87-year-old man felldown a 25-foot well. He was stuck at the bottom in mud(泥).Two hours later, a Ventura County Fire Department rescue(救援) team pulled Sparks to safety. His foot was badly hurt. “Well,I am home after a great trip,” Sparks said. “It is so bad. And I thank all the wonderful friends. I’m sure I’ll get well soon.”When Sparks mowed the grass, he saw a part of sinking(下沉) ground. He tapped(轻敲) it with his foot and the ground gave way.The accident began. His daughter Merrilee Kaszacs said that no one knew Sparks was in the well. About 30 minutes later, Robin Reyes came. She heard the cry for help after she parked her car. “I could not see him,” Reyes said. “I could only hear his voice coming from the hole and he told me it was about 20 to 25 feet down.”During the rescue, Sparks dug himself out of the thick mud with a shovel(铲子). Kaszacs said no one in the family knew about the well. It was covered with a plate.()26.What was Sparks doing at home when the accident happened?A.He was doing some cleaning.B.He was doing some mowing.C.He was doing some drawing.D.He was doing some cooking.()27.How long did Sparks stay in the well?A.For half an hour.B.For one hour.C.For two hours.D.For three hours.()28.Sparks hurt his when he fell down the well.A.armB.legC.footD.hand()29.Who probably called the rescue team for help?A.Reyes.B.Sparks.C.Kaszacs.D.Reyes’s daughter.()30.What can we learn from the passage?A.We can’t stay at home alone.B.We should keep quiet in danger.C.We can help ourselves out of trouble.D.We must be careful with anything at any time.BIf you saw someone lying in the street in pain or bleeding, would you stop to help him? Or would you just walk by for fear of being scammed(欺诈)?Wu Wei (China)I think you should trust the others. Different situations will call for different reactions(反应). If you are afraid of being scammed, you can bring a few stranger witnesses(证人) with you. Get about four or five people together around you and go to help the person together.Tony (the UK)I have seen an old man fall down in the cold winter in Harbin last year. I couldn’t get him up on my own because he was very fat and I asked the others to help me carry him to the hospital. He had no money so I spent over 500 pounds on him. Later that evening his son came and thanked me very much.Mike (Malaysia)It happens but not all the time. I once helped a guy falling from his bike. He was crashed(撞击) by the rear(后部) of a taxi. The driver went off and the bike guy was left alone in the middle of the street. Two weeks later, he wanted to thank me for my help. I had already gone home.()31. Wu Wei may when he helps the injured people.A. take some photosB. ask a few people to witness itC. call the policeD. give some money()32. How much did Tony spend on the old man?A. 50 pounds.B. 3 pounds.C. 5 pounds.D. More than 500 pounds.()33. Mike comes from .A. ChinaB. ThailandC. the UKD. Malaysia()34. Who saved the man crashed by the rear of a taxi?A. Wu Wei.B. Tony.C. Mike.D. Mike and Tony.()35. What’s the best title of the passage?A. Would you stop to help?B. Would you protect others?C. How to help others?D. How to protect yourself?CEvery year thousands of people are killed on the roads in Great Britain. Every year more than one hundred thousand people are hurt. These people are killed or hurt in road accidents.There are rules to make the roads safe, but people do not always obey(遵守) the rules. They are careless. If everybody obeys the rules, the roads will be much safer. How can we make the roads safer?Remember this rule. In Great Britain, traffic keeps to the left. Cars, buses and bikes must all keep to the left side of the road. In most other countries, traffic keeps to the right.Before crossing the road, stop and look both sides. Look right and left. Then, if you are sure that the road is clear, it is safe to cross the road. If you see small children or old people, help them to cross the road. We must teach small children to cross the road safely. We must always set them a good example. Small children must not play in the street.根据上文内容判断正(T)误(F)。
外研版英语九年级上册 Module 12 单元测试题含答案和部分解析
Module 12 Save our world一、听力理解略二、单项填空（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分）从下列每小题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
( )21. The farmers divided the apples ________ big ones and small ones.A. toB. forC. intoD. between( )22. Jason managed to finish the task ________ it was difficult.A. sinceB. untilC. beforeD. though( )23. Miss Gao asked us not to touch ________ in the lab because it was dangerous.A. somethingB. anythingC. somebodyD. anybody( )24. This kind of ________ feels very comfortable and it is used for making blouses.A. jobB. bookC. paperD. cloth( )25. Look! There are ________ vegetables and ________ milk on sale over there.A. so many; so manyB. so many; so muchC. so much; so manyD. so much; so much( )26. Jack failed the maths exam again. He felt ________ and wanted to give up.A. helpfulB. successfulC. carelessD. hopeless ( )27. I'm ________ my pet cat because I can't find it.A. afraid ofB. proud ofC. worried aboutD. strict with ( )28. Air pollution is harmful and it ________ many people every year.A. feedsB. killsC. beatsD. satisfies( )29. This river is dirty because it is ________ by the water from that chemistry factory.A. reducedB. pollutedC. includedD. created( )30. Don't ________ the rubbish everywhere. It's bad for the environment.A. find outB. point outC. take awayD. throw away ( )31. People can use this robot ________ do dangerous work.A. helpB. to helpC. helpingD. helped( )32. It's no use ________ Bob advice. He won't listen to you.A. giveB. to giveC. givingD. gave( )33. You ________ good marks next time if you study harder.A. getB. gotC. have gotD. will get ( )34. A theatre ________ in the centre of our city next year.A. builtB. was builtC. will buildD. will be built ( )35. —Why not go swimming on such a hot day?—________A. Nice idea!B. Here it is.C. Good luck!D. It doesn't matter.三、完形填空（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）阅读下面短文，掌握其大意，然后从各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
