(完整word版)英国文学名词解释(word文档良心出品)
(完整版)英国文学名词解释
①Beowulf: The national heroic epic of the English people. It has over 3,000 lines. It describes the battles between the two monsters and Beowulf, who won the battle finally and dead for the fatal wound. The poem ends with the funeral of the hero. The most striking feature in its poetical form is the use if alliteration. Other features of it are the use of metaphors(暗喻) and of understatements(含蓄).②Alliteration: In alliterative verse, certain accented(重音) words in a line begin with the same consonant sound(辅音). There are generally 4accents in a line, 3 of which show alliteration, as can be seen from the above quotation.③Romance:The most prevailing(流行的) kind of literature in feudal England was the Romance. It was a long composition, sometimes in verse(诗篇), sometimes in prose(散文), describing the life and adventures of a noble hero, usually a knight, as riding forth to seek adventures, taking part in tournament(竞赛), or fighting for his lord in battle and the swearing of oaths.④Epic:An epic is a lengthy narrative poem, ordinarily concerning a serious subject containing details of heroic deeds and events significantly to a culture or nation. The first epics are known as primacy, or original epics.⑤Ballad: The most important department of English folk literature is the ballad which is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas(诗节), with the second and fourth lines rhymed. The subjects of ballads are various in kind, as the struggle of young lovers against their feudal-minded families, the conflict between love and wealth, the cruelty of jealousy, the criticism of the civil war, and the matters and class struggle. The paramount(卓越的) important ballad is Robin Hood(《绿林好汉》).⑥Geoffrey Chaucer杰弗里▪乔叟: He was an English author, poet, philosopher and diplomat. He is the founder of English poetry. He obtained a good knowledge of Latin, French and Italian. His best remembered narrative is the Canterbury Tales(《坎特伯雷故事集》), which the Prologue(序言) supplies a miniature(缩影) of the English society of Chaucer’s time. That is why Chaucer has been called “the founder of English realism”. Chaucer affirms men and women’s right to pursue their happiness on earth and opposes(反对) the dogma of asceticism(禁欲主义) preached(鼓吹) by the church. As a forerunner of humanism, he praises man’s energy, intellect, quick wit and love of life. Chaucer’s contribution to English poetry lies chiefly in the fact that he introduced from France the rhymed stanza of various types, especially the rhymed couplet of 5 accents in iambic(抑扬格) meter(the “heroic couplet”) to English poetry, instead of the old Anglo-Saxon alliterative verse.⑦【William Langland威廉▪朗兰: Piers the Plowman《农夫皮尔斯》】The English Bible:The first complete English Bible was translated by John Wycliffe(约翰▪威克里夫). The Authorized Version is King James Bible made in 1611. The result is a monument of English language and English literature.Renaissance:Renaissance or the birth of letters is an intellectual movement. Its two features are a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature and the keen interest in the activities of humanity. Humanism is the key-note of the Renaissance.William Caxton威廉▪卡克斯顿: He is the first English printer and invented in England the profession of publisher.Thomas More托马斯▪莫尔:The greatest of the English humanists was Thomas More, the author of Utopia《乌托邦》. He is also one of such “giants”(巨匠) of the Renaissance. He distinguished himself as a learned scholar, a master of Latin, a witty talker, a lover of music, an honest statesman , and a man of noble character, modest but steadfast(坚定的), to his convictions. He was a far-sighted thinker, aspired for a totally new society with happy, classless, and free from poverty and exploitation. He was one of the forerunners of modern socialist thought.Utopia:It is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of a conservation between More and Hythloday, a returned voyager. It is divided into two books. The first book contains a long discussion on the social conditions of England. In the second book is described in detail an ideal communist society, Utopia. The name “Utopia” comes from Greek words meaning “no place” and was adopted by More as the name of his ideal commonwealth.Philip Sidney菲利普▪锡德尼: He is well-known as a poet and critic of poetry. His collection of love sonnets, Astrophel and Stella《爱星者与星》, was published in 1591.Edmund Spenser埃德蒙▪斯宾塞(莎翁之前最杰出的英国诗人)：The poet’s poet of the period was ES who was buried beside Chaucer in Westminster Abbey. ES has held his position as a model of poetical art among the Renaissance English poets, and his influence can be traced in the works of Milton, Shelley, and Keats. ES is the first master to make that language the natural music of his poetic effusions(感情的流露). His sonnets in Amoretti, together with Sidney’s Astrophel and Stella and Shakespeare’s sonnets ,are the most famous sonnet sequences of the Elizabeth Age.【In 1579 he wrote The Shepherd’s Calendar《牧人日记》which marked the budding(萌芽) of the Renaissance flower in the northern island of England. The faerie Queen 《仙后》is his greatest work which was dedicated to Queen Elizabeth.】Francis Bacon: He is the founder of English materialist philosophy and the founder of modern science in England. His New Instrument is called the Inductive Method of reasoning. He is also the first English essayist. To give a few, “Men fear death as children fear to go in the dark..”“Studies serve for delight.”“Reading makes a full man; conference a ready man; and writing anexact man.”Drama: The Miracle Play圣迹剧The Morality Play道德剧寓意剧The Interlude幕间节目Christopher Marlowe克里斯托弗·马洛: The most gifted of the “university wits”was Christopher Marlowe. His best work include 3 of his plays, Tamburlaine《帖木儿大帝》(1587), The Jew of Malta《马耳岛的犹太人》(1592), and Doctor Faustus《浮士德博士》(1588). He was the greatest of the pioneers of English drama. His work paved the way for the plays of the greatest English dramatist——Shakespeare——whose achievements were the monument of the English Renaissance. 【His plays show the spirit of the rising bourgeoisie, its eager curiosity for knowledge, its towering pride, its insatiable(不知足的) appetite for power won by military, might, knowledge, or gold. The theme of his plays is the praise of individuality freed from the restraints of medieval dogmas and law, and the conviction of the boundless possibility of human efforts in conquering the universe. The heroes in his plays are merely individualists, their individualistic ambition often brings ruin to the world and sometimes to themselves.】William Shakespeare: Shakespeare is one of the founders of realism in world literature. His dramatic creation often used the method of adaptation. Shakespeare long experience with the stage and his intimate knowledge of dramatic art thus acquired make him a master hand for playwriting. Shakespeare was skilled in many poetic forms: the song, the sonnet, the couplet, and the dramatic blank verse. He was especially at home with the blank verse. Shakespeare was a great master of the English language. Shakespeare has been universally acknowledged to be the summit of the English Renaissance, and one of the greatest writers over the world.①The great comedies:A Midsummer Might’s Dream, The Merchant of Venice, As You Like It,Twelfth Night.②The great tragedies:Hamlet, Othello, King Lear, Macbeth.The Merchant of V enice:威尼斯富商安东尼奥Antonio为了成全好友巴萨尼奥Bassanio的婚事，向犹太人高利贷者夏洛克Shylock借债。
