张培基翻译词组
《背影》中英文张培基译版
背影The Sight of Father’s Back作者：朱自清 | 翻译：张培基我与父亲不相见已二年余了，我最不能忘记的是他的背影。
那年冬天，祖母死了，父亲的差使也交卸了，正是祸不单行的日子，我从北京到徐州，打算跟着父亲奔丧回家。
到徐州见着父亲，看见满院狼藉的东西，又想起祖母，不禁簌簌地流下眼泪。
父亲说，“事已如此，不必难过，好在天无绝人之路！”It is more than two years since I last saw father, and what I can never forget is the sight of his back. Misfortunes（[mɪsˈfɔːtʃənz]厄运；不幸）never come singly. In the winter of more than two years ago, grandma died and father lost his job. I left Beijing for Xuzhou to join father in hastening（[ˈheɪsnɪŋ]急忙进行；加速）home to attend grandma’s funeral. When I met father in Xuzhou, the sight of the disorderly mess in his courtyard and the thought of grandma started tears trickling （[ˈtrɪklɪŋ]滴；淌）down my cheeks. Father said, “Now that things have come to such a pass, it’s no use crying. Fortunately, Heaven always leaves one a way out.”回家变卖典质，父亲还了亏空；又借钱办了丧事。
评析《时间与生命》的英译文,翻译来自张培基先生
我国著名翻译家张培基先生的英译文《时间与生命》（原文为梁实秋所作）载于《中国翻译》1997年第3期），该译文简洁流畅、生动传神，确实是我们学习的典范。
例如，译文的第一句便极为精彩: 最令人怵目惊心的一件事发生在EEG平台注册的时候，是看着钟表上的秒针一下一下的移动，每移动一下就是表示我们的寿命已经缩短了一部分。
It is most startling to see a watch or clock clicking away the seconds, each click meaning the shortening of one's life by a little bit. clicking away the seconds译得最为传神。
click一词不仅生动地表现出了秒针一下一下移动的动作，而且使我们听到了秒针走动时"咔哒咔哒"的声音；away 则使我们意识到时光在不断地逝去。
我们知道away和动词搭配构成的短语都表示离去、消失等意思，如go away, run away, die away, pass away等，因此clicking away the seconds使我们清楚地意识到时光在随着秒针的移动和那"咔哒咔哒"的声音流逝，秒针的移动是一刻不停，时光的流逝也是一刻不停。
这篇译文中可圈可点之处甚多，限于篇幅我们不再一一列举。
但白璧微瑕，张培基先生在翻译第三段的过程中由于理解错误而导致了明显的误译现象，下面是第三段的原文和张先生的译文：例如我翻译莎士比亚，本来计划于课余之闲暇每年翻译两部，但后来发现eeg平台总代不让翻译，所以多花了二十年才完成，但是我用了三十年，主要的原因是懒。
翻译之所以完成，主要的是因为活得相当长久，十分惊险。
Take the translation of Shakespeare for example. I had initially planned to spend 20 years of my spare time in doing the translation, finishing two plays a year. But I spent 30 years instead, due primarily to my slothfulness. It was thanks to my fairly long though eventful life, however, that I did manage to finish the translation of all Shakespearean plays in the long run. 张培基先生在译文后面所附的注释中指出："主要是因为活得相当长久，十分惊险"中的"惊险"实际上指"多变故"、"经历丰富"等，故译为eventful (或varied)。
翻译理论——精选推荐
翻译理论07本《翻译理论与实践》考试理论部分复习提纲⼀、翻译定义：1. 张培基——翻译是⽤⼀种语⾔把另⼀种语⾔所表达的思维内容准确⽽完整地重新表达出来的语⾔活动。
10. “Translation is the expression in one language of what has been expressed in another language, preserving semantic and stylistic equivalences.” --- Dubois12. “Translation is a craft consisting in the attempt to replace a written message and/or statement in one language by the same message and/or statement in another language.” --- Peter Newmark13. Translation or translating is a communicative activity or dynamic process in which the translator makes great effort to thoroughly comprehend a written message or text in the source language and works very hard to achieve an adequate or an almost identical reproduction in the target language version of the written source language message or text.⼆、翻译标准1. 翻译的标准概括为⾔简意赅的四个字：“忠实（faithfulness）、通顺（smoothness）”。
翻译硕士张培基散文选：长寿之道
