2020年高考英语二轮复习核心考点总动员专题36阅读理解之文章结构含解析
2020高考全国二卷英语试题分析解析解读
2020高考全国二卷英语试题分析解析解读2020年高考已经落下了帷幕，李华的缺席使我们很好奇不平凡的2020为全国Ⅱ卷究竟带来了哪些变化？总体说来，还是稳中求变，但是变的有新意，主要有以下两个特点：一、出题者遵循了“方向是核心，平稳是关键”的这一原则，依托中国高考评价体系，落实立德树人根本任务，以便促进学生的德智体美劳全面发展，进一步深化考试内容改革。
二、试卷选材围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题全面考查英语语言基础能力、逻辑能力和综合运用能力。
具体分析如下：第一部分听力：难度稳定，话题广泛、贴近生活今年听力试题难度依然延续了以往稳定的风格，语速适中，话题广泛，内容均是日常生活的话题。
为学生理解提供了真实的语境，凸显了英语的交流意义和传递信息的功能。
第二部分阅读：取材广泛、体裁多样、传递核心价值观本套试卷中5段阅读材料仍是围绕人与自然、人与社会、人与自我三大主题，语言地道，难度与往年基本一致。
内容上与时俱进，体现文化差异，促进学生思维，体现立德树人时代特征，引导体美劳教育，促进德智体美劳全面发展。
1、阅读理解从体裁来看：A篇为应用文，主要内容是一篇关于大湖区景点的介绍；B篇为科普说明文，说明了儿童在早期玩拼图类玩具可以发展空间能力；C篇为社会现象文，介绍了部分生态保护者和时装热衷者，想要让海狸鼠皮草市场的交易再次回到人们的生活中，以此来平衡生态环境；D篇为记叙文，讲述了作者不同时期对于图书馆的热爱。
从题型来看：细节理解7题（21,22,23,24,25,26,29)；推理判断4题（28,31，32,34)；主旨大意2题（27,35)；猜测词义2题（30,33)。
从能力考查来看，15道题中7道考查文章事实细节，重点考查学生查找关键信息的能力，对比文本信息和选项句意的能力，注重考查学生对语言形式和意义的理解。
8道题考查推断、归纳和概括等高阶阅读理解能力，提高了高阶阅读理解能力考查的比例。
2、七选五讲述了表情符号对于职场交流的作用。
2020高考英语大二轮复习冲刺经典专题语篇部分专题一阅读理解第3讲主旨大意类教学案
第3讲主旨大意类题型概述题型破解1 寻找主题句确定文章大意解题指导文章由段落组成，段落的中心思想服务于文章的中心思想，因此找到每个段落的主题句，总结概括后便不难得出文章的主旨大意。
一般情况下，段落的主题句通常在该逻辑段落的首尾，但也有些难度较大的试题会隐含在段落之中，此时要理解全文结构，找到支撑性细节内容。
考生速读文首文尾、段首段尾，搜索主题线索及信息便可快速找到主题句，以下为找到主题句的5个小窍门：1.段落中出现表转折的词语(however, but, in fact, actually, while, on the contrary, in contrast等)时，其后的句子通常为主题句；2.首段出现疑问句时，对该句的回答很可能就是主题句；3.作者有意识地反复强调的观点，通常是主旨；反复出现的词语，一般为体现文章主旨的关键词(主旨句通常包含关键词)；4.首段出现具体例子或假设时，例子或假设后的内容通常为主题句；5.表示总结或结论的句子常包含therefore, in short, conclude, conclusion, thus等词。
[典例] (2019·全国卷Ⅱ·C篇)Marian Bechtel sits at West Palm Beach's Bar Louie counter by herself, quietly reading her e－book as she waits for her salad. What is she reading? None of your business! Lunch is Bechtel's “me” time. And like more Americans, she's not alone.A new report found 46 percent of meals are eaten alone in America. More than half(53 percent) have breakfast alone and nearly half (46 percent) have lunch by themselves. Only at dinnertime are we eating together anymore, 74 percent, according to statistics from the report.“I prefer to go out and be out. Alone, but together, you know？” Bechtel said, looking up from her book. Bechtel, who works in downtown West Palm Beach, has lunch with coworkers sometimes, but like many of us, too often works through lunch at her desk. A lunchtime escape allows her to keep a boss from tapping her on the shoulder. She returns to work feeling energized. “Today, I just wanted some time to myself，” she said.Just two seats over, Andrew Mazoleny, a local