六年级英语一二单元练习题
六年级英语一二单元练习题Unit 1-2 Practice Questions for Grade 6 EnglishQuestion 1:Read the following passage and answer the questions below.My Favorite AnimalMy favorite animal is a dolphin. Dolphins are very intelligent and friendly creatures. They live in the ocean and are known for their playful behavior. Dolphins are also great swimmers and can swim very fast. They have streamlined bodies and fins that help them move through the water easily.Dolphins are also social animals and live in groups called pods. They communicate with each other using a series of clicks, whistles, and body movements. They can make different sounds to convey messages and express their emotions.Dolphins mainly eat fish and squid. They hunt in groups and work together to catch their prey. They have sharp teeth that help them catch and eat their food. Dolphins are also known for their acrobatic skills and can jump high out of the water.I love dolphins because they are so active and playful. Whenever I visit the ocean, I always hope to catch a glimpse of them swimming and jumping in the waves. Dolphins are truly amazing creatures.Questions:1. What is the author's favorite animal?2. Where do dolphins live?3. How do dolphins communicate with each other?4. What do dolphins mainly eat?5. Why does the author love dolphins?Answer Key:1. The author's favorite animal is a dolphin.2. Dolphins live in the ocean.3. Dolphins communicate with each other using a series of clicks, whistles, and body movements.4. Dolphins mainly eat fish and squid.5. The author loves dolphins because they are active and playful.Question 2:Complete the following sentences with the correct conjunctions.1. I enjoy playing soccer _________ I am not very good at it.2. She studied for her exams _________ she wanted to get good grades.3. My brother and I like to play video games _________ watch movies together.4. I will buy some ice cream _________ I see a good deal at the supermarket.5. The weather was hot, _________ everyone wanted to go swimming. Answer Key:1. even though2. because3. and4. if5. soQuestion 3:Complete the sentences with the correct form of the verb in brackets.1. She always __________ (bring) her lunch to school.2. We __________ (visit) our grandparents last weekend.3. They __________ (play) basketball every Saturday.4. He __________ (clean) his room every morning.5. I __________ (study) English for three years.Answer Key:1. brings2. visited3. play4. cleans5. have been studyingQuestion 4:Choose the correct preposition to complete each sentence.1. The book is _________ the desk.2. Maria goes to school _________ bus.3. We need to buy milk _________ the store.4. The children are playing _________ the park.5. My birthday is _________ October.Answer Key:1. on2. by3. from4. at5. inQuestion 5:Rewrite the sentences using the passive voice.1. They are building a new house in our neighborhood.2. The teacher will explain the lesson tomorrow.3. Sarah has written a letter to her friend.4. The mechanic fixed my car yesterday.5. They are organizing a party for her birthday. Answer Key:1. A new house is being built in our neighborhood.2. The lesson will be explained by the teacher tomorrow.3. A letter has been written to her friend by Sarah.4. My car was fixed by the mechanic yesterday.5. A party is being organized for her birthday.。
人教新目标七年级下册英语试题-Unit12 What did you do last weekend 单元测试题 2(含答案)
Unit 12 单元测试题Written test part (共80分)Ⅳ. 单项选择(每小题1分，共10分)从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
( )16. He took a walk with her under _______ moon.A. aB. anC. theD. 不填( )17. Mary was late for school _______ Monday morning.A. atB. inC. onD. of( )18. _______ are important to us. We mustn’t cut them down.A. AnimalsB. ForestsC. VegetablesD. Rivers ( )19. I heard him say so with my _______.A. eyesB. noseC. earsD. mouth ( )20. Mike is _______ after the long trip. He needs to sleep.A. tiredB. busyC. dirtyD. strict ( )21. My mother started _______ the kitchen at 3:00 p.m.A. to cleaningB. to cleanC. cleanD. cleaned ( )22. I saw Jim _______ the violin in the music room.A. to playB. playsC. to playingD. playing( )23. _______ your brother at home last night?A. DidB. WasC. IsD. Does( )24. —Did your cousin go to the zoo yesterday?—_______. He saw many animals.A. Yes, he didB. No, he didn’tC. Yes, he doesD. No, he doesn’t( )25. —_______?—He went swimming.A. How was his vacationB. What did he do on vacationC. Why did he go on vacationD. Where did he go on vacationⅤ. 完形填空(每小题1分，共10分)先通读下面的短文，掌握其大意，然后从A、B、C、D四个选项中选择可以填入空白处的最佳答案。
新人教版小学五年级上数学第一二单元测试题及答案
小学五年级上数学第一二单元测试题班级姓名家长签字一．填空题。
1、把8。
9+8。
9+8。
9改写成乘法算式是（）。
2、3。
2×2.6的积有（)位小数,2。
06×4。
02的积有（）位小数。
3、5.9807保留一位小数是（)，保留两位小数是（），保留三位小数是（）。
4、根据35×16=560 直接在括号里填数。
3。
5×16=( ）0。
35×1。
6=( ）3。
5×1.6=（）5、在括号里填上＜、＞或=。
8.7×3.2( )8.7 9。
1×0.56（）9.16、6。
8×2.01=6.8×2+6.8×0。
01可以用（）律进行简算。
7、在计算2.8+1.2×0。
7时,先算（）法,再算（)法，最后的结果是（）8、用数对表示位置时，先写( ）再写（），中间用（）隔开，行是从( ）向（)数，列是从（)往（）数,小红坐在教室的第1列第6行，用数对表示为__________，用（5,2）表示的同学坐在第________列第_______行。
二．选择题.1、与0。
845×1.8的结果相同的算式是（）A.8.45×18B.18×0.0845C.84.5×0.182、2。
2时=（）分A。
22 B.120 2C。
1323、两个数的积是8。
36，如果一个因数缩小10倍,另一个因数不变，积是（）。
A。
8.36 B。
0。
836 C.83。
6 D。
0。
08364、计算9。
9×25的简便方法是（）。
A.9×9×25B.(10－1)×25C.（10－0。
1）×25 D。
4.9×5×255、一个三位数小数四舍五入后为5。