罗经果英国文学期末考试会出现的名词解释（自己整理,超实用的!）
罗经果英国文学期末考试会出现的名词解释（自己整理,超实用的!）1.epic 史诗a long narrative poem, grand in style, about heroes and heroic deeds, embodyingheroic ideals of a nation or race in the making. Beowulf is the English national epic that was passed from mouth to mouth and written down by many unknown hands. Other examples of epic poems are Edmund Spenser's The Faerie Queene, John Milton's Paradise Lost, William Wordsworth's The Prelude, Elizabeth Barret Browning's Aurora Leigh, and T. S. Eliot's "The Waste Land."2.caesura 停顿a break or pause in a line of poetry, dictated by the natural rhythm of the languageand sometimes enforced by punctuation. In Old English verse, such as Beowulf, the caesura was used rather monotonously to indicate the half line.3.alliteration 头韵the repetition of the same sound or sounds at the beginning of two or more words that are close to each other. It is a feature of Beowulf and other Old English poems.4.alliterative verse 头韵诗poetry written in alliteration. Nearly all Old English verse, including Beowulf, is heavily alliterative, and the pattern is fairly standard –with either two or three stressed syllables in each line alliterating.5.kenning 隐喻语a metaphor usually composed of two words and used for description andassociation. Beowulf is full of kennings, such as “helmet bearer” for “warrior” and “swan road” for “sea”.6.romanceoriginally refers to the vernacular (native) language, as opposed to Latin, and later it means a popular literary form in the medieval period which uses narrative verse or prose to sing knightly adventures or other heroic deeds.Sir Gawain and the Green Knight was a great verse romance.7.allegoryIt is a story or description in which the characters and events symbolize some deeper underlying meaning, and serve to spread moral teaching.It has a primary meaning and a secondary meaning . In an allegory, abstract qualities or ideas, such as patience, purity, or truth, are personified as characters in the story.8.rhythmbriefly speaking, rhythm is a regular repeated pattern of movement or sound.In poetry, two main factors contribute to the formation of rhythm are the recurrence of stresses and pauses. That is the regular repeated appearance of stressed syllables and unstressed syllables and pauses.9.foot 音步is the unit of rhythm in verse composed of accented and unaccented syllables.Different patterns of arrangements of stressed and unstressed syllables are given different names. The commonest foot in English verse is iamb; the commonest line is five-foot line, called pentameter. William Shakespeare’s “Sonnet 18”contains fourteen iambic pentameter lines.10.meter 格律is the rhythm established by the use of the specific foot, in another word, the specific arrangement of stressed and unstressed syllables. The number of feet in a line forms another means of describing the meter: monometer (one foot), dimeter (two), trimeter (three), tetrameter (four), pentameter (five) hexameter (six).heptameter(7).octameter(8).11.rhyme 韵律the sameness or similarity of the sounds at the end of the poetry lines.12.rhyme scheme 押韵格式the pattern of end-thymes in a stanza or poem, generally described by using letters of the alphabet to denote the recurrence of rhyming lines. For example, heroic couplets are “aabbcc” and so on.13.iambic pentameter 五步抑扬格the basic line in English verse, with five feet in a line, usually an unaccented syllable followed by an accented syllable. It was probably introduced by Geoffrey Chaucer and certainly established by him in The Canterbury Tales14.heroic couplet 英雄双韵体They are poetry composed in iambic pentameter. In this form of poetry, lines consisting of five iambic feet rime together in pairs with the rhyme scheme :aabbcc. Geoffrey Chaucer’s masterpiece The Canterbury Tale was written in heroic couplet and it was best represented by Alexander Pope.15.ballad meter 民谣体traditionally a four-line stanza containing alternating four-stress and three-stress lines, usually with a refrain and the rhyme scheme of abcb. Robert Burns’ “A Red, Red Rose” is a great love balla d.16.ballad民谣It is a story in poetic form, often about tragic love and usually sung. Ballads were passed down from generation to generation by singers. The medieval ballads are ballads of Robin Hood.17.Renaissancemarks the transition from the medieval to the modern world. It first started in Italy in the 14th century and gradually spread all over Europe. The word “Renaissance” means rebirth or revival. In essence, it is a historical period in which the European humanist thinkers and scholars made attempts to get rid of those old feudalist ideas in medieval Europe and introduce new ideas that expressed the interests of the rising bourgeoisie, and to lift the restriction in all areas placed by the Roman Catholic Church authorities. Two features of renaissance: It is a thirsting curiosity for the classical literature. People learned to admire the Greek and Latin works as models of literary form. It is the keen interest in the activities of humanity.18.Dramais a genre of literature, in which the words are mainly dialogue. People talking is the basic dramatic action. The essential quality of drama is interaction since it used words to create action through the dialogue of characters talking to one another rather than to the reader.19.Spenserian stanza:is a group of eight lines of iambic pentameter followed by a six-stress iambic line, with a rhyme scheme ababbcbcc. further utilized by Milton, Gray, Keats, Shelley, Byron and Tennyson.20.University Wits :in 16th century a number of university students began to write plays after the model of Roman dramatist and they werethe predecessors to Shakespeare:Robert Greene, Thomas Kyd and Christopher Marlowe.21.Elizabethan literatureliterature written in the Elizabethan Age (1558-1603).22.sonnet 十四行诗A lyric poem of fourteen lines whose ryhme scheme is fixed. The rhyme scheme in the Italianform as typified in the sonnets of Petrarch is abbaabba cdecde. The Petrarchian sonnet has two divisions: the first is of eight lines (the octave), and the second is of six lines (the sestet). The rhyme scheme of the English, or Shakespearean sonnet is abab cdcd efef gg. The change of rhyme in the English sonnet is coincidental with a change of theme in the poem. The meter is iambic pentameter.23.blank verse 无韵诗unrhymed iambic pentameter, the most widely used of English verse forms and usually used in English dramatic and epic poetry. It was first made the principal instrument of English drama by Christopher Marlowe and it was the chief verse form used by Shakespeare.John Milton’s Paradise Lost was also written in this form.24.The Metaphysical poetsA term that is now applied to a group of 17th-century poets who, whether or notdirectly influenced by John Donne, employ similar poetic procedures and imagery, both in secular poetry and in religious poetry.25.The Metaphysical poetry(课本P147)26.essay 散文a composition, usually in prose, which may be of only a fewhundred words or ofbook length and which discusses, formally or informally, a topic or a variety of topics. It is one of the most flexible and adaptable of all literary forms. Francis Bacon is a great essayist; his “Of Studies” is a model of good essay.27.Lyric:A poem, brief and discontinuous, emphasizes sound and pictorial imagery rather thannarrative or dramatic movement.。
英国文学 名词解释整理版