video－grapher, is finishing his lunch at the bar. He likes that he can sit and check his phone in peace or chat up the barkeeper with whom he's on a first－name basis if he wants to have a little interaction (交流). “I reflect on how my day's gone and think about the rest of the week，” he said. “It's a chance for self－reflection. You return to work recharged and with a plan.”That freedom to choose is one reason more people like to eat alone. There was a time when people may have felt awkward about asking for a table for one, but those days are over. Now, we have our smartphones to keep us company at the table. “It doesn't feel as alone as it may have before all the advances in technology，” said Laurie Demeritt, whose company provided the statistics for the report.31．What is the text mainly about?A．The trend of having meals alone.B．The importance of self－reflection.C．The stress from working overtime.D．The advantage of wireless technology.解析 A 第一段最后一句，第五段第一句分别是第一段和第五段的主题句，结合全文尤其是第二段的描述及其中反复出现的关键词“eaten alone”，“have breakfast alone”“have lunch by themselves”(一般与主旨相关)，由此可知，本文主要说了独自用餐已经逐渐成为一种趋势，故答案为A。
2020年英语二阅读第一篇解析
2020年英语二阅读第一篇解析一、背景介绍1.1 2020年英语二考试是全国硕士研究生招生考试中的一项重要科目，阅读部分一直是考生们的重点和难点之一。
1.2 本文针对2020年英语二阅读第一篇文章进行解析，旨在帮助考生更好地理解和掌握该篇文章，提高阅读能力和应试水平。
二、文章内容概述2.1 第一篇文章标题为《A New Way to Reverse Aging》，内容主要介绍了一种新的逆转衰老的方法。
2.2 文章主要分为三个部分：首先介绍了科学家对衰老现象的发现和看法；其次介绍了一项新的研究成果，即通过重塑老年细胞中的谷胱甘肽来延缓衰老；最后介绍了这一研究的意义和前景。
三、关键信息解读3.1 科学家对衰老现象的认识3.1.1 老年细胞中的谷胱甘肽水平下降导致了衰老的加速。
3.1.2 谷胱甘肽水平的下降可能是引起衰老的关键因素之一。
3.2 新的研究成果3.2.1 科学家通过实验证实，通过重塑老年细胞中的谷胱甘肽可以延缓衰老。
3.2.2 这一研究成果为阻止或逆转衰老提供了新的可能性。
3.3 研究的意义和前景3.3.1 这一研究成果对延长人类寿命、延缓老年病的发生具有重要意义。
3.3.2 虽然还处于实验阶段，但展现出了巨大的应用前景。
四、文章解析4.1 文章阅读技巧4.1.1 阅读时要注意抓住文章的主题和结构，分析作者的观点和论证方式。
4.1.2 关注关键词和信息，尤其是与主题相关的专业术语和科学现象。
4.2 语言表达分析4.2.1 作者使用了大量科学术语和专业名词，需要考生具备一定的科学背景知识。
4.2.2 文章的叙事方式较为客观和中立，既有实验数据的支持，又有对研究意义的展望。
五、应试建议5.1 阅读理解5.1.1 掌握文章结构和关键信息，抓住作者的观点和论证逻辑。
5.1.2 注意科学术语的理解和应用，积累相关专业知识。
5.2 写作技巧5.2.1 练习科技类文章的阅读和写作，提高对专业英语的掌握和应用能力。
2023高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题讲和练——记叙文(含解析)
2023高考英语二轮复习：阅读理解专题记叙文记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。
高考英语阅读理解中的记叙文类文章一般包括人物传记、哲理或故事等。
人物传记类文章描述某个人的生平事迹、奋斗历程；故事类文章通过一个小故事，说明一个道理。
一、考情分析通常一套卷有一篇记叙文，个别试卷选用两篇记叙文。
所选的记叙文多以第一人称或第三人称为主，讲述一个短小精悍、有教育意义的故事，有时也会选用生活中的轶闻趣事。
所讲述的故事题材丰富多样、富有生活气息，多按时间顺序叙述，偶尔也会有倒叙或插叙的情形。
从命题上看，记叙文阅读理解以细节理解题和推理判断题为主，以观点态度题、写作意图题、词义猜测题和代词指代题为辅，难度总体上属于中等程度。
记叙文阅读理解题要求考生能理清记叙的顺序与所讲故事的情节，能准确把握人物的情感态度和作者的写作目的。