50,这个三位小数最大可能（）A。
5.504 B。
5.499 C.5.509 D.5。
4956、一个非0自然数乘大于1的数,积比原数( ）A、大B、小C、无法确定7、3.73×1.1的乘积扩大（)倍就变成整数A、10倍B、100倍C、1000倍D、10000倍三、判断对错(1）1。
人教版七年级英语下册 Unit 12 单元提高测试题(含答案)
Unit12单元提高测试题一.单项选择( )1. -Would you like _____tea with ice in it? -Yes, I_______.A. any; wouldB. some; wouldC. any; willD. some; will( )2. The noodles with orange juice ______ only $1.5.A. isB. areC. forD. with( )3. My daughter likes to eat dumplings _______ well _______noodles.A. so; soB. so; asC. as; asD. as; so( )4. My family usually ______ bread, eggs and milk _____ breakfast.A. has; forB. eat; forC. have; forD. have; on( )5. It’s 11 o’clock. Please ________ our lunch.A. orderingB. orderC. to orderD. orders( )6. -Would you like a cup of tea? -_______.A. I’d loveB. Yes, pleaseC. No, I wouldn’tD. Sorry( )7. We have music_______ Monday and Wednesday.A. inB. onC. atD. /( )8. He likes English ________ it’s fun.A. whenB. whyC. becauseD. where( )9. They usually go ______ home ______ lunch.A. to; forB. to; atC. at; inD. /; for( )10. How much ________ your shoes?A. isB. areC. beD. am( )11. ________ is your address?A. WhereB. WhichC. WhatD. How( )12. My brother ________ dumplings with beef very much，but I don’t.A. likeB. don’t likeC. doesn’t likeD. likes( )13. I’d like ________ an action movie.A. seeB. to seeC. seeingD. watch( )14. I as well as Mike ______ English now.A. readsB. is readingC. readD. am reading( )15. - did you go to the mountains?-Last summer.A. WhereB. WhatC. WhoD. When二.完形填空There was a tiger in the forest．All the 1 there were afraid of him and 2 away when t hey saw him．So he had no friends and he always felt 3 ．Once he caught a wolf(狼)and afox(狐狸)，but he was 4 that day and didn’t want to eat them．So he decided to 5 them. The two beasts(野兽)were happy and 6 ‘yes’ at once．It was a 7 day．All the forest were covered with thick snow．It was 8 for the three beasts to find food．They were all hungry．When the 9 went down in the west，they went to a village and 10 a sheep，a dog and a duck away．“How shall we divide(分)the animals among us，Mr. Wolf ?”asked th e tiger．“The sheep is the 11 and heaviest(最重) of the three，”said the wolf．“Of course it’ll belong to(属于)you．Mr. Fox is the 12 of us，he can eat the duck and I’ll eat the dog．”It made the tiger angry and he 13 the wolf at once．Then he went on asking，“How shall we divide them 14 us, Mr. Fox?”“That’s easy Mr. Tiger，”answered the fox．“You’ll eat the duck for breakfast，eat the dog for lunch and eat the sheep for supper．”“How 15 you are ! Who taught it to you?”Looking at the dead(死去的) wolf，the fox said sadly，“You，Mr. Tiger!”( )1．A．birds B．animals C．persons D．people( )2．A．flew B．danced C．ran D．jumped( )3．A．1onely B．excited C．strange D．happy( )4．A．sad B．sorry C．hungry D．full( )5．A．save B．get on well with C．make friends with D．hurt( )6．A．said B．heard C．worried D．tasted( )7．A．spring B．summer C．autumn D．winter( )8．A．1ucky B．easy C．difficult D．possible( )9．A．sun B．earth C．moon D．star( )10．A．flew B．helped C．carried D．grew( )11．A．fatter B．fattest C．thinner D．thinnest( )12．A．bigger B．biggest C．smaller D．smallest( )13．A．drank B．ate C．1aughed D．became( )14．A．during B．among C．between D．about( )15．A．able B．kind C．lazy D．clever三.阅读理解AYou may drink bottled water when you are thirsty. But plastic(塑料) bottles are bad for the environment(环境). Is there a way not to use a bottle? Try the Ooho bubble.It is a small ball of water. The water is in a soft container(容器). It has no color, no smell or no taste. It is made from seaweed(海藻) and is safe to eat.You can make a hole in the container to drink from the Ooho bubble. Or you can just put the whole thing into your mouth.Three creators(创造者) from the Imperial College London made the Ooho bubble. It is good for the environment. And one container only costs 0.14 yuan, so it is much cheaper than plastic bottles.______________________. For example, each water ball doesn’t hold much water. You may have to drink a lot of them before you are not thirsty any mor e. Or, some may feel it’s not clean to hold the water bubble in their hands. What do you think?( )1.If you have 0.7 yuan, you can buy ___________ containers.A. 2B. 3C. 4D. 5( )2.How can people drink the water in the Ooho bubble?A. Put the whole bubble into your mouth.B. Put the bubble into a plastic bottle.C. Make a hole in the container to drink.D. Both A and C.( )3.Which of the sentences below can be put at the beginning of the last paragraph?A. The Ooho bubble has other good things.B. But there are still many problems.C. All of the people will like the Ooho bubble.D. Some people wonder if it is clean.( )4. What is the best title for the passage?A. Bottled water is bad for the environmentB. A new way to drink waterC. Drink before you are thirstyD. The Ooho bubble is safe to drinkBToo many people want others to be their friends，but they don't give friendship back．That is why some friendships don't last (持续) very long．To have a friend，you must learn to treat your friend the way you want your friend to treat you．Learning to be a good friend means learning three rules：be honest; be generous; be understanding．Honesty help start a good friendship．Friends must be able to trust(信任) each other．If you don't tell the truth，people usually find out．If a friend finds out that you are not honest，you may lose your friend's trust．Good friends should always speak and act honestly．Generosity means sharing and sharing makes a friendship grow．You don't have to give your lunch money or your clothes，or enjoyments，like your hobbies and your interests．Naturally you will want to share your ideas and feelings. They tell your friend what is important to you．By sharing them，you help your friend know you better．