长寿之道The Secret of Longevity季羡林Ji Xianlin我已经到了望九之年，可谓长寿矣。
因此经常有人向我询问长寿之道，养生之术。
我敬谨答曰：“养生无术是有术。
”Approaching ninety, I’m really old. People often ask me for advice on how to keep fit and live a long life. The answer I would give is, “The best way to keep fit is by making no efforts towards it.”这话看似深奥，其实极为简单明了。
我有两个朋友，十分重视养生之道。
每天锻炼身体，至少要练上两个钟头。
曹操诗曰：“对酒当歌，人生几何？”人生不过百年，每天费上两个钟头，统计起来，要有多少钟头啊！利用这些钟头，能做多少事情呀！如果真有用，也还罢了。
他们二人，一个先我而走，一个卧病在家，不能出门。
That sounds profound, but is in fact very simple. Two friends of mine put in great efforts to keep in good health. They spent at least two hours per day doing physical exercise. Cao Cao says in one of his poems like this:Cup to cup calls for song, Man’s life – howlong?Few people live to be 100. Two hours per day during one’s lifetime – what a tremendous amount of time it would add up to! And what a lot could be done with that much time! It would have been all right though if my two friends’ physical exercise had really helped. But fact is, one of the two has passed away before me and the other now never shows up, being confined to bed with illness.因此，我首创了三“不”主义：不锻炼，不挑食，不嘀咕，名闻全国。
许地山《落花生》翻译赏析(张培基 译)
许地山《落花生》翻译赏析（张培基译）原文：落花生许地山我们屋后有半亩隙地。
母亲说：“让它荒芜着怪可惜，既然称们那么爱吃花生，就辟来做花生园罢。
”我们几姊弟和几个小丫头都很喜欢——买种的买种，动土的动土，灌园的灌园；过不了几个月，居然收获了!妈妈说：“今晚我们可以做一个收获节，也请你们爹爹来尝尝我们的新花生，如何?”我们都答应了。
母亲把花生做成好几样食品，还吩咐这节期要在园里的茅亭举行。
那晚上的天色不大好，可是爹爹也到来，实在很难得!爹爹说：“你们爱吃花生么?”我们都争着答应：“爱!”“谁能把花生的好处说出来?”。
姊姊说：“花生的气味很美。
”哥哥说：“花生可以制油。
”我说：“无论何等人都可以用贱价买它来吃；都喜欢吃它。
这就是它的好处。
”爹爹说：“花生的用处固然很多；但有一样是很可贵的。
这小小的豆不像那好看的苹果、桃子、石榴，把它们的果实悬在枝上，鲜红嫩绿的颜色，令人一望而发生羡慕的心。
它只把果子埋在地的，等到成熟，才容人把它挖出来。
你们偶然看见一棵花生瑟缩地长在地上，不能立刻辨出它有没有果实，非得等到你接触它才能知道。
”我们都说：“是的。
”母亲也点点头。
爹爹接下去说：“所以你们要像花生，因为它是有用的，不是伟大、好看的东西。
”我说：“那么，人要做有用的人，不要做伟大、体面的人了。
”爹爹说：“这是我对于你们的希望。
”我们谈到夜阑才散，所有花生食品虽然没有了，然而父亲的话现在还印在我心版上。
译文：PeanutsBehind our house there lay half a mu of vacant land. Mother said, “It’s a pity to let it lie waste. Since you all like to eat peanuts so much, why not plant some here?” That exhilarated us children and our servant girls as well, and soon we started buying seeds, ploughing the land and watering the plants. We gathered in a good harvest just after a couple of months!Mother said, “How about giving a party this evening to celebrate the harvest and inviting your Daddy to have a taste of our newly-harvested peanuts?” We all agreed. Mother made quite a few varieties of goodies out of the peanuts, and told us that the party would be held in the thatched pavilion on the peanut plot.It looked like rain that evening, yet, to our great joy, father came nevertheless.Night sky is not very good, but the father has come, it is hard to come by.“Do you like peanuts?” asked Father.“Yes, we do!” We vied in giving the answer.“Which of you could name the good things in peanuts?” “Peanuts taste good,” said my elder sister.“Peanuts produce edible oil,” said my elder brother.“Peanuts are so cheap,” said I,“that anyone can afford to eat them. Peanuts are everyone’s favorite. That’s why we call peanuts good.”