二、文体特点与阅读策略1. 语言与结构特点英语记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点或过程。
其特点是：主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文章主旨要通过人物、事件来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空间顺序、上下顺序来展开。
阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法，快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线。
2. 答题误区记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与人物的情感态度上。
解题时，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要时可以对时间和事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度，做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。
3. 阅读策略在做阅读理解题时，首先要通读全文，弄清六要素和记叙的顺序，特别要注意文章中提到的多个时间、地点和人物，理清事件的起因、经过和结果；然后阅读题干，在文章中查找相关的信息；最后根据查找到的相关信息作出正确的选择。
2020年高考英语二轮复习专题阅读理解
专题阅读理解高中英语教学大纲明确规定“侧重提高阅读能力”，这为我们的备考指明了方向。
分析近几年的高考英语试题，我们不难看出，阅读理解是高考试题中难度最大，区分度最高的题型，自始至终占据着主导地位。
阅读理解能力属于语言的领会技能，它不仅考查对语篇的整体把握能力，而且考查快速捕捉信息、准确理解特定细节以及复杂句子的能力。
不仅要准确理解文章表层的意思，还要通过表层去推理、判断。
除此之外，还涉及非语言因素，如：对所学语言国家的社会和文化背景知识的掌握、生活常识、逻辑知识和语言修养等。
Ⅰ.阅读理解题策略一、先看题干，带着问题读文章。
即先看试题，再读文章。
阅读题干，首先要掌握问题的类型，分清是客观信息题还是主观判断题。
其次，了解试题题干以及各个选项所包含的信息，然后有针对性地对文章进行扫读，对有关信息进行快速定位，再将相关信息进行整合、甄别、分析、对比，有根有据地排除干扰项，选出正确答案。
二、速读全文，了解大意知主题。
近几年的高考阅读速度大约是每分钟40词左右。
必须在十分有限的时间内运用略读、扫读、跳读等技巧快速搜寻关键词、主题句，捕捉时空、顺序、情节、人物、观点，并且理清文章脉络，把握语篇实质。
速读全文对于主旨大意题的解决尤其有效，能快速抓住主干，确定好答案。
三、详读细节，理顺思路与文章脉络。
文章绝不是互不相干的句子的堆砌。
作者为文，有脉可循。
如记叙文多以人物为中心，以时间或空间为线索，按事件的发生、发展、结局展开故事；议论文则包含论点、论据、结论三大要素，通过解释、举例来阐述观点。
四、逻辑推理，做好深层理解题。
深层理解主要包括归纳概括题(中心思想，加标题等)和推理判断题，是阅读理解中的难点。
深层理解是一种创造性的思维活动。
它必须忠实于原文，以文章提供的事实和线索为依据，立足已知推断未知，不能凭空想像，随意揣测；读者要对文字的表面信息进行分析、挖掘和逻辑推理，不能就事论事，以偏概全。
推理题在提问中常用的词有：conclude，infer，imply，suggest，indicate等。
2020高考英语新课标大二轮辅导专题三 阅读理解3-7
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专题三 第七讲
大二轮专题辅导与增分攻略 ·英语
Step2 文体分析·解题方略须明了 记叙文章抓三点，人物地点与时间。 顺叙倒叙或插叙，事件经过须了然。 叙人叙事为一理，情感更于字行间。 细节题干精准匹，推理判断解疑难。
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专题三 第七讲
大二轮专题辅导与增分攻略 ·英语
一、阅读理解中记叙文的文体和结构特点 记叙文以描写叙述为主，主要描写人物、事件、地点或过程。 其特点是：主题往往隐藏在字里行间，没有直接地表达出来；文 章主旨要通过人物、事件来进行提炼；文章大多按时间跨度、空 间顺序、上下顺序来展开。阅读记叙文应采取略读和扫读的方法， 快速抓住文中描写的主要内容，从整体上把握文章的连贯性，进 而大体上揣测出作者的写作意图及文章的情感主线。
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大二轮专题辅导与增分攻略 ·英语
二、阅读理解中记叙文的答题误区 记叙文阅读理解题的易错点往往在多个事件的先后顺序与 人物的情感态度上。解题时，一方面要依据文章的顺序和故事的 发展弄清一系列事件的先后顺序以及它们之间的逻辑关系，必要 时可以对时间和事件进行排序；另一方面，还要根据人物的处境 和描写、议论时所用的特定词语来准确把握人物的情感与态度， 做到入情入境，特别要留意描写和议论时所用的形容词和副词。
大二轮专题辅导与增分攻略 ·英语
4．Why does the author like doing volunteer work? A．It gives her a sense of duty. B．It makes her very happy. C．It enables her to work hard. D．It brings her material rewards.