Sooner or later everyone needs understanding and help with a problem．Something may go wrong at school．Talking about the problem can make it easier to solve(解决)．Turning to a friend can be a first step in solving the problem．So to be a friend you must listen and understand．You must try to put yourself in your friend's place so you can understand the problem better．No two friendships are ever exactly alike．But all true friendships have three things in common．If you plan to keep your friendships，you must practice honesty，generosity and understanding．( )1. Some friendships don't last very long because ______________ .A. too many people want to make friendsB. some people receive friendship but don’t give friendship backC. some people give others friendship and receive friendship from othersD. they don’t know friendship is something important( )2. According to the text honesty is__________.A. something unimportantB. the base (基础) of friendshipC. as important as moneyD. more important than anything else ( )3. From the text, we know the word “generous” means_________.A.友好的B. 善良的C. 大方的D. 善解人意的( )4. What does the word "them" refer to (指代) in the third paragraph？A. your ideas and feelingsB. your hobbies and interestsC. your lunch money and clothesD. your clothes and enjoyments( )5. Which of the following is NOT TRUE in the text?A. Friends should always speak and act honestlyB. Sharing your ideas with your friend is very important.C. A friend who gives you his lunch money is a true friend.D. Talking about your problems with your friend often helps to solve the problem.四.词汇填空1. We often have rice, meat, (马铃薯) for lunch every day.2. John likes________(粥), pizza(比萨), salad and ice tea very much.3. They usually ________(订购) food and drink in this restaurant.4. My favorite drink is ________(橘汁).5. (星期四) is the fifth day of a week.6. What _______ (饮料) would you have?7. We have many great ________ (特色菜) in the restaurant.8. This pair of shoes is too e . I want a cheap one.9. These v put up a tent and made a fire.10. -How was your v ? -It was great.11. I like sea foods. They’re d.2. They went to the b .They swam in the sea.五.完成句子1. 他太累了，以至于不能走路了。
人教版英语七年级下册Unit 12 单元同步综合测试题 (有答案)
人教版英语七年级下册Unit12 What did you do last weekend单元同步测评一．单项选择。
1. How ______ your parents’ weekend?A. areB. wereC. wasD. do2. Did you ______ lunch at school?A. haveB. hadC. ateD. got3. She ______ a new bike last year.A. buyB. buyC. boughtD. will buy4. ______ she ______ TV every day?A. Did; watchedB. Does; watchC. Does; watchedD. Do; watches5. What ______ you ______ during the vacation?A. did; didB. do; didC. did; doD. do; does6．Did you have great fun ______ English from Mr.Green?A．learn B．learning C．learns D．learned7. —Where did you go on weekends?—I ______ my uncle.A. visitB. visitedC. visitsD. visiting8. —Did Peter ______ to the movies? —No, he went swimming.A. goesB. goC. goingD. went9. ______ Sunday morning, he cleaned his room. ______ the afternoon, he did his homework.______ night, he watched Olympic Games.A. On; On; OnB. On; In; InC. On; In; AtD. In; In; At10. Gina came in and said he had ______ to tell us.A. anything importantB. important everythingC. something importantD. important something11. This problem is too difficult. ______ students can work it out.A. A fewB. FewC. A littleD. Little12．—Who cleaned the classroom?—Bob ______.A．does B．did C．cleaned D．was13. He went to the park and ______ the bench.A. sit inB. sit onC. sat inD. sat on14. My teacher asked me ______ on summer vacation.A. what I didB. what did I haveC. what I doD. what do I do15．—You look very tired.—I ______ too late to watch the basketball game last night.A．stayed up B．put up C．woke up D．called upⅤ．完形填空（10分）Yesterday was Sunday. The 1 was hot. “Let’s go to the beach!” Dad said to Polly.Dad.When they 4 there, they saw many people on the beach. Some people swam in the water 5 some played with a beach ball. Polly ran happily. “Let’s swim!” she said to Dad.Polly and Dad were 6 and thirsty (口渴的) after swimming. They drank some water and had a rest. Mom bought them some ice-cream. “It is 7 ! Thank you, Mom,” said Polly. Then Polly 8 some beautiful shells (贝壳) on the beach. When it became dark, Polly and 9 parents decided to leave. On their way home, they went to a 10 and had dinner there. “Today is great!” said Polly.1. A. dish B. food C. weather D. soup2. A. sing B. draw C. dance D. swim3. A. with B. to C. for D. of4. A. got B. lived C. left D. started5. A. or B. if C. and D. so6. A. scared B. tired C. lucky D. special7. A. terrible B. cheap C. delicious D. natural8. A. picked B. bought C. grew D. killed9. A. his B. their C. my D. her10. A. bank B. restaurant C. library D. museum三．阅读理解。
人教版新目标英语九年级(全一册)Unit 12《Life is full of the unexpected》单元过关测试题(附答案)
Unit 12 单元检测题I．单项选择1. France is _______ European country; Japan is _______ Asian country.A. an; theB. a; aC. a; anD. an; an2. Lee all night in order to watch the football match between France and Italy.A. put upB. stayed upC. got upD. showed up3. I am looking for a house. I’d like _______ with a garden. A. one B. it C. that D. this4. －When was David born?－He was born June 12，1989.A. AtB. inC. onD. for5. _______ hard work it is!A. HowB. WhatC. What aD. What an6. I prefer to offer more money for a better computer _______ less for this one.A. to payB. not to payC. rather than to payD. rather than pay7. —Why was he late for school yesterday? —He overslept. By the time he got to the bus stop, the bus _____ already _____.A. was; leavingB. has; leftC. would; leaveD. had; left8. Hurry up! The play _____ for ten minutes.A. has begunB. had begunC. has been onD. began9. —What was the weather like yesterday? —It was terrible. It rained so that people could go out.A. hardly; hardlyB. hard; hardlyC. hard; hardD. hardly; hard10. The sports meeting will be held on time ______ it rains. A. if B. until C. unless D. becauseII．