名词解释●Epic:A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of thesociety from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral form and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.●Alliteration: a rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonantsound（头韵.Kenning: A figurative, usually compound expression used in place of a name or noun, especially in Old English and Old Norse poetry; for example, storm of swords is a kenning for battle.understatement: expressing something in a controlled way●Romance: a long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life andadventures of a noble hero.●Knight -central character of romancesIt is a special group of people existed in the Middle Age in Europe. Nearly all nobles were knights.However, nobody was born a knight. One nobleman must experience hard training and then the king will give him knighthood.● A ballad is a story told in song, usually in 4-line stanzas, with the second and fourth lines rhymed.●The Renaissance,which means “rebirth” or “revival”, is actually an intellectual movement with athirsting curiosity for classical literature and the keen interest in the activities of humanity.●Humanism: Key-note of the Renaissance, and the very weapon for the bourgeoisie to use in itsfight against feudalism restrictions and the dominating influence of the church, which had ruled men’s minds for centuries.●The Elizabeth Age (1558-1603): England enjoyed peaceful development under the rule of QueenElizabeth I, who maintained a balance of between the Protestants and the Catholics.●Sonnet: A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnetgenerally expresses a single theme or idea.●Blank verse: Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.●Spenserian stanza: A nine-line stanza with the following rhyme scheme: ababbcbcc. The first eightlines are written in iambic pentameter. The ninth line is written in iambic hexameter.●“The University Wits”?They are a group of young men, almost all of them studied at the universities of Oxford or Cambridge, and then set up as professional writers, selling their learning and their “wits” to London public of playgoers, and to the reading public as well.The University Wits: Lyly, Peele, Marlowe, Green, Lodge and Nash.● A "humour" is a predominant pecularity of a certain person, which determines his behaviour,thoughts and manner of speech.●The Metaphysical PoetsMetaphysical is a school of poetry appeared about the beginning of the 17th century.John Donne was the founder.Generally speaking, the works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.。
英国文学史名词解释
英国文学史名词解释英国文学史是西方文学史中重要的一个分支，它以英国作家的作品为研究对象，涵盖了从中世纪到现代的众多文学作品和文学流派。
在这篇文章中，我将解释一些与英国文学史相关的重要名词，帮助读者更好地理解和欣赏英国文学的发展历程。
1. Beowulf (《贝奥武夫》)《贝奥武夫》是一部古老的英国史诗，被认为是英国文学史上最早的重要文学作品之一。
它讲述了贝奥武夫这位英勇的斗士与怪物格列伦德之间的战斗，强调了英雄气概和荣誉观念。
2. Elizabethan Age (伊丽莎白时代)伊丽莎白时代是英国文学史上一段璀璨的时期，时间跨度大约是1558年到1603年，得名于当时的女王伊丽莎白一世。
莎士比亚和培根等众多杰出的文学家在这个时代涌现，他们的作品对英国戏剧和文学产生了深远的影响。
3. Restoration (复辟时期)复辟时期是指英国历史上查理二世复辟王朝（1660年至1688年）期间的文学时期。
在这个时期，英国文学经历了从古典主义到启蒙思想的转变，作家们开始关注社会问题，并使用更加通俗的语言创作。
4. Romanticism (浪漫主义)浪漫主义是18世纪末至19世纪初在英国兴盛的一种文学运动，它强调个人情感和情感共鸣，对自然界、个体感受和非理性有着强烈的兴趣。
威廉·华兹华斯、塞缪尔·柯勒律治和约翰·济慈等浪漫主义诗人的作品在这一时期达到了巅峰。
5. Victorian Era (维多利亚时代)维多利亚时代是19世纪英国的一个时期，得名于维多利亚女王。
这个时期的文学作品反映了当时社会的道德伦理观念和社会问题，女性权益和道德拯救等主题常常被探索和讨论。
查尔斯·狄更斯、艾米丽·勃朗特和托马斯·哈代是这个时期最著名的文学家之一。
6. Modernism (现代主义)现代主义是20世纪初在英国兴起的一种文学运动，它反对传统形式和传统价值观，并试图通过新颖的写作风格和形式来呈现当时复杂多变的现实。
(完整word版)英国文学史习题全集(含答案)(word文档良心出品)
Part One Early and Medieval English LiteratureⅠ. Fill in the blanks.1. In 1066, ____, with his Norman army, succeeded in invading and defeating England.A. William the ConquerorB. Julius CaesarC. Alfred the GreatD. Claudius2. In the 14th century, the most important writer (poet) is ____ .A. LanglandB. WycliffeC. GowerD. Chaucer3. The prevailing form of Medieval English literature is ____.A. novelB. dramaC. romanceD. essay4. The story of ___ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales5. William Langland’s ____ is written in the form of a dream vision.A. Kubla KhanB. Piers the PlowmanC. The Dream of John BullD. Morte d’Arthur6. After the Norman Conquest, three languages existed in England at that time. The Normans spoke _____.A. FrenchB. EnglishC. LatinD. Swedish7. ______ was the greatest of English religious reformers and the first translator of the Bible.A. LanglandB. GowerC. WycliffeD. Chaucer8. Piers the Plowman describes a series of wonderful dreams the author dreamed, through which, we can see a picture of the lifein the ____ England.A. primitiveB. feudalC. bourgeoisD. modern9. The theme of ____ to king and lord was repeatedly emphasized in romances.A. loyaltyB. revoltC. obedienceD. mockery10. The most famous cycle of English ballads centers on the stories about a legendary outlaw called _____.A. Morte d’ArthurB. Robin HoodC. The Canterbury TalesD. Piers the Plowman11. ______, the “father of English poetry” and one of the greatest narrative poets of England, was born in London in about 1340.A. Geoffrey ChaucerB. Sir GawainC. Francis BaconD. John Dryden12. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in ____.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey13. Chaucer’s earliest work of any length is his _____, a translation of the French Roman de la Rose by Gaillaume de Lorris a ndJean de Meung, which was a love allegory enjoying widespread popularity in the 13th and 14th centuries not only in France but throughout Europe.A. The Romaunt of the RoseB. “A Red, Red Rose”C. The Legend of Good WomenD. The Book of the Duchess14. In his lifetime Chaucer served in a great variety of occupations that had impact on the wide range of his writings. Which one isnot his career? ____.A. engineerB. courtierC. office holderD. soldierE. ambassadorF. legislator (议员)15. Chaucer composes a long narrative poem named _____ based on Boccaccio’s poem “Filostrato”.A. The Legend of Good WomenB. Troilus and CriseydeC. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightD. BeowulfKey to the multiple choices：1-5 ADCAB 6-10 ACBAB 11-15 ADAAB自考真题2002-4.Romance,which uses narrative verse or prose to tell stories of ___ adventures or other heroic deeds, is a popular literary form3in the medieval period.A.ChristianB.knightlyC.GreekD.primitive（B）●Among the great Middle English poets, Geoffrey Chaucer is known for his production of ___.A.Piers PlowmanB.Sir Gawain and the Green KnightC.Confessio AmantisD.The Canterbury Tales（D）●The work that presented, for the first time in English literature, a comprehensive realistic picture of the medieval Englishsociety and created a whole gallery of vivid characters from all walks of life is most likely ______________.A．William Langland’ s Piers Plowman B．G eoffrey Chaucer’s The Canterbury TalesC．John Gower’s Confession Amantis D．Sir Gawain and the Green Knight（B）Ⅱ. Questions1.What are the features of Beowulf?ment on the social significance and language in The Canterbury Tales.Part Two The English RenaissanceⅠ. Match the writer and his works.1.Thomas More2.Holinshed3.Hakluyt4.Richard Tottel5.Philip Sidney6.Walter Raleigh A.Apology for PoetryB.Miscellany of Songs and SonnetsC.UtopiaD.Discovery of GuianaE.Principal Navigations, V oyages and DiscoveriesF.ChroniclesThe key: (1—C 2—F 3—E 4—B 5—A 6—D)Ⅱ. Choose the best answer.1._____ founded the Tudor Dynasty, a centralized monarchy of a totally new type, which met the needs of the rising bourgeoisie.A. Henry VB. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. James I2.The first complete English Bible was translated by _______, “the morning star of the Reformation” and his followers.A. William TyndalB. James IC. John WycliffeD. Bishop Lancelot Andrews3.The progress in industry at home stimulated the commercial expansion abroad. ____ encouraged exploration and travel, whichwere compatible with the interests of the English merchants.A. Henry V.B. Henry VIIC. Henry VIIID. Queen Elizabeth4.Except being a vic tory of England over ___, the rout of the fleet “Armada” (Invincible) was also the triumph of the risingyoung bourgeoisie over the declining old feudalism.A. SpainB. FranceC. AmericaD. Norway5.Those, both traders and pirates like ____, established the first English colonies.A. Francis DrakeB. Lancelot AndrewsC. William CaxtonD. William Tyndal6.____ was a forerunner of classicism in English literature.A. Ben JohnsonB. William Shakespeare4C. Thomas MoreD. Christopher Marlowe7.The most gifted of the “university wits” was ____.A. LylyB. PeeleC. GreeneD. Marlowe8.Morality plays appeared after_____.A. miracle playsB. mystery playsC. interludeD. Classical plays9._____ is used to say and do good things.A. MercyB. FollyC. ViceD. Peace10._____is one of the forerunners of modern socialist thought.A. Phillip SidneyB. Edmund SpenserC. Thomas MoreD. Walter Raleigh11._____ is not a famous translator in the English Renaissance.A. Thomas NorthB. Thomas WyattC. George ChapmanD. John Florio12.____ had supplied Shakespeare with the material for Julius Caesar.A.Lives of Greek and Roan Heroes《希腊罗马名人传》B.Miscellany of Songs and SonnetsC.Don QuixoteD.History of the World13.____ was one of the first to see the relation between wealth and poverty to understand that the rich were becoming richer byrobbing the poor.A. John WycliffeB. William CaxtonC. Geoffrey ChaucerD. Thomas More14.Utopia was written in the form of _____.A. proseB. dramaC. essayD. dialogue15.One of the popular morality plays was ____.A. The ShepherdsB. EverymanC. The Play of the WeatherD. Gammer Gurton’s Needle16.Shakespeare’s plays written between _____ are sometimes called “romances” and all end in reconciliation and reunion.A. 1590 and 1594B. 1595 and 1600C. 1601 and 1607D. 1608 and 161217.Miranda is a heroine in Shakespeare’s ______.A. PericlesB. CymbelineC. The Winter’s TaleD. The Tempest18.In _____ appeared Shakespeare’s Sonnet，Never before Imprinted（《莎士比亚十四行诗》“迄今从未刊印过”）which contains154 sonnets.A. 1606B. 1607C. 1608 160919.Shakespeare is one of the founders of ____.A. romanticismB. realismC. naturalismD. classicism20.Among many poetic forms, Shakespeare was especially at home (good at) with the _______.A. dramatic blank verseB. songC. sonnetD. couplet21.In the plays, Shakespeare used about ______words.A. 15000B. 16000C. 17000D. 1800022._____has been called the summit of the English Renaissance.A. Christopher MarlowB. Francis BaconC. W. ShakespeareD. Ben JohnsonKey to the multiple choices:1-5 BCDAA 6-10 DDCBA 11-15 BDADA 16-22 ACBADDBⅢ. Fill in the blanks.51.The ____ was universally used by the Catholic Churches.2.The English translation of the Bible emerged as a result of the struggle between ____ and ___.3.The Bible was notably translated into English by the ____.4.The first complete Engl ish Bible was translated by ____, “the morning star of the _____”.5._____ translated the New Testament and portions of the Old Testament, which is known as Tyndale’s Bible.6.After Tydale’s Bible, then appeared the ______, which was made in 1611 under the aus pices of _____. And so was sometimescalled the ____.7.Apart from the religious influence, the Authorized Version has had a great influence on English ___ and ____.8.With the widespread influence of the English Bible, the standard modern English has been _____ and _____.9. A great number of ____and phrases have passed into daily English speech as household words.10.The ____and ____ language of the Authorized Version has colored the style of the English prose for the last 300 years.11.____ was the first English printer.12.William Caxton was a prosperous merchant himself, but he was fond of ___ , and his interest was turning to ____.13.He translated The Recuyell of Historyes of Troy into English from French which was the ___ book printed in English.14.The Recuyell served as a source for ____ Troilus and Cressida. 《特洛埃勒斯与克雷雪达》15.After having established his printing press, William Caxton devoted himself to the career of a ____ and _____.16.William Caxton published about ____ books, ___ of which were translated by himself.17.By rendering (翻译) French books into English, Caxton exercised the youthful language in the airs (曲调), the graces, thecrafts of the elder and contributed to the development of the style of ___ century English ____.18.The influence of Caxton’s publications is also great in fixing a ____ language in England.19.As the first English printer, Caxton invented in England the profession of ____, which in fact has had a lasting significance tothe development of English ___ as a whole.20.The Renaissance started in the ______ century and ended in the ______century.21.The word, “renaissance” means ________, which was stimulated by a series of historical events, such as ________.22.In the Renaissance, the humanist thinkers and scholars tried to get rid of those old ____in medieval Europe, to introduce newideas that expresses ____ of the rising bourgeoisie, and to recover the ____of the early church from the corruption of the Roman Catholic Church.23.____ is the theme of the English Renaissance, which emphasized the capacities of ____and the achievements of ____.24.____ Stanza is a verse form created by _____ for his poem, ______, in which the rhyme scheme is ____.25.The Wars of the Roses (1455—1485) between the House of ___ and the House of ___ struggling for the Crown continued for30 years.26.Because of the conflict between the Roman Catholic Church and the King of England, the far-reaching movement of ___ tookplace in England, started by Henry VIII.27.After ___ in England, the helpless, dispossessed peasants, being compelled to work at a low wage, became hired laborers forthe merchants. These laborers were the fathers of modern English ___.28.The introduction of ___ to England by William Caxton (1476) brought classical works within reach of the common multitude.29.The 16th century in England was a period of the breaking up ____of relations and the establishing of the foundations of ____.30.Because the wool trade was rapidly growing in bulk, it was a time when, according to Thomas More, “___”.31.____ broke off with the Pope, dissolved all the monasteries and abbeys in the country, confiscated their lands and proclaimedhimself head of the Church of England.32.Together with the development of bourgeois relationships and formation of the English national state this period is marked bya flourishing of national culture known as ____.33.