“Peanuts are so cheap,” said I, “that anyone can afford to eat them. Peanuts are everyone’s favorite. That’s why we call peanuts good.”“It’s true that peanuts have many uses,” said Father, “but they’re most beloved in one respect. Unlike nice-looking apples, peaches and pomegranates, which hang their fruit on branches and win people’s instant admiration with their brilliant colours, tiny little peanuts bury themselves underground and remain unearthed until they’re ripe. When you come upon a peanut plant lying curled up on the ground, you can never immediately tell whether or not it bears any nuts until you touch them.”“That’s true,” we said in unison. Mother also nodded. “So you must take after peanuts,” Father continued, “because they’re useful though not great and nice-looking.”“Then you mean one should be useful rather than great and nice-looking,” I said.“That’s what I expect of you,” Father concluded.We kept chatting until the party broke up late at night. Today, though nothing is left of the goodies made of peanuts, Father’s words remain engraved in my mind.译文赏析：就原文而言，作者用朴实的语言记录了自己生活中的一个小故事，朴素、清新。
英汉翻译教程(张培基)
31. After dinner, the four key negotiators resumed their talks, which continued well into the night.
32. She had talked to the Head of the Department about her worries, who assured her that nothing could possibly go wrong.
33. He took the idea to the manager, who liked it and ordered an investigation to see if it could be applied to their auto production.
12. It is the university, with its 15,000 students, dozens of colleges, and its large numbers of museums, churches, libraries, gardens, and offices, that dominates the look and temperament of the city of Oxford.
16. Thus he grew in body and soul.
17. My grandfather used to tell me that one got more enjoyment out of one hour's fruitful work than out of ten hours' meaningless recreation.
张培基散文佳作108篇
第一部分汉译英1. 丑石(An Ugly Stone)2. 匆匆(Rush)3. 冬夜(Winter Night)4. 互助(Helping Each Other)5. 黄昏(Dusk)6. 盼头(Something to Look Forward to)7. 媲美(Beauty)8. 枪口(The Muzzles)9. 鸲鹆(The Story of a Myna)10. 铜镜(The Bronze Mirror) 11. 学校(The College) 12. 野草(Wild Grass) 13. 种梨(Planting a Pear Tree)14. 哀互生(Mourning for Husheng) 15. 落花生(The Peanut) 16. 盲演员(A Blind Actor) 17. “孺子马” (An”Obedient Horse”)18. 小麻雀(A Little Sparrow) 19. 雄辩症(A Case of Eloquence) 20. 大钱饺子(A Good-luck Dumpling)21. 荷塘月色(Moonlight over the Lotus Pond) 22. 黄龙奇观(A View of Huangllong)23. 枯叶蝴蝶(Lappet Butterfies) 24. 泡菜坛子(A pickle Pot) 25. 田水哗啦(The Irrigation Water Came Gurgling)26. 我若为王(If I Be King) 27. 西式幽默(Western Humour) 28. 项脊轩志(Xiangjixuan)29. 夜间来客(A Night Visitor——A True Story about a ”Celebrity”Being Interviewed)30. 珍禽血雉(China‘s Native Pheasant)31. 常胜的歌手(A Singer Who Always Wins)32. 健忘的画眉(The Forgetful Song Thrush) 33. 可爱的南京(Nanjing the Beloved City)34. 鲁迅先生记(In Memory of Mr.Lu Xun) 35. 苗族龙船节(The Miao Drangon-Boat Festival) 36. 