完形填空Here’s a part of an e-mail answer from Joe giving some advice to his son in college. “ 1 I was young, I often met t r o u b l e s a b o u t w h a t t o d o a n d w h a t n o t t o d o.M y g r a n d m o t h e r t o l d m e n o t t o 2 about those things. I only did 3 once a year or once a lifetime. 4 , I should try to do those things well, and I do them every day. 5__ example, I need to eat every day, so I should learn how to 6 . I need to talk to others every day, s o I s h o u l d l e a r n h o w t o w o r k w i t h d i f f e r e n t p e o p l e 7 know how to speak well. I walk every day, so my 8 should be all right and comfortable. Every night I sleep, so my bed should let me 9 a good rest. Taking care of the everyday things 10 that you do a better job of the one-in-a-lifetime things as well.”1. A. After B. Before C. When D. While2. A. make B. worry C. want D. carry3. A. them B. it C. ones D. one4. A. Well B. YetC. Instead D. Really5. A. To B. In C. At D. For6. A. water B. cook C. clean D. look7. A. and B. or C. so D. but8 .A. bags B. coats C. shirts D. shoes9. A. give B. make C. have D. do10. A. learns B. means C. says D. hearsIII．阅读理解AJames and his wife went to Beijing Restaurant for dinner at 7:00 pm. On April 1st, 2005, while they were eating, a waitress came to tell them that the two men at the next table were film-makers and that they would like to have a talk with James.James agreed. One man came to sit down next to him and said that they were making a film named “The Magic Gloves.” The story was like “Harry Potter” and they were looking for an actor to play a magici an. They would like to invite James to have a try.James was excited, “Many people think I look like Patrick Steward.” However, as he was going to leave China in 3 days, he wanted to try out after dinner. The man agreed.At 9:00 pm, when James asked for the bill so that he could go with the film-makers, the manager of Beijing Restaurant said sorry to him with a smile, “It’s April Fool’s Day joke! Your meal is free. Thank you.”James completely forgot about it but when he found that he was fooled, he didn’t leave at once. The waitress asked him if he needed some help. James said, “I was fooled once. I’m afraid the meal is not free. I am waiting for the bill to see if it is another joke.”1. James came to the restaurant _________.A. to have dinnerB. to meet the film-makersC. to celebrate April Fool’s DayD. to play a magician2. James agreed to act out because .A. he was fullB. he thought he looked like Patrick StewardC. he wanted to make some moneyD. he liked Harry Potter3. The phrase “was fooled” in the last paragraph probably means .A. was attackedB. was laughed atC. was disturbedD. was played a joke on4. Which of the following is true?A. James stayed at the restaurant for less than two hours.B. The two men sitting next to him were really film-makers.C. James didn’t know it was April Fool’s Day until he was told so.D. James left the restaurant right after dinner.5. When the manager came to tell him the truth, James .A. was angry that he had been fooledB. was pleased that he had been given a free mealC. was still not sure if they were playing another joke on himD. decided to wait for another free mealBA great man married the woman and they had a little lovely girl.When the little girl was growing up, the man usually hugged her and said, “I love you, little girl.” The little girl would sa y, “I am not a little girl any more.” Then the man would laugh, “But to me, you’ll always be my little girl.”The little girl later left her home and went into the world. No matter where she was, the man would call her and say, “I love you, little girl.”One day the little girl received an unexpected phone call. The grea t man had a stroke. He couldn’t talk, smile, walk, hug or dance.She went to the side of the great man soon. He looked at her and tried to speak, but he could not. She sat next to the great man, and drew her arms around his useless shoulders. Her head on his chest, she thought of many good memories. She felt sad for she couldn’t hear the words of love that had comforted her.And then she heard from within the man, the beat of heart. The magic happened. She heard what she wanted to hear. His heart beat out the words that his mouth could no longer say… I love you, little girl… I love you, little girl.1. The great man ______ when the little girl said, “I’m not a little girl any more.”A. felt sadB. was happyC. was angryD. couldn’t stand2. What did the man do after the little girl left her home?A. He left her wife.B. He learned to sing and dance.C. He left his home and went into the world.D. He would call her and expressed his love to her.3. The little girl went to her father because_______.A. he had a stroke.B. she missed her parentsC. she made a lot of money outsideD. she didn’t get his father’s calls4. What can we learn from what the girl had done after seeing his father?A. She knew his father would die soon.B. She had regretted for leaving his father.C. She loved her father deeply too.D. She was sure his father would recover soon.IV.Long long ago, all feelings lived on an island(岛): Happiness, Sadness, Knowledge and all of the others, 1. Love. One day it was said that the island would sink, so all of the feelings were busy making boats and ready to go.The crucial moment came at last! When the island 2. sank, Love gave her boat to poor people who couldn't make a boat. Now it was Love's turn to ask for help.Richness(财富)was passing by Love in a boat. Love said, “Richness, can you take me with you?” Richness 3. , “No, I can't. There is a lot of treasure(金银财宝) in my boat. There is no room here for you.” Just at that time, Sadness was nearer, so Love asked, “Sadness, let me go with you.” “Oh, Love, I am so sad that I need to be alone by 4._______.” Happiness passed by Love, too, but she was too 5. to hear clearly what Love said to her.Suddenly, there was a 6. , “Come on, Love, I will take you.” It was an elder. Love even forgot to ask him where they were going. When they 7. dry land, the elder went away. Love asked Knowledge, another elder, “Who helped me?”