____, in his translation of Virgil’s Aeneid, wrote the first English blank verse.34.Richard Tottel’s Miscellany of Songs and Sonnets contained _____ poems by ______ and _____ by _____.35.Philip Sidney thought that _____ had superiority over philosophy and history.36._____ is a picture of contemporary England with forcible exposure of the ___ among the laboring classes.37.More points out that the root of poverty is the ____ _____ of social wealth.38.Sonnets contain _____ sonnets and ____ sonnets.39.The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its ____.40.The “miracles” were simple plays based on ______stories.641.There are significant touches of _____ life in the play titled The Shepherds.42. A morality play presented the _____ of good and _____ with _____personages.43.Vice was the predecessor of the modern _____.44.Through the revival of classical literature, English playwrights came into contact with ______ and ______drama.45.From the contact with Greek and Latin drama, English playwrights learned all the important rules in ____ and ____, the moreexact conception of ____ and ____.46.English comedies and tragedies on classical models appeared in the middle of the ____ century.47.The first English comedy is ______.48.The first English tragedy is _____.49.Miracle plays, morality plays, interludes and classical plays paved the way for the flourishing of ____.50.In the 16th century _____ became the centre of English drama.51.By ____, professional actors were organized into companies.52.____ were wooden buildings, usually circular in form, with tiers（一排排）of galleries surrounding a roofless pit（楼下剧场）.53.In the Elizabethan Theater, there were no ____ and women’s parts were always taken by ____.54.Shakespeare’s narrative poem, Venus and Adonis, is full of vivid images of the ______, and aphorisms (格言、警句) on life.55.Shakespeare was a great ____ of the English language.56.Shakespeare’s dramatic creation often used the method of _____.57.Shakespeare’s drama becomes a monument of the English ______.58.Shakespeare was a _____ for play-writing.59.Shakespeare’s _____ people represent all the complexities and implications of real life.Key to the blanks:tin Bible2.Protestantism; Catholicism3.Protestants4.John Wycliffe; Reformation5.William Tyndal6.Authorized Version, James I; King James Bible.nguage; literature8.fixed; confirmed9.Bible coinages10.simple; dignified11.William Caxton12.Reading; literature13.First14.Shakespeare15.Printer; publisher16.100; 2417.15th ; prose18.National19.Publisher; culture20.14th; 17th21.Religious reformation22.feudalist ideas; interests; purity23.Humanism; human mind; human culture24.Spenserian; Edmund Spenser; The Faerie Queene;ababbcbccncaster; York26.The Reformation27.the Enclosure Movement; proletarians 28.printing29.feudal; capitalism30.sheep devours men31.William VIII32.Renaissance33.Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey34.96, Sir Thomas Wyatt, 40, Henry Howard, Earl of Surrey35.poetry36.Utopia, Book One; poverty37.private ownership38.Italian/Petrarchan ; Shakespearean39.Drama40.Bible41.real42.Conflict; evil; allegorical43.Clown44.Greek; Latin45.Structure; style; comedy; tragedy46.16th47.Gammer Gurton’s Needle 《葛顿大娘的缝衣针》48.Gorboduc 《高波特克》49.Drama50.London51.156752.Elizabethan theatres53.actress; boys54.countryside55.master756.adaptation (revision)57.Renaissance 58.master-hand (能手)59.full-bloodⅣ. Say true or false.1.The old English aristocracy having been exterminated (wiped out) in the course of the War of the Roses, a new nobility, totallydependent on King’s power, come to the fore.2.Absolute monarchy in England reached its summit during the reign of Queen Elizabeth.3.The progress of bourgeois economy made England a powerful state and enabled her in 1588 to inflict a defeat on the SpanishInvincible Armada.4.The Protestant Reformation was in essence a religious movement in a political guise.5.Before the Reformation, the English Bible was universally used by the Catholic churches.6.Walter Raleigh wrote his History of the World in imprisonment.7.More the man is even more interesting than More the writer.8.Utopia, Book One, describes an ideal communist society.9.Translations occupied an important place in the English Renaissance.10.Philip Sidney’s collection of love sonnets is Astrophel and Stella.11.The Miracle plays were not forbidden to perform in churches after the actors introduced secular and even comical elementsinto the performance.12.The writer of Gammer Gurton’s Needle is unknown.13.Two lawyers who wrote Gorboduc were Thomas Sackville (托马斯·萨克维尔) and Thomas Norton（托马斯·诺顿）.14.Shakespeare’s sonnets are divided into three groups: Numbers 1—17, Numbers 18—126, and Numbers 127—154.15.Shakespeare’s sonnets are written for variety of virtues.16.Engels said, “Realism implies, besides truth in detail, the truthful reproduction of typical characters under typicalcircumstances.”17.Shakespeare wrote about his own people and for his own time.18.Shakespeare’s one play contains one theme. (contains more than one theme)19.To reproduce the real life, Shakespeare often combines the majestic with the funny, the poetic with the prosaic(散文体的) andtragic with the comic.20.Engels called Shakespeare’s plays the “Shakespearean vivacity (活泼、快活) and wealth of (大量的) action”.21.Utopia is More’s masterpiece, written in the form of letters between More and Hythloday, a voyage.22.Sir Philip Sidney is well-known as a poet and dramatist.23.Carl Marx commented highly on More’s Utopia and mentioned it in his great work, The Capital.24.The highest glory of the English Renaissance was unquestionably its poetry.25.The miracle plays were simple plays based on Bible stories, such as the creation of the world, Noah and the flood, and thebirth of Christ.26.Grammer Gurton’s Needle is the first English comedy, Gorboduc the first English tragedy.27.Both the gentlemen and the common people went to the theatres. But the upper class was the dominant force in Elizabethantheatre.28.After Shakespeare’s death, Herminge and Condell collected and published his plays in 1623.29.From Shakespeare’s history play s, it can be seen that Shakespeare took a great interest in the political questions of his time.30.In Shakespeare’s historical plays, historical accuracy is not strictly regarded.31.King Lear is a tragedy of ambition, which drives a brave soldier and national hero to degenerate into a bloody murder anddespot right to his doom.ing from an old Danish legend, Othello is considered the summit of Shakespeare’s art.33.Shakespeare is one of the founders of romanticism in world literature.34.Generally speaking, after Shakespeare, the English drama was undergoing a process of prosperity.35.English Renaissance Period was an age of poetry and drama, and was an age of prose.36.There are two main characters in As You Like It: Orlando and Rosalind.37.Ben Johnson’s comedies are “comedies of humors” and every character in his comedies personifies a definite “humor”.838.In Ben Johnson’s later years he became the “literary king” of his time.Key to the True/False statements:1.T2.T3.T4. F. (a political movement in a religious guise)5. F. (the Latin Bible)6.T7. F (Sidney)8.T9.T10.T11.T12.T13.F ( Book Two)14.T15.T16.T17.T18.F19.T20.T21.F (a conversation)22.F (poet and critic of poetry)23.F24.F(darma)25.T26.T27.T28.T29.T30.T31.F (Macbeth)32.F (Hamlet)33.F (realism)34.F(decline)35.F (not an age of prose)36.T37.F (ordinary people were)38.T9Ⅴ. Questions on the English Renaissancement on the image of Henry V and Sir John Falstaff.ment on the character of Hamlet.3.What are the features of Shakespeare’s drama?4.Remember Shakespeare’s major plays in each literary career.ment on Marlowe’s social significance and literary achievement.ment on The Faerie Queene.Part Three The Period of the English Bourgeois RevolutionI.Choose the right answer.1.The rhyme scheme of Milton’s L’Allkegro and Il Penseroso is _____.A. aabbccbbcB. abbacdccdC. abacdeecD. ababcdcdd2. _____ , as a declaration of people’s freedom of the press, has been a weapon in the later democratic revolutionary strugg les.A. On the Morning of Christ’s NativityB. ComusC. Of Reformation in EnglandD. Areopagitica3. ____ poems can be divided into two categories: the