秋天的怀念(Fond Memories of You) 37. 献你一束花(A Bouquet of Flowers for you)38. 鸭巢围的夜(A Night at Mallard-Nest Village) 39. 玫瑰色的月亮(The Rosy Moon)40. 内画壶《百子图》(Snuff Bottles with Pictures Inside) 41. 维护团结的人(A Man Upholding Unity)42. 我有一个志愿(I Have a Dream) 43. 运动员的情操(Sportsmen‘s Values)44. 神话世界九寨沟(Jiuzhaigou,China‘s Fairyland)45. 生命的三分之一(One Third of Our Lifetime)46. 我可能是天津人(I Might Have Come from Tianjin) 47. 五台名刹画沧桑(The famous Monastery Witnesses Vicissitudes)48. 爱梦想的羞怯女孩(A Shy Dreamer) 49. 永久的憧憬和追求(My Lnging and yearning) 50. 老人和他的三个儿子(The Old Man and his three sons) 51. 乐山龙舟会多姿多彩(dragon-Boat Festival at Leshan)52. 撷自那片芳洲的清供(An Offering from his Sweet homeland) 53. 三峡多奇景妙笔夺开工(The Scenic Three Gorges Captured )54. 初中国旅游可到哪些地方(Tips on Traveling to China the First Time)第二部分英译汉1. A Ball to Roll Around(滚球)2. A Boupquet for Miss Benson(送给卞老师的一束花)3. A Boy and His Father Become Partners(父子伙伴情)4. A Gift of Dreams(梦寐以求的礼物)5. A Hard Day in the Kitchen(厨房里的一场闹刷)6. A Nation of Hypochondriacs(一个疑病症患者的国度)7. Are Books an Endangered Species? (书籍是即将灭绝的物种吗?) 8. A Sailor‘s Christmas Gift(一个海员的圣诞礼物)9. A Tale of Two Smut Merchants(两上淫秽照片商的故事) 10. A Visit with the Folks(探访故亲) 11. Canadian Eskimo Lithographs(加拿大爱斯基摩人的石版画) 12. Divorce and Kids(离婚与孩子)13. Doug Heir(杜格·埃厄) 14. Fame(声誉) 15. Felicia‘s Journey(费利西娅的旅行)16. Genius Sacrificed for failure(为育庸才损英才) 17. Glories of the Storm(辉煌壮丽的暴风雨) 18. Han Suyin‘s China(韩素音笔下的中国) 19. Hate(仇恨) 20. How Should One Read a Book? (怎样读书?)21. In Praie of the Humble Comma(小小逗号赞) 22. Integrity——From A Mother in Mannville(正直)23. In the Pursuit of a Haunting and Timeless Truth(追寻一段永世难忘的史实)24. Killer on Wings is Under Threat(飞翔的杀手正受到威胁) 25. Life in a Violin Case(琴匣子中的生趣)26. Love Is Not like Merchandise(爱情不是商品) 27. Luck(好运气) 28. Mayhew(生活的道路)29. My Averae Uncle(艾默大叔——一个普通人) 30. My Father‘s Music(我父亲的音乐) 31. My Mother‘s Gift (母亲的礼物)32. New Light Buld Offers Energy Efficiency(新型灯泡提高能效) 33. Of Studies(谈读书)34. On Leadership(论领导) 35. On Cottages in General(农舍概述) 36. Over the Hill(开小差) 37. Promise of Bluebirds(蓝知更鸟的希望) 38. Stories on a Headboard(床头板上故事多)39. Sunday(星期天) 40. The Blanket(一条毛毯) 41. The Colour of the Sky(天空的色彩) 42. The date Father Didn‘t Keep(父亲失约) 43. The Kiss(吻) 44. The Letter(家书)45. The Little Boat That Sailed through Time(悠悠岁月小船情) 46. The Living Seas(富有生命的海洋)47. The Roots of My Ambition(我的自强之源) 48. The song of the River(河之歌)49. They Wanted Him Everywhere——Herbert von Karajan(1908-1989) (哪儿都要他)50. Three Great Puffy Rolls(三个又大双暄的面包圈) 51. Trust(信任)52. Why measure Life in Hearbeats? (何必以心跳定生死？) 53. Why the bones Break(骨折缘何而起)54. Why Women Live Longer than Men(为什么女人经男人活得长)丑石贾平凹我常常遗憾我家门前的那块丑石呢：它黑黝黝地卧在那里，牛似的模样；谁也不知道是什么时候留在这里的.谁也不去理会它。
《匆匆》中英对照翻译 张培基版
What is gone is gone, what is come is come; how transient between going and coming? When I get up in the morning, two or three rays of sunshine shine into my small room. The sun also has feet, and it moves softly and quietly; and I rotate with it without knowing it.