2020年高考英语重难点专练二 阅读理解之记叙文附答案
重难点02 阅读理解之记叙文【命题趋势】记叙文类文章描述的是一件具体事情的发生、发展和结局，通常有时间、地点、人物、事件等。
有些文章是按事件发展的经过为主线叙述的，在叙述的过程中有详有略；有些文章是按时间的顺序叙述的，有顺叙、倒叙等。
从总体上来讲，文章的难度通常不大，在阅读过程中，我们一直在某个线索的引导下，随着作者的思路去了解一个故事或一件事情的始末，因此会感到比较轻松。
命题往往从故事的情节、人物或事件之间的关系、作者的意图和态度、故事的前因和后果等方面入手，考查学生对细节的辨认能力以及推理判断能力。
阅读此类文章应特别注意：（1）若是一般故事性文章，应读懂故事的发生、发展、高潮和结局；（2）若是＂哲理故事＂，要理解故事所蕴含的哲理意义；（3）若是＂逸闻趣事＂，应体会对话的风趣性，进而才能感受幽默的精髓。
【满分技巧】高考阅读理解体裁纷繁多样，但每套试卷通常包含一到两篇记叙文。
在所有的阅读体裁中，记叙文的难度相对是比较低的。
如果掌握了阅读的技巧，多多实践，阅读能力就有可能大大提高。
要熟练掌握记叙文的阅读技巧，了解记叙文的写作特点与命题特点也是有必要的。
一、记叙文写作特点记叙文是一种记载和叙述事件由来，描绘事物和人物情景状态、过程及发展的文体。
消息、通讯、传记、游记、小说、童话、寓言以及记叙性的散文等文体，都属于记叙文的范畴。
就写作顺序而言，记叙文要么是按时间顺序，要么是按事件的重要性的顺序来展开。
不管是哪种叙述方法，最后经常会有一两句话抒发作者的情绪与感悟，这是记叙文的精华所在，也是阅读的难点所在，可谓＂一篇之妙，在于落句＂。
二、记叙文命题特点从命题形式上看，常见的有细节理解、词义猜测、主旨大意、推理判断、作者意图等题型。
除了推论或词义辨识题，记叙文命题的顺序一般都会按照文章的脉络和故事发展的顺序层层推进，否则就会觉得别扭，逻辑不通。
同时，记叙文需要事件的发展过程作支撑，一半以上的题目都会用来检测考生对故事的了解，因此，我们必须弄明白整件事情的发展脉络。
2020年高考英语第二轮复习名师精编阅读理解详解
高考英语第二轮复习名师精编阅读理解详解一ASandra Cisneros was born in Chicago in 1954 to a Mexican American family. As the only girl in a family of seven children, she often felt like she had “seven fathers,” because her six brothers, as well as her father, tried to control her. Feeling shy and unimportant, she retreated(躲避) into books. Despite her love of reading, she did not do well in elementary school because she was too shy to participate.In high school, with the encouragement of one particular teacher, Cisneros improved her grades and worked for the school literary magazine. Her father encouraged her to go to college because her thought it would be a good way for her to find a husband. Cisneros did attend college, but instead of searching for a husband, she found a teacher who helped her join the famous graduate writing program at the University of Iowa. At the university’s Writers’Workshop, however, she felt lonely----a Mexican American from a poor neighborhood among students from wealthy families. The feeling of being so different helped Cisneros find her “Creative voice.”“It was not until this moment when I considered myself truly different that my writing acquired a voice. I knew I was a Mexican woman, but I didn’t think it had anything to do with why I felt so muchimbalance in my life, but it had everything to do with it! That’s when I decided I would write about something my classmates couldn’t write about.”Cisneros published her first work, The House on Mango Street, when she was twenty-nine. The book tells about a young Mexican American girl growing up in a Spanish-speaking area in Chicago, much like the neighborhoods in which Cisneros lived as a child. The book won an award in 1985 and has been used in classes from high school through graduate school level. Since then, Cisneros has published several books of poetry, a children’s book, and a short-story collection.1. Which of the following is TRUE about Cisneros in her childhood?A. She had seven brothers.B. She felt herself a nobody.C. She was too shy to go to school.D. She did not have any good teachers.2. The graduate program gave Cisneros a chance to _____.A. work for a school magazineB. run away from her familyC. make a lot of friendsD. develop her writing style3. According to Cisneros, what played the decisive role in her success?A. Her early years in college.B. Her training in the Workshop.C. Her feeling of being different.D. Her childhood experience.4. What do we learn about The House on Mango Street?A. It is quite popular among students.B. It is the only book ever written by Cisneros.C. It wasn’t success as it was written in Spanish.D. It won an award when Cisneros was twenty-nine.BI love charity(慈善) shops and so do lots of other people in Britain because you find quite a few of them on every high street. The charity shop is a British institution, selling everything from clothes to electric goods, all at very good prices. You can get things you won’t find in the shops anymore. The thing I like best about them is that your money is going to a good cause and not into the pockets of profit-driven companies, and you are not damaging the planet, but finding a new home for unwanted goods.The first charity shop was opened in 1947 by Oxfam. The famous charity’s