youthful love lyrics and the later sacred verses.A. John MiltonB. John BunyanC. John DonneD. John Dryden4. _____ expressed Donne’s own way of describing love.A. Holy SonnetsB. Witchcraft by a PictureC. The Sun RisingD. Death, Be Not Proud5. George Herbert’s ______ is a well-known shaped poem.A. The AltarB. To His Coy MistressC. To DaffodilsD. Gather Ye Rose Buds While Ye May6. ____ is the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andre MarvellD. Henry Vaughan7. Which of the following is not a Metaphysical poet?A. Richard CrashawB. Henry VaughanC. Andrew MarvellD. Robert Burton8. ____is a prose poem on death and immortality.A. The Anatomy of MelancholyB. Religio MeciciC. Holy DyingD. Urn-Burial9. Izaak Walton’s ____ is a delightful description of the English countrysi de and the simple and kind people.A. The Compleat AnglerB. Holy LivingC. To His Coy MistressD. To Daffadils10. Who is the greatest figure of the Cavalier poetry?A. John SucklingB. Richard LovelaceC. Robert HerrickD. John Dryden11. ____was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 19th century.A. John DrydenB. Richard SteeleC. Joseph AddisonD. Alexander PopeKey to the multiple choices: 1-5 CDCBA 6-11 ADDAADII.Fill in the blanks.1.In the field of prose writing of the Puritan Age, _______ occupies the most important place.112.The Pilgrim’s Progress is one of the most popular pieces of Christian writing produced during the _____ Age.3.______gives a vivid and satirical picture of Vanity Fair which is the symbol of London at the time of Restoration.4._____masterpiece, The Pilgrim’s Progress, is an allegory, a narrative in which general concepts such as sins, despair, and fa ithare represented as people or as aspects of the natural world.5._____ is the most excellent representative of English classicism in the Restoration period.6.In English literature, the Restoration period is traditionally called “Age of _____.7.In political affairs, ____ was quite changeable in attitude.8.In his “An Essay of Dramatic Poesy”, ____ showed his famous appreciation of Shakespeare.9.Dryden wrote about 27 plays. The famous one is _______, a tragedy dealing with the same story as Shakespeare’s Antony andCleopatra.10.The main literary achievements of the 17th century lies in the poetry of John Milton, in the prose writing of John Bunyan, andin the plays and literary criticism of ______.11.Paradise Lost is one of Milton’s ______.12.Satan is the hero in Milton’s masterpiece __________.13.Paradise Lost took its material from ______.14.The works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized, generally speaking, by _____in content and fantasticality in form.15._______ was the forerunner of the English classical school of literature in the 18th century.16.Adam and Eve in Paradise Lost embody Milton’s belief in the powers of _____.17.The Pilgrim’s Progress is a religious allegory and _____ is another writing feature.18.In the second half of the 17th century we may hear the voices of the private citizens by letters and _____.Key to the blanks:1.(John Bunyan)2.(Puritan)3.(The Pilgrim’s Progress)4.(John Bunyan’s)5.(John Dryden)6.(Dryden)7.(John Dryden)8.(John Dryden)9.(All for Love)10.(John Dryden)11.(epics)12.(Paradise Lost)13.(mysticism)14.(the Bible)15.(Dryden)16.(man)17.(symbolism)18.(diaries)12III.Say true or false.1.The major parliamentary clashes of the early 17th century were over land ownership.2.After the victory of the English Revolution, the movement of the Diggers broke out. The leader of this revolt is Wat Tyler.3.With the establishment of the bourgeois dictatorship, Charles II became the Protector of the English Commonwealth.4.The spirit of unity and the feeling of patriotism ended with the reign of James I, and England was then convulsed (shook,quivered) with the conflict between the two antagonistic camps, the Royalists and the Puritans.5.In 1644, James I was sentenced to death and Cromwell became the leader of the country.6.English literature of the 17th century witnessed a flourish on the whole.7.The Revolution Period produced one of the most important poets in English literature, William Shakespeare.8.The Revolution Period is also called Age of Milton because it produced a great poet whole name is William Milton.9.The main literary form in literature of Revolution Period is drama.10.Among the English poets during the Revolution Period, John Donne was the greatest one.11.John Milton towers over his age as Byron towers over the Elizabethan Age, and as Chaucer towers over the Medieval Period.12.On his first wife’s death, Milton wrote his only l ove poem, a sonnet, on His Deceased Wife.13.The greatest epic produced by Milton, Paradise Lose, is written in heroic couplets.14.The poem of Samson Agonistes was “to justify the ways of God to man”, i.e. to advocate submission to the Almighty.15.It has been noticed by many critics that the picture of Satan surrounded by his angels who never think of expressing anyopinions of their own, resembles the court of an absolute monarch.16.Izaak Walton’s The Compleat Angler becomes a “Piscatorial classic”.17.Thomas Bro wne’s Religia Medici is a collection of opinions on a vast number of subjects more or less connected with religion.Key to True/False statements:1. F (ownership: monopolies)2. F (Wat Tyler: Gerald Winstanley)3. F (Charles II: Oliver Cromwell)4. F (Donne: Milton)5. F (James I: Charles I)6. F (flourish: decline)7.T (William Shakespeare)8. F (William: John)9. F (drama: poetry)10.F (James I: Elizabeth I)11.F (Byron: Shakespeare)12.F (first: second)13.F (heroic couplets: blank verse)14.F (Satan: God)15.F (Samson Agonistes: Paradise Lost)16.T17.T13IV. Questions1.What are the writing features of The Pilgrim’s Progress?ment on the image of Satan.ment on Samson.Part Four The English Century Ⅰ. Match the works and the characters. (3 points)A1. ( ) Tome Jones2. ( ) The Vicar of Wakefield3. ( ) Robinson Crusoe4. ( ) Gulliver’s Travels5. ( ) Pamela6. ( ) The School for ScandalBa.Fridayb.King of Brodingnagc.Sophiad.Mr. Be.William Thornhillf.Charles SurfacThe key: (1—c, 2—e, 3—a, 4—b, 5—d, 6—f )Ⅱ. Choose the right answer.1.In 1701, Steele published a pamphlet, _____, in which he first displayed his moralizing spirit.A. The FuneralB. The Lying LoverC. The Christian HeroD. The Tender Husband2. Which is the most popular newspaper published by Steele?A. The TatlerB. The SpectatorC. The TheatreD. The English3. _____ is Addison’s great tragedy.A. A Letter from ItalyB. RosamondC. The CampaignD. Cato4. Which of the following is not the hero in The Spectator?A. Isaac BickerstaffB. Mr. RogerC. Captain SentryD. Andrew Freeport5. ______ were looked upon as the model of English composition by British authors all through the 18th century.A. Jeremy Taylor’s Holy LivingB. Thomas Browne’s Religio MeidicC. Samuel Pepys’s diariesD. Addison’s Spectator essays6. The most important classicist in the Enlightenment Movement is _____.A. SteeleB. AddisonC. PopeD. Dryden7. The masterpiece of Alexander Pope is ____.A. Essay on CriticismB. The Rape of the LockC. Essay on ManD. The Dunciad8. Essay on Man is a _____poem in heroic couplets.A. didacticB. satiricalC. philosophicalD. dramatic9. ____ was an intellectual movement in the first half of the 18th century.A. The Enclosure MovementB. The Industrial RevolutionC. The Religious ReformD. The Enlightenment10. The literature of the Enlightenment in England mainly appealed to the ____ readers.A. aristocraticB. middle classC. low classD. intellectual11. ____ is a great classicist but his satire is not always just.A. SteeleB. MiltonC. AddisonD. Pope12.The main literary stream of the 18th century was ____ . What the writers described in their works were mainly social realities.A. romanticismB. classicismC. realismD. sentimentalism13.The 18th century was the golden age of the English ___. The novel of this period spoke the truth about life with anuncompromising (unbending) courage.A. dramaB. poetryC. essayD. novel。