我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。 确乎是渐渐空虚了 我不知道他们给了我多少日子；但我的手确乎是渐渐空虚了。在默 默里算着 八千多日子已经从我手中溜去 像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里， 算着， 从我手中溜去； 默里算着，八千多日子已经从我手中溜去；像针尖上一滴水滴在大海里， 我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。 我的日子滴在时间的流里，没有声音，也没有影子。我不禁头涔涔而泪 潸潸了。 潸潸了。 I don’t know how many days I have, but my hands are really empty gradually. Counting in the science, 8000 days have slipped away from my hands; like a drop of water from needle point falls into the ocean, my days drops into the stream of time without sound or shadow. I can’t stop burying my head and weeping. 有权享有 简洁
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1. It issometimes beset with …有时候会有…的境遇/会有…相伴2. Nothing shortof a … can help …唯有…才能/全靠…才能够3. Rolling onnon-stop for thousands upon thousands of miles. 一泻千里4. Farelikewise. 正如这样5. Now … , now …有时…，有时…6. Better ableto generate in oneself a sensation of …更能让人产生一种…之感7. … is now confronted with a …section of its course. …现在正遭遇进程上的一段…8. … , however, can only be shared by …而…，只有…样的人才可体会到9. The present … crisis can never obstacle the advance of …目前的…危机绝不会阻碍…的进步10. Let us brace up (下定决心，打起精神)our spirits and march through …让我们鼓起雄健的精神…11. The greatest joy of …, is to … during its most difficultdays. 在最艰难的日子里…，亦是最大的乐趣12. Grow restless 变得焦躁不安Beg todiffer 恕不同意/持反对意见13. Dash here and there in search of …跑来跑去的寻找14.He is going to … so that he could …他决定…以便…15. … is notgroundless because ……并非空害怕/没依据，因为…16. Keep moving around in ahurry 慌慌张张地走/跑17. What’s the rush? 为何这般慌？/怎么这么着急？18. Behind … lay half a dozen of … near…注意学习地理方位和位置的表述19. look like rain, yet, to ourgreat joy …[口语]像是要下雨，然而让我们高兴的是…20. which of you could …你们谁能……？(别用who了，太土了！！)21. they are most beloved in oneaspect. 有一点最受人爱/有一点最为可贵22. Unlike … , which … , … it just … to …不像…的…一样，它只是…，来…23. You can never immediately tellwhether or not it … until …你不能立刻判断它是否…，非得等到…24. One should be useful ratherthan great or nice-looking. 应该成为有用的人，而不是伟大或体面的人25. Engraved(雕刻，铭记)in my mind. 深深地刻在脑海26. … is ahousehold name all over the country. ……是家喻户晓/名遍全国的。
27. … is alwayson the lips because …把…天天挂在嘴上，因为…28.What’s the use of being ………又有什么用/有什么必要呢？29. Utteredintermittently. 断断续续地说30. Never calculating orparticular about personal gains and losses. 不计较个人得失31.Honor … with a posthumous（死后的，遗腹的，作者死后出版的）reverent …追授…一个…的谥号/称号32.Become more and more … with the passing of time. 随着时间的流逝变得越来越……/越久越……33. Never give up the pursuit of …不要放弃… / 不要放弃对…的追求34. Out of sheer（纯粹的，绝对的，透明的）necessity. 仅仅为了需要/ 纯粹因为需要35. Be free to follow your ownbent.(爱好，嗜好) 可以依自己的喜好去… / 自由自在地去追求自己的喜好36. Be in the prime（青年）of life. 正当盛年/ 年富力强37. … willsoon be gone never to return. 一去不复返。