“It was Time.” Knowledge answered.“Time?” asked Love. “But why did Time help me?”Knowledge smiled 8. answered, “Because only Time can understand how important Love is.”V.任务型阅读Potatoes are very popular today. But in the past this was not true. Potatoes grew in South America 5,000 years ago. But they only became popular in other places 200 years ago.In the 16th century, the Sp anish took the potato from South America to Europe. But the people didn’t like this strange vegetable. Some people thought that their skins would look like the skin of the plant if they ate the potato. So they only ate the leaves. This made them sick because there is poison (毒药) in the leaves.In the 1800s, people started to eat potatoes. Potatoes became the main food in Ireland. Then something unlucky happened. In 1845, a disease killed all the potatoes in Ireland. Two million people died of hunger.Today each country has its potato dish. Germans eat potato salad, and the USA has the baked potato. Of course, the French invented French fries.Fill in the blanks according to the passage. Only one word for each blank.Potatoes were 1.______ in South America 5,000 years ago. But they weren’t popular in other places 2.______ 200 years ago. In the 16th century, the Spanish took them to Europe. They ate leaves 3.______ of having potatoes. As a result, people were badly ill because of the poison in the leaves. In the 1800s, people started to eat potatoes. 4.______, there was something wrong with the potatoes. Two million people died because of the shortage (缺少) of potatoes in 1845. But now there are many 5.______of potato dishes in the world.参考答案：I. 1—5 CBACB 6—10 DDCBC2. 【解析】B 考查动词短语辨析。
人教版新目标英语九年级 Unit12单元同步测试卷及答案
九年级英语第十二单元期末复习测试题一、单项填空（每小题1分, 共20分）( )1. I think I have _____ my key in the car. A. forget B. left C. forgotten D. leave( )2. By the time he got up, he found his father _____ to work.A. wentB. have goneC. goneD. had gone( )3. What happened _____ Cindy yesterday?—She was hit in a car accident.A. onB. toC. inD. for( )4. When I got to the bus stop, the bus _____ already _____ for 5 minutes.A. has; leftB. had; leftC. has; been awayD. had; been away( )5. _____, he got an "A" in the final exam.A. LuckB. LuckyC. LuckilyD. To lucky( )6. I was nearly late for class yesterday morning, but I only _____ my class.A. madeB. made toC. made it toD. made it( )7. It is _____ good exhibition that I have seen it several times. A. so B. such C. so a D. such a ( )8. My sister _____ a teacher two years ago.A. got married toB. got married ofC. married toD. married with( )9. _____ your sweater. It's cold outside. A. Put on B. Dress C. Wear D. To put on ( )10. Please write down _____ you can in your exercise-books.A. as much as wordsB. as much words asC. as many words asD. as many as words ( )11. When I got to the shop, the fresh vegetables had _____.A. be sold outB. sold outC. been sold outD. sell out( )12. We felt _____ when we heard the _____ news.A. embarrassed; embarrassedB. embarrassing; embarrassedC. embarrassed; embarrassingD. embarrassing; embarrassing( )13. He is a very unfriendly man, so few people _____ at his party last Sunday.A. showed upB. showed offC. showed inD. on show( )14. Tom has lost lots of _____ in the past few months.A. weighB. weighsC. weightD. weighed( )15. My sister _____ the e-mail invitation, but she realized she had forgotten to invite John.A. sent outB. sent upC. sent toD. send out( )16. I like to play jokes _____ my classmates. A. on B. into C. in D. to( )17. _____ he knows it, he'll not let out the secret. A. As if B. Even though C. So that D. What if ( )18. Be sure to keep the classroom _____ after class. A. cleaned B. clean C. to clean D. cleaning ( )19. There is a boy _____ soccer on the street. A. played B. to play C. playing D. play ( )20. The _____ of Columbus was quite an event in the world.A. discoverB. discoveryC. discoveredD. discoveries三、完形填空（每小题1分, 共10分）I think April Fool's Day is a very unusual holiday. On April Fool's Day, you have to watch out for practical 21 . You also cannot trust everything you 22 on April 1st. Even some main newspapers will put fake（假的）articles into their papers to fool people. I heard a story about how 23 April Fool's Day, a London newspaper printed an article about how aliens landed in England. This 24 many people to panic（恐慌）and the local police were not very 25 the newspaper.It can be 26 sometimes to play tricks（开玩笑）, but you have to be careful not to go too far. On April Fool's Day, I called my mother from the university I attended. I told her that I was failing all of my classes and because of this, I wasn't able to27 . She was so upset that she started to cry. I felt really bad about making her sad and tried to tell her it was just a joke. 28I told her it was only an April Fool's Day's joke, she got 29 angry with me that she hung up the phone. I had to call her back and apologize before she would talk to me again.April Fool's Day's jokes can be funny but you should be careful not to hurt people's feelings by embarrassing them 