英国文学史及选读第一册复习题(文档良心出品)
History and Anthology of English LiteratureI Multiple Choices1. The story of _________ is the culmination of the Arthurian romances.A. Sir Gawain and the Green KnightB. BeowulfC. Piers the PlowmanD. The Canterbury Tales2. Chaucer died on October 25th, 1400, and was buried in _________.A. FlandersB. FranceC. ItalyD. Westminster Abbey3. Utopia was written in the form of _________.A. proseB. dramaC. essayD. dialogue4. _________ is the leading figure of Metaphysical poetry.A. John DonneB. George HerbertC. Andre MarvellD. Henry Vaughan5. _________ is not written by William Blake.A. The Marriage of Heaven and HellB. Songs of ExperienceC. Auld Lang SyneD. Poetical Sketches6. “Some book are to be tasted, others to be swallowed, and some few to be chewed and digested.This sentence is taken from _________.s Oliver TwistA. Swift’s A Modest Proposal B.Dickens’s Tom Jones D. Bacon’s Of StudiesC. Fielding’7. Which poet is not the “Lake Poet”？A. William WordsworthB. S. T. ColeridgeC. SoutheyD. Keats8. Generally，the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries，itsessence is _________.A. ScienceB. ArtsC. PhilosophyD. Humanism9. Romance, which uses verse or prose to describe the adventures and life of the knights, is thepopular literary form in _________.A. RomanticismB. RenaissanceC. medieval periodD. Anglo-Saxon period10. Gothic novels are mostly stories of ________, which take place in some haunted or dilapidatedMiddle Age castles.A. love and marriageB. sea adventuresC. mystery and horrorD. saints and martyrs11. The Houyhnhnms depicted by Jonathan Swift in Gulliver’s Travels are _____.A. horses that are endowed with reasonB. pigmies that are endowed with admirable qualitiesC. giants that are superior in wisdomD. hairy, wild, low and despicable creatures, who resemble human beings not only inappearance but also in some other ways—Paradise Lost was written in the poetic style of ________.12. John Milton’s masterpieceA. rhymed stanzasB. blank verseC. alliterationD. sonnets13. Which of the following has / have associations with John Donne’s poetry?A. reason and sentimentB. conceits and witsC. the euphuismD. writing in the rhymed couplet14. Generally, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, itsessence is _______.A. scienceB. philosophyC. artsD. humanism15. The School for Scandal by Richard Brisley Sheridan has been regarded as the best _______since Shakespeare.A. tragedyB. proseC. comedyD. fableII Match( ) 1. Paradise Lost A. John Bunyan( ) 2. Tristram Shandy B. Oliver Goldsmith( ) 3. of Truth C. Geoffery Chaucer( ) 4. The Vicar of Wakefield D. Henry Fielding( ) 5. Canterbury Tales E. Jonathan Swift( ) 6. Tom Jones F. Samuel Richardson( ) 7. Gulliver’s Travels G. Edmund Spensers Progress H. Francis Bacon( ) 8. The Pilgrim’( ) 9. Pamela I. Laurence Sterne( )10. The Fairy Queen J. John MiltonIII Literary Terms (Choose Five of them to illustrate in English)1. Epic2. Romance3. Blank verse4. Sonnet5. Allegory6. Heroic couplet7. Comedy8. Tragedy9. Sentimentalism 10. EnlightenmentIV Poem Analysis(1)Shall I compare thee to a summer's day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate:Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer's lease hath all too short a date:Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shinesAnd often is his gold complexion dimmed;And every fair from fair sometimes declines,By chance or nature's changing course untrimmed;But thy eternal summer shall not fade,Nor lose possession of that fair thou ow'st;Nor shall death brag thou wander'st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow'st:So long as men can breathe, or eyes can see,So long lives this, and this gives life to thee.Questions:1. Who writes this poem? _____________________2. What type of this poem belongs to? _____________________A. SonnetB. BalladC. OdeD. Elegyodern English? _____________________3. What does “thee” mean in m4. What does “the eye of heaven” refer to? _____________________5. What’s the rhyme scheme of this poem? _____________________Try to give some examples.6. What’s the rhetorical devices used in this poem?__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________(2)O my luve 's like a red, red roseThat 's newly sprung in June:O my Luve 's like the melodieThat's sweetly play'd in tune!As fair art thou, my bonnie lass,So deep in luve am I:And I will luve thee still, my dear,Till a' the seas gang dry:Till a' the seas gang dry, my dear,And the rocks melt wi' the sun;I will luve thee still, my dear,While the sands o' life shall run.And fare thee weel, my only Luve,And fare thee weel a while!And I will come again, my Luve,Though it were ten thousand mile.Questions:1. Who write this poem? _____________________2. What’s the title of this poem? _____________________3. What does the poet compare red rose to? _____________________4. What is the rhyme scheme of the poem? _____________________5. Illustrate the first stanza in English in your own words._____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________V Conclude the main story of the literary work and make your own comments.Directions: There are four literary works listed as follows. Choose two of them to write down the main idea and make some comments on them.1. Tome Jones2. Robinson Crusoe3. Hamlets Travels4. Gulliver’。
(完整word版)新编英国文学选读(上)Chapter4(word文档良心出品)
Chapter 4 The 15th century (1400 –1550) 一．Historical background1. The Hundred Years’War (1337 –1453)Henry VI--a puppetFrench heroine Joan of ArcIn 1453, all English territory in France was lost to the French only Calais to English king2. The War of the Roses (1455 –1485)a series of civil wars fought between the two great families, both of which claimed the right to the English throne. All noble families were involved in it.The House of Lancaster-red roseThe House of York - white roseResult:Henry Tudor (VII) married Elizabeth of the House of York -brought compromise between the two familiesand established a highly consolidated rule.3. The discovery of America and the new sea routes1)Christopher Columbus, 1492, landed in America2)Vascoda Gama, 1497, round the tip of Africa and reached India3)John Cabot and his son Sebastian, 1498, provided the basis for the English claim to North America4. Reformation of the churchHenry VIII took decisive measure to break away from the Church of Rome.1534---He passed the Act of Supremacy: as the supreme head on earth, thus the Anglican Church was founded二．Ballads1.The basic characteristics of ballads1）The beginning is often abrupt: without any introduction of the characters and the background of the tale2）There are strong dramatic elements: single episode, climax, intensity and immediacy3）The story is often told through dialogue and action4）The theme is often tragic, though there are a umber of comic ballads 5）The ballad meter is used: four-line stanzasodd numbered lines with 4 feet eacheven numbered lines with 3 feet each2.Subject matter of the balladsEnglish ballads: the Robin Hood balladswar ballad, bloodshed ballad, superstition ballad, domestic affairs, outlawry, love, sea, and border ballad.3.Collections of balladsBishop Thomas Percy,Reliques of Ancient English PoetryProfessor F. J. Child, English and Scottish Ballads三.Literature in the 15th century1. Popular BalladsReview the definition and the main feature of ballads2. Sir Thomas Malory (1405 –1471)1)The Death of Arthur: complied together the stories of King Arthur and the Knights of the Round Table2)contribution to the development of English prose3)left a legacy to later writers that many of them used as subject matter in their writing3. Early English playsancient Greece and Rome, drama was a form of entertainmentroman catholic church prohibited it9th and 10th century allowed only for religious services14th century developed into 2 kindsMystery plays -are chiefly based on stories form the BibleMiracle plays -are on the lives of Christian saints Homework: What are the basic characteristics of ballads?。