appeal to aid postwar Greece had been so successful it had been flooded with donations(捐赠物). They decided to set up a shop to sell some of these donations to raise money for that appeal. Now there are over 7,000 charity shops in the UK. My favourite charity shop in myhometown is the Red Cross shop, where I always find children’s books, all 10 or 20 pence each.Most of the people working in the charity shops are volunteers, although there is often a manager who gets paid. Over 90% of the goods in the charity shops are donated by the public. Every morning you see bags of unwanted items outside the front of shops, although they don’t encourage this, rather ask people to bring things in when the shop is open.The shops have very low running costs: all profits go to charity work. Charity shops raise more than ￡110 million a year, funding（资助）medical research, overseas aid, supporting sick and poor children, homeless and disabled people, and much more. What better place to spend your money? You get something special for a very good price and a good moral sense. You provide funds to a good cause and tread lightly on the environment.5. The author loves the charity shop mainly because of _______.A. its convenient locationB. its great variety of goodsC. its spirit of goodwillD. its nice shopping environment6. The first charity shop in the UK was set up to ____.A. sell cheap productsB. deal with unwanted thingsC. raise money for patientsD. help a foreign country7. Which of the following is TRUE about charity shops?A. The operating costs are very low.B. The staff are usually well paid.C. 90% of the donations are second-hand.D. They are open twenty-four hours a day.8. Which of the following may be the best title for the passage?A. What to Buy a Charity Shops.B. Charity Shop: Its Origin & Development.C. Charity Shop: Where You Buy to Donate.D. The Public’s Concern about Charity Shops.CMichael Fish may soon be replaced as a weather forecaster by something truly fishier---the shark(鲨鱼).Research by a British biology student suggests that sharks could be used to predict storms.Lauren Smith, 24, is close to completing her study on shark’s ability to sense pressure.If her studies prove the theory, scientists may be able to monitor the behaviour of sharks to predict bad weather.Miss Smith had previously studied the behaviour of lemon sharks inthe Bahamas.She then used their close relatives, lesser spotted dogfish, for further research at Aberdeen University.Her work---thought to be the first of its kind to test the pressure theory ---- resulted from the observation that juvenile blacktip sharks off Florida moved into deeper water ahead of a violent storm in 2001.Miss Smith said: “I’ve always been crazy about traveling and diving and this led me to an interest in sharks.”“I was delighted to have been able to research in the area for my degree. I know there’s so much more we need to understand ---- but it certainly opens the way to more research.”It has been discovered that a shark senses pressure using hair cells in its balance system.At the Bimini Shark Lab in the Bahamas, Miss Smith fixed hi-tech sensors to sharks to record pressure and temperature, while also tracking them using GPS (Global Positioning System) technology.In Aberdeen, she was able to study the effects of tidal(潮汐的) and temperature changes on dogfish----none of which were harmed. She also used a special lab which can mimic(模拟) oceanic pressure changes caused by weather fronts.She is due to complete her study and graduate later this year. She says she will be looking for a job which will give her the chance to enrichher experience of shark research.9 The passage is most probably taken from _____.A. a short-story collectionB. a popular science magazineC. a research paperD. a personal diary10. What do we learn from the first four paragraph of the passage?A. Sharks may be used to predict bad weather.B. Sharks’ behaviour can be controlled.C. Michael Fish is not qualified for his job.D. Lauren Smith will become a weather forecaster.11. Lauren Smith conducted her research by _______.A. removing hair cells from a shark’s balance systemB. measuring the air