38. Be in one’s declining years. 风烛残年/ 精力衰微之时39. As a means ofsubsistence. （生活，生存，存在）作为生计/ 为了吃饭/ 作为谋生的手段40. Remedy（补救，治疗，纠正）the situation by …用……来补救41. Come up against the urgentproblem of ………问题急需解决42. How can one manage to … while …人怎么能在…的同时还…呢？43. Cut down on food and clothingand do everything possible to …节衣缩食想尽办法去……44. Time is no object. 时间不是问题。
45. … willbe quite enough to make … a ……足够让一个…成为…了46. The choice lies withyou. 选择权在你们手里。
47. Henrik Ibsen says, “it is your supreme duty to cast yourself into a useful implement （工具，器具，实施）.”你最大的责任是把你这块材料铸造成器。
48. Forsake （放弃，断念）… , and you will ruin yourself. 抛弃…，你便毁了你自己。
49. To go into scholarship, toengage in learning. 做学问50. the only things of somevalue under my roof, if any, are …在我屋子里唯一贵重的东西就是…51. Entertain ambition ofmaking a profound study of …怀有对……做一番高深研究的野心52.It seemed that … can better satisfy … than ……比…更能满足…的需要53.At one sitting. 一口气地…54. It is completely subjectedto the whims（奇想，一时的念头）ofthe moment. 全凭当时的兴趣和念头。
55.Liken （比拟）myself respectively to …把我自己比作……56.Thread-bound Chinese book. 线装书57. My obsession of … have been very much on adecline. 我对……的狂热/着迷消除了不少。
58.To eat into one’s whole pocket. 花掉某人所有的钱。
59. But not all acquaintances arefriends. 不是所有认识的都是朋友。
60. Have more scruples(顾虑，踌躇) about this and that. 对身边的一切都有更多的顾虑。
61. We each followed a differentcourse （道路）of life. 我们各自过着不同的生活。
62. Be bound to. 必然，一定会。
Somehowor other. 设法，莫名其妙地63. … ofbygone（过去的）days will unfold again before one’s eyes. 过去的…又重新浮现在某人眼前。
64. In bloom of one’s youth. 在某人盛年的时候/ 在生命中最华美的时刻65. Unwittingly 不知不觉地，无意识地66. Fritter away. 渐渐地消失/ 慢慢地消耗/ 一点点地浪费67. In twos andthrees. 三三两两，零零星星68.Negotiate（越过，跋涉）shoals(浅滩) and reefs / deserts and gorges 跋涉（越过）礁石浅滩/ 荒漠峡谷69.Be reduced to … as the last resort.（手段，度假胜地，常去之地，求助，诉诸，常去，采取某种手段或方法）被逼到做……的地步，被迫干……为生70.Foot passenger. 步行的人，行人71.It stands to reason that ……也是合情合理的/显而易见的72. Can ill afford to dosomething. 无法承受……73. If it is beyond one’s capacity to single-handedly stem theprevailing of social evils, one should at least be self-disciplined so as notto make matters worse.74.Pedantic（迂腐的，学究式的，假装学者的）view of bookish （书呆子气的）person. 酸腐的书生之见75.Cool your heels。
坐冷板凳，空等76.All that kills my idea of …那足以让我打消……的念头77. A good man always enjoysHeaven’s protection. 吉人天相78. Misfortune never comessingly 祸不单行79. Heaven always leaves one away out. 天无绝人之路80.Be in reducedcircumstance. 每况愈下/ 光景惨淡81.After some wavering, 犹豫一阵之后/ 犹豫不决了一阵82.Talk somebody out ofit(something), 劝说某人不做某事83. Smartaleck 自作聪明的人/ 自作聪明的84. Chipin 插嘴，打断，捐助，出钱stroll about 游逛，游荡，闲游85. Bewatchful on the way, 路上警惕些，旅途当心86. Itis certainly no problem for a person of my age to …对于我这样年纪/ 我这么大的人来说，……是没问题的87. Astrenuous job: 紧张的/费力的/艰苦的差使88. Skullcap 无沿小帽，圆帽Mandarinjacket 马褂cotton-padded 填充棉絮的89. Huddleup 蜷缩，挤成一团Corpulent 肥胖的90. Gushfrom涌出，不断流出trickle 滴，淌，细流ooze 渗出，淌出91. Makean enormous exertion to …尽全力做……92. Patthe dirt off one’s clothes 拍去/掸去身上的尘土93. untilhis figure was lost among crowds of people hurrying to and fro and no longervisible. 直到他的身影消失在来往的人群中，再也遍寻不见了。