30 . Before you act, you should always make sure to put yourself in someone else's shoes and think about how they might feel. ( )21. A. joke B. jokes C. a joke D. to joke( )22. A. hear B. listen C. listen to D. listened( )23. A. on B. in C. for D. of( )24. A. caused B. helped C. asked D. guided( )25. A. interested in B. fond of C. afraid of D. pleased with( )26. A. information B. fun C. healthy D. stupid( )27. A. read B. return C. graduate D. dance( )28. A. After B. Because C. Since D. If( )29. A. so B. such C. such a D. so a( )30. A. too little B. a few C. a little D. too much四、阅读理解（每小题2分, 共30分）A"I just gave birth to 5 babies last weekend. " Isn't that exciting? Oh, you don't believe me? "Okay then, I stole some money from a bank on Saturday night. " Now do you believe me? Actually, I hope you don't. April 1st, or April Fool's Day is the day when we play jokes on people. Do you have it in your country?April Fool's Day started in the sixteenth century in Europe. Before that time, New Year's Day was celebrated on April 1st. If they were teased, they were called fools.Nowadays we play jokes on people on April 1st. For example, someone might put salt in the sugar bottle so another person could put it in his coffee "by accident" . Or someone might change the time on another person's alarm clock so that person would unknowingly wake up earlier or later than planned. Or maybe a person would tell a lie to make someone else shocked.After we play the trick, we say "April Fool" . Then the poor person realized he was fooled. It is generally done in the spirit of fun and doesn't cause any real harm（伤害）to anyone. Do you have any great jokes to play on anyone today? Try it out. Just don't forget to say "April Fool" when the other person begins looking a little confused.( )31. Before the sixteenth century, New Year's Day was _____.A. April 1stB. January 1stC. October 1stD. February 1st( )32. Which of the following situations doesn't make you "April Fool" ？A. Someone might put salt in the sugar bottle, then you could put it in your coffee "by accident" .B. A man might take your bag by mistake, then he could say sorry to you.C. Someone might change the time on your alarm clock, then you would unknowingly wake up earlier or later than planned.D. A person would tell a lie to make someone else shocked.( )33. Sometimes people lie to shock someone on _____.A. New Year's DayB. Christmas DayC. April Fool's DayD. Thanksgiving Day( )34. In the 2nd paragraph, the closest meaning of the underlined word "teased" is _____ in English.A. hitB. criticizedC. laughed atD. shocked( )35. What should be the right attitude（态度）towards "April Fool" ？A. It is generally done in the spirit of fun and doesn't cause any real harm to anyone.B. It is done for the real fools.C. We needn't say "April Fool" when we play jokes on people on April 1st.D. Don't play jokes on people.BValentine's Day is a very old holiday. It goes back to the times of Ancient Rome（古罗马）. One of the characters we often see on Valentine's Day is Cupid. He was the son of Venus（维纳斯）, the goddess of love. He shoots people with arrows（箭）of love. When a man and a woman are hit by his arrows, they will fall in love.Today people celebrate Valentine's Day on February 14. If a man and a woman are in love, they will give each other gifts. The most popular gifts are flowers（especially roses）and chocolates. Couples may also go to a restaurant for a very nice dinner or plan something else romantic.In the United States, Valentine's Day is not just for lovers. Children make special Valentine's cards for their classmates. Families and friends may give candy or other small gifts to each other. It can be a fun day.( )36. Who is Cupid?A. The arrow of love.B. The goddess of love.C. The son of the goddess of love.D. The first person to celebrate Valentine's Day.( )37. When a man and a woman are hit by Cupid's arrows, they will _____.A. fall in loveB. get gifts from GodC. hate each otherD. fight each other( )38. What are the most popular gifts on Valentine's Day?A. Roses and chocolates.B. Roses and cakes.C. Arrows and cakes.D. Cards and chocolates.( )39. What do school children in the United States do on Valentine's Day?A. They plan something else romantic.B. They make special cards for their classmates.C. They go to a restaurant for a very nice dinner.D. They give candy or other small gifts to each other. ( )40. From the passage, we can NOT get information about _____.A. the date of Valentine's DayB. the most popular giftsC. the story of Valentine's DayD. the feelings of classmates and friendsC五、短文填空（每小题1分, 共10分）Dear Anne,How are you? I had great fun last Wednesday, June 12th, 2013. It was a 46. __________ Chinese festival called the Dragon Boat Festival that day.This festival is in memory of Qu Yuan, one of 47. __________ greatest Chinese poets. He killed himself by jumping into the Miluo River on May 5th of the lunar calendar（阴历）, 278 BC. People there rowed the boats to 48. __________ him. But it was too late. They were very sad and then threw rice into the 49. __________ to feed the fishes so that they would stay away from his body.50. __________ then on, every year on this day, people enjoy 51. __________ Zongzi which is made of rice with meat, eggs and so on. In the past we ate it only 52. __________ a year, but now we regarded it as our daily food. We can have it any time we like.Have you ever 53. __________ the dragon boat race on TV? It is another important part of this festival. Several teams row their dragon-shaped boats as 54. __________ as they can. The first team to reach the finish line wins.If you have a plan to visit China next year, would 55. __________ like to spend this festival with us?Best wishes六、用动词的适当形式填空（每题1分，共10分）56. We ________________（paint）the house before we __________（move）in.57. That rich old man __________________（make）a will before he ____________（die）.58. They __________________（study）the map of the country before they _________（leave）.59. The robbers __________________（run away）before the policemen __________（arrive）.60. I ___________________（turn off）all the lights before I ________（go）to bed.61. Paul _________（go）out with Jane after he ______________（make）a phone call.62. Tom _________（say）he _________________（read）the book twice.63. Our plan __________（fail）because we _______________（make）a bad mistake.64. When the chairman ________________（finish）speaking, he _________（leave）the hall.65. The Reads ______________________（have）lunch when I _________（get）to their house.