(完整word版)英国文学 名词解释
1.(1) Modernism （现代主义)A movement of experiment in new techniques in writing. Modernist fic tion represented a trend drifting away from the tradition of the 19th century realism。
It put emphasis on the description ogoometimes it is called modern psychological fiction. Lawrence is a typical representative of itRealism（现实主义)Realism was a loosely used term meaning truth to the observed facts of life （especially when they are gloomy）。
Realism in literature is an approach that attempts to describe life without idealization or romantic subjectivity。
Realism现实主义： An elastic and ambiguous term with two meanings。
（1） First, it refers generally to any artistic or literary portrayal of life in a faithful， accurate manner, unclouded by false ideals, literary conventions, or misplaced aesthetic glorification and beautification of the world。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
课件上找的1)classicism2)realism3)sentimentalism1.Epic: 史诗A long narrative poem telling about the deeds of a great hero and reflecting the values of the society from which it originated. Many epics were drawn from an oral form and were transmitted by song and recitation before they were written down.2.Alliteration: 头韵A rhetorical device, meaning some words in a sentence begin with the same consonant sound（头韵）.3.Kenning:比喻的复合辞(=metaphor)A figurative, usually compound expression used in place of a name or noun, especially in Old English and Old Norse poetry; for example, storm of swords is a kenning for battle.4.Understatement: expressing something in a controlled way.5.Romance:传奇A long composition, sometimes in verse, sometimes in prose, describing the life and adventures of a noble hero.6.Renaissance文艺复兴（欧洲14至16世纪）Renaissance in European history, refers to the period between 14th century to 17th century.“Renaissance” means “revival”, the revival of interest in and getting rid of conservatism in feudalist Europe and introducing new ideas that express the interests of the rising bourgeoisie.The Renaissance, which means “rebirth” or “revival”, is actually an intellectualmovement with a thirsting curiosity for classical literature (Ancient Greek and Roman culture) and the keen interest in the activities of humanity. It started in Italy and ended in England and Spain.7.Spenserian stanza:（英国诗人）斯宾塞诗体A nine-line stanza with the following rhyme scheme: ababbcbcc. The firsteight lines are written in iambic pentameter. The ninth line is written in iambic hexameter.8.Humanism:Key-note of the Renaissance, and the very weapon for the bourgeoisie to use in its fight against feudalism restrictions and the dominating influence of the church, which had ruled men’s minds for centuries.(课件的)Humanism is the essence of the Renaissance. According to humanists, human beings were glorious creatures capable of individual development in the direction of perfection and the world can be questioned, explored and enjoyed.（找的）9.The Elizabeth AgeThe Elizabeth Age (1558-1603): England enjoyed peaceful development under the rule of Queen Elizabeth I, who maintained a balance of between the Protestants and the Catholics.10.Sonnet: (十四行诗)A fourteen-line lyric poem, usually written in rhymed iambic pentameter. A sonnet generally expresses a single theme or idea.11.Blank verse(无韵诗): Verse written in unrhymed iambic pentameter.12.The English Commonwealth英国联邦It is founded by Oliver Cromwell and the parliament army; The Revolution Period is also called Puritan Age----religious cloak.13.14.Metaphysical :(玄学派)Metaphysical is a school of poetry appeared about the beginning of the 17th century.Generally speaking, the works of the Metaphysical poets are characterized by mysticism in content and fantasticality in form.玄学派一般指17世纪出现的一个诗歌流派。
玄学派诗歌一反传统惯例，好用别出心裁的奇喻，追求使人感到新奇甚至震惊的效果。
总而言之，它们在内容上晦涩难懂，形式上标新立异。
15.Enlightenment:启蒙运动An intellectual movement, the expression of struggle of the progressive bourgeoisie against feudalism. The Enlighteners fought against class inequality, stagnation, prejudice and other survivals of feudalism.网上找的16.Heroic couplet: （introduced by Geoffrey Chaucer）It is the rhymed couplet of iambic pentameter, a verse form in epic poetry, with lines of ten syllables and five stresses, in rhyming pairs.英雄诗体/英雄双韵体：用于史诗或叙事诗，每行十个音节，五个音部，每两行押韵。
17.couplet（两行诗，对句）:Two consecutive lines of poetry that rhyme.A heroic couplet is an iambic pentameter couplet. During the Restoration period and the 18th C. it was a popular verse form.18.iambic pentameter: 抑扬格五音步A poetic line consisting of five Verse feet (penta- is from a Greek wordmeaning ―five‖), with each foot an iamb-- that is, an unstressed syllable followed by a stressed syllable.19.Alliteration（押头韵）: a repeated initial(开头的) consonant(协调,一致) tosuccessive(连续的) words.20.Understatement（低调陈述）（for ironical humor）21.Chronicle《编年史》（a monument of Old English prose）22.Ballads （民谣）（The most important department of English folk literature ）A ballad is a narrative poem that tells a story, and is usually meant to besung or recited in musical form. An important stream of the Medieval folkliterature.23.DramaA composition in prose or verse, adapted to be acted upon a stage, in which a story is related by means of dialogue and action, and is represented with accompanying gesture, costume, and scenery, as in real life.edy(喜剧)（Drama form）A play written chiefly to amuse its audience by appealing to a sense of superiority over the characters depicted.25.Tragedy（Drama form）A serious play or novel representing the disastrous downfall of a central character, the protagonist.26.Blank Verse （无韵诗）Unrhymed lines of iambic pentameter.27.Allegory（寓言）A story with a double meaning: a primary or surface meaning, and asecondary or under-the-surface meaning28.essay（散文，随笔）As a form of literature, the essay is a composition of moderate length, usually in prose, which deals in an easy way with the external conditions of a subject, and, in strictness, with that subject, only as it affects the writer.29.Bourgeoisie[,bʊəʒwɑ:'zi:]（中产阶级）：the 18th Century Age of Bourgeoisie30.Romanticism:A movement in art and literature in the 18th and 19th centuries in revoltagainst Neoclassicism of the previous centuries.31.Differences between the 18th & the 19th century; between Neoclassicism &Romanticism:• reason vs passion• reason vs imagination• commercial vs natural•industrial vs pastoral（田园生活的，农村生活的）•present vs past•society vs individual•order and stability（稳定，稳固）vs freedom•decorative expression vs simple and spontaneous（天真的，率性的，自发的，无意识的）expression32.4.33.。