pressure of weather frontsC. recording sharks’ body temperatureD. monitoring sharks’ reaction to weather changes12. What is the passage mainly about?A. A popular way of forecasting weather.B. A new research effort in predicting storms.C. Biologists’ interest in the secrets of sharks.D. Lauren Smith’s devotion to scientific research.DWe can achieve knowledge either actively or passively（被动地）. We achieve it actively by direct experience, by testing and proving an idea, or by reasoning.We achieve knowledge passively by being told by someone else. Most of the learning that takes place in the classroom and the kind that happens when we watch TV or read newspapers or magazines is passive. Conditioned as we are to passive learning, it’s not surprising that we depend on it in our everyday communication with friends and co-workers.Unfortunately, passive learning has a serious problem. It makes us tend to accept what we are told even when it is little more than hearsay and rumor(谣言).Did you ever play the game Rumor? It begins when one person writes down a message but doesn’t show it to anyone. Then the person whispers it, word for word, to another person. That person, in turn, whispers it to still another, and so on, through all the people playing the game. The last person writes down the message word for word as he or she hears it. Then the two written statements are compared. Typically, the original message has changed.That’s what happens in daily life. The simple fact that people repeat a story in their own words changes the story. Then, too, most people listen imperfectly. And many enjoy adding their own creative touch to astory, trying to improve on it, stamping（打上标记）it with their own personal style. Yet those who hear it think they know.This process is also found among scholars and authors: A statement of opinion by one writer may be re-stated as fact by another, who may in turn be quoted by yet another; and this process may continue, unless it occurs to someone to question the facts on which the original writer based his opinion or to challenge the interpretation he placed upon those facts.13. According to the passage, passive learning may occur in _______.A. doing a medical experimentB. solving a math problemC. visiting an exhibitionD. doing scientific reasoning14. The underlined word “it” in Paragraph 2 refers to _____.A. active learningB. knowledgeC. communicationD. passive learning15. The author mentions the game Rumor to show that _____.A. a message may be changed when being passed onB. a message should be delivered in different waysC. people may have problems with their sense of hearingD. people tend not to believe in what they know as rumor16. What can we infer from the passage?A. Active learning is less important.B. Passive learning may not be reliable.C. Active learning occurs more frequently.D. Passive learning is not found among scholars.EAs kids, my friends and I spent a lot of time out in the woods. “The woods” was our part-time address, destination, purpose, and excuse. If I went to a friend’s house and found him not at home, his mother might say, “Oh, he’s out in the woods, ” with a tone(语气) of airy acceptance. It’s similar to the tone people sometimes use nowadays to tell me that someone I’m looking for is on the golf course or at the gym, or even “away from his desk.” For us ten-year-olds, “being out in the woods” was just an excuse to do whatever we feel like for a while.We sometimes told ourselves that what we were doing in the woods was exploring(探索). Exploring was a more popular idea back then than it is today. History seemed to be mostly about explorers. Our explorations, though, seemed to have less system than the historic kind: something usually came up along the way. Say we stayed in the woods, throwing rocks, shooting frogs, picking blackberries, digging in what we were briefly persuaded was an Italian burial mound.Often we got “lost”and had to climb a tree to find out where wewere. If you read a story in which someone does that successfully, be skeptical: the topmost branches are usually too skinny to hold weight, and we could never climb high enough to see anything except