七、完成句子（每题2分，共10分）66. 房间里全是学生。
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八年级物理下册简单机械单元评价（含解析）（45分钟 100分）一、选择题（本大题共8小题,每小题3分,共24分）1.（2012·绥化中考）如图所示，下列简单机械中，省距离的是( )2.（2012·德州中考）如图是小龙探究“杠杆平衡条件”的实验装置，用弹簧测力计在C 处竖直向上拉，杠杆保持平衡。
若弹簧测力计逐渐向右倾斜，仍然使杠杆保持平衡，拉力F 的变化情况是( )A.变小B.变大C.不变D.无法确定3.小华用钓鱼竿钓起重为15 N的鱼，如图所示，OA=0.4 m，OB=2 m。
下列说法正确的是( )A.用钓鱼竿钓鱼费距离B.钓鱼竿是个省力杠杆C.手对钓鱼竿的拉力F1的大小为75 ND.手对钓鱼竿的拉力F1的大小为3 N4.下列简单机械中，不能够用20 N的力提起50 N的物体的是( )A.杠杆B.动滑轮C.斜面D.轮轴5.一辆汽车不小心陷进泥潭后，司机按如图所示的甲、乙两种方法安装滑轮，均可将汽车从泥潭中匀速拉出。
比较这两个装置，下列说法正确的是( )A.甲、乙安装的都是动滑轮，都能省力B.甲、乙安装的都是定滑轮，都不能省力C.甲安装的是动滑轮，能省力D.乙安装的是动滑轮，能省力6.（2012·呼和浩特中考）如图所示，用相同的滑轮不同的绕法提起相同的重物，摩擦力可以忽略不计，在物体匀速上升的过程中( )A.甲图省力，机械效率甲图大B.甲图省力，机械效率一样大C.乙图省力，机械效率乙图大D.乙图省力，机械效率一样大7.如图所示，测定滑轮组的机械效率时，所用钩码质量为200 g，几位同学用弹簧测力计测出拉力F的读数如下，其中肯定错误的是( )A.0.9 NB.0.8 NC.0.7 ND.0.6 N8.如图所示，拉力F=80 N，物体重力G=120 N，不计摩擦和绳重。
若将物体匀速提高1 m，以下说法不正确的是( )A.拉力做的有用功为80 JB.动滑轮的重力为40 NC.拉力做的总功为160 JD.该滑轮组的机械效率为75%二、填空题（本大题共6小题，每空2分，共22分）9.（2012·北京中考）小华探究杠杆平衡条件时，使用的每个钩码的质量均为50 g，杠杆上相邻刻线间的距离相等。
小华将杠杆调节水平平衡后，在杠杆上的B点悬挂了3个钩码，如图所示。
为使杠杆保持水平平衡状态，应该在A点悬挂______个钩码。
10.如图是2012年伦敦奥运会皮划艇静水比赛的体育图标，当运动员用船桨划水时，运动员手中使用的船桨属于_____（选填“费力”“省力”或“等臂”）杠杆，使用它的好处是_________。
11.如图所示，物体A在拉力F的作用下匀速前进，图中的滑轮是_______滑轮，若拉力F=200 N，则物体所受滑动摩擦力为______N。
12.很多名山风景区为了方便游客到达，都把上山的公路修成盘山公路，如图所示，之所以要把上山的公路修成这样，是因为盘山公路相当于简单机械中的___________，使用它可以_________。
13.如图所示，质量为50 kg的物体A置于粗糙的水平地面上，用两个滑轮按图连接，当水平拉力F为120 N时，物体A恰能匀速前进，若物体A前进0.5 m所用的时间为10 s（绳和滑轮的质量及它们之间的摩擦都不计）。
则物体A受到的重力为_______N，拉力F做功的功率为________W。
（g取10 N/kg）14.跳板是朝鲜族群众喜爱的一种娱乐活动，如图所示。
若支点在跳板的中央，当质量均为60 kg 的两名运动员同时从 1.5 m 高处由静止下落到跳板的同一端时，静立于跳板另一端的质量为 50 kg 的一名女运动员会向上弹起 3 m高。
若不计空气阻力，则额外功为______J,跳板的机械效率为________。
（g取10 N/kg）三、作图题（本大题共2小题，共12分）15.（6分）（2012·泰州中考）如图所示是开瓶扳手打开瓶盖的示意图。
O为支点，在图中画出动力F1的力臂（l1）和阻力F2的示意图。
16.（6分）（2012·自贡中考）如图所示，用滑轮组提升物体，请在图中画出最省力的绳子绕法。
四、实验探究题（本大题共2小题，共28分）17.（16分）（2011·桂林中考）如图甲所示，小明在探究“杠杆的平衡条件”实验中所用的实验器材有：杠杆、支架、弹簧测力计、刻度尺、细线和质量相同的钩码若干个。
（1）实验前，将杠杆中点置于支架上，当杠杆静止时，发现杠杆右端下沉。
此时，应把杠杆两端的平衡螺母向_________（选填“左”或“右”）调节，使杠杆在不挂钩码时，保持_________并静止，达到平衡状态。
这样做的好处是便于在杠杆上直接测量___________。
（2）杠杆调节平衡后，小明在杠杆上A点处挂4个钩码，在B点处挂6个钩码，杠杆恰好在原位置平衡。
于是小明便得出了杠杆的平衡条件为________。
他这样得出的结论是否合理？____________；为什么？__________________。
（3）实验结束后，小明提出了新的探究问题：“若支点不在杠杆的中点时，杠杆的平衡条件是否仍然成立？”于是小组同学利用如图乙所示装置进行探究，发现在杠杆左端的不同位置，用弹簧测力计竖直向上拉使杠杆处于平衡状态时，测出的拉力大小都与杠杆平衡条件不相符。
其原因是__________________。
18.（12分）（2012·遵义中考）小明在测量滑轮组机械效率的实验中，所用装置如图所示，实验中每个钩码重2 N，测得的数据如表：（1）在实验中，测绳端拉力F时，应尽量竖直向上_______拉动弹簧测力计且在拉动过程中读数。
（2）第1次实验测得的机械效率为________。
（结果保留两位有效数字）（3）分析表中数据可知：第2次实验是用___________图做的；第4次实验是用______图做的。
（选填“甲”“乙”或“丙”）。
（4）分析第1、2次实验数据可知：使用同一滑轮组，__________可以提高滑轮组的机械效率；分析第1、3次实验数据可知：使用不同的滑轮组，提升相同的重物，动滑轮个数越多（即动滑轮总重越重），滑轮组的机械效率_________。
（5）分析第3、4次实验数据可知，滑轮组的机械效率与物体被提升的高度____________。
五、计算题（14分）19.在小型建筑工地，常用简易的起重设备竖直吊运建筑材料，其工作原理相当于如图所示的滑轮组。
某次将总重G 为4 000 N 的砖块匀速吊运到高为10 m 的楼上，用时40 s ，卷扬机提供的拉力F 为2 500 N 。
求在此过程中：（1）有用功。
（2）拉力F 做的功。
（3）滑轮组的机械效率。
答案解析1.【解析】选C 。
本题考查了杠杆的使用。
使用定滑轮既不省距离也不省力，故A 错误；使用斜面省力但费距离，故B 错误；C 图是费力杠杆，动力臂要小于阻力臂的一半，虽然费了力，但省了距离，故C 正确；动滑轮能省一半的力，但费一倍的距离，故D 错误。
2.【解析】选B 。
本题考查杠杆平衡条件的应用。
杠杆平衡条件是动力×动力臂=阻力×阻力臂。
当弹簧测力计逐渐向右倾斜时，拉力（动力）的力臂变小，而阻力、阻力臂不变，欲使杠杆保持平衡，需增大拉力（动力），故选B 。
3.【解析】选C 。
由题图知，钓鱼竿在使用时动力臂小于阻力臂，故为费力杠杆，但省距离，故A 、B 均错；根据杠杆平衡条件F 1l 1=F 2l 2，得2211F 15 N 2 m F 75 N 0.4 m⨯===，l l 故C 正确，D 错。
4.【解析】选B 。
根据题意，必须选择一个可以省力的杠杆才行。
杠杆的动力臂大于阻力臂时，可以实现省力的目的，A 对；动滑轮的动力臂相当于它的直径，阻力臂相当于它的半径。
虽然动力臂大于阻力臂，可以实现省力的目的，但只能省一半力，无法实现用20 N 的力提起50 N 的物体，B 错;斜面相当于一个省力杠杆，C 对；轮轴的动力作用线相当于圆的切线，动力臂相当于圆的半径，阻力臂远小于动力臂，D 对。
5.【解析】选D 。
本题主要考查定滑轮和动滑轮的判断及其特点。
首先判断出滑轮是定滑轮还是动滑轮，然后再根据定滑轮和动滑轮的特点判断省力情况。
甲图中的滑轮，轴固定不动，是定滑轮，定滑轮不能省力；乙图中的滑轮，轴随物体一起运动，是动滑轮，动滑轮能省力。
故选D 。
6.【解析】选B 。
（1）分析甲图可知，n=3，则s=3h ，因为摩擦力可以忽略不计，所以11F G G 3=+动（），111W Gh G W Gh G h G G η===++有总动动； （2）分析乙图可知，n=2，则s=2h ，因为摩擦力可以忽略不计，所以21F G G 2=+动（）， 222W Gh G W Gh G h G G η===++有总动动； 由此可知：F 1<F 2，η1=η2，所以甲图省力，机械效率一样大。
故选B 。
7.【解析】选D 。
钩码的质量是200 g ，重力G=mg=200×10-3 kg ×9.8 N/kg=1.96 N ；滑轮组有3段绳子拉动钩码，在理想状况下，绳子末端的拉力即弹簧测力计的示数11F G 1.96 N 0.65 N n 3==⨯=；若考虑到动滑轮重、绳子重和摩擦，绳子末端的拉力就大于0.65 N 。
故选D 。
8.【解析】选A 。
本题考查利用滑轮组做功和机械效率的有关计算。
由题可知F=80 N,G=120 N,h=1 m,s=2 m 。
则W 有=Gh=120 N ×1 m=120 J,动滑轮的重力G 动=2F-G=2×80 N-120 N=40 N,利用滑轮组所做的总功为W 总=Fs=80 N ×2 m=160 J,该滑轮组的机械效率W 120 J 75%W 160 Jη===有总，选项A 说法错误。
9.【解析】本题考查杠杆的平衡条件。
根据杠杆平衡条件可知，G A L A =G B L B ,即m A gL A =m B gL B ,n A m 0gL A =n B m 0gL B ,则B A B A L 2n n 32L 3==⨯=。
答案：210.【解析】船桨的上端为支点，上端到下面手的距离为动力臂，船桨的上端到末端为阻力臂。
显然动力臂小于阻力臂，是费力杠杆，但是可以省距离。
答案：费力 省距离11.【解析】F 由两段绳子承担,每段绳子的拉力F 200 N F 100 N 22===绳。
物体A 匀速前进,其摩擦力跟每段绳子的拉力相等,为100 N 。
答案：动 10012.【解析】盘山公路相当于简单机械中的斜面，使用它可以省力。
答案：斜面 省力13.【解析】物体A 的重力G=mg=50 kg ×10 N/kg=500 N绕过动滑轮的绳子股数n=2，绳子自由端移动的距离s 绳=2×0.5 m=1 m ，拉力F 做的功W=Fs 绳=120 N ×1 m=120 J 拉力做功的功率W 120 J P 12 W t 10 s=== 答案：500 1214.【解析】两名运动员从高处落下时做的功W 总=2Gh=2mgh=2×60 kg ×10 N/kg ×1.5 m=1 800 J质量为50 kg 的运动员被弹起时做的功W有=G′h′=m′gh′=50 kg×10 N/kg×3 m=1 500 J 此过程中做的额外功W额=W总-W有=1 800 J-1 500 J=300 J跳板的机械效率W 1 500 J83.3%W 1 800 Jη===有总答案：300 83.3%15.【解析】本题考查力臂的画法。