other trees.There were four or five trees that we visited regularly----tall beeches, easy to climb and comfortable to sit in.It was in a tree, too, that our days of fooling around in the woods came to an end. By then some of us has reached seventh grade and had begun the rough ride of adolescence（青春期）. In March, the month when we usually took to the woods again after winter, two friends and I set out to go exploring. We climbed a tree, and all of a sudden it occurred to all three of us at the same time that were really were rather big to be up in a tree. Soon there would be the spring dances on Friday evenings in the high school cafeteria.17. The author and his fiends were often out in the woods to _______.A. spend their free timeB. play gold and other sportsC. avoid doing their schoolworkD. keep away from their parents18. What can we infer from Paragraph 2?A. The activities in the woods were well planned.B. Human history is not the result of exploration.C. Exploration should be a systematic activity.D. The author explored in the woods aimlessly.19. The underlined word “skeptical” in Paragraph 3 is closest in meaning to ______.A. calmB. doubtfulC. seriousD. optimistic20. How does the author feel about his childhood?A. Happy but short.B. Lonely but memorable.C. Boring and meaningless.D. Long and unforgettable.（A）本篇文章为我们介绍了一个人物——有一个害羞的小女孩成为知名作家的故事，着重描述了她独特写作风格形成的原因 .1.B 事实细节题。
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专题 36 阅读理解之文章结构关键词：阅读理解,文章结构,上下文推理,语境难度系数：✱✱✱✱推荐指数：✱✱✱✱✱【基础回顾】考点归纳：理解文章的基本结构英语文章讲究使用主题段和主题句。
主题段通常在文章开头，简要概括文章的中心思想，主题句可能在一段的开头，也可能在中间或末尾，作用是交代该段的中心思想，再由全段展开或讨论这个意思。
各个段落通常由某些起连接作用的词语连接，以使文章行文连贯。
如果希望准确、深刻地理解一篇文章，必须对文章的结构有所了解，把握住全篇的文脉，即句与句、段与段之间的逻辑关系。
基础必读：根据考纲要求（5）理解文章的基本结构可知，考查文章的基本结构是高考阅读测试的目标之一。
从其考查内容而言，可分为三种：考查考生对整个文章结构的组织能力；考查考生对后文内容的预测能力；考查考生对文章写作手法、修辞手段的鉴赏能力。
篇章结构主要的设题方式常有：（1）How is the passage organized?（2）Which of the following best shows the structure/organization of the passage?（3）What will the author most probably talk about next?（4）The author develops the passage mainly by _________.（5）The first paragraph serves as a（n）__________.（6）The example of … is given to show/illustrate that__________.【技能方法】篇章结构主要的解题策略常有：（1）了解文章结构的组织形式。
从段落组织方式上讲，常见的文章结构有三种：总分式结构（总→分；总→分→总；分→总）、并列式结构（段落之间是平行关系，并且相对独立）、对照式结构（结构形式上是一正一反）。
（2）了解文章的论证方法。
从论证方法上讲，常见的议论文结构有以下两类： Put forward a question →Analyze the question → Solve the question 即“提出问题、分析问题、解决问题”的过程；Argument/idea → Evidence → conclusion/ resta ting the idea 即“由论点到论据到结论或者强调论点”的过程。
（3）了解文章的修辞手法。
从修辞手法上讲，在高考阅读中主要考查下定义、分类说明、列举例证和对比等写作手法。
其中，“引用”和“例证”是议论文和说明文中最常用的写作手法之一。
是历年高考阅读试题中必不可缺的命题方向。
“引用”和“例证”的共同目的就是增强说服力，以更好的达到说理、说明的目的。
“引用”和“例证”的共同功能就是服务于段落或篇章的主题。
【基础达标】【黑龙江省双鸭山市第一中学2017届高三9月月考】The main reason people come to America is said to be that they can chase the American Dream. Everyone has heard of it, and many have died fighting for it. The only thing is that thereis no clear definition of the American Dream. It is not defined by one dream, but by all the opportunities that the United States offers. Since the founding of the United States, people have been striving to define the American Dream.In the play Death of a Salesman, every character is trying to realize his own versionof the American Dream. Willy feels that he has done so. He has spent his whole life as a not very successful salesman. As he gets older, he starts having conflicts with everyone in his life, and feels that only by killing himself will the people around him be able to finally be happy.Bernard, on the other hand, feels that the American Dream can only be achieved through career success. He shows that through hard work and dedication he will be crowned with success.The dialogue of the characters reveals the different attitudes they have toward the American Dream, and the reaction of Willy to the fact that Bernard is very successful while he is not.Many people try to achieve the American Dream, but few actually do so. As with any goal,it takes hard work and dedication to achieve the American Dream. In Death of a Salesman, all aspects of this goal are examined. For the goal to be achieved, the dream must be an attainable one which is worth working toward. It also must be a dream that the professional world accepts and finds useful.1.The underlined word “striving” probably has the same meaning as “_________”.A. trying hardB. giving upC. bending down D standing still]2.According to the text, Death of a Salesman tries to tell us _________.A. what the American Dream is likeB. why Willy decides to kill himselfC. about Bernard’s dedication to his work?D. the life stories of Willy and Bernard3.According to the author, Bernard is successful because _________.A. he understands the real worldB. he knows how to take advantage of his knowledgeC. he works hard to achieve his goalsD. he is popular around the world4.What would be the correct structure of the text?3.C推理判断题。
根据第三段Bernard, feels that the American Dream can only be achieved through career success. He shows that through hard work and dedication he will be crowned with success.可知Bernard是按照自己理解的美国梦去努力的，故选C.4.B推理判断题。
文章开头提出人们为之奋斗的美国梦是什么，提出问题；然后用具体事例说明人们对美国梦的不同理解和做法；最后总结梦想应该是可达到的有用的能接受的，并且为之努力。
结构为总-分-总，故选B.考点：考查社会生活类短文阅读。
【能力提升】【湖北省沙市中学2017届高三上学期第三次考试】Imagine a mass of floating waste is two times the size of the state of Texas. Texas has a land area of more than 678 000 square kilometers. So it might be difficult to imagine anything twice as big.All together, this mass of waste flowing in the North Pacific Ocean is known as the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch. It weighs about 3 500 000 tons. The waste includes bags，bottlesand containers—plastic products of all kinds.The eastern part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch is about l 600 kilometers west of California. The western part is west of the Hawaiian Islands and east of Japan. The area has been described as a kind of oceanic desert，with light winds and slow moving water currents. The water moves so slow that garbage from all over the world collects there.In recent years，there have been growing concerns about the floating garbage and its effect on sea creatures and human health. Scientists say thousands of animals get trapped in the floating waste，resulting in death or injury. Even more die from a lack of food or water after swallowing pieces of plastic. The trash can also make animals feel full， lessening their desire to eat or drink.The floating garbage also can have harmful effects on people. There is an increased threat of infection of disease from polluted waste，and from eating fish that swallowed waste. Divers can also get trapped in the plastic.Its existence first gained public attention in l997. That was when racing boat captain and oceanographer Charles Moore and his crew sailed into the garbage while returning from a racing event. Five years earlier，another oceanographer learned of the trash after a shipment of rubber duckies got lost at sea. Many of those toys are now part of the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch.In August，2009，a team from the University of California，San Diego became the latest group to travel to it. They were shocked by the amount of waste they saw. They gathered hundreds of sea creatures and water samples to measure the garbage patch’s effec t on ocean environment.1.How did the writer introduce the topic of the passage?A. By giving an example.B. By listing the facts.C. By telling a story.D. By giving a comparison.2.What do we know about the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?A. It is made up of various kinds of plastic products.B. It is a solid mass of floating waste materials.C. It lies l60 000 kilometers east of California.D. It is described as a kind of oceanic desert.3.Why do people pay attention to the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch?A. Because it may prevent the flow of ocean water.B. Because the polluted plastic articles will move up the food chain.C. Because it may be from an island in the pacificD. Because ships may be trapped in the floating waste.4.The purpose of writing this passage is to____________.A. warn people of the danger to travel in the pacificB. analyze what caused the waste patch in the pacificC. give advice on how to recycle waste in the oceanD. introduce the Great Pacific Ocean Garbage Patch2.A细节推理题。